Abstract: Some embodiments are directed to a range of method for investigating a sample such as obtaining images and/or spectral information are described. The method includes a method for deriving structural information about a sample as a continuous function of the depth below the surface of the sample, a method for evaluating a part of the structure of a sample located between two interfaces within the sample, and a contrast enhancing method and apparatus which has a quick image acquisition time.

Abstract: An electro-optic medium including an encapsulated material and a binder, the encapsulated material being configured to switch optical states upon application of an electric field, and the binder including a polymer having a plurality of side chains, wherein at least a portion of the side chains have an ionic moiety.

Abstract: The pixel driving circuit includes a sequential control unit, a first switch unit, a second switch unit, and a power supply unit. The power supply unit provides a constant driving voltage. In one control period, a voltage difference between a first electrode and a second electrode of the electrowetting pixel device is flipped to prevent the first electrode and the second electrode of the electrowetting pixel device from problems of charge trapping and ink splitting due to charge accumulation.

Abstract: Provided are a magneto-optical material capable of enhancing the tunable range of magneto-optical properties such as the Faraday rotation angle, and a method for producing the same. The temperature of a substrate 20 is controlled to a first temperature within the range of 300 to 800 [° C.], and the atmospheric pressure of the substrate 20 is controlled to 1.0×10?4 [Pa] or less (first step). Using a composite target or plurality of individual targets of a TCO material exhibiting ENZ properties in the infrared wavelength region, together with a magnetic metal, a magneto-optical material 10 is deposited on the substrate 20 while the temperature of the substrate 20 is controlled to a second temperature within the range of 300 to 800 [° C.], and the atmospheric pressure of the substrate 20 is controlled to the range of 0.1 to 10 [Pa] (second step).

Abstract: In order to provide an optical modulator capable of preventing damage to the substrate and preventing deterioration of the properties of the modulator by reducing the stress on the substrate generated by the modulation electrode, there is provided an optical modulator 1, including: a substrate 5 having an electro-optic effect; an optical waveguide 10 formed on the substrate 5; and a modulation electrode (signal electrode S and ground electrode G) provided on the substrate 5 and modulating a light wave propagating in the optical waveguide 10, wherein a resin 8 to reduce the stress on the substrate 5 generated by the modulation electrode is arranged between a part of the bottom surface of the modulation electrode and the substrate 5 facing a part of the bottom surface of the modulation electrode.

Abstract: The present invention addresses a first problem of providing a polymer that has electrochromic characteristics, and that can form a sheet which seems more transparent when applied to an electrochromic element and is decolored. The present invention for solving the problem is a polymer obtained by forming a complex between, and binding together, compound A represented by formula 1: BP1-L1-BP2 and at least one specific metal ion selected from the group consisting of first metal ions having a coordination number of 4, second metal ions having a coordination number of 6, and third metal ions having a coordination number of 4 and 6. In the formula, L1 represents a single bond or a divalent group, and BP1 and BP2 may be identical or different from each other and each independently represent a bipyridine derivative.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a photochromic resin lens with a refractivity of 1.50 and a preparation method thereof. The lens comprises a resin monomer, a photochromic organic material, an initiator, an antioxidant and a photo stabilizer at a weight ratio of 100:0.01-0.1:1-10:0.1-0.9:0.1-0.9. The resin monomer is a mixture of a monofunctional acrylate, a difunctional acrylate and a tetrafunctional acrylate at a weight ratio of 10-80:10-50:10-50. In the present invention, a low-refractivity photochromic resin lens with a refractivity of 1.50 and an Abbe number of 58 is prepared. The lens does not contain toxic materials, is safer and more environmentally friendly to wear and produce, and has high Abbe number, clear imaging, high visible light transmittance, and high product pass rate. The visible light transmittance under UV irradiation is less than 20%, the color is deep, and the photochromic effect is good.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a grating enhanced distributed vibration demodulation system based on three-pulse shearing interference, comprising: a laser device, a pulse optical modulator, a three-pulse generation polarization-maintaining structure, a first erbium-doped fiber amplifier, a first optical circulator, a fiber grating array, a second erbium-doped fiber amplifier, a second optical circulator, a three-in-three optical coupler, a first Faraday rotator mirror, a second Faraday rotator mirror, and a four-channel data acquisition card, On the basis of a distributed fiber grating vibration sensing system, three-pulse dislocation interference and three-in-three optical coupler digital phase demodulation technologies are adopted, XX and XY pulses are utilized to complement interference visibility, and demodulation is performed by selecting a better path, so that polarization fading resistance and interference signal high visibility in the distributed fiber grating vibration sensing system are realized.

