Abstract: A biochemical substance is efficiently observed with focusing accurately and rapidly on the substance disposed on an inside of a container. A focusing mark, which is used as a reference when a focal point of an optical system is adjusted, is disposed on the outside of a transparent bottom of each well in a micro plate. A focus-shift-distance corresponding to a distance between the mark and a desired position to be observed is determined. The optical system focuses on the mark, and then, the focal point the optical system is shifted by the focus-shift-distance. This shift allows an object to be focused on accurately and rapidly even when unclear images are obtained.

Abstract: A single cell isolation apparatus is provided having a base plate with at least one micromachined well therein, a micromachined membrane, and a housing for holding the other components of the apparatus. The apparatus also may include a gel deposited above the base plate, a second membrane intermediate the base plate and the gel, and a filter above the gel, with the micromachined membrane being above the filter. Each micromachined well associated with the apparatus has a tapered sidewall, with the upper diameter corresponding to the average size of the type of cell attempting to be isolated through the use of the apparatus, and a lower diameter which is less than the upper diameter. The gel component of the apparatus is a nitrocellulose gel. The filter is permeable to cellular products, and preferably is fabricated from paper. The second membrane provides fluid for the gel necessary for maintaining the gel's physical properties.

Abstract: A drive mechanism includes a fine-movement ring provided at each of both ends of a fine-movement coupling shaft, disposed outside each of rough-movement handles, and having a smaller outside diameter than an outside diameter of each of the rough-movement handles, and a fine-movement handle detachably attached to at least one of the fine-movement rings.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for preventing excessive closure between a retractable tip objective and the stage of a microscope which includes positioning a sensor in the turret of a microscope, which sensor is capable of detecting excessive retracting of the retractable tip into the body of the objective, and providing a controller for monitoring the sensor for such excessive retracting and issuing an alert in response to the detection of an event of such excessive retracting. The alert may be made by way of an audio output, or by a visual cue or both. Extinguishing the lamp of the microscope is a preferred visual cue, as the excessive retracting of the retractable tip is generally caused by a focusing error, and the extinguishing of the light source reduces or eliminates the ability of the user of the microscope to focus the microscope, thus attracting his or her attention.

Abstract: The invention describes a focusing drive for optical instruments that has, in addition to a pinion (1) and toothed rack arrangement (1, 2), slide rods (4) as guidance means for continuously changing the relative position of optical assemblies with respect to one another. The toothed rack (2) has a plurality of support elements (3) that are arranged—for example in angled fashion—on either side of its longitudinal extent. The support elements (3) are designed so that they have a shallow S-shape in cross section. In addition, they are dimensioned in such a way that they touch the contact surface of the one housing module (5) only with their planar end regions (3a). The result is a resilient or flexing motion upon actuation of the pinion (1), thus achieving smooth and zero-backlash adjustment.

Abstract: A method for detecting the maximum quantity of possible positions of an exchangeable nosepiece or slide in a microscope system is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of: starting from an initial position which corresponds to a first position, adjusting the maximum position; comparing the maximum position to a position registered in a memory; and storing the results of the comparison.

Abstract: A drive mechanism includes a fine-movement ring provided at each of both ends of a fine-movement coupling shaft, disposed outside each of rough-movement handles, and having a smaller outside diameter than an outside diameter of each of the rough-movement handles, and a fine-movement handle detachably attached to at least one of the fine-movement rings.

Abstract: A positioning device and method for positioning objects is provided. The device includes a movable stage and a pair of levers. The pair of levers is symmetric about a first axis of the movable stage. Additionally, the pair of levers is parallel to a second axis of the movable stage. This second axis is perpendicular to the first axis. Each of the pair of levers applies a force to the movable stage. Each of the pair of levers moves in an arc. The two levers move in opposite directions along their respective arc. The two arcs are symmetrical about an axis of the movable stage.

Abstract: A microscope for inspecting a semiconductor wafer includes an optical unit including objective lenses and oculars for observing the semiconductor wafer; a display unit for magnifying and displaying an image of the semiconductor wafer observed by the optical unit; a sample piece stage holding the semiconductor wafer; a stage moving unit for moving the semiconductor wafer in an x-axis direction, a y-axis direction or a z-axis direction; a stage rotation unit for rotating the semiconductor wafer in a horizontal direction; a stage tilting unit for tilting the semiconductor wafer; and a controller for controlling operation of the microscope.

