Abstract: Wire grid polarizers, and methods of making wire grid polarizers, including an array of parallel, elongated nano-structures disposed over a surface of a substrate. Each of the nano-structures can include a first rib disposed over a surface of a substrate and a pair of parallel, elongated wires, each laterally oriented with respect to one another, and disposed over the first rib. The wire grid polarizers can be durable with high transmission of one polarization of light, high contrast, and/or small pitch. The wire grid polarizers can also have high absorption or high reflection of an opposite polarization of light.

Abstract: A wire grid polarizer comprising an array of parallel, elongated nano-structures disposed over a surface of a substrate. Each of the nano-structures can include a pair of parallel, elongated wires (or top ribs), each oriented laterally with respect to one another. There can be a first gap disposed between the pair of wires (or top ribs). Each of the nano-structures can be separated from an adjacent nano-structure by a second gap disposed between adjacent nanostructures, and thus between adjacent pairs of wires. A first gap width of the first gap can be different than a second gap width of the second gap. Also included are methods of making wire grid polarizers.

Abstract: An eyepiece includes an eyepiece frame, an in-coupling polarization beam splitter (“PBS”), an end reflector, and an out-coupling PBS. The eyepiece frame defines an air cavity and includes an illumination region for receiving computer generated image (“CGI”) light into the eyepiece frame and a viewing region to be aligned with an eye of a user. The in-coupling PBS is supported within the eyepiece frame at the illumination region to re-direct the CGI light to a forward propagation path extending along the air cavity towards the viewing region. The end reflector is disposed to reflect the CGI light back along a reverse propagation path within the eyepiece frame. The out-coupling PBS is supported at the viewing region to pass the CGI light traveling along the forward propagation path and to redirect the CGI light traveling along the reverse propagation path out of an eye-ward side of the eyepiece frame.

Abstract: A wire grid polarizer including a substrate, parallel conductive wire patterns which protrude from a top surface of the substrate, non-conductive wire patterns which are formed on the conductive wire patterns, respectively, and a protective layer which is formed on the conductive wire patterns and the non-conductive wire patterns. The protective layer includes first transparent particles having a diameter greater than a period of the conductive wire patterns, and spaces between the conductive wire patterns are filled with air or are evacuated to form a vacuum.

Abstract: A wire grid polarizer comprising an array of parallel, elongated first rib groups disposed over a substrate. Each first rib group can comprise a central first transmissive rib and a pair of first wires including a first wire disposed along each side of the first transmissive rib. A first dielectric material can substantially fill first gaps between each rib group and an adjacent rib group. An array of parallel, elongated second wires can be disposed over the rib groups and the first dielectric material. The first wires or the second wires can be absorptive and the other of the first wires or the second wires can be reflective.

Abstract: A polarizer, having touch sensing capability includes a first transparent conducive layer, a second transparent conducive layer, a polarizing layer, first electrodes and second electrodes. The first transparent conducive layer has a minimal resistance along a first direction and a maximal resistance or insulation along a second direction. The second transparent conducive layer has a maximal resistance or insulation along the first direction and a minimal resistance along the second direction. The polarizing layer is located between the first transparent conducive layer and the second transparent conducive layer. The first electrodes are spaced with each other and arranged in a first row along the second direction and electrically connected with the first transparent conducive layer. The second electrodes are spaced with each other and arranged in a second row along the first direction and electrically connected with the second transparent conducive layer.

Abstract: A polarizer includes a base substrate, a metal wire layer disposed on the base substrate, and a plurality of wire grid patterns disposed on the base substrate or the metal wire layer.

Abstract: A wire grid polarizer includes: a substrate; a wire grid layer disposed on the substrate and including a plurality of wire patterns arranged at regular intervals; and a passivation layer disposed on the substrate to cover the wire grid layer and including a material having a refractive index less than 1.4.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a wire grid polarizer, in which the wire grid polarizer is directly formed on a lower substrate, thereby decreasing the thickness of the liquid crystal display. In the wire grid polarizer formed on the lower substrate, a plurality of protective layers are formed on polarizing patterns that perform a polarizing function, so that it is possible to reduce or minimize the deterioration of characteristics of thin film transistors of the liquid crystal display, which are formed on the protective layers.

