Abstract: The present disclosure provides a display panel including: a first substrate, a light-emitting element array and a color-conversion layer array, the light-emitting element array includes a plurality of light-emitting elements, the color-conversion layer array includes a plurality of color-conversion layers, the light-emitting elements are used for generating and emitting first color light, the color-conversion layers are used for generating other color light under excitation of the first color light, and the display panel further includes a first band-pass filtering layer between the light-emitting element array and the color-conversion layer array and/or a second band-pass filtering layer positioned on one side, away from the light-emitting element array, of the color-conversion layer array.

Abstract: A package of a heat-bent polarizing sheet for producing an injection-molded polarizing lens and an injection-molded polarizing lens that uses said sheet is provided. The heat-bent polarizing sheet is cumulatively packaged by a non-adhesive isolation film so as to withstand moisture and then stored or transported and can be used in injection molding without performing preliminary drying as a pretreatment of injection molding and without substantial protective-film removal work.

Abstract: The present application relates to a polymer film and a method for producing a polarizing plate. The present application can provide a polymer film satisfying optical and mechanical durability required in a polarizing plate effectively and capable of forming a polarizing plate without causing bending when applied to a display device, and a method for producing a polarizing plate to which the polymer film is applied. The present application can provide a polymer film capable of realizing the required optical and mechanical durability without causing bending even in a polarizing plate applied to a thin display device and/or a thin polarizing plate, and a method for producing a polarizing plate to which the polymer film is applied.

Abstract: An adhesive film for polarizing plates, a polarizing plate including the same, and an optical display apparatus including the same are provided. An adhesive film for polarizing plates includes: a (meth)acrylic copolymer, a curing agent, a (meth)acrylic oligomer, and an antistatic agent, and has a modulus of about 0.5 MPa or more at about 25° C. and a surface resistance difference ?SR of about 1.0 log (?/?) or less, as calculated by Equation 1 herein.

Abstract: Disclosed is an in vitro exposure system that may radiate a uniform field having a constant wavefront to an experimental cell container and expose each cell container to a same electromagnetic field.

Abstract: A touch panel includes a substrate, a first sensing electrode layer, and a second sensing electrode layer. The first sensing electrode layer is disposed on the substrate and includes a plurality of first-axis conductive units separated from each other. The second sensing electrode layer is disposed on the substrate and includes a plurality of second-axis conductive units separated from each other and crossing the first-axis conductive units. Each of the second-axis conductive units includes two first conductive layers and a second conductive layer laminated between the first conductive layers.

Abstract: Disclosed are a double-sided adhesive film for bonding heterogeneous substrates, a laminated film, and a display device. The double-sided adhesive film for bonding heterogeneous substrates comprises: a first adhesive layer; and second adhesive layer which is disposed on the first adhesive layer and has a different adhesive force from that of the first adhesive layer to the same substrate.

Abstract: The present application discloses a polarization beam splitter (PBS). The PBS includes a silicon substrate and a planar structure formed thereon characterized by an isosceles trapezoid shape with a first parallel side and a second parallel side connected by two tapered sides. The first parallel side has longer width than the second parallel side, both of which is separated by a length no greater than 100 ?m along a line of symmetry bisecting the pair of parallel sides. The PBS further includes a pair of input ports coupled to the first parallel side and a pair of output ports coupled to the second parallel side. The planar structure is configured to receive an input light wave of any wavelength in C-band via one input port and split to a TE-mode light wave and a TM-mode light wave respectively outputting to the pair of output ports.

Abstract: A display device includes a housing including first and second edge areas; a panel assembly between a window and the housing; a first waterproof member corresponding to the first edge area; a second waterproof member corresponding to the second edge area and disconnected from the first waterproof member; and a first sealing member in contact with the first and second waterproof members, the panel assembly, the window and the housing. The panel assembly includes a plurality of members each protruded further than an end of the first waterproof member to respectively define first edges. Each first edge is in contact with the first sealing member, and protruded distances of the first edges from the end of the first waterproof member increase as a cross-sectional distance from the plurality of members to the window decreases to form a stepped shape of the panel assembly at the first edges.