Abstract: The invention concerns a holder (1) for positioning a specimen slide (2) on a microscope stage (7), having a baseplate (3), retainable on the microscope stage (7), in which is configured, for reception of the specimen slide (2), an opening (3a) comprising flat support surfaces (3b) and at least one abutment surface (3c), extending substantially perpendicular to the support surface (3b), for the specimen slide (2); and having at least one spring element (4) with which, by means of a compressive force (F) acting substantially horizontally, the specimen slide (2) arranged in the opening (3a) of the baseplate (3) can be pressed against the at least one abutment surface (3c) of the opening (3a).

Abstract: A Z-axis stage for use in, e.g., an orthogonal motion microscope stage, includes a carrier plate, an actuator plate, and a base. Three or more upper camming elements with downwardly directed camming surfaces are mounted to the underside of the carrier plate using a semi-kinematic mounting technique. Three or more lower camming elements with upwardly directed camming surfaces are mounted to the top surface of the base using a semi-kinematic mounting technique. The actuator plate includes apertures to accommodate the lower camming elements and the upper and lower camming surfaces of adjacent camming elements are mated. Linear slides are interposed between the mated camming surfaces and the lower camming elements and the base. Movement of the actuator plate in an X-Y reference plane translates into movement of the carrier plate along the Z-axis (i.e., the optical axis) in response to the relative, sliding motion of the mated camming elements.

Abstract: A carriage adapted for carrying a laboratory instrument such as a pipette, electrode, or syringe is driven by a drive shaft in the form of a lead screw. The lead screw is selectively driven by a high speed drive wheel or by a low speed drive wheel. The drive wheels are coaxially mounted around the drive shaft and concentrically and coaxially arranged with respect to one another. The drive shaft and the two drive wheels all rotate in unison in the same rotary direction.

Abstract: An inverted microscope has a microscope base, a stage, an observation optical system, a stage support structure which is arranged on the microscope base and supports the stage, and a switching structure having a plurality of objective lenses and capable of inserting one of the objective lenses into an optical path of the observation optical system selectively. A support structure is fixed to a lower surface of the stage and supports the switching structure for movement in an optical axis direction of the objective lens inserted in the optical path of the observation optical system.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods that improve the depth resolution of confocal microscopy images using out-of-focus information from within the focal plane of interest (from the x-y direction) and/or from planes above and below the focal plane of interest (from the z-direction). The interaction of (a) a reflective surface or other light-emanating material and (b) the PSF formed by a confocal microscope results in “out-of-focus” information in, above and below the focal plane; this “out-of-focus” information can be measured. Comparing the measurements in the x-y plane, preferably at a plurality of z-positions, can improve the resolution along each of the x, y, and z-axes, increase the number of the photons used in the system, thus improving the signal to noise ratio, and help correct for aberrations, such as spherical aberrations or other optical aberrations, in the optical system of a microscope.

Abstract: A position adjusting means is provided at an outer periphery of an objective lens opposite to an observation sample and the observation sample is moved by the position adjusting means in an optical axis direction of the objective lens to set a focal point of the objective lens to the observation sample.

Abstract: A stereoscopic microscope comprises a body tube provided with an objective lens, a base provided with a stage on which a sample as an object to be observed is mounted, a guide mechanism for driving the body tube to change a distance between the body tube and the sample for conducting a focusing operation, a focus driving unit for transmitting the driving force to a movable portion of the guide mechanism, and a focus operating unit which can be operated externally for giving the driving force to the focus driving unit in order to drive the guide mechanism. The guide mechanism is placed on one end of the base, the focus driving unit is placed inside the base, and the focus operating unit is placed on the other end of the base.

Abstract: A microscope slide having a well formed therein, wherein the well is filled with culture media. The slide is designed for on-site collection, staining, and viewing of cells in biological fluid and tissue samples, preferably with an epi-fluorescence microscope. This novel slide permits point-of-care screening in a matter of minutes of any biological fluid or tissue sample for presence of infectious agents, after which, the slide can be transported to a central lab for culture and/or definitive identification.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for efficiently observing a biochemical substance with focusing accurately and rapidly on the substance disposed on an inside of a container is provided. A focusing mark, which is used as a reference when a focal point of an optical system is adjusted, is disposed on the outside of a transparent bottom of each wells in a micro plate. A focus-shift-distance corresponding to a distance between the mark and a desired position to be observed is determined. The optical system focuses on the mark, and then, the focal point the optical system is shifted by the focus-shift-distance. This shift allows an object to be focused on accurately and rapidly even when unclear images are obtained.