Abstract: A pixel for creating an optical phase change includes a transparent electrical insulator, a first electrical conductor disposed on the transparent electrical insulator, the first electrical conductor comprising an antenna component and a connector component, an electrical insulator disposed on the first electrical conductor, a transparent semiconductor disposed on the electrical insulator, and a second electrical conductor disposed on the transparent semiconductor. The transparent semiconductor is sufficiently thick to prevent plasmonic resonance from occurring at an interface between the transparent semiconductor and the second electrical conductor.

Abstract: A telemetry system is disclosed for use in a wellbore extending from the surface. The telemetry system includes fiber optic cable locatable in the wellbore, the fiber optic cable including at least one optical fiber. The telemetry system also includes a telemetry device operable to transmit an optical telemetry signal over the fiber optic cable. An optical detector operably connected to the optical fiber and includes a single-photon detector operable to receive the optical telemetry signal transmitted over the optical fiber.

Abstract: According to various embodiments, an array of elements forms an artificially-structured material. The artificially-structured material can also include an array of tuning mechanisms included as part of the array of elements that are configured to change material properties of the artificially-structured material on a per-element basis. The tuning mechanisms can change the material properties of the artificially-structured material by changing operational properties of the elements in the array of elements on a per-element basis based on one or a combination of stimuli detected by sensors included in the array of tuning mechanisms, programmable circuit modules included as part of the array of tuning mechanisms, data stored at individual data stores included as part of the array of tuning mechanisms, and communications transmitted through interconnects included as part of the array of elements.

Abstract: An electro-optic medium including an encapsulated material and a binder, the encapsulated material being configured to switch optical states upon application of an electric field, and the binder including a polymer having a plurality of side chains, wherein at least a portion of the side chains have an ionic moiety.

Abstract: A novel spatial light modulator (SLM) includes a cover glass, and modulation layer, and a plurality of pixel mirrors, and separates unwanted, reflected light from desired, modulated light. In one embodiment, a geometrical relationship exists between the cover glass and the pixel mirrors, such that light that reflects from the cover glass is separated from light that reflects from the pixel mirrors and is transmitted from the SLM. In one example, one of the cover glass or the pixel mirrors is angled with respect to the modulation layer. In another example embodiment, the cover glass has a particular thickness, which introduces destructive interference between light that reflects from the top and bottom surfaces of the cover glass. In another embodiment antireflective coatings are disposed between optical interfaces of the SLM. In another embodiment, light from the SLM is directed through an optical filter to remove unwanted light.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to systems, methods and compositions for fabricating additive manufactured electronics having conductive and dielectric constituents comprising voids, using additive manufacturing. Specifically, the disclosure is directed to the fabrication of three-dimensional component having conductive and dielectric constituents comprising voids by using water soluble support ink, capable of undergoing all processing steps for fabricating the dielectric and conductive constituents.

Abstract: Provided are an optical modulation device, a method of operating the same, and an apparatus including the optical modulation device. The optical modulation device may include a mirror area, a nano-antenna area, and an active area located between the mirror area and the nano-antenna area, and a plurality of first electrodes and a plurality of second electrodes for changing physical properties of the active area may intersect each other to form a cross-point array structure. The plurality of first electrodes may be included in the mirror area or may be provided separately from the mirror area. The plurality of second electrodes may be included in the nano-antenna area and may be provided separately from the nano-antenna area.