Abstract: An electronic device may have a display. Inactive portions of the display such as peripheral portions of the display may be masked using an opaque masking layer. An opening may be provided in the opaque masking layer to allow light to pass. For example, a logo may be viewed through an opening in the opaque masking layer and a camera may receive light through an opening in the opaque masking layer. The display may include upper and lower polarizers, a color filter layer, and a thin-film transistor layer. The opaque masking layer may be formed on the upper polarizer, may be interposed between the upper polarizer and the color filter layer, or may be interposed between the color filter layer and the thin-film transistor layer. The upper polarizer may have unpolarized windows for cameras, logos, or other internal structures.

Abstract: A laser system may include a laser resonator configured to emit an input laser beam having an elliptical cross-sectional shape. The laser system also may include first reflective device configured to reflect the input laser beam to produce a first reflected laser beam. The first reflective device may include a spherical surface for reflecting the input laser beam. The laser system also may include a second reflective device configured to reflect the first reflected laser beam to produce a second reflected laser beam. The laser system also may include a coupling device configured to focus the second reflected laser beam to produce an output laser beam. The coupling device may include a spherical surface for receiving the second reflected laser beam. The laser system also may include an optic fiber configured to transmit the output laser beam for emission of the output laser beam onto a target area.

Abstract: A magnetic lens filter system includes an external rotational element having a plurality of ridges allowing a photographer to grip and rotate the external rotational element. A plurality of gears is in engagement with the external rotational element, and an inner gear connected to an inner rotational element such that when the external rotational element is rotated the inner rotational element rotates. Advantageously, a rotatable magnetic element is configured to rotate simultaneously with the inner rotational element. The system is configured to accept a removable lens filter. The removable lens filter has a magnetic element configured to attach to the rotatable magnetic element.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a polarizer and a liquid crystal display device, comprising: a first protective layer (1); a polarizing layer (2), wherein the first protective layer is located on one layer surface of the polarizing layer; and a second protective layer (3) located on another layer surface of the polarizing layer; wherein at least one of the first protective layer (1) and the second protective layer (3) has a porous structure.

Abstract: A pressure-sensitive adhesive composition for an image display panel, a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer for an image display panel, and an optical film provided with a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer are disclosed which are free of problems regarding durability and defective appearance caused by an antistatic agent (conductive agent), and which have superior antistatic properties so as to be usable for applications such as in an image display panel. An image display panel is also disclosed in which the optical film provided with a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is attached to the surface of the image display panel in contact with the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer without an interposed conductive layer, and a liquid crystal display device using the image display panel. Further, a liquid crystal display device is disclosed with a touch sensing function using the image display panel that can be used as various input display devices such as mobile devices.

Abstract: A polarizing plate and an optical display comprising the same. The polarizing plate includes a polarizer; and a bonding layer and a first polarizer protective film sequentially stacked on a lower surface of the polarizer, wherein the first polarizer protective film includes a light shielding layer formed in at least some region on an upper surface thereof and the light shielding layer is composed of at least one printed pattern, the printed pattern being composed of a single printed layer or multiple printed layers and having a first plane formed at a top portion thereof and an inclined angle ? of greater than about 0° to about 85° or less, the inclined angle being defined between the first polarizer protective film and an imaginary line I-II connecting one distal end point I of the first plane at the top portion of the printed pattern to a point II disposed on an outer peripheral surface of the printed pattern adjoining the first polarizer protective film and closest to the distal end point I.

Abstract: Provided is an image display device including an image display unit which includes a display area in which a plurality of pixels is arranged, and a non-display area provided at a periphery of the display area, a light guide unit which has one surface disposed so as to face at least an edge of the display area of the image display unit on a viewing side and another surface that is disposed at an opposite side of the light guide from the one surface and is provided at a position shifted further toward the non-display area than the one surface, and a diffraction element which is disposed between the image display unit and the light guide unit and diffracts light from the display area toward the side of the non-display area adjacent to the edge.