Abstract: An inorganic, dielectric grid polarizer device includes a stack of film layers disposed over a substrate. Each film layer is formed of a material that is both inorganic and dielectric. Adjacent film layers each have different refractive indices. At least one of the film layers is discontinuous to form a form-birefringent layer with an array of parallel ribs having a period less than 400 nm. Another layer, different than the form-birefringent layer, is formed of an optically absorptive material for the ultra-violet spectrum.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting display includes a display unit configured to generate an image and a wire grid polarizer on the display unit; the wire grid polarizer includes a base substrate and a plurality of wire grids formed on the base substrate, wherein the plurality of wire grids are spaced from one another and disposed in parallel, and a first spacing between each pair of the plurality of wire grids in a first region of the base substrate and a second spacing between each pair of the plurality of wire grids in a second region of the base substrate is different.

Abstract: Provided is a polarizer that includes wire grid structure (11) having a plurality of thin metal wires arranged to extend in one direction. Thin metal wire (13) is formed by stacking aluminum layer (5) and silver layer (6). Silver layer 6 is disposed on a side wherein incoming light enters wire grid structure (11).

Abstract: A polarizing plate having an excellent optical property and a method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. The polarizing plate includes: a transparent substrate 11 transmitting light in a used bandwidth; an absorbing layer 12 having at least a metal-containing semiconductor layer containing a metal, the absorbing layer being arranged as a one-dimensional lattice shaped wire-grid structure having a pitch smaller than the wavelength of the light in the used bandwidth; a dielectric layer 13 arranged as a one-dimensional lattice shaped wire-grid structure having a pitch smaller than the wavelength of light in the used bandwidth; and a reflective layer 14 arranged as a one-dimensional lattice shaped wire-grid structure having a pitch smaller than the wavelength of light in the used bandwidth, wherein the absorbing layer 12, the dielectric layer 13 and the reflective layer 14 are layered on the transparent substrate 11 in this or reversed order.

Abstract: A polarizer includes a base substrate and a metal pattern disposed on the base substrate and forming a wire grid. The wire grid has a width and a height and spaced apart from adjacent wire grid by a separation distance. A pitch is a sum of the width and the separation distance. A fill factor is obtained by dividing the width by the pitch. The range of the fill factor is based on an extinction ratio of polarization and a transmittance of the polarizer.

Abstract: A polarizer includes a base substrate and a dielectric stacked layer. The dielectric stacked layer in includes a first dielectric layer and second dielectric layer. The first dielectric layer has a high refractive index and a second dielectric layer has a low refractive index. A wire grid pattern is disposed on the dielectric stacked layer. The wire grid pattern has a line width, a separation distance and a pitch. The pitch is a sum of the line width and the separation distance. Adjacent grids of the wire grid pattern are spaced apart by the separation distance.

Abstract: A polarizer having a first surface bordered by an edge, including a standard region and a rib modification region. The standard region can include ribs having a standard characteristic. The standard region can be configured to polarize incident light. The rib modification region can be disposed along at least a segment of the edge of the substrate between the edge and at least a portion of the standard region. The rib modification region can comprise modified ribs modified from the standard characteristic to have a different characteristic.

Abstract: The reflectivity and transmissivity of building and vehicle surfaces is maintained while employing partial, variable, selective, or asymmetric diffusers between a surface and an external light source such that the reflected light is diffused to produce a reduction in glare, while minimally effecting the specular or collimated transmission (if any) of light through the surface. Glare is also reduced by utilizing diffuser devices that reflect light in a temperature dependent manner.

Abstract: A wire grid polarizer comprising a transparent substrate having a first surface. Multiple separate and discrete sections of wire grids can be disposed over the first surface and attached to the substrate, with a border between the sections including an opaque mask material. The mask material can be disposed over the first surface of the substrate. The mask material can be a material different than the wire grid material. The mask material can extend over or under a portion of an edge of the wire grid.