Abstract: According to the present invention, an optical device includes: a first electro-optical member and a second electro-optical member. The first electro-optical member has two convex portions spaced from each other by a recessed portion and a connecting portion arranged under the recessed portion to connect the two convex portions, the first electro-optical member exhibiting an electro-optical effect. The second electro-optical member has a recessed portion member arranged within the recessed portion, the second electro-optical member exhibiting an electro-optical effect. The permittivity of the first electro-optical member is higher than the permittivity of the second electro-optical member. The refractive index of the first electro-optical member is higher than the refractive index of the second electro-optical member. During application of an electric field, light to be transmitted is applied to the recessed portion member.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved diffraction structure for 3D display systems. The improved diffraction structure includes an intermediate layer that resides between a waveguide substrate and a top grating surface. The top grating surface comprises a first material that corresponds to a first refractive index value, the underlayer comprises a second material that corresponds to a second refractive index value, and the substrate comprises a third material that corresponds to a third refractive index value.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an array of plasmonic structures, a biosensor and a method of fabricating the biosensor. The biosensor includes: an array of plasmonic structures arranged on a base, and defining a detection surface distanced from the base; a separator arranged to separate at least a main portion of a cell from the detection surface; wherein the biosensor is arranged to detect, based on a change of an optical property of the array of plasmonic structures, in response to one or more protrusions extending from the main portion of the cell reaching the detection surface.

Abstract: Easy acquisition of an image expressing a transparent part and an opaque part, for example, is achievable by one-time imaging. An imaging apparatus includes an imaging unit and an image forming unit. The imaging unit has a pixel group that includes a first pixel group including a pixel capable of receiving light having a first polarization direction, and a second pixel group. The image forming unit forms a first image corresponding to a second polarization direction that is a predetermined polarization direction on the basis of signals of a pixel group including at least the first pixel group, and forms a second image different from the first image on the basis of signals of a pixel group including at least the second pixel group.

Abstract: A backlight module and a display device are provided. A back plate of the backlight module has a first surface and a second surface. The back plate comprises a metal portion and an insulating portion, and electrical connection pads are disposed in the insulating portion. The first and second electrical connection pads are disposed on the first surface and electrically coupled to each other. The third and fourth electrical connection pads are disposed on the second surface. The first electrical connection pad is correspondingly coupled to the third electrical connection pad, and the second electrical connection pad is correspondingly coupled to the fourth electrical connection pad. A driving circuit board comprises a fifth electrical connection pad. The fifth electrical connection pad is correspondingly coupled to the first electrical connection pad. A light emitting unit comprises a sixth electrical connection pad correspondingly coupled to the fourth electrical connection pad.

Abstract: A variable transmission film may include an electrophoretic medium having a plurality of capsules and a binder, each capsule containing a plurality of electrically charged particles and a fluid, the charged particles being movable by application of an electric field and being capable of being switched between an open state and a closed state. The film may include at least one of a binder containing fish gelatin and a polyanion; a binder containing one or more tinting agents; capsules containing charge control agents, such as an oligoamine-terminated polyolefin and a branched chain fatty acid comprising at least 8 carbon atoms; a selection of capsules in which at least 60% have a diameter between 50 ?m and 90 ?m and at least 15% have a diameter between 20 ?m and 49 ?m; a tinted adhesive layer; and a fluid selected from one or more nonconjugated olefinic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A blue light-blocking structure and manufacturing method thereof, a display device and an operation method thereof are provided. The blue light-blocking structure includes a first transparent dielectric layer, a second transparent dielectric layer and an electro-refractive index adjusting layer. The second transparent dielectric layer is provided on a side of the first transparent dielectric layer. The electro-refractive index adjusting layer is provided between the first transparent dielectric layer and the second transparent dielectric layer. The electro-refractive index adjusting layer is configured to change the refractive index to the blue light transmitted through the electro-refractive index adjusting layer under the action of an electrical field applied between a first side of the electro-refractive index adjusting layer near the first transparent dielectric layer and a second side near the second transparent dielectric layer.

