Abstract: A first optical system (10) according to the present disclosure includes a first lens (111) that guides light (LO) to a diffraction grating (3), a second lens (112) that collimates first diffracted light (L1) that was focused at a first focal point (f1), a pair of first mirrors (12, 13), a third lens (113) that focuses the first diffracted light (L1) at a second focal point (f2), and a fourth lens (114) that guides the first diffracted light (L1) that was focused by the third lens (113) to the diffraction grating (3). The first lens (111) and the fourth lens (114) have a substantially identical first focal length. The second lens (112) and the third lens (113) have a substantially identical second focal length. A first distance along an optical path from the first focal point (f1) to the second focal point (f2) is determined by a first predetermined condition.

Abstract: Devices, systems and methods are described that efficiently convert an incident light having a particular polarization into light having a plurality of polarizations that are distributed according to a particular pattern. For example, the output light can have a plurality of plurality of polarization states that are randomly distribute over the Poincaré sphere. One polarization scrambler includes a plurality of polarization elements positioned to receive polarized or partially polarized light. Each polarization element includes a half waveplate to rotate a polarization direction of the polarized or partially polarized light, and a quarter waveplate to receive light that exits the first layer and to change a polarization state of the light that exits the first layer to another polarization state. The polarization scrambler further includes a substrate to receive the light after exiting the quarter waveplate, and to provide the output light that includes a plurality of polarization states.

Abstract: The disclosure concerns an illumination system of a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus. The illumination system includes a mirror arrangement which has a plurality of mirror units and at least one element arranged in front of the mirror arrangement in the light propagation direction to produce at least two different states of polarization incident on different mirror units. The mirror units are displaceable independently of each other for altering an angle distribution of the light reflected by the mirror arrangement.

Abstract: Provided are nanograting structures and methods of fabrication thereof that allow for stable, robust gratings and nanostructure embedded gratings that enhance electromagnetic field, fluorescence, and photothermal coupling through surface plasmon or, photonic resonance. The gratings produced exhibit long term stability of the grating structure and improved shelf life without degradation of the properties such as fluorescence enhancement. Embodiments of the invention build nanograting structures layer-by-layer to optimize structural and optical properties and to enhance durability.

Abstract: [Object] To provide a polarization independent optical isolator enabling downsizing of a Faraday element and a magnet. [Solving means] The polarization independent optical isolator comprises: a pair of wedge-shaped birefringent crystal plates (1, 2) provided in an optical path; and a Faraday element (30) made of a paramagnetic body and provided in the optical path between the wedge-shaped birefringent crystal plates. The pair of wedge-shaped birefringent crystal plates have inclined light-transmitting surfaces parallel to each other and non-inclined light-transmitting surfaces parallel to each other. The non-inclined light-transmitting surfaces are disposed to face the Faraday element.

Abstract: A single-pump multi-wavelength lasing semiconductor Raman pump laser comprises a thermoelectric cooler arranged in a shell; a heat transition bearing platform arranged in the thermoelectric cooler; a semiconductor Raman pump laser tube core arranged on the heat transition bearing platform; and a coupling lens group , a thermistor and a backlight detector that are arranged on the heat transition bearing platform respectively. The pump laser tube core, the backlight detector, the thermistor and the thermoelectric cooler are electrically connected to pins outside a laser tube shell. A pump combination apparatus comprises a first signal transmission fiber, a pump signal combiner and a second signal transmission fiber that are sequentially connected to each other. An input terminal of the pump signal combiner is connected to an output terminal of an isolated polarization beam combiner and depolarizer.

Abstract: A light beam is applied to a front surface of an optical depolarizer. The depolarizer rotates the polarization of light received on different surface positions by different amounts, so that the average incoming polarization is scrambled. The depolarizer has a first and second body that transmit first and second polarization components of the beam with mutually different speeds of light. Each body has two wedge shaped parts of variable thickness, corresponding wedge shaped parts in the two bodies providing light paths of substantially position independent lengths, but with variable rotation of polarization. The wedge shape parts of the front body form a concave input surface for the incoming beam. This prevents cross-over of light between the different wedge shaped parts.

Abstract: A polarization plate is provided for use between a light source and a display panel, where the light source is configured to emit light having a plurality of planes of polarization and the display panel is configured to have a predetermined polarization axis. The plate includes a repolarization region and a prepolarization region. The repolarization region is configured to diffuse and to depolarize or rotate at least one plane of polarization of the light passing therethrough. The prepolarization region is disposed adjacent to and in contact with the repolarization region. The prepolarization region is configured to be substantially nonabsorbent, to allow passage of light having a plane of polarization that is substantially aligned with the predetermined polarization axis, and to prevent passage of light having a plane of polarization that is not substantially aligned with the predetermined polarization axis. In another embodiment, an interface is provided between the regions.