Abstract: Provided are diffuser, method of manufacturing same, and liquid crystal display device employing the diffuser. Liquid crystal display device includes: backlight unit; liquid crystal panel on which image is formed by using light emitted by backlight unit, and comprising: color filter comprising plurality of pixels each of which comprises plurality of subpixels that are alternately arranged and transmit light in different wavelength bands; and liquid crystal layer whose transmittance is adjusted under electrical control; and diffuser disposed on a top surface or a bottom surface of the liquid crystal panel and comprising diffusing areas and transparent areas which alternate with each other at intervals corresponding to the width of the subpixels, wherein the liquid crystal layer comprises liquid crystal areas corresponding to the diffusing areas and liquid crystal areas corresponding to the transparent areas and the transmittances of the liquid crystal areas are adjusted according to the subpixels.

Abstract: A grid polarizer including an array of groups of parallel elongated ribs disposed over a substrate. Each group of elongated ribs can comprise at least four ribs. Tops of two center ribs, at a center of each group, can be substantially the same elevational height and can be higher by more than 10 nm than tops of outer ribs of the groups. A region between adjacent ribs can have an index of refraction substantially equal to one. Some or all of the ribs can comprise polarizing wires disposed over substrate rods.

Abstract: A high-transparency, low-emissivity window film or coating is designed to maximize so-called greenhouse heating. This effect is achieved through the use of conductive grids and/or gratings whose width and spacing has been selected such that the grid appears as a uniform conductive film to long-wavelength infrared (blackbody) radiation. The conductive grid film reflects the blackbody radiation strongly, and such that the grid appears highly transparent to visible and near-infrared light, and therefore transmits it.

Abstract: A wire grid polarizer includes a substrate, a wire grid layer which is disposed on the substrate and includes a plurality of wire patterns arranged with a predetermined interval, where gaps are defined between the wire patterns, and a passivation layer which is disposed on the wire grid layer and includes first passivation particles which cover a top portion of the gaps.

Abstract: A wire grid type polarization structure is disclosed. In one aspect, the polarization structure includes a retardation layer and a plurality of nanowires formed on the retardation layer. Each of the nanowires includes a wire core and a shell enclosing the wire core. The wire cores include metal nanoparticles embedded therein. The metal nanoparticles may absorb the visible lights effectively, so that the wire grid type polarization structure may have a desired polarization characteristic.

Abstract: A reflective polarizer, a method of manufacturing a reflective polarizer, an optical element, and a display device are provided. The reflective polarizer may have excellent thermal and physical durability even when exposed to a light source and external friction. In addition, the method for manufacturing a reflective polarizer may provide a large-sized reflective polarizer without using expensive equipment.

Abstract: The present invention provides a small and inexpensive optical element that integrates a reflecting mirror and a wave plate function. A reflecting wave plate is configured by arranging a periodic metal comb-like structure whose pitch is equal to or below a wavelength and a mirror structure with a distance equal to or below a coherence length.

Abstract: A wire grid polarizer with multiple functionality sections. Separate and discrete sections can include a difference in pitch p, a difference in wire width w, a difference in wire height h, a difference in wire material, a difference in coating on top of the wires, a difference in thin film between the wires and the substrate, a difference in substrate between the wires, a difference in number of layers of separate wires, and/or a difference in wire cross-sectional shape.

Abstract: Wire grid polarizers, methods of fabricating a wire grid polarizer and display panels including a wire grid polarizer are provided, the methods include preparing a mold having a lower surface in which a plurality of parallel fine grooves are formed, and arranging the mold on a transparent substrate. The plurality of parallel fine grooves are filled with a conductive liquid ink. A plurality of parallel conductive nano wires are formed on the transparent substrate by curing the conductive liquid ink. The mold is removed.

