Abstract: Provided are a wire grid polarizer and a backlight unit using the wire grid polarizer. The wire grid polarizer comprises a first grid layer formed on a substrate and provided with at least one of a first grid pattern, and a second grid layer formed on the first grid pattern and provided with at least one of a second grid pattern made of metal material wherein the first grid layer is made of high molecular substance having a lower refraction index than that of the substrate. By forming a first grid pattern on a substrate using a high molecular substance layer and by forming a metal grid pattern on the first grid pattern, transmission rates of respective wavelengths depending on light angles of incident light are controlled and thereby minimize color variations depending on view angle.

Abstract: A multilayer optical film body includes a first and second packet of microlayers. Each packet partially transmits and partially reflects light over an extended wavelength range, such as the visible region, for normally incident light polarized along a first principal axis of the film body. In combination, the first and second packets have an intermediate reflection and transmission (e.g. 5-95% internal transmission, on average) for the normally incident light, and similar intermediate reflection/transmission (e.g. 10-90% internal transmission, on average) for oblique light. The packets are laminated or otherwise connected so that light can pass through the packets sequentially. In at least a first test area of the film body, a high frequency spectral variability of the combination of packets is less than a high frequency spectral variability of the first packet by itself, and may also be less than a high frequency spectral variability of the second packet by itself.

Abstract: The disclosure generally relates to optical devices, such as interactive displays, and in particular to interactive projection displays having passive input devices. The present disclosure also provides a passive interactive input device having the ability to overcome problematic ambient interference signals in an interactive display, such as an interactive projection display.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a nanowire, including: forming a plurality of grid patterns on a grid base layer; forming a sacrificial layer on the grid base layer on which the grid patterns are formed; producing a nanowire grid structure by forming a nanowire base layer on the sacrificial layer; forming a nanowire by wet etching the nanowire base layer; and separating the grid patterns from the nanowire by etching the sacrificial layer.

Abstract: There is provided a light-guide, compact collimating optical device, including a light-guide having a light-waves entrance surface, a light-waves exit surface and a plurality of external surfaces, a light-waves reflecting surface carried by the light-guide at one of the external surfaces, two retardation plates carried by light-guides on a portion of the external surfaces, a light-waves polarizing beamsplitter disposed at an angle to one of the light-waves entrance or exit surfaces, and a light-waves collimating component covering a portion of one of the retardation plates. A system including the optical device and a substrate, is also provided.

Abstract: Methods for manufacturing the grating sheet and a liquid crystal display panel are provided. The grating sheet comprises a plurality of primary color gratings in parallel, each of which comprises a red R sub-grating, a green G sub-grating and a blue B sub-grating in parallel, and each sub-grating comprises an opening area and a reflective region disposed around the opening area and corresponds to a pixel unit on a sub-array substrate. The methods for manufacturing the grating sheet and a liquid crystal display panel may be applicable to a system with a liquid crystal display.

Abstract: A phase difference element has a transparent substrate and a birefringent film with tantalum oxide and titanium oxide obliquely deposited on one surface of the transparent substrate. The birefringent film has a first photorefractive film and a second photorefractive film laminated to each other and having different oblique deposition directions. The ratio of titanium atoms to the total of titanium atoms and tantalum atoms in the birefringent film is 4.0 atomic % or higher to 30 atomic % or lower.

Abstract: A method of producing a polarizing plate according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: stretching and dyeing a laminate including a resin substrate and a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin layer formed on one side of the resin substrate to produce a polarizing film on the resin substrate; laminating a first protective film on the polarizing film on an opposite side to the resin substrate; and peeling the resin substrate, followed by laminating a second protective film on the polarizing film on a side from which the resin substrate has been peeled. The laminating of at least one of the first protective film and the second protective film is performed through an adhesive having a moisture content of 10% or less.

Abstract: An imaging system includes a projector, a camera and a filter set of polarization filters. The projector is to project light onto a surface. The camera is to capture light reflected from the surface. The filter set is to remove light of a first polarization from the projected light and to remove light of a non-first polarization from the reflected light so that the camera detects only reflected light having the first polarization.

Abstract: A near-eye display system includes an image former and a waveguide. The image former is configured to form a display image and to release the display image through a first exit pupil. The waveguide presents a back surface that faces the wearer's eye, and a front surface opposite the back surface. The waveguide is substantially transparent to external imagery received normal to the front surface, and is configured to receive the display image from the image former and to release the display image through a second exit pupil, which is larger than the first exit pupil.

