Abstract: Now, according to the present invention, multiple band optical reflectors are provided that utilize a stack of metal and dielectric layers to create a reflection curve in the visible spectrum that has multiple peak intensities. Reflectors of the present invention comprise at least two dielectric layers that have differing thicknesses, with metal layers disposed therebetween. The use of metal layers in the present invention, as opposed to using alternating layers of dielectric materials, results in a reflector that is substantially thinner than a conventional two dielectric reflector.

Abstract: A beam mixer for increasing intensity symmetry along a selected axis of a beam (wherein the beam extends from a first edge to a second edge along the axis) is disclosed and may include a plurality of mirrors establishing a spatially inverting path. For the beam mixer, the inverting path may have a beginning and an end and may be characterized in that a part of the beam near the first beam edge at the beginning of the path translates to the second beam edge at the end of the path. For this aspect, the beam mixer may further include an optic dividing the beam into first and second beam portions, the optic placing the first portion onto the inverting path and recombining the first and second portions onto a common path after the first portion has traveled along the inverting path thereby mixing the beam.

Abstract: A method and structure for an optical coating for a bounding interface between optical components is provided. The structure includes a first optical substrate having a substrate refractive index. A first dielectric coating layer can be applied to the first optical substrate and a second dielectric coating can be applied to the first dielectric coating layer. Then a third dielectric coating can be applied to the second dielectric coating layer.

Abstract: A distributed Bragg reflector includes a first layer formed to be a first thickness, and a second layer formed to be a second thickness. A method of forming a distributed Bragg reflector includes forming a first layer to be a first thickness and forming a second layer to be a second thickness. The first and second thicknesses are determined using a wavelength that is adjacent to a center wavelength of an optical band of the distributed Bragg reflector.

Abstract: The invention provides a dichroic mirror having a transmission characteristic in which a step due to splitting of P-polarized and S-polarized light can be reduced and having a fluorescence-transmitting band extending to long wavelengths. The invention also provides a fluorescence filter set that can be constructed of environmentally conscious glass materials that do no use harmful substances, such as lead, and a fluoroscopy apparatus including such a fluorescence filter set. The dichroic mirror comprises a transparent substrate and a dielectric multilayer film formed by alternately laminating high-refractive-index layers and low-refractive-index layers on the transparent substrate. The dielectric multilayer film includes from 50 to 150 alternately laminated high-refractive-index layers and low-refractive-index layers each having an optical film thickness from 1.5?0/4 to 2.

Abstract: Birefringent optical films have a Brewster angle (the angle at which reflectance of p-polarized light goes to zero) which is very large or is nonexistent. This allows for the construction of multilayer mirrors and polarizers whose reflectivity for p-polarized light decreases slowly with angle of incidence, are independent of angle of incidence, or increase with angle of incidence away from the normal. As a result, multilayer films having high reflectivity (for both planes of polarization for any incident direction in the case of mirrors, and for the selected direction in the case of polarizers) over a wide bandwidth can be achieved.

Abstract: In an optical filter, a thin film is formed by laminating low refractive index layers alternatingly from a substrate side with high refractive index layers. The thin film is provided with first, second, and third laminated portions. In the first laminated portion, the refractive indices of the high refractive index layers become gradually higher. In the second laminated portion, the refractive indices of the high refractive index layers are substantially equal to the highest refractive index of the high refractive index layers constituting the first laminated portion. In the third laminated portion, the refractive indices of the high refractive index layers become gradually lower, and the refractive indices of the low refractive index layers are substantially equal to the lowest refractive index of the low refractive index layers constituting the second laminated portion.

Abstract: A wavelength dispersion compensation device includes an etalon 100 having a slab shape. Reflective films are formed on each side of the etalon 100. The reflective films respectively have predetermined reflectance. Reflectance of one of the reflective films differs according to a light incident angle by using a portion of light within a wavelength range to be used with which a filter characteristic in which transmittance rapidly changes is obtained.

Abstract: Optical windows are provided that transmit light such as deep-UV (DUV) light. An exemplary window includes a window substrate that is transmissive to at least one wavelength of the light. The window substrate has an incidence surface decorated with sub-wavelength asperities arranged so as to render the incidence surface solvophobic to the light-transmissive liquid. The arrangement of sub-wavelength asperities can be configured to render the incidence surface super-solvophobic to the liquid. The sub-wavelength asperities can have any of various shapes and combinations thereof, and can be regularly or irregularly arranged.

