Abstract: Conventional electrochromic devices frequently suffer from poor reliability and poor performance. Improvements are made using entirely solid and inorganic materials. Electrochromic devices are fabricated by forming an ion conducting electronically insulating interfacial region that serves as an IC layer. In some methods, the interfacial region is formed after formation of an electrochromic and a counter electrode layer, which are in direct contact with one another. The interfacial region contains an ion conducting electronically insulating material along with components of the electrochromic and/or the counter electrode layer. Materials and microstructure of the electrochromic devices provide improvements in performance and reliability over conventional devices. In addition to the improved electrochromic devices and methods for fabrication, integrated deposition systems for forming such improved devices are also disclosed.

Abstract: A transmission type adaptive optical system that can be applied to a high power laser beam beyond a limit of deformable mirrors and corrects wavefront turbulence of a laser beam with adaptation to the wavefront turbulence is provided. By using a transmission type adaptive optical element of which a refractive index distribution changes based on temperature distribution thereof, a wavefront turbulence of a laser beam is corrected with adaptation to this wavefront turbulence. The wavefront turbulence is detected by a wavefront sensor and heating light in accordance with the detected wavefront turbulence is emitted to irradiate the transmission type adaptive optical element. The transmission type adaptive optical element transmits a laser beam as a target to correct a wavefront turbulence thereof and generates temperature distribution by the heating light and as a result generates the refractive index distribution.

Abstract: According to various embodiments, a tunable optical device comprises a tunable optical metasurface on a substrate with an integrated driver circuit. In some embodiments, the tunable optical device includes a photon shield layer to prevent optical radiation from disrupting operation of the driver circuit. In some embodiments, the tunable optical device includes a diagnostic circuit to detect and disable defective optical structures of the metasurface. In some embodiments, the tunable optical device includes an integrated heater circuit that maintains a liquid crystal of the metasurface above a minimum operating temperature. In some embodiments, the tunable optical device includes an integrated lidar sequencing controller, a steering pattern subcircuit, and a photodetector circuit.

Abstract: Embodiments of metasurfaces having nanostructures with desired geometric profiles and configurations are provided in the present disclosure. In one embodiment, a metasurface includes a nanostructure formed on a substrate, wherein the nanostructure is cuboidal or cylindrical in shape. In another embodiment, a metasurface includes a plurality of nanostructures on a substrate, wherein each of the nanostructures has a gap greater than 35 nm spaced apart from each other. In yet another embodiment, a metasurface includes a plurality of nanostructures on a substrate, wherein the nanostructures are fabricated from at least one of TiO2, silicon nitride, or amorphous silicon, or GaN or aluminum zinc oxide or any material with refractive index greater than 1.8, and absorption coefficient smaller than 0.001, the substrate is transparent with absorption coefficient smaller than 0.001.

Abstract: A full duplex communication network includes an optical transmitter end having a first coherent optics transceiver, an optical receiver end having a second coherent optics transceiver, and an optical transport medium operably coupling the first coherent optics transceiver to the second coherent optics transceiver. The first coherent optics transceiver is configured to (i) transmit a downstream optical signal at a first wavelength, and (ii) simultaneously receive an upstream optical signal at a second wavelength. The second coherent optics transceiver is configured to (i) receive the downstream optical signal, and (ii) simultaneously transmit the upstream optical signal. The first wavelength has a first center frequency separated from a second center frequency of the second wavelength.

Abstract: A light transmissive substrate for transforming a Lambertian light distribution includes a base film having a first side and a second side opposite the first side, a plurality of first microstructures disposed on the first side of the base film and a plurality of first valleys. Each of the first valleys is defined by a pair of adjacent first microstructures. A filler material is disposed in the plurality of first valleys and defines a substantially planar surface spaced from and substantially parallel to the first side of the base film. The substrate also includes a plurality of second microstructures disposed on the substantially planar surface of the filler material and a plurality of second valleys. Each of the second valleys is defined by a pair of adjacent second microstructures.