Abstract: A multilayer optical film body includes a first and second packet of microlayers. Each packet partially transmits and partially reflects light over an extended wavelength range, such as the visible region, for normally incident light polarized along a first principal axis of the film body. In combination, the first and second packets have an intermediate reflection and transmission (e.g. 5-95% internal transmission, on average) for the normally incident light, and similar intermediate reflection/transmission (e.g. 10-90% internal transmission, on average) for oblique light. The packets are laminated or otherwise connected so that light can pass through the packets sequentially. In at least a first test area of the film body, a high frequency spectral variability of the combination of packets is less than a high frequency spectral variability of the first packet by itself, and may also be less than a high frequency spectral variability of the second packet by itself.

Abstract: A polarizing plate for use with an organic light emitting display includes an adhesive layer, a retardation film, a polarizer, and a protective film sequentially stacked in this order, the polarizing plate further including a positive C plate.

Abstract: A light-uniforming anti-glaring structure includes a light-polarizing reflection unit and a light-polarizing position adjusting unit. The light-polarizing reflection unit includes a multilayer reflector composed of a plurality of inter-stacked polymer films. One of the inter-stacked polymer films is a birefringence material layer that conforms to the condition of NX?NY?NZ, wherein NX is the index of refraction of light at X direction, NY is the index of refraction of light at Y direction, and NZ is the index of refraction of light at Z direction. The light-polarizing position adjusting unit is coupled with the light-polarizing reflection unit for adjusting the position of the light-polarizing reflection unit.

Abstract: Provided is an illumination device that includes: light source (101); light guiding means (102) where light from light source (101) is supplied to one end surface, and light incident from the one end surface is propagated inside to exit from the other end surface; illuminating optical systems (103, 104, 106, and 107) that spatially separate a luminous flux output from the other end surface of light guiding means (102) into a plurality of luminous fluxes and that form, on display element (110), an optical image formed on the other end surface of light guiding means (102); reflective polarizing plate (109) that is located between illuminating optical systems (103, 104, 106, and 107) and display element (110) and that transmits first polarized light while reflecting second polarized light different in polarized state from the first polarized light toward illuminating optical systems (103, 104, 106, and 107); reflecting element (105) that is disposed at a position where the plurality of luminous fluxes are spatia

Abstract: An optical element has layers formed on a substrate, including alternating first and second layers having first and second refractive indices, nL and nH that exhibit a spectral characteristic, providing, for incident light at a predetermined wavelength and directed toward the optical element within a range of angles bounded by first and second incident angles ?1 and ?2, between 0 and 80 degrees and differing by at least 1 degree, substantially linear polarization-averaged attenuation of the incident light energy wherein, for any incident angle ?n between ?1 and ?2, A?n is the corresponding polarization-averaged attenuation, and wherein the polarization-averaged attenuation at A?n at angle ?1 is less than or equal to an optical density value of 0.2 and the polarization-averaged attenuation A?n at angle ?2 exceeds an optical density value of 4.

Abstract: There is provided an optical member that suppresses the occurrence of moire, and can realize a liquid crystal display apparatus that is excellent in mechanical strength and has high brightness. An optical member according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a polarizing plate, a light diffusion layer, a reflective polarizer, and a prism sheet in the stated order.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided with a display such as a liquid crystal display mounted in an electronic device housing. The display has a layer of liquid crystal material sandwiched between an upper display layer such as a color filter layer and a lower display layer such as a thin-film-transistor layer. An upper polarizer is formed on the upper surface of the color filter layer. A lower polarizer is formed on the lower surface of the thin-film-transistor layer. To protect display layers such as a glass color filter layer substrate for the color filter layer from damage during polarizer trimming operations, a coating is deposited on a peripheral edge of the glass color filter layer substrate. The coating may be formed from an elastomeric polymer such as silicone and may remain in place or may be removed following trimming operations.