Abstract: An illumination optical system which illuminates an illumination objective surface with a light from a light source. The illumination optical system includes a spatial light modulator which includes a plurality of optical elements arranged within a predetermined plane and controlled individually, and which forms a light intensity distribution in an illumination pupil of the illumination optical system; and a polarization unit which is arranged in a position optically conjugate with the predetermined plane, and which polarizes an incident light beam having a first and second partial light beams, coming into the polarization unit such that the first and second partial light beams have polarization states different from each other, and emits the polarized incident light beam as an outgoing light beam, wherein the polarization unit changes, in a cross section of the outgoing light beam, a ratio between a cross sectional areas of the first and second partial light beams.

Abstract: Directed to a film having a depolarizing function, in which anisotropic volumetric regions are dispersed in a translucent matrix. For the translucent matrix, a material capable of forming a film itself, a hard coating layer formed on a surface of the film or a layer of an adhesive can be employed. It is therefore possible to provide a film, having a depolarizing function, of a kind in which when the film of the present invention is mounted on a surface of a polarizing plate arranged on a surface of a liquid crystal display device or an organic electroluminescent display device, the polarized state of a display light emerging outwardly from a display screen is partially altered and, hence, even when polarizing eyeglasses are worn on, darkening of the displayed image can be prevented and, also, a considerable shading of the color tone of the image can be reduced.

Abstract: A depolarization element includes high depolarization for light beams having coherence and plural wavelengths and also provides a projection type display device capable of reducing speckle noise. Unit regions, each formed of m regions (m?4) having different phase differences generated for incident light, are disposed, and two regions extracted from the m regions have at least one combination of regions being different in area. When plural light beams having different wavelengths are incident, the composition of the Stokes vectors of the light beams emitted from the respective m regions is made nearly zero by setting the areas of the respective m regions and the generated phase differences, whereby the light beams having coherence and plural wavelengths can be converted so as to have the polarization state of natural light.

Abstract: The reflectivity and transmissivity of building and vehicle surfaces is maintained while employing partial, variable, selective, or asymmetric diffusers between a surface and an external light source such that the reflected light is diffused to produce a reduction in glare, while minimally effecting the specular or collimated transmission (if any) of light through the surface. Glare is also reduced by utilizing diffuser devices that reflect light in a temperature dependent manner.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, for optical depolarization. One optical depolarizer includes a light-combining module comprising a birefringent prism, wherein an optic axis of a first crystal of the birefringent prism forms a 90° angle with an optic axis of a second crystal of the birefringent prism; and a depolarization module, wherein the depolarization module is disposed at a light emitting end of the light-combining module, the depolarization module comprising a light splitting component and a light-combining component disposed at an emitting end of the light-splitting component, and a delayer disposed between the light-splitting component and the light-combining component, wherein the delayer is disposed on an emitting optical path of the light-splitting component.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a backlight source; a liquid crystal cell; and a polarization adjusting layer disposed outside the liquid crystal cell and used to adjust the polarization direction of the linear polarized light emitted from the liquid crystal cell and transmitted through the polarization adjusting layer, wherein the polarization adjusting layer comprises a base body and optical anisotropic crystal grains dispersed within the base body. Also a liquid crystal display device is provided.

Abstract: A polarized light beam having a coherence length L can be depolarized by splitting the beam into orthogonally polarized sub-beams and delaying one of the sub-beams relative to the other by a length larger than L. This spatial delay is created by splitting the beam in a walk-off crystal and disposing in the optical path of one of the sub-beams a slab of an optically dense material, while allowing the other sub-beam to propagate outside and near the slab. The sub-beams remain parallel to each other, allowing another walk-off crystal to be used to recombine the sub-beams. A dual-core fiber ferrule and a microlens array can be used to combine fiber-coupled output beams of two laser diodes in a single compact walk-off crystal.

Abstract: The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer for an optical film of the invention is formed by a process comprising applying a water-dispersible pressure-sensitive adhesive containing emulsion particles comprising polymer particles emulsified with a surfactant and then drying the applied water-dispersible pressure-sensitive adhesive, and is in such a state that the polymer particles have a number average particle size (a) of 10 nm to 100 nm and that the ratio (a/b) of the number average particle size (a) to the average distance (b) between adjacent polymer particles is from 80/20 to 99.9/0.1, when the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer being observed with a transmission electron microscope. The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer makes it possible to reduce depolarization even when it is used on a high-contrast polarizing plate or any other component having a high degree of polarization.

Abstract: A depolarizer includes a pair of wedge-shaped plates made of an optically isotropic material, laid one on top of another such that the total thickness is constant and wedge-plate holding means for holding the pair of wedge plates separately. The wedge-plate holding means includes a pressure-applying section for applying pressure to each of the pair of wedge plates in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the pair of wedge plates. The pressure-applying direction for one of the pair of wedge plates and the pressure-applying direction for the other of the pair of wedge plates intersect at an angle of 45 degrees.