Abstract: An apparatus including a substrate with at least three sides and an active stack on the substrate. The active stack can include a first transparent conductive layer, a second transparent conductive layer, an anodic electrochemical layer, and a cathodic electrochemical layer. The apparatus can also include a first bus bar set comprising a plurality of bus bars, wherein each bus bar of the first bus bar set is electrically coupled to the first transparent conductive layer, a second bus bar set comprising a plurality of bus bars, wherein each bus bar of the second bus bar set is electrically coupled to the second transparent conductive layer, and a bus bar arrangement wherein the bus bar arrangement comprises a bus bar from the first bus bar set and a bus bar from the second bus bar set on at least three sides of the substrate.

Abstract: A method for lens-free imaging of a sample or objects within the sample uses multi-height iterative phase retrieval and rotational field transformations to perform wide FOV imaging of pathology samples with clinically comparable image quality to a benchtop lens-based microscope. The solution of the transport-of-intensity (TIE) equation is used as an initial guess in the phase recovery process to speed the image recovery process. The holographically reconstructed image can be digitally focused at any depth within the object FOV (after image capture) without the need for any focus adjustment, and is also digitally corrected for artifacts arising from uncontrolled tilting and height variations between the sample and sensor planes. In an alternative embodiment, a synthetic aperture approach is used with multi-angle iterative phase retrieval to perform wide FOV imaging of pathology samples and increase the effective numerical aperture of the image.

Abstract: An e-paper assembly includes a charge-responsive, re-writable media layer and an airborne-charge receiving layer disposed on the first side of the media layer. A moisture vapor barrier is interposed between the airborne-charge receiving layer and a first side of the charge-responsive media layer, with the moisture vapor barrier including an inorganic material.

Abstract: A digital communication method over an optical channel. Bob modulates a coherent optical signal with a random envelope phase ?r, known to him and not to Alice, and transmits the modulated coherent optical signal (envelope) over the optical channel to Alice. Alice further modulates the envelope with a key phase ?k, based on a secret key and a selected modulation scheme, to create a cipher envelope, and sends the cipher envelope towards Bob along the optical channel. Bob then demodulates a received version of the cipher envelope by removing the random envelope phase ?r (known to Bob) and then measures the phase of the resulting demodulated coherent optical signal with the coherent detector to extract, to within a certain margin of error, the key phase ?k, from which Alice's secret key can be decoded. Bob then uses the secret key for encrypting messages sent to Alice over any digital network.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for maintaining transmitter-receiver alignment in a free space optical communications system without substantially moving the receiver element and with very little to no imparted momentum, while also allowing for higher tuning speeds and less system complexity than conventional solutions. The methods and apparatus allow for a large field of regard at the optical receiver, without the need for electromechanical gimbals to move the entire receiver unit and without the need for steering mirrors to move and align the incoming optical beam.

Abstract: This application relates to a method of forming nano-patterns on a substrate comprising the step of forming a plurality of nanostructures on a dielectric substrate, wherein the nanostructures are dimensioned or spaced apart from each other by a scaling factor of the dielectric substrate with reference to a silicon substrate.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a quantum communication device is adapted to correct first sift key data acquired by performing sift processing with respect to a quantum bit string received from a transmission device via a quantum communication path. The quantum communication device includes a determination unit and a correction unit. The determination unit determines setting information of error correction on the first sift key data from an estimated error rate of the first sift key data and a margin of the estimated error rate. The correction unit generates corrected key data by performing the error correction with the setting information.

Abstract: A communication network includes an optical hub having a first coherent optics transceiver, a fiber node having a second coherent optics transceiver, an optical transport medium operably coupling the first coherent optics transceiver to the second coherent optics transceiver, a first optical circulator disposed at the optical hub, and a second optical circulator disposed at the fiber node. The first coherent optics transceiver is configured to (i) transmit a downstream optical signal at a first wavelength, and (ii) receive an upstream optical signal at the first wavelength. The second coherent optics transceiver is configured to (i) receive the downstream optical signal from the first coherent optics transceiver at the first wavelength, and (ii) transmit the upstream optical signal at the first wavelength. The first and second optical circulators are configured to separate the downstream optical signal from the upstream optical signal.