Abstract: A film includes microlayers arranged into optical repeat units. Adjacent microlayers have in-plane refractive index mismatches ?nx, ?ny tailored to provide mirror-like on-axis properties, such that the film has a reflectivity for normally incident light in an extended wavelength band of at least 75% for any polarization. Adjacent microlayers also have a refractive index mismatch ?nz that provides the film with reduced reflectivity R1 and increased transmission for p-polarized light in the extended wavelength band incident on the film in a first plane of incidence at an angle ?oblique, where R1 is no more than half of the minimum of on-axis reflectivity. Further, ?nx and ?ny are different enough so that for light incident on the film in a second plane of incidence orthogonal to the first plane, the film has a reflectivity R2 of at least 75% for such light that is p-polarized and incident at any angle.

Abstract: A polarizer, having touch sensing capability includes a first transparent conducive layer, a second transparent conducive layer, a polarizing layer, first electrodes and second electrodes. The first transparent conducive layer has a minimal resistance along a first direction and a maximal resistance or insulation along a second direction. The second transparent conducive layer has a maximal resistance or insulation along the first direction and a minimal resistance along the second direction. The polarizing layer is located between the first transparent conducive layer and the second transparent conducive layer. The first electrodes are spaced with each other and arranged in a first row along the second direction and electrically connected with the first transparent conducive layer. The second electrodes are spaced with each other and arranged in a second row along the first direction and electrically connected with the second transparent conducive layer.

Abstract: An identification medium, in which a pattern is clearly altered in observation through a right-handed circularly polarizing filter and observation through a left-handed circularly polarizing filter, is provided. The identification medium is formed by laminating a cholesteric liquid crystal layer, a ?/4 plate, and a linearly polarizing filter layer, in that order, from an observing side. The cholesteric liquid crystal layer is formed with a hologram and selectively reflects light. In an observation through a circularly polarizing filter that transmits the light reflected at the cholesteric liquid crystal layer, light reflected at a pattern printed layer is not perceived due to the function of a circularly polarizing layer. Images are clearly altered by switching a right-handed and a left-handed circularly polarizing filter.

Abstract: There is provided a polarizer for organic light emitting diodes (OLED) having improved brightness. The polarizer, which comprises a linear polarizer and a ¼ retardation plate, comprises a reflective polarizer film disposed between the linear polarizer and the ¼ retardation plate and transmitting a polarized light horizontal to the transmission axis of the linear polarizer while reflecting a polarized light vertical to the transmission axis of the linear polarizer. The polarizer may be useful to highly improve the brightness of the OLED device when the polarizer is used in the OLED device.

Abstract: An identification medium is provided in which latent image having plural colors can be observed even when the identification medium is spaced away from a polarization filter. A cholesteric liquid crystal layer is provided as a specific polarization light reflection layer which reflects light having a specific polarized condition. An optical anisotropic layer having an optical anisotropy is provided at an upper position overlapping with the specific polarization light reflection layer. An image A fanned by an area having an optical anisotropy different from that of surroundings is formed at the optical anisotropic layer. When the identification medium is directly viewed, the influence of the optical anisotropy cannot be seen. When the identification medium is observed via a circular polarization filter, the image can be seen to have a specific color by the influence of the optical anisotropy.

Abstract: Provided is a polarizer that includes wire grid structure (11) having a plurality of thin metal wires arranged to extend in one direction. Thin metal wire (13) is formed by stacking aluminum layer (5) and silver layer (6). Silver layer 6 is disposed on a side wherein incoming light enters wire grid structure (11).

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a film stack having a light-control film, such as a privacy filter, and a p-polarization color shifting film. The present invention also relates to articles, such as displays, incorporating the same.

Abstract: An optical film roll is disclosed capable of realizing excellent display characteristics while maintaining manufacturing efficiency. The optical film roll has a width corresponding to a pair of opposite sides of a liquid crystal cell and is used by being cut to a length corresponding to another pair of opposite sides of the liquid crystal cell to be continuously attached to a surface of the liquid crystal cell. The optical film roll includes a long optical film wound into a roll shape, the long optical film being obtained by subjecting a long optical raw film, which is produced by laminating a polarizing film having an absorption axis in its width direction, and a reflective polarizing film having a reflection axis in its width direction, to a slitting process in a machine direction while conveying the long optical raw film in its lengthwise direction.