Abstract: A polarizer according to the patent invention is configured to contain boric acid and a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin, to have a thickness of 10 ?m or less, and to have an optical property satisfying the condition represented by the expression: P>?(100.929T-42.4?1)×100 (when T<42.3) or P?99.9 (when T?42.3), wherein T represents the single-body transmittance and P represents the polarization degree. In addition, a boric acid content (a) measured from one side of the polarizer, the one side to be provided with the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, is less than a boric acid content (b) measured from the other side. The polarizer according to the patent invention can reduce defects due to through cracks and nano-slits even when the polarizer has predetermined optical properties and a thickness of 10 ?m or less.

Abstract: An optical component may be optically blackened so that the surface of the component is not reflective when light impinges upon the surface. In some examples, a method of blackening involves exposing a surface of the optical component that defines an optical pathway to an optical blackening composition for a period of time effective to optically blacken the surface. The optical blackening composition may be configured so that the resulting optically blackened optical pathway is non-fluorescing when exposed to ultraviolet light. In some examples, the optical blackening composition comprises selenous acid and is devoid of organic molecules.

Abstract: A polarizer according to the patent invention is configured to contain boric acid and a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin, to have a thickness of 10 ?m or less, and to have an optical property satisfying the condition represented by the expression: P>?(100.929T-42.4?1)×100 (when T<42.3) or P?99.9 (when T?42.3), wherein T represents the single-body transmittance and P represents the polarization degree. In addition, a boric acid content (a) measured from one side of the polarizer, the one side to be provided with the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, is less than a boric acid content (b) measured from the other side. The polarizer according to the patent invention can reduce defects due to through cracks and nano-slits even when the polarizer has predetermined optical properties and a thickness of 10 ?m or less.

Abstract: According to an aspect, a display device includes: a coated polarization layer configured to absorb light linearly polarized in a second polarization direction perpendicular to a first polarization direction; an optical sheet configured to reflect light linearly polarized in the first polarization direction and transmit light linearly polarized in the second polarization direction; a front panel disposed between the coated polarization layer and the optical sheet and capable of changing a polarization direction of incident light into another polarization direction in accordance with a voltage applied to the front panel; and a display panel overlapping with the front panel with a polarization plate interposed therebetween, the polarization plate transmitting light linearly polarized in the second polarization direction to the optical sheet.

Abstract: A retro-reflective body with an optically perceptible feature includes a substrate on whose upper side a binder layer is disposed. A plurality of transparent elements is at least partially embedded into the binder layer in such a way that light can enter the transparent elements. The surface of the transparent elements is configured as a spherical segment at least in some portions and wherein the spherical segments of the transparent elements are embedded into the binder layer and are orientated towards the upper side of the substrate. The retro-reflective body has a first partial region which a first share of the transparent elements, in each case with the spherical sections, is adjacent at least in some portions to spaces -filled with an optically thinner medium or a vacuum, wherein the optically perceptible feature is formed by the first partial region.

Abstract: The present invention provides a TFT substrate and a manufacturing method thereof. The manufacturing method of the TFT substrate according to the present invention includes additionally providing a transparent polypropylene film on an IGZO active layer to provide an effect of blocking UV light and thus preventing UV light from affecting stability of the IGZO active layer so as to improve stability of a TFT device without increasing the number of masks used. When the manufacturing method of the TFT substrate according to the present invention is applied to production of OLED display panels, the transparent polypropylene film may serve as a planarization layer so that the existing manufacturing process of OLED display panels does not need to be modified and manufacturing costs are not increased.

Abstract: A cellulose ester film contains a compound having a structural unit denoted by —NR—(C?O)— in which R represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, a surface having knoop hardness of greater than or equal to 210 N/mm2 is provided, and loss tangent tan ? at 25° C. is greater than or equal to 0.03.

Abstract: A laser device comprises first and second laser units to respectively emit first and second laser beams that propagate in first and second directions and that are polarized in first and second polarization directions and a polarization coupling prism arranged to couple the two laser beams. The coupling prism comprises: a light entry surface to receive the first laser beam; a reflecting surface to reflect the first laser beam at an angle greater than the limit angle of total inner reflection; and a light exit surface through which the first laser beam exits the prism. The second laser unit is arranged relative to the polarization coupling prism to cause the second laser beam to impinge on and be reflected at the light exit surface in the same direction as the first laser beam exiting the prism, resulting in a collinear superposition of the first and second laser beams.