Abstract: A reflective electronic display device being pixels or sub-pixels includes: a main substrate; an electromagnetic micro-electromechanical module installed on a side of the main substrate; a shaft coupled to the electromagnetic micro-electromechanical module and the main substrate; a reflector stacked on the other side of the main substrate; a first polarizer stacked on the reflector and configured to be opposite to the main substrate, and the first polarizer defining a first penetration axis; a second polarizer installed on a side of the first polarizer a side, and the second polarizer defining a second penetration axis; an electromagnetic micro-electromechanical module driving the main substrate to drive the reflector, so as to link and rotate the first polarizer and define a bright mode, a dark mode, and a grayscale mode.

Abstract: To provide a naked-eye type stereoscopic display device which can achieve a fine stereoscopic display property while achieving high-definition display and high yield. Aperture parts of sub-pixels neighboring to a first direction include overlapping regions which overlap in a second direction and a non-overlapping region which does not overlap. Provided that a width of the aperture part in the second direction is defined as a longitudinal aperture width, the non-overlapping region includes an aperture width fluctuating region where the longitudinal aperture width changes continuously from roughly a center of the aperture part towards both ends of the first direction, respectively. The sum of the longitudinal aperture widths of the two overlapping regions overlapping with each other at a same position in the first direction is larger than the longitudinal aperture width in roughly the center of the aperture part.

Abstract: The present disclosure concerns a device for forming a field intensity pattern in the near zone, from electromagnetic waves which are incident on said device. Notably, such a device allows confining electromagnetic waves, which are incident on the device, into beams of radiation in the near zone. It comprises at least one layer of dielectric material, which surface has at least one abrupt change of level forming a step. A lower and lateral part of said surface with respect to said step is in contact with a substance having a refractive index lower than that of said dielectric material. For an incident electromagnetic wave impinging upon the device in the vicinity of such a step, the corresponding step of index it encounters produces a complex electromagnetic phenomenon, which allows generating low-dispersive condensed beams and specific field patterns in the near zone.

Abstract: There is disclosed a camera module manufacturing apparatus for joining together a lens unit that incorporates a taking lens and a sensor board to which an image sensor is attached. The camera module manufacturing apparatus includes an optical unit including a collimator lens and a measurement chart for forming an image of the measurement chart on the image sensor through the taking lens. The relative position of the lens unit and the sensor board is adjusted based on an image signal obtained by converting, using the image sensor, an image of the measurement chart that is formed on the image sensor by the optical unit. The measurement chart is disposed to be tilted with respect to a plane that is perpendicular to an optical axis of the collimator lens.

Abstract: An optical composite film includes a reflection grating film layer, an optically-uniaxial optical film layer, and a substrate layer. The optically-uniaxial optical film layer includes a plate-shaped portion and a plurality of refraction portions, where the plate-shaped portion is disposed on the reflection grating film layer, the plurality of refraction portions is disposed on a side of the plate-shaped portion away from the reflection grating film layer, the plurality of refraction portions is selected from one type of camber columns and quadrangular prisms, and an extraordinary light refractive index of the optically-uniaxial optical film layer is less than an ordinary light refractive index of the optically-uniaxial optical film layer; and the substrate layer is stacked on a side of the plate-shaped portion close to the refraction portion.

Abstract: A vehicle may have optical structures such as windows and mirrors that have the potential to allow glare from external objects to shine into the eyes of a driver or other vehicle occupant. A control circuit may gather information on where the eyes of the driver are located using a camera mounted in the vehicle and may gather information on where the sun or other source of glare are located outside of the vehicle. Based on this information, the control circuit may direct a light modulator on a window or mirror to selectively darken an area that prevents the glare from reaching the eyes of the driver. The light modulator may have a photochromic layer that is adjusted by shining light onto the photochromic layer, may be a liquid crystal modulator, an electrochromic modulator, or other light modulator layer.

Abstract: A method for describing an array of elements includes the steps of providing an array description system that includes a library of possible alternative designations; and describing the array of elements using at least one of the alternative designations. The library of possible alternative designations includes one or more of the following (i) a line designation, (ii) a column designation, (iii) a square designation, (iv) a rectangle designation, (v) a cross designation, (vi) a diagonal designation, (vii) a complex designation, (viii) a mosaic designation, (ix) an overlap designation, (x) a power designation, (xi) a border designation, (xii) a corner flip designation, (xiii) a mirror image designation, (xiv) a repeat designation, and (xv) a glide designation.