Abstract: A wire grid polarizer with substrate channels comprising an array of substantially parallel channels extending into a substrate. An array of substantially parallel ribs is defined between the array of channels and integral with and extend from the substrate. The channels contain at least one material to form an array of substantially parallel wires. The ribs separate the wires into separate and discrete wires.

Abstract: A technology that allows improvement in the performance of an optical element a representative example of which is a polarizing element is provided. In a split wire element according to an embodiment of the invention, each of a plurality of split wires (SPW) has gaps formed in a y direction at a period ?, and the period ? is greater than or equal to a Rayleigh wavelength (?/n). According to the thus configured split wire element of the embodiment of the invention, optical performance can be improved as compared with a wire-grid element formed of straight wires having no periodic structure in the y direction.

Abstract: A wire grid polarizing plate (10) has a substrate (11) having a concavo-convex structure extending in a particular direction on its surface, and a conductive material (12) provided to be distributed on one side surface (11b) of a convex portion (11a) of the concavo-convex structure. Further, in the wire grid polarizing plate (10), in a cross-sectional view in the perpendicular direction to the extension direction of the concavo-convex structure, a pitch P1 that is a distance between two adjacent convex portions (11a) is set at 120 nm or less, and a convex-portion height (H) that is a difference in height between a highest portion (11c) of the convex portion (11a) and a lowest portion (11e) of a concave portion (11d) is set at 0.8 time to 1.3 time the pitch P1. With the wire grid polarizing plate (10) in a liquid crystal display device, high image quality can be achieved.

Abstract: An eyepiece for a HMD includes a waveguide, an ambient light polarizer, and a wire grid polarizer with a diffraction lens having a lens function patterned into the wire grid polarizer. Polarized image light is guided between eye-ward and ambient sides of the waveguide from a display source to a viewing region of the waveguide where the polarized image light is directed out of the waveguide through the eye-ward side. The viewing region passes ambient light incident on the ambient side through to the eye-ward side. The ambient light polarizer is disposed adjacent to the ambient side to polarize the ambient light into polarized ambient light having a second polarization orthogonal to the first polarization. The wire grid polarizer is disposed adjacent to the eye-ward side along the viewing region. The wire grid polarizer is oriented to applying the lens function to the polarized image light via diffraction.

Abstract: A wire grid polarizer formed as a self-assembled coating on a substrate surface. Metal or other conductive nanowires are coated with a transparent dielectric material having a thickness approximately equal to one-half of the desired WGP wire spacing or pitch. A suspension of coated nanowires in a chromonic liquid crystal is shear-coated onto an aligned substrate and dried. The chromonic liquid crystal, a solution of dye molecules and water, forms an orderly structure and induces the nanowires to align with their longitudinal axes parallel to the shear direction and/or alignment direction. The polarizer has a minimum polarizing wavelength determined by an average lateral spacing of nanowire segments. The polarizer has a transmissivity and a contrast ratio determined by the width of the nanowire segments.

Abstract: A method includes providing a layer having a plurality of spaced-apart lines of a first material extending along a first direction and forming a line of a second material on opposing surfaces of each line of the first material, the first and second materials being different and adjacent lines of the second material being discontinuous. After forming the lines of the second material, forming pairs of spaced-apart lines of a third material between adjacent pairs of the lines of the second material, wherein each line of the third material is spaced apart from the closest line of the second material and the first and third materials are different.

Abstract: A method comprises spatially selectively irradiating in a predetermined pattern with an output beam of a laser system an interface between a polymer substrate and a metal film on the polymer substrate. The polymer substrate is substantially transparent to the output beam of the laser system; the metal film absorbs a substantial fraction of the output beam. Laser system output comprises a sequence of pulses. Beam size at the polymer/metal interface, pulse energy, and pulse duration are selected so that each pulse from the laser system that irradiates an area of the polymer/metal interface substantially completely removes by ablation the metal film from at least a portion of the irradiated area without substantially altering the surfaces or bulk of the polymer substrate and without leaving on the polymer substrate or on remaining areas of the metal film substantial residue of metal that resolidified after being melted by the laser irradiation.

