Abstract: A display apparatus includes a first mirror and a half mirror between a display device and a concave mirror. The first mirror reflects emission light emitted from an elongate display surface of the display device, toward the half mirror. The half mirror reflects the light reflected by the first mirror, toward the concave mirror. The concave mirror reflects the light reflected by the half mirror, toward the half mirror. In a top view of the display apparatus, a line passing through a center of the display surface in a longitudinal direction and parallel to the longitudinal direction and a tangent line passing through a center of a reflection surface of the concave mirror in a longitudinal direction and parallel to the longitudinal direction intersect at a predetermined angle.

Abstract: An information display device attachable to a structure includes a display panel and a surface member. The display panel has a display surface and is configured to display information on the display surface. The surface member is a surface member disposed on a display surface side of the display panel, and has a larger surface area than the display panel. When the display panel is turned on, only the information displayed on the display surface of the display panel becomes visible through the surface member.

Abstract: A metrology apparatus is disclosed that measures a structure formed on a substrate to determine a parameter of interest. The apparatus comprises an optical system configured to focus radiation onto the structure and direct radiation after reflection from the structure onto a detector, wherein: the optical system is configured such that the detector detects a radiation intensity resulting from interference between radiation from at least two different points in a pupil plane field distribution, wherein the interference is such that a component of the detected radiation intensity containing information about the parameter of interest is enhanced relative to one or more other components of the detected radiation intensity.

Abstract: This invention relates to a cold mirror for a head-up display apparatus and provides a cold mirror that enables suppression of a phenomenon of change in color tone of an image depending on a position from which the image is viewed. This invention also provides a head-up display apparatus including the cold mirror. In a head-up display apparatus, display light of an image displayed on a display is reflected by a cold mirror and a reflected image of the image is viewed by a viewer. A relationship between an incident wavelength and a reflection phase difference in the cold mirror is set so that the reflection phase difference falls within a range of 180±60 degrees for an entire visible wavelength range of 420 to 680 nm.

Abstract: An illumination device (100) for illuminating an at least partially reflective surface (S) viewable by an observer (O) is disclosed. The illumination device (100) comprises a light-emitting module (110, 120) adapted to generate polarized light having a selected direction of polarization. Further, the illumination device (100) is adapted to illuminate the at least partially reflective surface (S) with the polarized light, and is adjustable so as to effect adjustment in the direction of polarization of light illuminating the at least partially reflective surface (S) in relation to the orientation of a plane of incidence of light incident on the at least partially reflective surface. An indicator (130) is arranged such as to provide guidance for the observer (O) how to adjust the direction of polarization of light illuminating the at least partially reflective surface (S). Thereby, the extent of light reflection from the at least partially reflective surface (S) may be adjusted.

Abstract: A condensing-type portable fluorescence detection system which detects antigens using fluorescence includes: a light source generating light to excite a fluorescent substance; a first filter selecting a proper wavelength range from the light generated from the light source; a spherical mirror including two hemispherical mirrors having different curvature radiuses and connected to each other, and condensing the light excited and emitted from the light source; a second filter selecting a proper wavelength range of the light condensed by the spherical mirror; and a photodetector detecting fluorescence from the light condensed by the spherical mirror and passing through the second filter.

Abstract: A catadioptric optical system includes a first imaging optical system including a catadioptric part configured to condense a light flux from an object and to form an intermediate image of the object, and a second imaging optical system including a dioptric part configured to form an image of the intermediate image on an image surface. The light flux from the object passes through the light transmission part of the first optical element, the negative lens, the backside reflection part of the second optical element, the negative lens, the backside reflection part of the first optical element, the negative lens, and the light transmission part of the second optical element, in this order, and is emitted to the second imaging optical system. An Abbe number of a material of the negative lens is larger than that of a material of the second optical element.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided with a display such as a liquid crystal display mounted in an electronic device housing. The display has a layer of liquid crystal material sandwiched between an upper display layer such as a color filter layer and a lower display layer such as a thin-film-transistor layer. An upper polarizer is formed on the upper surface of the color filter layer. A lower polarizer is formed on the lower surface of the thin-film-transistor layer. To protect display layers such as a glass color filter layer substrate for the color filter layer from damage during polarizer trimming operations, a coating is deposited on a peripheral edge of the glass color filter layer substrate. The coating may be formed from an elastomeric polymer such as silicone and may remain in place or may be removed following trimming operations.

Abstract: The present invention provides a small and inexpensive optical element that integrates a reflecting mirror and a wave plate function. A reflecting wave plate is configured by arranging a periodic metal comb-like structure whose pitch is equal to or below a wavelength and a mirror structure with a distance equal to or below a coherence length.

