Abstract: Described are examples of adjustable focus glasses formed using liquid crystal. A pair of adjustable focus glasses can include a frame and two lenses arranged on the frame. In some examples, at least one of the two lenses is a lens assembly that includes a plano-concave lens, a Fresnel lens, and a liquid crystal layer between the plano-concave lens and the Fresnel lens. The plano-concave lens includes a planar surface and an opposing concave surface. The Fresnel lens includes a Fresnel surface and an opposing convex surface. The planar surface and the Fresnel surface face the liquid crystal layer. The focus position of the lens assembly can be adjusted through changing the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer, using appropriate control signals from an electronic controller. This conveniently allows the adjustable focus glasses to be multi-purpose and suitable for correcting both myopia and hyperopia.

Abstract: An augmented reality (AR) device including a variable focus lens of which a focal length may be changed by adjusting refractive power and adjusting the position of a focus adjustment region of the variable focus lens according to a direction of the user's view. The AR device may obtain an eye vector indicating a direction of the user's view using an eye tracker, adjust a refractive power of a first focus adjustment region of a first variable focus lens to change a focal length for displaying a virtual image, and complementarily adjust a refractive power of a second focus adjustment lens with respect to the adjusted refractive power of the first focus adjustment region.

Abstract: An augmented reality (AR) device including a variable focus lens of which a focal length may be changed by adjusting refractive power and adjusting the position of a focus adjustment region of the variable focus lens according to a direction of the user's view. The AR device may obtain an eye vector indicating a direction of the user's view using an eye tracker, adjust a refractive power of a first focus adjustment region of a first variable focus lens to change a focal length for displaying a virtual image, and complementarily adjust a refractive power of a second focus adjustment lens with respect to the adjusted refractive power of the first focus adjustment region.

Abstract: A technique, comprising: producing at least first and second individual liquid crystal cells, wherein the first and second individual liquid crystal cells each comprise liquid crystal material between a respective pair of support components, and electrical circuitry operable to generate a refractive index pattern in the liquid crystal material; the method comprising adhering together at least the first and second liquid crystal cells to form a stack of liquid crystal cells; wherein the electrical circuitry of the first and second liquid crystal cells is operable together to generate a stack of refractive index patterns in the liquid crystal material of the stack of liquid crystal cells.

Abstract: An electro-active lens is presented which utilizes a surface relief structures and an electro-active material, with a change in refractive index facilitating the change in optical properties. A molded structure and a liquid crystal are used to form a diffractive lens. In addition to the classical approach of utilizing diffractive optics and multiple Fresnel zones to form a lens, an additional structure is placed between Fresnel zones in order to improve the diffraction efficiency across the visible spectrum and reduce chromatic aberration.

Abstract: Microfluidic devices having an electrowetting configuration and an optimized droplet actuation surface are provided. The devices include a conductive substrate having a dielectric layer, a hydrophobic layer covalently bonded to the dielectric layer, and a first electrode electrically coupled to the dielectric layer and configured to be connected to a voltage source. The microfluidic devices also include a second electrode, optionally included in a cover, configured to be connected to the voltage source. The hydrophobic layer features self-associating molecules covalently bonded to a surface of the dielectric layer in a manner that produces a densely-packed monolayer that resists intercalation and or penetration by polar molecules or species.

Abstract: Mobile computer devices and systems for refraction determination of an eye, for example for objective refraction determination and/or subjective refraction determination, are provided. Here, a display of the mobile computer device can be driven to display an image for refraction determination.

Abstract: A spectacle lens for a display device can be fitted on the head of a user and generate an image. A spectacle lens body includes a front side and/or the rear side that are curved, and at least a first and a second partial body, the mutually facing boundary surfaces of which are in direct contact, and as seen in top view onto the spectacle lens, a coupling-in section in an edge area of the spectacle lens and a coupling-out section in a central area of the spectacle lens. The spectacle lens can guide light bundles of pixels of the generated image to the coupling-out section and couple them out of the spectacle lens via the coupling-out section. A flat first reflecting surface and a flat second reflecting surface spaced apart from the first reflecting surface are provided in the spectacle lens body.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a lens material forming a lens. The apparatus also includes a piezoelectric capacitor over the lens material, where the piezoelectric capacitor is configured to change a shape of the lens material in response to a voltage across the piezoelectric capacitor to thereby change a focus of the lens. The apparatus further includes at least one stress compensation ring over a portion of the lens material and over at least a portion of the piezoelectric capacitor. The at least one stress compensation ring is configured to at least partially reduce bending of the lens material caused by stress on or in the lens material.