Abstract: Disclosed are polyamide microparticles, a manufacturing method therefor, an optical film, and a liquid crystal display device using the polyamide microparticles, whereby polarized light can be efficiently converted to non-polarized light that is close to natural light, without accompanying a change in color, and light from a light source can be evenly diffused. The disclosed polyamide microparticles are characterized by including a spherocrystal structure and exhibiting a crystallite size of at least 12 nm, as measured by wide-angle X ray diffraction, and a crystallinity of at least 50%, as measured by DSC. The disclosed optical film is characterized by having a resin layer that contains the aforementioned polyamide microparticles.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a depolarizer based on a metamaterial, which comprises a plurality of sheet layers parallel with each other. Each of the sheet layers has a sheet substrate and a plurality of man-made microstructures attached on the sheet substrate. The sheet substrate is divided into a plurality of identical unit bodies. Each of the unit bodies and one of the man-made microstructures that is attached thereon form a cell that has an anisotropic electromagnetic property. Each of the sheet layers has at least two cells whose optical axes are unparallel with each other. According to the depolarizer based on a metamaterial of the present disclosure, at least two cells whose optical axes are unparallel with each other are disposed in each of the metalmaterial sheet layers.

Abstract: A transmitted light selecting device includes a first light selecting unit (2a) having a polarizing filter (4a) for allowing an image light ray having one polarization direction to pass therethrough, and a phase difference film (5A) for providing phase differences to the light ray passing through the polarizing filter (4a) to emit light in which light rays having polarization directions coexist toward a viewer, and a second light selecting unit (2b) having a polarizing filter (4b) having a polarized light transmission axis perpendicular to that of the polarizing filter (4a), and a phase difference film (5B) for providing phase differences to a light ray passing through the polarizing filter (5b) to emit light in which light rays having polarization directions coexist toward the viewer.

Abstract: An optical sheet suitable for linear polarized light to pass through is provided. The optical sheet includes a substrate and a retardation film. The retardation film herein is located on the substrate and has a plurality of optical axes with different extending directions. The linear polarized light after passing through the retardation film is converted into a plurality of linear polarized light with different polarization directions, wherein the retardation film substantially has a phase retardation of ?/2 at anywhere of the area where the linear polarized light passes through and ? is the wavelength of the linear polarized light. Besides, the present invention also provides a display apparatus, a fabricating method of an optical sheet and a fabricating method of a display apparatus.

Abstract: Techniques and devices for depolarizing light and producing a variable differential group delays in optical signals. In one implementation, an input optical beam is split into first and second beams with orthogonal polarizations. One or two optical reflectors are then used to cause the first and second optical beams to undergo different optical path lengths before they are recombined into a single output beam. An adjustment mechanism may used implemented to adjust the difference in the optical path lengths of the first and second beams to produce a variable DGD. When the depolarization of light is desired, the difference in the optical path lengths of the first and second beams is set to be greater than the coherence length of the input optical beam.

Abstract: There is provided an optical device including a plurality of first phasors having substantially the same phase delaying axis as each other; and a plurality of second phasors having substantially the same phase delaying axis as each other in a direction different from that of the first phasors and providing a phase difference substantially the same as that provided by the first phasors, in which the plurality of first phasors and the plurality of second phasors are arranged on substantially the same face, a density of the first phasors is substantially the same as a density of the second phasors, and a spatial distribution of the density of the first phasors and a spatial distribution of the density of the second phasors are substantially uniform.

Abstract: An example Raman co-pump apparatus includes a control module for controlling output received from at least one of a first laser and a second laser, said output of said first laser and said second laser for combining into a co-pump output, wherein the control module is configured to increase a frequency difference between said first laser and said second laser. The apparatus may also include at least one of a first laser for providing a first output, a second laser for providing a second output and a polarization beam combiner for combining the first and second output into the co-pump output. Spectral overlap of orthogonally polarized pump lasers is avoided via: 1) control of the frequency (wavelength) interleave and the mode spacing of co-pump lasers; 2) control of frequency (wavelength) offset of co-pump lasers to reduce spectral overlap; and 3) use a single co-pump laser with large mode spacing.

Abstract: Directed to a film having a depolarizing function, in which anisotropic volumetric regions are dispersed in a translucent matrix. For the translucent matrix, a material capable of forming a film itself, a hard coating layer formed on a surface of the film or a layer of an adhesive can be employed. It is therefore possible to provide a film, having a depolarizing function, of a kind in which when the film of the present invention is mounted on a surface of a polarizing plate arranged on a surface of a liquid crystal display device or an organic electroluminescent display device, the polarized state of a display light emerging outwardly from a display screen is partially altered and, hence, even when polarizing eyeglasses are worn on, darkening of the displayed image can be prevented and, also, a considerable shading of the color tone of the image can be reduced.