Abstract: A collector for a projection exposure apparatus for microlithography comprises a plurality of reflective sections which are embodied and arranged in such a way that they can be impinged upon during the focusing of radiation from a first focus into a second focus with angles of impingement in a predefined angular spectrum.

Abstract: The effective focal length of an optical system can be electronically controlled using switchable wave plates in conjunction with polarized light.

Abstract: A display panel may include a plurality of opening regions controlling one of transmission and blocking of incident light to form an image, a non-opening region between the plurality of opening regions, the non-opening region configured to not transmit the incident light, and at least one oblique reflective plate in the non-opening region to obliquely reflect the incident light.

Abstract: An illumination system and a projection device comprising the same are provided. The projection device further comprises an imaging system. The illumination system comprises a first light source, a dichroic element and a wheel plate. The dichroic element comprises a first dichroic portion and a second dichroic portion. The first light source provides a first wave band light, which is reflected to the wheel plate by the first dichroic portion. When being projected onto a wave band transforming area of the wheel plate, the first wave band light will be transformed into a second wave band light by the wave band transforming area and then emits through the first dichroic portion and the second dichroic portion. When being projected onto a reflecting area of the wheel plate, the first wave band light will be reflected by the reflecting area to emit through the second dichroic portion.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an optical system of a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus and to a microlithographic exposure method. An optical system of a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus includes an image rotator, which is arranged in the optical system such that light impinging on the image rotator is at least partially polarized. The image rotator rotates, for light impinging on the image rotator, both the intensity distribution and the polarization distribution of through a given angle of rotation.

Abstract: A polarization converter and polarization conversion systems are provided. The polarization converter and polarization conversion systems include a patterned polarization grating with left hand and right hand polarization grating domains. The polarization grating domains are configured to diffract incident non-polarized light into beams having left and right circular polarization states.

Abstract: Method and system for laser cutting is disclosed. Using a novel dual-focus optical conversion unit. The dual-focus optical conversion unit may comprise a beam splitter and a convex mirror. The beam splitter may be insensitive to the polarization of an incident beam. The convex mirror may be placed beyond and parallel to the beam splitter, wherein the surface of the convex mirror may be coated with a reflective phase-retarder coating.

Abstract: A vehicle simulation system equipped to display information on the rear side of a driver (rider). The simulation system includes a dummy bicycle operated by the rider, a monitor on the front side for displaying a scene based on the operations of the dummy bicycle, and a lamp unit connected to the dummy bicycle and provided on the rear side relative to the seated position of the rider. The lamp unit has a red lamp, a yellow lamp and a green lamp, and is controlledly turned ON under the action of a main control unit. An input device is provided on a steering handle of the dummy bicycle. The input device has a switch for red, a switch for yellow, and a switch for green. The rider checks behind, and operates the input device according to the ON/OFF conditions of the lamp unit.

Abstract: A polarization mode dispersion (PMD) generating apparatus includes a polarization plane controller; a unit function block including a first differential group delay (DGD) generator, a first mode mixer, and a second DGD generator, a second mode mixer and a reflective mirror, which are arranged in this order from the input side of input light free from PMD. Part of the first and second DGD generators is disposed on a driven stage to modify the optical path length. The input light has polarization converted by the polarization plane controller and is inputted to the first DGD generator to propagate back and forth on an optical path from the unit function block through the second mode mixer to the reflective mirror. In the PMD-generating apparatus, the driven stage adjusts a DGD amount between orthogonal eigen-polarization modes generated in the first and second DGD generators on the basis of an applicable wavelength band.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to an optical element, a light projector that includes the optical element, and an image projector that includes the optical element. In particular, the optical element provides an improved uniformity of light by homogenizing the light with lenslet arrays, such as “fly-eye arrays” (FEA). The FEA is positioned to homogenize a polarized combined light after an unpolarized input light is converted to a single polarization state.

Abstract: An image forming system is described that includes a light source that provides a light beam and an anamorphic refractive optical element. A first outer surface of the anamorphic element faces the light source and includes a toric surface. The light beam is incident upon the first outer face and then an incident surface of the anamorphic element. The anamorphic element directs the light beam to an image forming device. An illumination system is also described where an anamorphic element includes a toric surface and a facet surface.

Abstract: An optical system of a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus includes at least one mirror arrangement having a plurality of mirror elements which are displaceable independently of each other for altering an angular distribution of the light reflected by the mirror arrangement. The optical system also includes a polarization-influencing optical arrangement including a first lambda/2 plate and at least one additional lambda/2 plate.