Abstract: There is disclosed a polarization-modulating element for modulating a polarization state of incident light into a predetermined polarization state, the polarization-modulating element being made of an optical material with optical activity and having a circumferentially varying thickness profile.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the measurement of total organic carbon content in an aqueous stream is disclosed. Absorbance of electromagnetic energy by the aqueous stream is measured in an optical sample cell with pulsed light at a wavelength of 190 nm±10 nm. A value of total organic carbon from the measured absorbance is calculated without absorbance or fluorescence measurement at any other wavelength.

Abstract: Exemplary methods, systems and components enable an enhanced direct-viewing optical device to include customized adjustments that accommodate various optical aberrations of a current user. A real-time adjustment of transformable optical elements is sometimes based on predetermined corrective optical parameters associated with a current user. Customized optical elements are incorporated with the direct-viewing optical device to produce a specified change in optical wavefront at an exit pupil. Possible transformable or replacement optical elements may have refractive and/or reflective and/or diffractive and/or transmissive characteristics that are selected based on current performance viewing factors for a given field of view of the direct-viewing device. Some embodiments enable dynamic repositioning and/or transformation of corrective optical elements responsive to a detected shift of a tracked gaze direction of a current user.

Abstract: A focusing mechanism for focusing a lens module includes a base seat, a movable platform, a positioning assembly, a support bracket and a plurality of arms. The positioning assembly is fixed to the base seat and passes through a center of the movable platform, a lens of the lens module is detachably mounted on the positioning assembly. The support bracket is fixed to the movable platform. A sensor of the lens module is detachably mounted on the support bracket. Each of the plurality of arms rotatably interconnects the movable platform and the base seat, the movable platform drives the support bracket to rotate relative to the positioning assembly to enable the lens to rotate relative to the sensor via a drive of the arms.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes an electro-optical material, a first lens which is arranged at an incident side of the light and is provided so as to correspond to a pixel, and a condenser lens which is arranged at an emitting side of the light and is provided so as to correspond to the pixel. Condensation degrees of the first lens are larger than that of the second lens, and distances between the first lens and the electro-optical material are smaller than distances between the second lens and the electro-optical material.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes a first lens group having a positive refractive power; a second lens group having a negative refractive power; a third lens group including a first sub-lens group having a positive refractive power, an iris, and a second sub-lens group having a positive refractive power; and a fourth lens group having a positive refractive power, wherein the first to fourth lens groups are sequentially arranged from an object side to an image side, the distance between each of the first through fourth lens groups changes when zooming, the surface of the lens closest to the image side in the first sub-lens group is concave, the lens closest to the object side in the second sub-lens group is a meniscus lens concave towards the object side, and the lens located closest to the object side in the third lens group is an aspheric lens.

Abstract: An inspection system includes a first focusing unit configured to perform fast focus changes to a first focusing function applied to an incident light beam. A traveling lens acousto-optic device is arranged to receive the light beam focused by the first focusing function and produce focused spots using a plurality of traveling lenses generated in response to radio frequency signals. The traveling lenses apply a second focusing function and the traveling lens acousto-optic device is arranged to alter the second focusing function at a fast rate. The inspection system also includes optics arranged to direct the focused spots onto an inspected object and to direct radiation from the inspected object to a sensor.

Abstract: The present invention provides an autofocus module including: a supporting base, an electrical focusing element and an conductive element, wherein the supporting base at least accommodates one lens element, the electrical focusing element is disposed at one end of the supporting base so that the electrical focusing element and the lens element are positioned along a common optical lens, and the conductive element is embedded in the supporting base and connected to the electrical focusing element and an external power source respectively. The electrical focusing element obtains power through the conductive element, and by controlling the power magnitude supplied to the electrical focusing element, the focal length thereof can be changed accordingly, thereby carrying out the autofocus operation.

Abstract: Systems and methods for manufacturing electro-active lenses including a peripheral edge, a discrete electro-active region, and at least two substrates. The at least two substrates include a layer of a transparent conductive material, that is laser cut to isolate regions required for establishing an electrical connection between the peripheral edge of the lens, from regions not required for establishing an electrical connection. Isolating the regions of the transparent conductive material required for establishing an electrical connection may include cutting patterns around an electrode of each of the substrates. The regions not required for establishing an electrical connection may be further cut into sections, which may be substantially band-shaped.