Abstract: A microscope collision protection apparatus for a remote control microscope which protects the optical and associated components from damage in the event of an uncontrolled collision with a specimen, regardless of the specimen size or shape. In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus includes a counterbalanced slide for mounting the microscope's optical components. This slide replaces the rigid mounts on conventional upright microscopes with a precision ball bearing slide. As the specimen contacts an optical component, the contacting force will move the slide and the optical components mounted thereon. This movement will protect the optical and associated components from damage as the movement causes a limit switch to be actuated, thereby stopping all motors responsible for the collision.

Abstract: An upright microscope comprises a microscope main body constituted of a base unit and a stand unit extending upright from the rear end of the base unit. An observation optical system comprising an objective lens and an eyepiece lens is provided at the microscope main body. A stage on which a test piece is placed is assembled into an elevator unit which is caused to move up and down by focusing knobs as an integrated part. The test piece is illuminated by a lamp from below the stage. A recessed portion is formed at the base unit and the lamp is disposed at the recessed portion. The lamp is concealed by a lid member that is attached/detached by sliding over the recessed portion. When the lid member is slid and moved off the base unit, the lamp becomes exposed. As a result, the lamp can be replaced easily.

Abstract: An inverted microscope has a microscope base, a stage, an observation optical system having an objective lens, a stage support member which is arranged on the microscope base and supports the stage at two ends, and a change member which can change the level position of the stage with respect to the microscope base.

Abstract: A microscope frame structure having a front brace for added stability and having a dual plate structure. The front brace is rigidly coupled to the front ends of an upper portion and a base portion. The upper portion then carries optical elements such as a camera for instance. In effect, the optical elements thus reside on a bridge structure, with substantially the same structural support at both ends of the bridge. The arrangement is particularly useful in automated specimen imaging and analysis systems. The dual frame is composed of an upper plate, which supports a sample, a lower plate which contacts an elevating screw, and a spacer post in between the upper plate and lower plate. This configuration allows for more stable movement of samples.

Abstract: Microscopes, including viewing and other microscopic systems, employ a hinged, tiltable plane to adjust focus on an object such as a microscope slide. A scanning microscope under computer control, employing such a focusing action, enables unattended scanning of biochips with a simple and economical instrument. Also shown are flexure-mounting of a support plate to define the hinge axis, techniques for automatically determining position and focus, and a rotatably oscillating flying micro-objective scanner combined with the tilting plane focus system. Construction and control techniques are shown that realize simple and accurate focusing. Methods of examination of biological materials are disclosed. Simple and efficient focused scanning with a flying micro-objective of ordered arrays of nucleotides and nucleic acid fragments carried upon a microscope slide or other substrate is discovered.

Abstract: A microscope having a mirror for deflecting light from an illumination light source in a direction of an objective lens and illuminating a specimen via a condenser lens disposed above the mirror includes a stage support which is mounted on the upper surface of a base portion to permanently hold a stage, on which a specimen is placed, with respect to the optical axis direction of the objective lens, a condenser body mounted on the upper surface of the base portion, a condenser lens holding member for holding the condenser body, an elevating mechanism for vertically moving the condenser lens holding member, and a focusing mechanism for moving the objective lens in the optical axis direction.

Abstract: An inverted microscope has a microscope base, a stage, an observation optical system having an objective lens, a stage support member which is arranged on the microscope base and supports the stage at two ends, and a change member which can change the level position of the stage with respect to the microscope base.

Abstract: An active optical image enhancer for a microscope, and a method of enhancing an image for a microscope, are provided. The image enhancer has a tube for attachment to a microscope. Photo-detector elements are disposed on an end of the tube remote from an end thereof that is attachable to the microscope. Lens elements are disposed in or on the tube between the photo-detector elements and the end of the tube that is attachable to the microscope. The optical path length of the tube is adjustable via an appropriate device.

Abstract: A microscope is disclosed with a stage which is adjustable in coordinates X, Y and/or Z, with a drive for stage adjustment and with a control circuit for presetting different adjusting speeds. In a microscope of the type mentioned above, a device is provided for showing the given adjusting speed during the adjustment of the stage in at least one of coordinates X, Y, Z. Therefore, it is advantageously possible during the adjustment and/or programming of the microscope to visually perceive the adjusting speed or to display speed gradations which are not otherwise detectable in the eyepiece.