Abstract: Provided are diffuser, method of manufacturing same, and liquid crystal display device employing the diffuser. Liquid crystal display device includes: backlight unit; liquid crystal panel on which image is formed by using light emitted by backlight unit, and comprising: color filter comprising plurality of pixels each of which comprises plurality of subpixels that are alternately arranged and transmit light in different wavelength bands; and liquid crystal layer whose transmittance is adjusted under electrical control; and diffuser disposed on a top surface or a bottom surface of the liquid crystal panel and comprising diffusing areas and transparent areas which alternate with each other at intervals corresponding to the width of the subpixels, wherein the liquid crystal layer comprises liquid crystal areas corresponding to the diffusing areas and liquid crystal areas corresponding to the transparent areas and the transmittances of the liquid crystal areas are adjusted according to the subpixels.

Abstract: A polarizer and a liquid crystal display including the polarizer, the polarizer including a plurality of metal lines extending in one direction and being arranged at regular intervals; and a plurality of low reflection layers on the plurality of metal lines, the plurality of low reflection layers contacting respective upper parts of the plurality of metal lines and having an interval and a width about equal to an interval and a width of the plurality of metal lines, wherein the interval of the plurality of metal lines is smaller than a wavelength of a visible ray, and light incident from an upper side of the plurality of low reflection layers is reflected with reflectivity equal to or smaller than 10%.

Abstract: Optical films, and organic light-emitting display devices employing the same, include a high refractive index pattern layer including a lens pattern region and a non-pattern region alternately formed, wherein the lens pattern region includes a plurality of grooves each having a depth larger than a width thereof, and the non-pattern region has no pattern; and a low refractive index pattern layer formed of a material having a refractive index smaller than a refractive index of the high refractive index pattern layer, wherein the low refractive index pattern includes a plurality of filling portions filling the plurality of grooves.

Abstract: Optical components and their methods of manufacture are provided, including a first stack of layers configured to exhibit a first stop band for s-polarized radiation and a second stop band for p-polarized radiation incident on the first stack of layers at an oblique angle, a second stack of layers configured to exhibit a third stop band for s-polarized radiation and a fourth stop band for p-polarized radiation incident on the second stack of layers at the oblique angle, where the cut-on wavelength for the first stop band is approximately equal to or larger than the cut-off wavelength for the third stop band. Optical components are further provided to include extended blocking functionality, and to permit stress balancing in thin-film coatings on opposite sides of a substrate.

Abstract: Thermochromic filters use combinations of absorptive, reflective, thermoabsorptive, and thermoreflective elements covering different portions of the solar spectrum, to achieve different levels of energy savings, throw, shading, visible light transmission, and comfort. Embodiments include stopband filters in the near-infrared spectrum.

Abstract: A polarizing beam splitter (“PBS”) includes a glass wedge having a first oblique surface, a multi-layer polarizing coating disposed on the first oblique surface of the glass wedge, and a plastic wedge having a second oblique surface. The first oblique surface of the glass wedge is mated to the second oblique surface of the plastic wedge with the multi-layer polarizing coating sandwiched between the first and second oblique surfaces.

Abstract: An anisotropic dye layer containing a coordination polymer is disclosed. The a polarization control film containing an oriented dichroic dye in which light absorption spectrum of a molecule is reversibly changed by charge passing are disclosed.

Abstract: A polarizing beam splitter has a pair of opposed transparent prism substrates with a refractive index n0, and providing at least one input port and at least one output port. The input port accepts light incident over a range of operational angles including a central operational angle. A multilayer thin film structure is sandwiched between the pair of opposed transparent substrates and consists essentially of a plurality of layers l1 . . . lm having respective refractive indices n1 . . . nm, wherein at least three of said refractive indices n1 . . . nm are different, and wherein the refractive index of the substrates n0 lies between the highest refractive index nH and lowest refractive index nL, and wherein nH, nL and n0 define a Brewster angle ?0B: ? 0 ? B = arcsin ( n L ? n H n 0 ? n L 2 + n H 2 ) , and a critical angle ?c: ? C = arcsin ? ( n L n 0 ) . The refractive indices n0 and n1 . . .

Abstract: A polarizing plate, a fabrication method thereof, and a display device using the same are provided. The polarizing plate includes a polarizing element, a first adhesive layer formed on one surface of the polarizing element, a second adhesive layer formed on the other surface of the polarizing element, a protective film attached to an upper portion of the first adhesive layer, a bonding layer attached to a lower portion of the second adhesive layer, and a luminance enhancement film attached to the bonding layer.