Abstract: Exemplary methods, systems and components enable an enhanced direct-viewing optical device to include customized adjustments that accommodate various optical aberrations of a current user. A real-time adjustment of transformable optical elements is sometimes based on predetermined corrective optical parameters associated with a current user. Customized optical elements are incorporated with the direct-viewing optical device to produce a specified change in optical wavefront at an exit pupil. Possible transformable or replacement optical elements may have refractive and/or reflective and/or diffractive and/or transmissive characteristics that are selected based on current performance viewing factors for a given field of view of the direct-viewing device. Some embodiments enable dynamic repositioning and/or transformation of corrective optical elements responsive to a detected shift of a tracked gaze direction of a current user.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention are directed to dynamically and electronically reconfigurable optical devices that can be operated as a lens or prism for incident beams of electromagnetic radiation. The optical devices include a phase-modulation layer (1501) disposed between first and second nanowire layers (1502,1503). Overlapping nanowires can be electronically addressed to implement a selected effective refractive index pattern of one or more regions (1510) of the phase-modulation layer, such that each region refracts a portion of an incident beam of electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of interest in order to focus, diverge, or bend the incident beam.

Abstract: A lens system is presented having a diffractive optical power region. The diffractive optical power region has a plurality of concentric surface relief diffractive structures. A greater portion of light incident on a diffractive structure near the center point contributes to the optical power than light incident on a diffractive structure peripherally spaced therefrom.

Abstract: A focusing mechanism for focusing a lens module includes a base seat, a movable platform, a positioning assembly, a support bracket and a plurality of arms. The positioning assembly is fixed to the base seat and passes through a center of the movable platform, a lens of the lens module is detachably mounted on the positioning assembly. The support bracket is fixed to the movable platform. A sensor of the lens module is detachably mounted on the support bracket. Each of the plurality of arms rotatably interconnects the movable platform and the base seat, the movable platform drives the support bracket to rotate relative to the positioning assembly to enable the lens to rotate relative to the sensor via a drive of the arms.

Abstract: An electro-active optical cell is described including a layer of electro-active material, a front glass substrate member, and a back glass substrate member. The optical cell is capable of independently providing changeable optical power with the application of an electrical potential. The cell is also configured to be affixed to an external surface of a plastic substrate and to provide the changeable optical power, with at least one of the front substrate or the back substrate of the optical cell being an outermost optical layer. The layer of electro-active material may have a thickness less than 10 ?m, and the glass substrate members may each have a thickness approximately between 20 ?m and 500 ?m.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus is provided that can quickly provide an image in which a main portion has a high image quality.

Abstract: An optically powered optical modulator comprises an optical modulation component, such as an electro-optical modulator, acousto-optic modulator or magneto-optic modulator, in combination with one or two lens assemblies positioned at one or both apertures of the optical modulation component, so that the optical modulator formed by the combination of the lens assembly or assemblies and the optical modulation component has optical focus power.

Abstract: A leaky travelling wave array of optical elements provide a solar wavelength rectenna.

Abstract: An inspection system includes a first focusing unit configured to perform fast focus changes to a first focusing function applied to an incident light beam. A traveling lens acousto-optic device is arranged to receive the light beam focused by the first focusing function and produce focused spots using a plurality of traveling lenses generated in response to radio frequency signals. The traveling lenses apply a second focusing function and the traveling lens acousto-optic device is arranged to alter the second focusing function at a fast rate. The inspection system also includes optics arranged to direct the focused spots onto an inspected object and to direct radiation from the inspected object to a sensor.

Abstract: Provided is an exposure apparatus including a variable focusing device. The variable focusing device may include a transparent membrane that may be deformed in the presence of an electric field. The deformation of the transparent membrane may allow the focus length of a radiation beam to be modified. In an embodiment, the variable focusing device may be modulated such that a radiation beam having a first focus length is provided for a first position on an exposure target and a radiation beam having a second focus length is provided for a second position on the exposure target. A method and computer-readable medium are also provided.

Abstract: A focus enhancing electromagnetic wave propagating device includes a main body formed with a main wave-propagating structure (MS) for focusing an electromagnetic wave into a focusing light spot, and an auxiliary wave-propagating channel (AC) for allowing the wave to propagate toward the focusing light spot. A phase difference is present between the wave after traveling through the MS at its exit end and the wave after traveling through the AC at its exit opening, such that constructive interference is generated at the focusing light spot therebetween. The required phase difference is a function of a distance between the focusing light spot and the exit end of the MS, a distance between the focusing light spot and the exit opening of the AC, velocities of the wave after traveling through each of the MS and the AC, and angular frequencies of the wave after traveling through each of the MS and the AC.