Abstract: A polarizing plate, a fabrication method thereof, and a display device using the same are provided. The polarizing plate includes a polarizing element, a first adhesive layer formed on one surface of the polarizing element, a second adhesive layer formed on the other surface of the polarizing element, a protective film attached to an upper portion of the first adhesive layer, a bonding layer attached to a lower portion of the second adhesive layer, and a luminance enhancement film attached to the bonding layer.

Abstract: The absorptive wire-grid polarizer includes a periodic structure formed on a substrate surface of a dielectric substrate and constituted by a metal and one or more dielectric materials. The periodic structure has a one-dimensional grating structure in which, in a sectional plane orthogonal to a normal to the substrate surface, grating portions of a metal grating formed of the metal and grating portions of dielectric gratings formed of the one or more dielectric materials are one-dimensionally arranged with a grating period P. The Conditions of nm?1.0, km?2.0, 0.01?FF?0.25, Nb?1.40, and h?250 [nm] are satisfied where h represents an entire height of the metal and dielectric gratings, nm represents a refractive index of a real part of a complex refractive index of the metal, km represents an extinction coefficient of an imaginary part of the complex refractive index, and nb represents an average refractive index of the dielectric grating.

Abstract: In a polarization conversion element including a plurality of light transmitting substrates and an optical element that includes polarization splitting films and reflective films that are alternately disposed between the light transmitting substrates, and a laminated wave plate that is arranged on the light outgoing face of the optical element and rotates the polarization plane of light emitted from the optical element by ?, a laminated wave plate is acquired by stacking a first wave plate of a phase difference ?1 for light of a wavelength ? and a second wave plate of a phase difference of ?2 such that the optical axes thereof intersect each other, the relationship is “|?1??2|=180 (degrees), and the azimuth of the optical axis of the first wave plate and the azimuth of the optical axis of the second wave plate are perpendicular to each other.

Abstract: An image waveguide includes first and second reflective surfaces being substantially parallel and opposing each other. The waveguide receives light from an in-coupling region through the first reflective surface, the light received at a first angle of incidence with respect to the second reflective surface. A reflective end surface positioned at an end of the waveguide and offset from perpendicular to the first and second reflective surfaces reflects the light to a second angle of incidence with respect to the second reflective surface that is less than the first angle of incidence. The light exits through an out-coupling region disposed on the first reflective surface to output the light at the second angle of incidence from the waveguide out the first reflective surface.

Abstract: An inorganic, dielectric grid polarizer device includes a stack of film layers disposed over a substrate. Each film layer is formed of a material that is both inorganic and dielectric. Adjacent film layers each have different refractive indices. At least one of the film layers is discontinuous to form a form-birefringent layer with an array of parallel ribs having a period less than 400 nm. Another layer, different than the form-birefringent layer, is formed of an optically absorptive material for the ultra-violet spectrum.

Abstract: The polarization beam splitting element includes a one-dimensional grating structure having a grating period smaller than a wavelength of an entering beam and including a metal grating portion, and two light-transmissive members each having a refractive index higher than that of air. The one-dimensional grating structure is disposed between the two light-transmissive members. The grating period of the one-dimensional grating structure is 120 nm or less, a thickness of the one-dimensional grating structure is 100 nm or less and an inter-grating portion of the one-dimensional grating structure is formed as a vacuum space or formed of air or a dielectric material. The grating period ? [nm], a filling factor FF that is a ratio w/? of a width w [nm] of the grating portion to the grating period, a refractive index na of the inter-grating portion and a wavelength ?g of 550 [nm] satisfy (1.4na?2.9)?/?g?0.57na+1.32?FF?(1.4na?2.9)?/?g?0.57na+1.39 and 0.152np?1.375(?/?g)+0.5?FF?0.152np?1.375(?/?g)+0.6.

Abstract: A polarizer includes a substrate having a first refractive index, a metal pattern disposed on the substrate, and a passivation layer disposed on the metal pattern. The metal pattern includes a plurality of protrusions having widths. The passivation layer has a second refractive index and covers at least one surface of the protrusions.