Abstract: An elastic device may comprise an amorphous metal comprising at least one refractory metal, at least two elements selected from periods, 4, 5, 6, 9, and 10, and at least one metalloid. A membrane may comprise a layer of silicon dioxide and a layer of amorphous metal. A MEMS device may comprise a layer of amorphous metal comprising at least one refractory metal, at least two elements selected from periods, 4, 5, 6, 9, and 10, and a metalloid. In one example, the amorphous material comprises Tantalum (Ta), Tungsten (W), and Silicon (Si). In another example, the metalloid is Silicon. In yet another example, the refractory metals comprise Niobium, Molybdenum, Tantalum, Tungsten, Rhenium, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: An optoelectronic material includes a first organic molecule and a second organic molecule crosslinked with each other, the first organic molecule and the second organic molecule having wavelength selectivity in a visible ray region.

Abstract: An optical element with an antireflection function is provided with a substrate having a surface and a plurality of structures formed from convex portions or concave portions and arranged in large numbers on the surface of the substrate with a minute pitch less than or equal to the wavelength of the visible light, wherein the modulus of elasticity of the material forming the structures is 1 MPa or more, and 1,200 MPa or less, and the aspect ratio of the structure is 0.6 or more, and 1.5 or less.

Abstract: A mid-infrared tunable metamaterial comprises an array of resonators on a semiconductor substrate having a large dependence of dielectric function on carrier concentration and a semiconductor plasma resonance that lies below the operating range, such as indium antimonide. Voltage biasing of the substrate generates a resonance shift in the metamaterial response that is tunable over a broad operating range. The mid-infrared tunable metamaterials have the potential to become the building blocks of chip based active optical devices in mid-infrared ranges, which can be used for many applications, such as thermal imaging, remote sensing, and environmental monitoring.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of forming an optical device, in particular, a silicon optical modulator using shallow rib waveguide structure. According to the embodiments of the present invention, the silicon optical waveguide modulator includes a shallow rib waveguide with asymmetric shoulder heights disposed on a surface of a substrate; one side terminated by the waveguide edge and the other side terminated by a second laterally oriented PN junction, a first vertically oriented PN junction is positioned inside the light propagation region of the waveguide; and higher doping regions with the same type of doping type of the adjoining regions are positioned on the asymmetric shoulders outside the light propagation regions in electrical contact with metal contacts.

Abstract: A reflection-mode waveplate for operation in the terahertz region by shifting the phase between two perpendicular polarization components of the light wave, comprising a ground plane; an array of polygonal unit cells; the polygonal unit cells comprising a polymer positioned between the ground plane and the exterior of the array of polygonal patches.

Abstract: Tunable photonic crystal color filters, and color image display devices including the same, include a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, a medium between the first electrode and the second electrode, nano particles distributed in the medium in a lattice structure and charged, and an ion spread preventing layer over a surface of at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: The invention provides an article of manufacture, and methods of designing and making the article. The article permits or prohibits waves of energy, especially photonic/electromagnetic energy, to propagate through it, depending on the energy band gaps built into it. The structure of the article may be reduced to a pattern of points having a hyperuniform distribution. The point-pattern may exhibit a crystalline symmetry, a quasicrystalline symmetry or may be aperiodic. In some embodiments, the point pattern exhibits no long-range order. Preferably, the point-pattern is isotropic. In all embodiments, the article has a complete, TE- and TM-optimized band-gap. The extraordinary transmission phenomena found in the disordered hyperuniform photonic structures of the invention find use in optical micro-circuitry (all-optical, electronic or thermal switching of the transmission), near-field optical probing, thermophotovoltaics, and energy-efficient incandescent sources.

Abstract: An apparatus to modify an incident free space electromagnetic wave includes a block of an artificially structured material having an adjustable spatial distribution of electromagnetic parameters (e.g., ?, ?, ?, ?, and n). A controller applies control signals to dynamically adjust the spatial distribution of electromagnetic parameters in the material to introduce a time-varying path delay d(t) in the modified electromagnetic wave relative to the incident electromagnetic wave.