Abstract: An autofocus imaging apparatus (200) for three-dimensional imaging on a surface of a flexible media mounted on a cylindrical drum (104) includes a carriage (210) which moves parallel to a surface of the drum and an imaging stage (208) mounted on the carriage. The imaging stage includes a displacement sensor (112) for measuring a distance to the surface of the flexible media; imaging optics (216) for producing a three-dimensional image on the flexible media; and an autofocus drive (220) for changing a focus of the imaging optics. Encoders (256, 260) provide data on the drum and carriage position. A controller (116) receives and processes data from the displacement sensor and the encoders. A computer (236) receives data from the controller, processes controller data, and transmits instructions to the controller. The controller receives computer instructions and transmits focus commands to the autofocus drive or the imaging stage.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention are directed to systems and methods for obtaining images of objects with higher resolution than the diffraction limit. In one aspect, a method for collecting evanescent waves scattered from an object comprises electronically configuring a reconfigurable device to operate as a grating for one or more lattice periods using a computing device. Propagating waves scattered from the object pass through the reconfigurable device and a portion of evanescent waves scattered from the object are projected into the far field of the object. The method includes detecting propagating waves and detecting the portion of evanescent waves projected into the far field for each lattice period using an imaging system.

Abstract: A varifocal optical system includes a substantially circular membrane deposited on a substrate, and a ring-shaped PZT thin film deposited on the outer portion of the circular membrane. The membrane may be a MEMS-micromachined membrane, made of thermal oxide, polysilicon, ZrO2 and SiO2. The membrane is initially in a buckled state, and may function as a mirror or a lens. Application of an electric voltage between an inner and outer electrode on the piezoelectric thin film induces a lateral strain on the PZT thin film, thereby altering the curvature of the membrane, and thus its focal length. Focal length tuning speeds as high as 1 MHz have been demonstrated. Tuning ranges of several hundred microns have been attained. The varifocal optical system can be used in many applications that require rapid focal length tuning, such as optical switching, scanning confocal microscopy, and vibration compensation in optical storage disks.

Abstract: To provide a variable-focal length lens capable of altering its focal length at high speed. The variable-focal length lens has an electrooptic material and electrodes formed on an incident surface of light and on an exit surface of the light of the electrooptic material. An optical axis is set so that the light is inputted into a gap where the electrodes of the incident surface are not formed and is outputted from a gap where the electrodes of the exit surface are not formed. A focus of the light that is transmitted through the electrooptic material becomes variable by varying an applied voltage between the electrodes of the incident surface and the electrodes of the exit surface.

Abstract: The present invention provides optical systems, devices and methods which utilize one or more electroactive films to adjust an optical parameter of the optical device/system.

Abstract: A lens is provided, comprising a lens body. According to an embodiment, the lens body comprises at least one portion of electroactive material.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention are directed to systems and methods for obtaining images of objects with higher resolution than the diffraction limit. In one aspect, a method for collecting evanescent waves scattered from an object comprises electronically configuring a reconfigurable device to operate as a grating for one or more lattice periods using a computing device. Propagating waves scattered from the object pass through the reconfigurable device and a portion of evanescent waves scattered from the object are projected into the far field of the object. The method includes detecting propagating waves and detecting the portion of evanescent waves projected into the far field for each lattice period using an imaging system.

Abstract: To provide a variable-focal length lens capable of altering its focal length at high speed. The variable-focal length lens has an electrooptic material and electrodes formed on an incident surface of light and on an exit surface of the light of the electrooptic material. An optical axis is set so that the light is inputted into a gap where the electrodes of the incident surface are not formed and is outputted from a gap where the electrodes of the exit surface are not formed. A focus of the light that is transmitted through the electrooptic material becomes variable by varying an applied voltage between the electrodes of the incident surface and the electrodes of the exit surface.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention are directed to dynamically and electronically reconfigurable optical devices that can be operated as a lens or prism for incident beams of electromagnetic radiation. The optical devices include a phase-modulation layer (1501) disposed between first and second nanowire layers (1502,1503). Overlapping nanowires can be electronically addressed to implement a selected effective refractive index pattern of one or more regions (1510) of the phase-modulation layer, such that each region refracts a portion of an incident beam of electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of interest in order to focus, diverge, or bend the incident beam.