Abstract: A full duplex communication network includes an optical transmitter end having a first coherent optics transceiver, an optical receiver end having a second coherent optics transceiver, and an optical transport medium operably coupling the first coherent optics transceiver to the second coherent optics transceiver. The first coherent optics transceiver is configured to simultaneously transmit a downstream optical signal and receive an upstream optical signal. The second coherent optics transceiver is configured to simultaneously receive the downstream optical signal from the first coherent optics transceiver and transmit the upstream optical signal first coherent optics transceiver. At least one of the downstream optical signal and the upstream optical signal includes at least one coherent optical carrier and at least one non-coherent optical carrier.

Abstract: To provide a naked-eye type stereoscopic display device which can achieve a fine stereoscopic display property while achieving high-definition display and high yield. An aperture part includes overlapping regions which overlap with an aperture part or another aperture part neighboring to each other in a second direction and a non-overlapping region which does not overlap. Provided that a light amount emitted from a linear aperture of the aperture part in parallel to a second direction is “longitudinal light amount”, the non-overlapping region includes longitudinal light amount fluctuating regions where the longitudinal light amount changes continuously from roughly a center of the aperture part towards both ends of the first direction, respectively. The sum of the longitudinal light amounts of the two overlapping regions overlapping with each other at a same position in the first direction is larger than the longitudinal light amount in roughly the center of the aperture part.

Abstract: An optical data transmitter comprising two or more serially connected optical modulators, each driven using a respective DAC. The digital signals applied to the individual DACs are produced using different respective subsets of the set of bitstreams representing the digital waveform or data stream to be transmitted, with the bitstream subsets being selected, e.g., such that (i) each of the individual DACs is able to support the digital resolution and sampling rate needed for properly handling the subset of bitstreams applied thereto and (ii) differences between average driving powers applied to different optical modulators are relatively small. In different embodiments, the two or more serially connected optical modulators can be arranged for generating optical communication signals of different modulation formats, e.g., PSK, ASK, PAM, IM, and QAM. Some embodiments can advantageously be used for generating optical communication signals employing constellations of relatively large sizes, e.g.

Abstract: An apparatus measures the transverse profile of vectorial optical field beams, including at least the directional intensity complex amplitude and the polarization spatial profile. The apparatus contains a polarization separation module, a weak perturbation module, and a detection module. Characterizing the transverse profile of vector fields provides an optical metrology tool for both fundamental studies of vectorial optical fields and a wide spectrum of applications, including microscopy, surveillance, imaging, communication, material processing, and laser trapping.

Abstract: An elementary device for coherently recombining a first elementary beam and a second elementary beam, includes a first input and a second input, into which are respectively injected the first elementary beam and the second elementary beam to be recombined, an output that delivers an output beam corresponding to the coherent recombination of the first and second elementary beams, a delay line placed on one of the paths of said elementary beams and configured to induce a variable delay on said path, a variable coupler comprising a first 2×2 combiner, a phase modulator and a second 2×2 combiner, a control detector configured to generate, from the complementary beam, an error signal (?), a feedback loop configured to determine, from the error signal, the delay and the phase difference to be applied.

Abstract: Unidirectional grating-based backlighting includes a light guide and a diffraction grating at a surface of the light guide. The light guide is to guide a light beam and the diffraction grating is configured to couple out a portion of the guided light beam using diffractive coupling and to direct the coupled-out portion away from the light guide surface as a primary light beam at a principal angular direction. The unidirectional grating-based backlighting further includes a reflective island in the light guide between the light guide surface and an opposite surface of the light guide to reflectively redirect a diffractively produced, secondary light beam out of the light guide in a direction of the primary light beam.

Abstract: Disclosed is a stereoscopic image display device which separates views from each other to reduce crosstalk and minimizes reduction in brightness due to decrease of an opening area of sub-pixels. The stereoscopic image display device includes a display panel including first and second sub-pixels arranged in parallel in the horizontal direction in each of regions formed by intersecting a plurality of gate lines and a plurality of data lines, openings for opening a part of each of the first and second sub-pixels in a light-shielding pattern configured to shield regions of the first and second sub-pixels other than the openings, and a parallax unit located on the display panel and including a plurality of lenses.