Abstract: A method of pumping an optical resonator includes directing light generated by a pumping light at the optical resonator, exciting a propagating surface state of the optical resonator at an interface of the optical resonator, and changing a propagating frequency of the light proximate the interface, where the changed frequency corresponds to a propagation frequency of the surface state. The optical resonator includes a photonic crystal and a material, where the interface is formed between the photonic crystal and the material.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a color conversion film comprising at least one active layer, said layer comprising an organic fluorescent dye containing a fluorescent core, wherein said dye is substituted with at least one polymer segment. It also concerns its method of preparation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a man-made composite material and a man-made composite material antenna. The man-made composite material is divided into a plurality of regions. An electromagnetic wave is incident on a first surface exits from a second surface of the man-made composite material opposite to the first surface. A line connecting a radiation source to a point on the bottom surface of the ith region and a line perpendicular to the man-made composite material form an angle ? therebetween, which uniquely corresponds to a curved surface in the ith region. A set formed by points on the bottom surface of the ith region that have the same angle ? forms a boundary of the curved surface to which the angle ? uniquely corresponds. The refraction, diffraction and reflection of the present invention at the abrupt transition points can be reduced.

Abstract: A tunable photonic crystal device comprising: alternating layers of a first material and a second material, the alternating layers comprising a responsive material, the responsive material being responsive to an external stimulus, the alternating layers having a periodic difference in refractive indices giving rise to a first reflected wavelength; wherein, in response to the external stimulus, a change in the responsive material results in a reflected wavelength of the device shifting from the first reflected wavelength to a second reflected wavelength.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes an electro-optical material, a first lens which is arranged at an incident side of the light and is provided so as to correspond to a pixel, and a condenser lens which is arranged at an emitting side of the light and is provided so as to correspond to the pixel. Condensation degrees of the first lens are larger than that of the second lens, and distances between the first lens and the electro-optical material are smaller than distances between the second lens and the electro-optical material.

Abstract: A photonic crystal device including a photonic crystal material and an activation surface. The photonic crystal material exhibits a first reflectance spectrum in an unactivated state, and, in response to mechanical stimulation, exhibits a second reflectance spectrum in an activated state. Application of a force at an activation portion of the activation surface offset from a material-supporting portion of the activation surface causes a deformation of the photonic crystal material sufficient to bring the photonic crystal material to the activated state.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention are directed to negative refractive index-based holograms that can be electronically controlled and dynamically reconfigured to generate one or more color three-dimensional holographic images. In one aspect, a hologram comprises a phase-control layer having a plurality of phase modulation elements. The phase-modulation elements are configured with a negative effective refractive index and selectively transmit wavelengths associated with one of three primary color wavelength. The hologram also includes an intensity-control layer including a plurality of intensity-control elements. One or more color three-dimensional images can be produced by electronically addressing the phase-modulation elements and intensity-control elements in order to phase shift and control the intensity of light transmitted through the hologram. A method for generating a color holographic image using the hologram is also provided, as is a system for generating a color holographic image.

Abstract: The invention relates to a photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator, which comprises first dielectric material columns in an air background, wherein the first dielectric material columns are arranged in the form of two-dimensional square lattice.

Abstract: The present invention relates to systems and methods for minimizing or eliminating diffusion effects. Diffused regions of a segmented flow of multiple, miscible fluid species may be vented off to a waste channel, and non-diffused regions of fluid may be preferentially pulled off the channel that contains the segmented flow. Multiple fluid samples that are not contaminated via diffusion may be collected for analysis and measurement in a single channel. The systems and methods for minimizing or eliminating diffusion effects may be used to minimize or eliminate diffusion effects in a microfluidic system for monitoring the amplification of DNA molecules and the dissociation behavior of the DNA molecules.