Abstract: An optical transmission system (1) alters quantity of incident light by reflecting an optical signal by a micro mirror (11) to enter an optical fiber (13) and by controlling an angle of the micro mirror (11), so that attenuation of the optical signal is controlled. An optical filter (14) is disposed between the micro mirror (11) and the optical fiber (13), for correcting a relationship between a control angle or control voltage of the micro mirror (11) and attenuation of the optical signal to be close to a linear relationship.

Abstract: A lens is provided, comprising a lens body. According to an embodiment, the lens body comprises at least one portion of electroactive material.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to an electro-active optic incorporating a blend region between two regions each having different optical properties.

Abstract: A camera system is disclosed which allows different types of lens apparatuses to be used in combination with a single image-taking apparatus without requiring changes of focus control signals on the side of the image-taking apparatus depending on the type of a lens apparatus mounted on the image-taking apparatus. The camera system includes an image-taking apparatus which outputs a focus control signal and a lens apparatus which includes a focus lens and is mounted on the image-taking apparatus. The lens apparatus includes a controller which produces a drive signal according to a type of focus of the lens apparatus based on the focus control signal and controls drive of the focus lens based on the drive signal.

Abstract: Provided are an electro-optical split image focusing apparatus and method through which an in-focus position of a photographed plane with respect to the image of a subject can be detected with accuracy and speed. The apparatus comprises at least one electro-optical element disposed along an optical axis between a subject and a photographed plane. The electro-optical element is characterized by a refractive index that varies with distance along a perpendicular to the optical axis when a voltage is applied. An image of the subject is transmitted toward the photographed plane through the electro-optical element.

Abstract: A microelectromechanical systems device fabricated on a pre-patterned substrate having grooves formed therein. A lower electrode is deposited over the substrate and separated from an orthogonal upper electrode by a cavity. The upper electrode is configured to be movable to modulate light. A semi-reflective layer and a transparent material are formed over the movable upper electrode.

Abstract: An electro-wetting device is provided that can prevent deterioration of withstand voltage characteristics due to use of a high-dielectric constant film, thereby ensuring an insulating structure having high reliability. The electro-wetting device includes a conductive first liquid, an insulating second liquid, a transparent substrate and a cover body defining a liquid room for accommodating therein the first and second liquids, an electrode layer formed on a surface, on the liquid room side, of the transparent substrate, and an insulating layer formed on a surface of the electrode layer. The insulating layer has a lamination structure of a first insulating film made of an insulating inorganic crystalline material, and a second insulating film made of an insulating inorganic amorphous material, which results in that surface irregularities of the first insulating film is relaxed by the second insulating film, and thus the low voltage drive is possible.

Abstract: A microelectromechanical systems device fabricated on a pre-patterned substrate having grooves formed therein. A lower electrode is deposited over the substrate and separated from an orthogonal upper electrode by a cavity. The upper electrode is configured to be movable to modulate light. A semi-reflective layer and a transparent material are formed over the movable upper electrode.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electro-optic unit. A lens unit disposed at an upper portion of a display panel has a plurality of lens part. An electro-optic unit is disposed between a display panel and a lens unit, and includes an electro-optic material layer formed as a graded refractive index lens in an electric field. A display device shows a two-dimensional and a three-dimensional image according to a mode of the electro-optic unit. A driving part may form the graded refractive index lens to have the same pitch as the pitch of the lens part. The graded refractive index lens may be formed as a convex lens or a Fresnel lens. The electro-optic unit is displayed to form the Fresnel lens. A driving method enhancing mode conversion velocity of the electro-optic unit is displayed.

Abstract: An electro-active lens has a first substrate with a surface relief diffractive topological profile and a second substrate positioned opposite to the first substrate having a substantially smooth topological profile. A first electrode is positioned along the surface relief diffractive topological profile of the first substrate and a second electrode is positioned between the first electrode and the second substrate. The smallest distance between the electrodes is less than or equal to about 1 micron An electro-active material is positioned between the first and second electrodes and a first insulating layer is positioned between the first and second electrodes.

Abstract: A lens is presented in which the lens includes a substrate and an electrode layer. The electrode layer is positioned upon the substrate. The electrode layer has radially alternating rings of electrodes and resistive material. When voltage is applied across two adjacent electrodes the profile of the electric field therebetween is linear. When voltage is applied to the rings of electrodes, the optical phase profile of the lens closely approximates the optical phase of ideal spherical aberration correction.

Abstract: An optical assembly includes a zone plate and electro-optic material disposed on one side of the zone plate. The electro-optic material's index of refraction is controlled to adjust the optical properties of the optical assembly.