Abstract: The light adjustment apparatus of the present embodiment comprises a light adjustment part, a rotation axis body that supports a rotation arm that places and removes the light adjustment part in and out of a light path by swinging, and has a magnet installed therein, an electromagnetic drive source that forms a magnetic circuit including the rotation axis body on the circuit, and works an electromagnetic force on the magnet to rotate a rotational axis of the rotation axis body, and a float prevention part that magnetically restricts the rotation axis body, and prevents the rotation axis body from floating towards an axial direction of the rotational axis when the rotation axis body is rotated.

Abstract: A communication network includes an optical hub having a first coherent optics transceiver, a fiber node having a second coherent optics transceiver, an optical transport medium operably coupling the first coherent optics transceiver to the second coherent optics transceiver, a first optical circulator disposed at the optical hub, and a second optical circulator disposed at the fiber node. The first coherent optics transceiver is configured to (i) transmit a downstream optical signal at a first wavelength, and (ii) receive an upstream optical signal at the first wavelength. The second coherent optics transceiver is configured to (i) receive the downstream optical signal from the first coherent optics transceiver at the first wavelength, and (ii) transmit the upstream optical signal at the first wavelength. The first and second optical circulators are configured to separate the downstream optical signal from the upstream optical signal.

Abstract: Embodiments may relate to a segment driver that is to be coupled with a modulator segment of a Mach-Zehnder modulator. The segment driver may include a continuous-time linear equalizer (CTLE) incorporated within an amplifier stage of the modulator. The CTLE may be configured to identify an electrical signal that is related to an optical signal of the Mach-Zehnder modulator; reduce inter-symbol interference (ISI) of the electrical signal to generate a processed electrical signal; and output the processed electrical signal to the amplifier stage. Other embodiments may be described or claimed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a display device, including a first display panel, a second display panel, and a plurality of first lenses. The first display panel has a light emitting surface and includes a plurality of first sub-pixels. Each of the first sub-pixels has a first sub-pixel width. The second display panel is located at one side of the light emitting surface of the first display panel and includes a plurality of second sub-pixels. Each of the second sub-pixels has a second sub-pixel width. The first lenses are disposed between the first display panel and the second display panel. Each of the first lenses has a first diameter, and the first diameter is smaller than the second sub-pixel width.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to use of a quaternary molybdenum/tungsten tellurite crystal and a device thereof. The quaternary molybdenum/tungsten tellurite crystal is used as an acousto-optic material, wherein the quaternary molybdenum/tungsten tellurite comprises tellurium (Te) and tungsten (W), or tellurium (Te) and molybdenum (Mo). The crystal has abundant kinds, is non-toxic, and includes high, medium and low symmetry crystal systems; it easily produces a large-size and high-quality single crystal and almost meets all requirements of excellent acousto-optic properties. In the present disclosure, by selecting different light transmission directions and excitation source directions to fabricate an acousto-optic device with practical application values according to the requirements of the crystal acousto-optic device and the crystal characteristics, high-performance acousto-optic Q switching laser output is achieved.

Abstract: A device for detecting electromagnetic radiation includes at least one thermal detector, placed on a substrate; an encapsulating structure forming a cavity housing the thermal detector, including at least one thin encapsulating layer; and at least one Fabry-Perot interference filter, formed by first and second semi-reflective mirrors that are separated from each other by a structured layer. A high-index layer of one of the semi-reflective mirrors is at least partially formed from the thin encapsulating layer.

Abstract: An electro-optic display includes a layer of electro-optic material, at least one conductor, and an adhesive material between the layer of electro-optic material and the at least one conductor. At least one of the electro-optic material and adhesive material comprises a composite material that includes a polymer phase and a filler phase, the filler phase having a conductivity greater than or equal to 0.5×103 S/m, a ratio of the coefficient of thermal expansion of the filler to the polymer is less than or equal to 0.5, and a concentration of the filler phase in the composite material is greater than or equal to a filler concentration corresponding to a conductivity transition point of the composite material.