Abstract: A display panel may include a plurality of opening regions controlling one of transmission and blocking of incident light to form an image, a non-opening region between the plurality of opening regions, the non-opening region configured to not transmit the incident light, and at least one oblique reflective plate in the non-opening region to obliquely reflect the incident light.

Abstract: Disclosed are a wire grid polarizer, which exhibits high polarization, p-polarized light transmittance, and s-polarized light reflectance in the visible light region, and the optical characteristics of which have low angular dependence and wavelength dependence, and a manufacturing method for the same.

Abstract: A stereoscopic projection system includes an optical engine, a relay lens group, a polarization conversion system and two identical projection lenses. The optical engine is used for outputting a non-polarized image light. The non-polarized image light is imaged into the polarization conversion system through the relay lens group to produce an intermediate image. The polarization conversion system includes a polarization beam splitter, a polarization rotating element and a polarization switch. The polarization beam splitter is used for splitting the non-polarized image light into a first-state first polarized beam and a second-state second polarized beam, which have the same total optical length. By the polarization switch, the first output polarized beam and the second output polarized beam are alternately switched between the first state and the second state. The projection lenses are located in the first optical path and the second optical path for projecting the intermediate image.

Abstract: A polarization element includes: a substrate; and a plurality of grid sections arranged on the substrate, wherein the grid sections each have protruding sections and recessed sections alternately arranged in a longitudinal direction of the grid sections at a pitch shorter than a wavelength of incident light, in the plurality of grid sections, the arrangement pitch P of the protruding sections is the same, and a proportion (D=L/P) of a length L of the protruding section to the arrangement pitch P of the protruding sections is the same, and a height of the protruding sections is different between the grid sections adjacent to each other.

Abstract: A polarizer includes an opening defined in the polarizer and through which light transmits; a non-opening which is adjacent to the opening and blocks the light; a plurality of metal lines elongated in a first direction, and separated from each other in a second direction different than the first direction, in the opening; and a plate-type pattern in the non-opening. A height of the metal lines is smaller than a height of the plate-type pattern, from a same reference; and an interval in the second direction and between adjacent metal lines is smaller than a wavelength of visible light rays.

Abstract: A wire grid type polarization structure is disclosed. In one aspect, the polarization structure includes a retardation layer and a plurality of nanowires formed on the retardation layer. Each of the nanowires includes a wire core and a shell enclosing the wire core. The wire cores include metal nanoparticles embedded therein. The metal nanoparticles may absorb the visible lights effectively, so that the wire grid type polarization structure may have a desired polarization characteristic.

Abstract: A display panel includes an array substrate, an opposite substrate facing the array substrate, and a liquid crystal layer between the substrates. The array substrate includes a first polarizer, a first insulating layer covering the first metal layer, a gate electrode on the first insulating layer, a gate insulation layer on the gate electrode, a channel layer on the gate insulation layer, source and drain electrodes on the channel layer, a protecting layer covering the source and drain electrodes and including a contact hole exposing the drain electrode, and a first electrode on the protecting layer and electrically connected to the drain electrode through the contact hole. The first polarizer includes a first substrate, a first antistatic layer on the first substrate and including a conductive material, and a first metal layer on the first antistatic layer and including a plurality of protrusions which form a wire grid pattern.

Abstract: A polarizer includes a substrate, and a first metal layer and a second metal layer disposed on the substrate. The first metal layer includes a plurality of protrusions of a wire grid pattern. Each protrusion has a first width and adjacent protrusions are spaced apart by a second width. The second metal layer is disposed on each of the protrusions of the first metal layer, and includes molybdenum (Mo) and/or titanium (Ti).

Abstract: A wire grid polarizer can have a repeated pattern of groups of parallel elongated wires disposed over a substrate. Each group of wires can comprise at least three wires. At least one wire at an interior of each group can be taller than outermost wires of each group. The wires can be a byproduct of an etch reaction.