Abstract: Generally, the present disclosure describes a compact optical integrator that provides an increased path length for a beam of light in a compact projection system. The increased path length can improve the uniformity of the light passing through the compact projection system, with a minimal increase in the size of the system. The light can be homogenized by mixing light entering the integrator from different regions of the input area. The compact optical integrator can be positioned in the optical path between a light source and a spatial light modulator, such as a liquid crystal display (LCD) or a digital micro-mirror (DMM) array.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a polarization-maintaining reflector arrangement comprising a reflector group including at least one polarizing reflector and at least one compensating reflector, wherein the incident plane for the polarizing reflectors is perpendicular to the incident plane for the compensating reflectors, and the product of s-wave reflectance of all the polarizing reflectors and p-wave reflectance of all the compensating reflectors is equal to the product of s-wave reflectance of all the compensating reflectors and p-wave reflectance of all the polarizing reflectors. One or more reflector groups can be used in the light path. The invention can conveniently and effectively eliminate the polarization caused by reflection.

Abstract: A system and method to polarize a reflective layer on a vehicle mirror to reveal a convex mirror to view objects in a vehicle blindspot includes a primary mirror having first and second surfaces, an electrically polarizable reflective coating on at least a portion of the first surface reflective in a depolarized state and clear when polarized by an applied electric current, a blind zone viewing convex mirror adjacent to the second surface and proximal to the polarizable coating of the first surface; and a blind spot detection system electrically connected to the primary mirror and a power source to automatically apply current to the first surface when an object is detected in a blind spot and change the reflectivity polarizable coating on the first surface and expose the concave mirror and discontinuing current to the reflective coating once an object has passed out of the blind spot.

Abstract: The invention is directed to highly reflective optical elements having an amorphous MgAl2O4?SiO2 coating with fluoride enhancements inserted and sealed by dense smooth SiO2 layers, and to a method for preparing such elements using energetic deposition techniques and the spinel crystalline form of MgAl2O4 as the source of the amorphous MgAl2O4 coating, The coating and the method described herein can be used to make highly reflective mirrors, and can also be applied to beamsplitters, prisms, lenses, output couplers and similar elements used in <200 nm laser systems.

Abstract: An image forming system is described that includes a light source that provides a light beam and an anamorphic refractive optical element. A first outer surface of the anamorphic element faces the light source and includes a toric surface. The light beam is incident upon the first outer face and then an incident surface of the anamorphic element. The anamorphic element directs the light beam to an image forming device. An illumination system is also described where an anamorphic element includes a toric surface and a facet surface.

Abstract: A stereoscopic projection system includes an optical engine, a relay lens group, a polarization conversion system and two identical projection lenses. The optical engine is used for outputting a non-polarized image light. The non-polarized image light is imaged into the polarization conversion system through the relay lens group to produce an intermediate image. The polarization conversion system includes a polarization beam splitter, a polarization rotating element and a polarization switch. The polarization beam splitter is used for splitting the non-polarized image light into a first-state first polarized beam and a second-state second polarized beam, which have the same total optical length. By the polarization switch, the first output polarized beam and the second output polarized beam are alternately switched between the first state and the second state. The projection lenses are located in the first optical path and the second optical path for projecting the intermediate image.

Abstract: The present invention is a time division multiplexed beam combination for laser signal generation. In one aspect, the time division multiplexed beam combination employs a mechanical implementation. In a second aspect, the time division multiplexed beam combination employ a polarization interlacing.

Abstract: In general, in one aspect, the invention features a catadioptric projection objective having a plurality of optical elements arranged along an optical axis to image a pattern arranged in an object surface of the projection objective onto an image surface of the projection objective. The optical elements include a concave mirror, a first deflecting mirror tilted relative to the optical axis and a second deflecting mirror. The catadioptric projection objective can image patterns including sub-patterns oriented in various directions such that line width variations due to differences of orientation of sub-patterns are largely avoided.

Abstract: An optical system is provided, for example for use with a display device, for varying the shape of a surface in which an image displayed by the display device is perceived. The optical system comprises first and second spaced-apart partial reflectors, at least one of which is switchable between a first non-flat shape and a second different shape, which may be flat or non-flat. The reflectors, together with polarisation optics, provide a light path such that light from the display is at least partially transmitted by the first reflector, partially reflected by the second reflector, partially reflected by the first reflector and partially transmitted by the second reflector. Light which does not follow the light path is prevented from leaving the optical system.

Abstract: A dual pulsed light generation apparatus including a polarization beam splitter (PBS), a first polarization reflector, and a second polarization reflector is provided. The PBS has a first plane, a second plane, and a dividing interface located between the first plane and the second plane. The PBS is located in the transmission path of an incident pulsed light and used for dividing the incident pulsed light into a first polarization pulsed light reflected by the dividing interface and a second polarization pulsed light passing through the dividing interface. The first polarization reflector is disposed opposite to the first plane and transforms the first polarization pulsed light into a third polarization pulsed light passing through the dividing interface. The first polarization reflector is disposed opposite to the second plane.