Abstract: A method and device for periodically perturbing the flow field within a microfluidic device to provide regular droplet formation at high speed.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to mesogenic media exhibiting a blue phase, comprising two or more components selected from the following components, components A to C, component A comprising one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of formula I-T component B consisting of one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of formula I-N component C consisting of one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of formula I-E wherein the parameters are as specified in the text, preferably stabilized by a polymer, and their use in electro-optical light modulation elements and their respective use in displays, as well as to such displays.

Abstract: An electric-field-sensitive element (1) includes: an optical function layer (5) that includes a metal oxide selected from the group consisting of tin dioxide, titanium dioxide and zinc oxide, and an insulating material covering the metal oxide, the optical function layer (5) having a visible light transmittance that changes through application of an electric field; and a first and second electrode layer (7, 9) that sandwich the optical function layer (5) therebetween.

Abstract: A method for making a cross-linked polymer network is disclosed herein. A mixture is formed of i) an electro-optic chromophore, ii) any of a cross-linkable monomer or a cross-linkable oligomer, and iii) an initiator in a solvent. Poling of the electro-optic chromophore is initiated by exposing the mixture to an electric field. While the mixture is being exposed to the electric field, the mixture is subjected to ultraviolet light or heat to initiate cross-linking of the any of the cross-linkable monomer or the cross-linkable oligomer to form a matrix of the cross-linked polymer network.

Abstract: A radiation-protection device is provided that includes a substrate and a surface structure formed on the substrate. The surface structure has an arrangement and interacts with radiation and the substrate to at least (a) substantially transmit or attenuate radiation at a wavelength and an energy below a threshold energy, and (b) substantially reflect radiation at the wavelength and an energy above the threshold energy.

Abstract: A benzo-fused-heterocyclic elongated dye having a superior molecular hyperpolarizability and yet having an acceptably-low optical absorbance of light near 1550 nm in wavelength, which is an important optical communication band for telecommunication applications.

Abstract: A benzo-fused-heterocyclic elongated dye having a superior molecular hyperpolarizability and yet having an acceptably-low optical absorbance of light near 1550 nm in wavelength, which is an important optical communication band for telecommunication applications.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a biopolymer optical device includes providing a polymer, providing a substrate, casting the polymer on the substrate, and enzymatically polymerizing an organic compound to generate a conducting polymer between the provided polymer and the substrate. The polymer may be a biopolymer such as silk and may be modified using organic compounds such as tyrosines to provide a molecular-level interface between the provided bulk biopolymer of the biopolymer optical device and a substrate or other conducting layer via a tyrosine-enzyme polymerization. The enzymatically polymerizing may include catalyzing the organic compound with peroxidase enzyme reactions. The result is a carbon-carbon conjugated backbone that provides polymeric “wires” for use in polymer and biopolymer optical devices. An all organic biopolymer electroactive material is thereby provided that provides optical functions and features.

Abstract: Disclosed is a light control film comprising: two of transparent conductive resin substrates each having a transparent conductive layer and a transparent resin substrate; and a light control layer interposed between the two transparent conductive resin substrates to be in contact with the transparent conductive layer sides, the light control layer containing: a resin matrix; and a light control suspension dispersed in the resin matrix, wherein the transparent conductive layer contains: an organic binder resin; and a conductive polymer. The present invention can provide a light control film having satisfactory adhesiveness between the light control layer and the transparent conductive layer and having excellent radio wave transparency.

Abstract: There is provided an ink composition for forming a light shielding film in an organic semiconductor device which is capable of stably forming a fine pattern when forming a finely patterned light shielding film by the letterpress reverse printing method or microcontact printing method, which can be baked at a temperature equal to or less than the substrate heatproof temperature, and which is also capable of providing light shielding property and mechanical strength, the ink composition for forming a light shielding film in an organic semiconductor device which is an ink composition for forming a light shielding film in an organic semiconductor device comprising a black pigment; a resin component; a surface energy modifier; a quick-drying organic solvent; a slow-drying organic solvent; and a mold releasing agent, wherein the resin component comprises a solid resin that is in a solid state at 200° C. or less and a liquid resin that is in a liquid state at 10 to 50° C. at a ratio (solid resin/liquid resin) of 0.