Abstract: A system for facilitating microscope-based specimen analysis is disclosed. The system includes an improved optical microscope, which may be used, in one application, to analyze cell and tissue samples from specimens obtained from patients, to facilitate inspection of suspicious materials and identification of atypical or abnormal cells and further expert review. The system includes a motorized plate, an automatic focusing sub-system, an improved light source, an improved simple plug connector for direct hookup of the microscope to an external computer, and an electronic image capturing and analyzing sub-system for automatic scanning of the sample and for electronic capture and storage of images indicative of the specimen.

Abstract: A fine-focusing stage for microscopes, with an object carrier (1) , a holder (2) for the object carrier (1) and a positioning mechanism (3) adjusting the support in its horizontal position. In order to achieve parallel vertical displacement of the object carrier (1) using simple methods of construction the invention is so designed that the holder (2) comprises a mounting portion (4) preferably for mounting on an object stage or on the microscope and a connecting portion (5) with the object carrier, and articulated parallel arms (8,9) through bending elements (6,7) extend between the mounting portion (4) and the connecting portion (5).

Abstract: An optical-path-difference automatic focusing apparatus for a microscope uses four automatic focusing control modes including an object search mode in which an object to be observed is searched for, a rough focus mode in which the object is brought to a roughly focused position with a lower accuracy of focusing, a front and back defocus sensing mode in which the degrees of front and back focusing of the object in at least a front and a back place with respect to the roughly focused position in the rough focus mode, and a fine focus mode in which the degree of focusing of the object with a higher accuracy of focusing is approximated linearly on the basis of the degrees of front and back focusing determined in the front and back defocus sensing mode and the object is brought to the focused position. Use of those modes realizes a highly reliable automatic focusing apparatus for a microscope capable of achieving a higher accuracy of focusing, regardless of the change of the optical condition.

Abstract: A machine, method and medium for implementing functions using an input device in a manner that enhances efficient operation of a mechanism capable of operating in at least two states. The functions are implemented via a convenient input device, such as a mouse. One or more specified actuators of the input device implement a given function when the mechanism is in a first state, while at least one of those actuators implements a different function when the mechanism is in a second state. In embodiments of the present invention contemplating that the mechanism is a microscope system, two states in which the microscope system is envisioned to operate are a scan state and a pause state. The scan state allows the microscope system to execute a pre-defined scan sequence, while the pause state allows the microscope system to pause from that sequence.

Abstract: An electrically-driven coarse and fine movement apparatus comprises a movable member, a driving device for driving the movable member, a first operation handle, a first rotary shaft fixed to the first operation handle, a second operation handle, disposed coaxially with the first operation handle, for rotating the first rotary shaft, a rotation restricting member for restricting a rotation of the second operation handle, which is accompanied with the rotation of the first operation handle, a rotation detector for detecting a rotational quantity and a rotational direction of the first rotary shaft, a discriminating device, linked to the second operation handle, for judging whether the second operation handle is operated or not to output a judging signal, and a controlling circuit for controlling the driving device so as to provide the movable member with a coarse movement in accordance with an operation of one operation handle of the first and second operation handles and to provide the movable member with a fi

Abstract: The invention relates to an operating microscope provided with at least one motor for a magnification adjustment (zoom 1), a distance or focus adjustment (focus 6), an X adjustment or canting (7) and a Y adjustment or tilt (8), in which the zoom adjustment serves as setting signal for the focus, the X and/or the Y adjustment both as to position as well as to speed (FIG. 1).

Abstract: A micromachined xyz stage, and microscopes utilizing such a stage, are disclosed. The xyz stage includes co-planar x- and y-drive means linked to a sample stage. Such x- and y- drive means are operable to position the sample stage in an x-y plane. The xyz stage further includes z-drive operable to moves the sample stage out of the x-y plane. The z-drive can be implemented by suspending a flat-plate electrode over the sample stage using hinged plate supports. As a voltage is applied across the plate electrode and the sample stage, an electrostatic force is generated, causing the sample stage to move towards the plate electrode. The hinged plate supports facilitate assembly of the z-drive, in addition to providing support for it in its assembled configuration. By incorporating an optical fiber, the aperture of which has be drawn down to submicron size, a near-field scanning optical microscope can be formed.

Abstract: A stereo microscope arrangement includes an objective used in common, at least a first and a second pair of stereoscopic observation beam paths and an illuminating unit with at least one deflecting element that deflects illuminating light in the direction of the object plane. The illuminating unit is arranged so that it can be mounted in at least two different positions relative to the stereoscopic beam paths. Accordingly, optimized illuminating conditions can be selectively placed at the disposal of the main observer or the co-observer.