Abstract: A pressure-sensitive adhesive layer-attached polarizing film of the invention includes: a polarizing film; and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer provided on the polarizing film, wherein the polarizing film includes a polarizer and a transparent protective film provided on only one side of the polarizer, the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is provided on a side of the polarizer where the transparent protective film is absent, and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is made of a pressure-sensitive adhesive composition containing a (meth)acryl-based polymer (A) and an alkali metal salt (B). The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer-attached polarizing film has a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer with an antistatic function and satisfactory durability and whose optical properties are less likely to be degraded.

Abstract: A light detection device includes a light detector including a first detector and a second detector; a light coupling layer disposed on or above the light detector; and a polarizer array that is disposed on the light coupling layer. The light coupling layer includes a first low-refractive-index layer, a first high-refractive-index layer including a first grating and a second grating adjacent to the first grating, and a second low-refractive-index layer in this order. The polarizer array includes a first polarizer that transmits light polarized in one direction and a second polarizer that is adjacent to the first polarizer and blocks the light polarized in the one direction. The first grating and the first polarizer face the first detector, and the second grating and the second polarizer face the second detector.

Abstract: A transparent display device according to example embodiments includes a substrate having a pixel area and a transmission area, a pixel circuit on the pixel area of the substrate, an insulation structure on the substrate to cover the pixel circuit, a first electrode on the pixel area of the substrate, the first electrode being at least partially penetrated the insulation structure and electrically connected to the pixel circuit, a display layer on the first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode and covering the display layer, and an anti-diffraction layer on the substrate, the anti-diffraction layer at least partially overlapping the transmission area and including a plurality of nano wires.

Abstract: Provided is a method for manufacturing a composite body, the method containing: a composition preparation process of preparing a composition that contains a polymer having a cationic functional group and having a weight average molecular weight of from 2,000 to 1,000,000, and that has a pH of from 2.0 to 11.0; a composite member preparation process of preparing a composite member that includes a member A and a member B, a surface of the member B having a defined isoelectric point, and that satisfies a relationship: the isoelectric point of a surface of the member B< the pH of the composition<the isoelectric point of a surface of the member A; and an application process of applying the composition to the surface of the member A and the surface of the member B included in the composite member.

Abstract: A method of performing coherent transformations of optical fields includes forming a far field distribution of the input optical field. A fraction of the formed far field is diffracted by producing localized discontinuities within said far field. A Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of the diffracted optical field is formed. The Fraunhofer diffraction pattern is modified by producing localized optical path differences within the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern. The transformed output optical field is produced in the far field with respect to the modified Fraunhofer diffraction pattern.

Abstract: The present specification relates to a polarizing plate and a display device comprising the same.

Abstract: The purpose of the disclosure is to provide a modified polyvinyl alcohol resin composition having high gas barrier properties as well as excellent flexibility, adhesiveness and fatigue resistance. The modified polyvinyl alcohol resin composition includes: a modified polyvinyl alcohol resin obtainable by introducing a linear chain, alicyclic, branched or aromatic functional group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, as a graft chain, into a polyvinyl alcohol as a main chain; and silica.

Abstract: A polarizer includes: an adhesive layer including a binder resin and a light absorbing component dispersed in the binder resin, the light absorbing component including: a first light absorbing component to absorb a first light having a peak wavelength of about 430 nm or less; and a second light absorbing component to absorb a second light having a peak wavelength ranging from about 640 nm to about 720 nm; a phase retardation layer on the adhesive layer; and a linear polarizer on the phase retardation layer.

Abstract: A regional polarization structure, a method for fabricating a regional polarization structure and a liquid crystal display panel are provided.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) backlight system includes: a light source, configured to generate light; a patterned polarization grating polarization converter (PPG-PC) assembly, configured to convert the generated light from a first polarization state to a second polarization state. The PPG-PC further includes: a patterned polarization grating (PPG) having a plurality of domains, wherein the plurality of domains of the PPG include at least two different types of domains, and wherein each domain of the PPG is configured to diffract incident light into first and second types of light beams corresponding to a first diffraction order; and a patterned retarder (PR), having a plurality of domains, the plurality of domains of the PR including domains corresponding to areas where the first type of light beams output from the PPG and including domains corresponding to areas where the second type of light beams output from the PPG converge.