Abstract: A polarization plate is provided for use between a light source and a display panel, where the light source is configured to emit light having a plurality of planes of polarization and the display panel is configured to have a predetermined polarization axis. The plate includes a repolarization region and a prepolarization region. The repolarization region is configured to diffuse and to depolarize or rotate at least one plane of polarization of the light passing therethrough. The prepolarization region is disposed adjacent to and in contact with the repolarization region. The prepolarization region is configured to be substantially nonabsorbent, to allow passage of light having a plane of polarization that is substantially aligned with the predetermined polarization axis, and to prevent passage of light having a plane of polarization that is not substantially aligned with the predetermined polarization axis. In another embodiment, an interface is provided between the regions.

Abstract: The polarization beam splitting element splits an entering beam according to polarization directions. The element includes, in order from a beam entrance side, an entrance side multi-layered film layer constituted by laminated multiple dielectric films, and a one-dimensional grating structure having a grating period smaller than a wavelength of the entering beam and formed of a metal. When a medium existing on the beam entrance side further than the entrance side multi-layered film layer is referred to as an entrance medium, the multiple dielectric films constituting the entrance side multi-layered film layer include at least one dielectric film having a higher refractive index than that of the entrance medium and at least one dielectric film having a lower refractive index than that of the entrance medium.

Abstract: A method for producing a polarizing element includes: forming particulate materials of a metal halide on a glass substrate; forming a protective film that covers the particulate materials in a non-plasma environment; stretching the particulate materials by heating and stretching the glass substrate; and forming acicular metal particles by reducing the metal halide constituting the stretched particulate materials.

Abstract: In a polarization conversion element including a plurality of light transmitting substrates and an optical element that includes polarization splitting films and reflective films that are alternately disposed between the light transmitting substrates, and a laminated wave plate that is arranged on the light outgoing face of the optical element and rotates the polarization plane of light emitted from the optical element by ?, a laminated wave plate is acquired by stacking a first wave plate of a phase difference ?1 for light of a wavelength ? and a second wave plate of a phase difference of ?2 such that the optical axes thereof intersect each other, the relationship is “|?1??2|=180 (degrees), and the azimuth of the optical axis of the first wave plate and the azimuth of the optical axis of the second wave plate are perpendicular to each other.

Abstract: There is provided a polarizer for organic light emitting diodes (OLED) having improved brightness. The polarizer, which comprises a linear polarizer and a ¼ retardation plate, comprises a reflective polarizer film disposed between the linear polarizer and the ¼ retardation plate and transmitting a polarized light horizontal to the transmission axis of the linear polarizer while reflecting a polarized light vertical to the transmission axis of the linear polarizer. The polarizer may be useful to highly improve the brightness of the OLED device when the polarizer is used in the OLED device.

Abstract: A method of producing an optical film laminate includes: a first film layer forming step of cutting a first optical film having an elongated shape into first optical film pieces along cutting lines crossing the longitudinal direction of the first optical film and disposing the first optical film pieces adjacent to each other in a substantially band or strip shape; a second film layer forming step of cutting a second optical film having an elongated shape into second optical film pieces along cutting lines crossing the longitudinal direction of the second optical film and disposing the second optical film pieces adjacent to each other in a substantially band or strip shape; and a cutting step of, while holding a third film layer made of the third optical film, the first film layer and the second film layer in a laminated state, cutting them into plural optical film laminates.

Abstract: A polarizer includes a reflective polarizer main body and an Rth compensation layer. The reflective polarizer main body includes a repetitively laminated structure, the repetitively laminated structure including two layers of different refractive indices repetitively disposed on one another. The Rth phase compensation layer is disposed at one side of the reflective polarizer main body. The Rth phase compensation layer is configured to compensate for a phase difference in an Rth direction.

Abstract: A multilayered reflective polarizing film is provided that has high polarization performance comparable to that of an absorption-type polarizing plate, and is preferred as a polarizing plate attached to a liquid crystal cell. An optical member for liquid crystal display devices, and a liquid crystal display device formed from such a multilayered reflective polarizing film are also provided. Specifically, the reflective polarizing film includes a uniaxially stretched multilayered film in which a specific aromatic polyester containing (alkylenedioxy)di-2-naphthoic acid as a part of dicarboxylic acid components is used as a first layer, and an optically isotropic polyester having an average refractive index of 1.50 to 1.60 is used as a second layer, and that has a predetermined refractive index difference between the layers. The reflective polarizing film has an angle of orientation of 2 degrees or less.