Abstract: An indirect ophthalmoscopy lens system includes a contact lens device and a separate image erecting component. The contact lens device includes a first holder, a contact lens element having a concave posterior surface for placement on a cornea of a patient's eye and a first image forming lens system located anterior of the contact lens element and cooperating with the contact lens element for focussing light emanating from the retina of the patient's eye for forming a real, inverted, aerial image of the patient's retina anterior of the first image forming lens system. The first holder mounts the contact lens element and the first image forming lens system in a fixed relationship to one another.

Abstract: An erect movable objective lens type optical microscope includes a frame, an observation optical portion having an objective lens, a stage portion, a moving mechanism, and a vibration synchronizing mechanism. The observation optical portion is movably provided on the frame, and the stage portion is fixedly provided on the frame. The stage portion includes a specimen moving stage, and a stationary stage adapted to receive a manipulator for manipulating a specimen provided on the specimen moving stage. The moving mechanism is provided on the frame for moving the observation optical portion and the stage portion relative to each other, and the vibration synchronizing mechanism is provided for synchronizing a vibration system of the stationary stage and a vibration system of the specimen moving stage.

Abstract: A microscope for observing a specimen immersed in an immersion liquid within a specimen container includes an objective lens and utilizes a sealed container containing a second liquid that has substantially the same refractive index as the immersion liquid. The sealed container is positioned between the objective lens and the specimen. Alternatively, the microscope for observing the specimen immersed in the immersion liquid can utilize a container opening toward the objective lens. A method of observing the specimen includes the steps of positioning a container containing a liquid, with substantially the same refractive index as an immersion liquid within a specimen container, between a microscope objective lens and the specimen and observing the specimen through the objective lens.

Abstract: A microscope capable of being fitted with a strap includes a microscope unit incorporating an optical system, a focusing unit supporting the microscope unit and movable to focus the optical system on an object to be observed, and a stage serving as a sustainer base for sustaining the microscope through the focusing unit. The focusing unit is provided with a strap fitting portion.

Abstract: A drive system for the conversion of a rotary motion into a linear motion contains a belt drive similar to a block and pulley system, and a system of a rack and pinion that is driven synchronously with the belt drive. The pinion and the rack are adjusted with respect to each other such that the teeth of the pinion engage with relatively large play in the rack. When driving under normal load, the drive takes place without loading of the rack and pinion system by the belt drive, so that the reversal backlash and the play of the rack and pinion system remain without effect on the displacement motion. When an overloading of the moving part and a corresponding stretching of the drive belt occur, the tooth flanks of the pinion and of the rack are supported against each other and in this manner prevent tearing or overloading of the drive belt.

Abstract: A high accuracy, orthogonal motion stage for microscopes and the like uses three frames for orthogonal motion. The lower most frame has provided thereon a series of downwardly depending ramps. An actuator plate having correspondingly positioned, upwardly directed ramps is translated with respect to the lower most frame to raise and lower the frames.

Abstract: A gear unit (1) for focusing microscopes and having coarse adjustment, fine adjustment and extra-fine adjustment is described, in which, for the purpose of focusing, the object stage (5) is moved via a toothed gear (6). Coaxially arranged control knobs (7, 8) are provided on the microscope as manual control elements. The control knobs (7, 8) are connected via a drive shaft (9) and the gear unit (1) to a toothed rack (10) of the object stage. The control knob (7) for fine adjustment is provided on a rotation shaft (11) arranged so as to be capable of longitudinal displacement. Arranged on this rotation shaft (11) are at least two gear wheels (12, 13) of different diameter for fine adjustment and extra-fine adjustment. One of the gear wheels (12, 13) is connected to the gear unit (1) via the longitudinal displacement of the rotation axis (11).

Abstract: A slide mechanism combined rough and fine adjustment in micromanipulator comprising an inside slider 30 provided with a rough adjustment female screw 30a in axial direction slidably fitted in recessed grooves 12a of a basic outside slider 12 in axial direction, a rough adjustment screw shaft 31 fitted into the rough adjustment female screw 30a of the inside slider 30, a fine adjustment inside slider 32 fixing the basic end part of the rough adjustment screw shaft 31 and provided with a fine adjustment female screw 32b, a rough adjustment bearing metal and concurrently fine adjustment outside slider 20 to fit and support the fine adjustment inside slider 32 non-rotatively but movably in axial direction in a through hole provided in axial direction, a fine adjustment screw shaft 33 to fit in the fine adjustment female screw 32b of the fine adjustment inside slider 32, an annular rough adjustment operation handle 23 to rotate the rough adjustment bearing metal and concurrently fine adjustment outside slider 20,