Abstract: There is provided an extremely thin light diffusing film, which has strong light diffusibility, has suppressed backscattering, and is excellent in productivity. The light diffusing film includes: a first region having a first refractive index; a substantially spherical shell-shaped refractive index modulation region surrounding the first region; and a second region having a second refractive index, the region being positioned on a side of the refractive index modulation region opposite to the first region. The light diffusing film has a light diffusion half-value angle of 30° or more and a thickness of 4 ?m to 25 ?m, and satisfies the following expressions (1) and (2): y?0.011x(30?x?60)??(1) y?0.0275x?0.99 (60<x)??(2) where x represents the light diffusion half-value angle (°) and y represents a backscattering ratio (%), the expressions (1) and (2) each representing a relationship between a numerical value for the light diffusion half-value angle and a numerical value for the backscattering ratio.

Abstract: A plasmonic plate for generating optical vortices, formed by electrically conducting material and defining a plurality of slots that convert a first electromagnetic field having a non-null spin angular momentum into a second electromagnetic field having a non-null orbital angular momentum.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a polymerizable composition containing: a compound containing a repeating unit having a polyether structure having a fluorine atom and four or more polymerizable groups and being represented by the formula (I) as defined herein; a photopolymerization initiator; and an organic solvent, or a polymerizable composition containing: a compound containing a repeating unit having a polyether structure having a fluorine atom and four or more polymerizable groups and being represented by one of the formulae (I-1) to (I-5) as defined herein; a photopolymerization initiator; and an organic solvent.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display module includes a liquid crystal module and a polarizer on the liquid crystal module. The liquid crystal module includes an upper substrate, an upper electrode layer, a first alignment, a liquid crystal layer, a second alignment layer, a thin film transistor panel, and a lower polarizing layer. The polarizer includes a first transparent conductive layer, an upper polarizing layer, and a second transparent conductive layer on the second surface of the upper polarizing layer stacked together. A number of first electrodes are electrically connected with the first transparent conducive layer, a number of second electrodes are electrically connected with the second transparent conducive layer. The first transparent conductive layer includes a number of transparent conductive belts along a second direction, and the second transparent conductive layer includes a number of carbon nanotubes substantially aligned along a first direction.

Abstract: An optical film has a cellulose acylate film base material containing cellulose acylate and a plurality of sugar ester compounds having different ester substitution degrees in which an average ester substitution degree of the plurality of sugar ester compounds is from 60 to 94%, and an antistatic hardcoat layer formed from a coating composition containing at least an organic antistatic agent and a curable compound having a (meth)acryloyl group in a molecule of the curable compound.

Abstract: Method and apparatus to generate a composite far field beam having a central null and discrete cylindrical symmetry. A phased array of Gaussian beams was used to form an annular far-field pattern as opposed to the normal peaked pattern in most phased arrays. This annular pattern arises from the radial symmetry of the polarization in each beam. Beams opposite one another in the annulus are polarized in the same direction but are 180° out of phase. This causes the center portion of the beam to be a null rather than a peak.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display module includes a liquid crystal module and a polarizer stacked with each other. The polarizer includes a polarizing layer, a transparent conductive layer and at least two driving-sensing electrodes. The polarizing layer and the transparent conductive layer are stacked with each other. The at least two driving-sensing electrodes are spaced from each other and electrically connected with the transparent conductive layer.

Abstract: An optical device includes: a light transmissive first substrate; a light transmissive second substrate; a polarizing layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; a first bonding layer which bonds the first substrate to the polarizing layer; and a second bonding layer which bonds the second substrate to the polarizing layer, wherein the first bonding layer is an adhesive layer, and the second bonding layer contains a structure of siloxane (Si—O) and a leaving group. By forming the first bonding layer of an adhesive layer, a necessary strength can be ensured, and also the optical properties can be enhanced by absorbing the irregularities of the polarizing layer formed of a synthetic resin so as to prevent the contamination with air bubbles. Since the time of exposure of the polarizing layer to heat generated by a plasma can be decreased, the polarizing layer is not deteriorated.