Abstract: A photonic system may include a PIC and an interposer. The PIC may include a first SiN waveguide. The interposer may include second and third SiN waveguides substantially vertically aligned with the first SiN waveguide in an overlap region of a first waveguide stack that may include the first, second, and third waveguides in the first waveguide stack. Within the overlap region, the second SiN waveguide may include vertical tapering that increases a thickness of the second SiN waveguide from an initial thickness to an increased thickness toward the first SiN waveguide. The first waveguide stack may further include a non-overlap region in which the interposer does not overlap the PIC. The non-overlap region may include the second and third SiN waveguides. Within the non-overlap region, the second SiN waveguide may maintain the increased thickness and the second and third SiN waveguides may include a first lateral bend.

Abstract: In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a compact method for beam steering using a layer of transparent, electro-optical material sandwiched between two layers of conductive transparent material, which provides a voltage-controlled light beam steering system without any moving parts.

Abstract: Optical modulators are described having a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a pair of RF electrodes interfaced with the Mach-Zehnder interferometer in which the Mach-Zehnder interferometer comprises optical waveguides formed from semiconductor material. The optical modulator also comprises a ground plane spaced away in a distinct plane from transmission line electrodes formed from the association of the pair of RF electrodes interfaced with the Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The ground plane can be associated with a submount in which an optical chip comprising the Mach-Zehnder interferometer and the pair of RF electrodes is mounted on the submount with the two semiconductor optical waveguides are oriented toward the submount. Methods for forming the modulators are described.

Abstract: An optical phase modulation device for modulating a phase of an input light signal at a modulation frequency is provided, which can be used in integrated photonics applications. The device can include an optical phase modulator, for example a thermo-optic phase shifter having an effective refractive index that depends linearly temperature, configured to impart a phase shift to the input light signal, the phase shift varying quadratically in response to an applied modulating electric drive signal. The device can also include a phase modulator driver configured to apply the electric drive signal to the optical phase modulator, the electric drive signal having a time-varying component oscillating at half the modulation frequency and no time-constant component, thereby imparting the phase shift, modulated at the modulation frequency, to the phase of the input light signal to produce a phase-modulated light signal. Optical phase modulation systems and methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: A full duplex communication network includes an optical transmitter end having a first coherent optics transceiver, an optical receiver end having a second coherent optics transceiver, and an optical transport medium operably coupling the first coherent optics transceiver to the second coherent optics transceiver. The first coherent optics transceiver is configured to (i) transmit a downstream optical signal at a first wavelength, and (ii) simultaneously receive an upstream optical signal at a second wavelength. The second coherent optics transceiver is configured to (i) receive the downstream optical signal, and (ii) simultaneously transmit the upstream optical signal. The first wavelength has a first center frequency separated from a second center frequency of the second wavelength.

Abstract: A multi-beam optical phased array on a single planar waveguide layer or a small number of planar waveguide layers enables building an optical sensor that performs much like a significantly larger telescope. Imaging systems use planar waveguides created using micro-lithographic techniques. These imagers are variants of “phased arrays,” common and familiar from microwave radar applications. However, there are significant differences when these same concepts are applied to visible and infrared light.

Abstract: In one example, a method includes outputting, by a power supply and across a supply node and a ground node, a supply power signal; and selectively outputting, by a driver, a power signal to a second terminal of a light emitting element that has a first terminal and the second terminal, wherein the first terminal of the light emitting element is coupled to a load node, wherein a supply terminal of the driver is coupled to the supply node, wherein a ground terminal driver is coupled to the ground node, and wherein a difference between a potential of the supply node and a potential of the ground node is less than an activation voltage of the light emitting element.

Abstract: A head-up display device includes: an image formation unit which emits light including image information; and a projection optical system including an ocular optical system which displays a virtual image by reflecting the light emitted from the image formation unit. The ocular optical system includes spherical lenses, a free-form curved surface lens, a reflection mirror, and a free-form curved surface mirror, and is configured by arranging, in a space on the side of the ocular optical system of a plane conjugate with the virtual image plane with respect to the ocular optical system, a first small lens system which achieves first focus position movement and on which separated light from the image formation unit is made to be incident, and a second small lens system which achieves second focus position movement and on which separated light from the image formation unit is made to be incident.