Abstract: A reflective polarizing plate is monolithically integrated on a surface of a base layer of a display device. The polarizing plate comprises a polarizing area portion and a reflective/blocking area portion, both having a multi-layered structure. The polarizing area portion is patterned to have a plurality of spaced apart reflective wire grid strips. The reflective/blocking area portion is configured to reflect all light incident thereon from a predetermined direction (where that light would not otherwise be used) and to direct the reflected light back to a light providing source where the light can be recycled for other use. Therefore, a brightness and efficiency of the display device is improved.

Abstract: There is provided an optical laminate that significantly suppresses the warping of a liquid crystal panel and can realize high contrast. An optical laminate of the present invention includes: a polarizing film having a thickness of 10 ?m or less; and a reflective polarization film. A liquid crystal panel of the present invention includes: a liquid crystal cell; and the optical laminate of the present invention. According to another aspect of the present invention, an optical laminate set is provided. The optical laminate set includes: a first optical laminate that is the optical laminate of the present invention as described above; and a second optical laminate including a polarizing film having a thickness larger than the thickness of the polarizing film of the first optical laminate by 5 ?m or more.

Abstract: A multi-layer stretched film has 251 or more alternating layers which consist of first layers and second layers, wherein the first layers are made of a polyester which contains (i) 5 to 50 mol % of a naphthoic acid component as a dicarboxylic acid component and (ii) a diol having an alkylene group with 2 to 10 carbon atoms as a diol component; and the second layers are made of a thermoplastic resin having an average refractive index of 1.50 to 1.60 and differences in refractive index among a uniaxial stretching direction, a direction orthogonal to the uniaxial stretching direction and a film thickness direction of 0.05 or less before and after stretching, and the film has specific reflectance characteristics for a P polarization component and an S polarization component.

Abstract: An optical unit is disclosed. In one aspect, the optical unit includes a polarizing plate, a first protective layer positioned on a first side of the polarizing plate and a first adhesive layer positioned on the first protective layer. A plurality of protrusions are formed on the surface of the first protective layer.

Abstract: A polarizing element includes a transparent substrate, a reflective layer constituting, on the transparent substrate, grid-shaped convexities arrayed at a pitch smaller than a wavelength in a used optical bandwidth, a dielectric layer formed on the reflective layer, a diffusion barrier layer formed on the dielectric layer, and an absorbing layer formed on the diffusion barrier layer such that the diffusion barrier layer is sandwiched between the absorbing layer and the dielectric layer. This polarizing element has an excellent optical property and is able to prevent mixing of the absorbing layer and the dielectric layer under a high temperature.

Abstract: Multilayer optical films are disclosed that exhibit high reflectivity at normal incidence for all polarizations but preferentially transmit high angle rays in one or two orthogonal planes of incidence. Both symmetrical and asymmetrical constructions are disclosed. The films can be used in direct-lit backlights and in lighting systems other than direct-lit backlights, such as edge-lit backlights, and non-backlight lighting systems such as systems intended for general illumination without the need for any graphic component, such as luminaires and task lights.

Abstract: The present application relates to a reflective polarizer, a method of manufacturing a reflective polarizer, an optical element, and a display device. The reflective polarizer may have excellent thermal and physical durability even when exposed to a light source and external friction. In addition, the method for manufacturing a reflective polarizer according to the present application may provide a large-sized reflective polarizer without using expensive equipment.

Abstract: The wire grid type polarization device includes a substrate, and a metal layer formed on one face of the substrate in a substantially stripe shape in a plan view, a first dielectric layer provided on two side faces opposite to each other among a plurality of side faces of the metal layer and in a top part of the metal layer, and a second dielectric layer provided on the first dielectric layer. A substrate side end portion of the second dielectric layer is located between the one surface of the substrate and the top part of the first metal layer and a plurality of metal layers that includes a first metal layer having a first side face, a second side face opposed to the first side face, and a top part. First and second dielectric layers are provided in the first side face, the second side face, and the top part of the first metal layer. The first dielectric layer is provided between the first metal layer and the second dielectric layer.