Abstract: A polarizing multilayer film is provided. The polarizing multilayer film comprises a first adhesive layer, a second adhesive layer, a polarization layer which is arranged between the first and second adhesive layers, a first separating film which is removably arranged on a side of the first adhesive layer remote from the polarization layer, and a second separating film which is removably arranged on a side of the second adhesive layer remote from the polarization layer. There are further provided a method of using the polarizing multilayer film and a method for producing a screen, a light-emitting decorative element or another device using the polarizing multilayer film.

Abstract: A color filter array may include a plurality of pixels and control a pass wavelength band of the plurality of pixels using a dichroic filter that passes light of a specific wavelength range and blocks the rest of wavelengths. The pass wavelength band of the plurality of pixels may be adjusted according to a plurality of thicknesses of the dichroic filter. The dichroic filter may be formed by repeatedly forming a layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and a layer of silicon dioxide (SiO2).

Abstract: A polarizer, having touch sensing capability includes a first transparent conducive layer, a second transparent conducive layer, a polarizing layer, first electrodes and second electrodes. The first transparent conducive layer has a minimal resistance along a first direction and a maximal resistance or insulation along a second direction. The second transparent conducive layer has a maximal resistance or insulation along the first direction and a minimal resistance along the second direction. The polarizing layer is located between the first transparent conducive layer and the second transparent conducive layer. The first electrodes are spaced with each other and arranged in a first row along the second direction and electrically connected with the first transparent conducive layer. The second electrodes are spaced with each other and arranged in a second row along the first direction and electrically connected with the second transparent conducive layer.

Abstract: A transparent substrate for optical elements which is capable of suppressing cracking is provided, and a transparent substrate for optical elements which is capable of extending the life of optical elements such as organic EL elements used in organic EL illumination devices or polarizer plates used in liquid crystal display devices is provided. This transparent substrate for optical elements is characterized by having an inorganic layer and a hydrophilic layer laminated sequentially on a transparent resin film. For this reason, this transparent substrate for optical elements can have excellent gas barrier properties, inhibits degeneration of optical elements due to water vapor, suppresses cracking, is transparent and flexible, is easy to handle, can be efficiently and economically manufactured, and has excellent design properties.

Abstract: A method of producing an optical film laminate includes: stretching and dyeing a laminate including a resin substrate and a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin layer formed on one side of the resin substrate to produce a polarizing film on the resin substrate; laminating a first protective film on the polarizing film on an opposite side to the resin substrate; and peeling the resin substrate, followed by laminating a second protective film on the polarizing film on a side from which the resin substrate has been peeled. The first protective film is a protective film to be placed on an optical cell side when the optical film laminate is attached to the optical cell, the second protective film is a protective film to be placed on an opposite side to the optical cell when the optical film laminate is attached to the optical cell.

Abstract: A method of producing an optical film laminate includes: stretching and dyeing a laminate including a resin substrate and a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin layer formed on one side of the resin substrate to produce a polarizing film on the resin substrate; laminating a first protective film on the polarizing film on an opposite side to the resin substrate; and peeling the resin substrate, followed by laminating a second protective film on the polarizing film on a side from which the resin substrate has been peeled. The first protective film is a protective film to be placed on an optical cell side when the optical film laminate is attached to the optical cell, the second protective film is a protective film to be placed on an opposite side to the optical cell when the optical film laminate is attached to the optical cell.

Abstract: The present invention provides a display device including: a plurality of display panels including display areas, and non-display areas positioned alongside the display areas; an optical member having one side connected to a part of one of the display areas and an opposing side extending over an adjacent non-display area, the optical member configured to magnify an image from the part of one of the display areas and to project the magnified image over the adjacent non-display area. A multi panel display device according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention may prevent the phenomena of image discontinuity and image distortion at edges between the display panels, and adjust a polarization characteristic to provide a high-quality large screen capable of implementing a 3D image and the like.

Abstract: An adhesive composition for polarizing plates includes an epoxy compound, a(meth)acrylic compound, an alkoxysilane compound including at least one epoxy group, and an alkoxysilane compound including at least one (meth)acrylate group. A polarizing plate using the adhesive composition can exhibit good adhesion, reliability, durability, water resistance, and high temperature/high humidity resistance. An optical apparatus includes the polarizing plate.