Abstract: To provide a surgical microscope comprising a microscope collimator for enabling the operator to easily recognize the swivel center of the microscope body regardless of what position the microscope body moves for easy setting of the swivel center point of the microscope body, a surgical microscope pivotally supporting a microscope body having, an observation optical system with one point on an observation optical axis of the microscope body as the swivel center. The surgical microscope comprises index projectors as swivel center visible indicators being capable of recognizing the swivel center. This configuration enables the operator to easily recognize the swivel center of the microscope body for easy setting of the swivel center point of the microscope body.

Abstract: An electric revolver apparatus of a microscope comprises a revolver holding a plurality of objective lenses, a drive device for driving and braking the revolver based on a command signal from the outside of the electric revolver apparatus, a detection device for detecting a predetermined amount of rotation of the revolver and outputting a detection signal to brake the drive device, and a delay circuit for delaying the detection signal for a predetermined period of time and outputting it to the outside to delay the brake starting time of the drive device based on the command signal from the outside.

Abstract: The invention relates to a one-hand control unit for controlling movements in optical instruments. The control unit corresponds in its configuration essentially to a computer mouse and has a mouse roller ball 2 on its lower side, an additional rotational transducer 3 at the thumb position and two or three keys (5, 6, 7) on the side of the mouse lying opposite to the rotational transducer 3. The keys (5, 6, 7) are for actuation by the middle finger, index finger and little finger, respectively. The mouse roller ball 2 and the rotational transducer 3 preferably function to drive continuously movable elements such as the illuminating field diaphragm 13, the aperture diaphragm 12, the motorized focus 20 or a motorized object stage 21. The keys (4, 5, 6, 7) are provided for driving discretely adjustable elements such as the objective-lens turret 14 or the incident-light reflector turret 15 or for switching over between coarse drive and fine drive for a motor-driven focus drive.

Abstract: A device for stabilizing the focus in a microscope (1) is described which has an objective (2) and a specimen stage (3), constructed in a movable fashion, for the purpose of setting the focus. The specimen stage (3) is constructed such that it can be moved via a toothed rack (4) and a drive gear (5) along the optical axis (22) of the objective (2). When the microscope (1) is heated by integrated electronic components (6) and/or an illuminating device (7), the body (13) of the microscope expands, and the microscope (1) is thereby defocused. Two rods (8 and 9) connected to one another, which have a different thermal expansion, are arranged between the toothed rack (4) and the specimen stage (3) for the purpose of compensating for the defocusing.

Abstract: A stage driving apparatus comprises a stage mounted with a sample and rotatable about an optical axis of an observation optical system for observing the sample, and two guides, for moving the stage within a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the observation optical system, rotatable together with the stage and oriented orthogonal to each other. The apparatus further comprises an input device for inputting a signal representing a moving direction of the stage, a converter for converting a signal inputted to the input device on the basis of an observation image of the sample on the stage through the observation optical system into an output signal with a compensated relative rotational deviation between a moving direction defined by the observation image and a moving direction defined by the two guides and a driving device for moving the stage along the two guides on the basis of the output signal from the converter.

Abstract: A coarse and fine adjustment focusing apparatus secured to a microscope body for moving a movable member includes a sun gear secured to a fine adjustment knob shaft, an internal gear unrotatably provided on the same axis as the fine adjustment knob shaft, a first planetary gear meshing with both the sun gear and the internal gear, a second planetary gear being equal in the number of teeth and module to the first planetary gear and disposed on the same shaft as the first planetary gear and meshing with the sun gear, a first resilient number for imparting rotational forces in opposite directions to the first planetary gear and the second planetary gear, a third planetary gear being equal in the number of teeth and module to the first planetary gear and disposed on the same shaft as the first planetary gear and meshing with the internal gear, a second resilient member for imparting rotational forces in opposite directions to the first planetary gear and the third planetary gear, and a power transmitting shaft to

Abstract: An orthogonal motion stage provides Z axis motion, along an optical axis independently of translational motion in an orthogonal, X-Y axis reference plane. Conversely, motion in the X-Y reference plane does not induce unwanted motion in the Z axis. Straight line mechanisms interconnect the Z axis carrier to a base plate. Flexible connections are used in the straight line mechanisms to ensure accurate orthogonal motion.