Abstract: The disclosure includes an electro-optical sensor. The electro-optical sensor includes a test signal input to receive a test signal from a device under test (DUT). A bias circuit is employed to generate a bias signal. The electro-optical sensor also includes a Mach-Zehnder Modulator (MZM) that employs an optical input, an optical output, and a bias input. The MZM is configured to receive an optical carrier signal via the optical input. The MZM also receives both the test signal and the bias signal on the bias input. The MZM modulates the test signal from the bias input onto the optical carrier to generate an optical signal while operating in a mode selected by the bias signal. The MZM also outputs the optical signal over the optical output.

Abstract: A lens system includes a first lens array assembly including a first plurality of cells, each cell of the first plurality of cells configured to exhibit a pair of first Fourier transform lenses, and a second lens array assembly including a second plurality of cells, each cell of the second plurality of cells configured to exhibit a pair of second Fourier transform lenses. The first and second lens array assemblies are positioned relative to one another along an optical axis of the lens system such that light diverging from an object at a plane disposed at an object conjugate distance from the first lens array assembly reconverges at an image plane after passing through the first and second lens array assemblies. The image plane is disposed at an image conjugate distance from the second lens array assembly in accordance with the object conjugate distance.

Abstract: A driver circuit 11 includes a plurality of cascode-connected NMOS transistors, a modulating signal VGN1 is applied to a gate terminal of a lowermost stage transistor TN1 located at a lowermost stage out of the NMOS transistors, and an upper stage bias potential VGN2 that is a sum of a minimum gate-source voltage VGN1min and a maximum drain-source voltage VDS1max of a transistor (TN1) located immediately below an upper stage transistor located at an upper stage above the lowermost stage transistor of the NMOS transistors is applied to the upper stage transistor TN2.

Abstract: An electrochromic element including: a first electrode; a second electrode that is opposed to and apart from the first electrode; and an electrolyte that is between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the first electrode includes a polymerized product of an electrochromic composition that includes a radical-polymerizable compound including a triarylamine backbone, and wherein the second electrode includes a compound represented by General Formula (I) where R1 and R2 each denote a hydrogen atom, an aryl group including 14 or less carbon atoms, a heteroaryl group including 14 or less carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group including 10 or less carbon atoms, an alkenyl group including 10 or less carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group including 10 or less carbon atoms, or a functional group that is capable of binding to a hydroxyl group; n and m each denote 0 or an integer of from 1 through 10; and X? denotes a charge-neutralizing ion.

Abstract: A metasurface is capable of modulating input light including a wavelength in a range of 880 nm to 40 ?m. The metasurface includes: a GaAs substrate including a light input surface into which input light is input and a light output surface facing the light input surface; an interlayer having a lower refractive index than GaAs and disposed on the light output surface side of the GaAs substrate; and a plurality of V-shaped antenna elements disposed on a side of the interlayer which is opposite to the GaAs substrate side and including a first arm and a second arm continuous with one end of the first arm.

Abstract: To provide a naked-eye type stereoscopic display device which can achieve a fine stereoscopic display property while achieving high-definition display and high yield. Aperture parts of sub-pixels neighboring to a first direction include overlapping regions which overlap in a second direction and a non-overlapping region which does not overlap. Provided that a width of the aperture part in the second direction is defined as a longitudinal aperture width, the non-overlapping region includes an aperture width fluctuating region where the longitudinal aperture width changes continuously from roughly a center of the aperture part towards both ends of the first direction, respectively. The sum of the longitudinal aperture widths of the two overlapping regions overlapping with each other at a same position in the first direction is larger than the longitudinal aperture width in roughly the center of the aperture part.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an illumination optical apparatus comprises: a light splitting device which splits the beam into a plurality of beams with respective polarization states different from each other; a spatial light modulation device which is arranged on at least one of a first optical path in which a first beam out of the plurality of beams travels and a second optical path in which a second beam out of the plurality of beams travels, and which has a plurality of optical elements arranged two-dimensionally and driven individually; and a control device which controls the spatial modulation device to combine the first beam and the second beam at least in part.