Abstract: In an optical filter, a thin film is formed by laminating low refractive index layers alternatingly from a substrate side with high refractive index layers. The thin film is provided with first, second, and third laminated portions. In the first laminated portion, the refractive indices of the high refractive index layers become gradually higher. In the second laminated portion, the refractive indices of the high refractive index layers are substantially equal to the highest refractive index of the high refractive index layers constituting the first laminated portion. In the third laminated portion, the refractive indices of the high refractive index layers become gradually lower, and the refractive indices of the low refractive index layers are substantially equal to the lowest refractive index of the low refractive index layers constituting the second laminated portion.

Abstract: A reflector (e.g., mirror) for use in a solar collector or the like is provided. In certain example embodiments of this invention, a reflector is made by (a) forming a reflective coating on a thin substantially flat glass substrate (the thin glass substrate may or may not be pre-bent prior to the coating being applied thereto), (b) optionally, if the glass substrate in (a) was not prebent, then cold-bending the glass substrate with the reflective coating thereon; and (c) applying a plate or frame member to the thin bent glass substrate with the coating thereon from (a) and/or (b), the plate or frame member (which may be another thicker pre-bent glass sheet, for example) for maintaining the thin glass substrate and coating thereon in a desired bent orientation in a final product which may be used as parabolic trough or dish type reflector in a concentrating solar power apparatus or the like.

Abstract: In an optical filter, a thin film is formed by laminating low refractive index layers alternatingly from a substrate side with high refractive index layers. The thin film is provided with first, second, and third laminated portions. In the first laminated portion, the refractive indices of the high refractive index layers become gradually higher. In the second laminated portion, the refractive indices of the high refractive index layers are substantially equal to the highest refractive index of the high refractive index layers constituting the first laminated portion. In the third laminated portion, the refractive indices of the high refractive index layers become gradually lower, and the refractive indices of the low refractive index layers are substantially equal to the lowest refractive index of the low refractive index layers constituting the second laminated portion.

Abstract: A projection screen includes a plurality of passive elements each having a sidewall surrounding a surface, wherein said sidewall is configured to attenuate light.

Abstract: In an optical filter, a thin film is formed by laminating low refractive index layers alternatingly from a substrate side with high refractive index layers. The thin film is provided with first, second, and third laminated portions. In the first laminated portion, the refractive indices of the high refractive index layers become gradually higher. In the second laminated portion, the refractive indices of the high refractive index layers are substantially equal to the highest refractive index of the high refractive index layers constituting the first laminated portion. In the third laminated portion, the refractive indices of the high refractive index layers become gradually lower, and the refractive indices of the low refractive index layers are substantially equal to the lowest refractive index of the low refractive index layers constituting the second laminated portion.

Abstract: A half mirror comprises: a beam splitter coating formed on one main surface of a transparent substrate; an anti-reflection coating formed on the other main surface; and a correction coating having substantially the same refractive index as that of the transparent substrate is formed between the transparent substrate and the anti-reflection coating so that a warpage of the transparent substrate caused by a stress of the beam splitter coating is corrected by a stress of the correction coating.

Abstract: An optical modulator used for optically modulating electromagnetic energy. The optical modulator comprises a substrate and three substantially planar reflectors arranged substantially mutually orthogonal to each other. The planar reflectors comprise a base reflector disposed substantially in the plane of the substrate and first and second side reflectors operably coupled to the base reflector. The optical modulator further comprises a pair of electrically conductive traces operably connected to the base reflector, an electrically conductive pad operably connected to each of the conductive traces, at least one material layer deposited on the base reflector by which its reflection properties may be altered or modulated with an applied voltage, and a biasing source operably coupled to said conductive pads for providing a modulated voltage to the base reflector.

Abstract: In an optical filter, a thin film is formed by laminating low refractive index layers alternatingly from a substrate side with high refractive index layers. The thin film is provided with first, second, and third laminated portions. In the first laminated portion, the refractive indices of the high refractive index layers become gradually higher. In the second laminated portion, the refractive indices of the high refractive index layers are substantially equal to the highest refractive index of the high refractive index layers constituting the first laminated portion. In the third laminated portion, the refractive indices of the high refractive index layers become gradually lower, and the refractive indices of the low refractive index layers are substantially equal to the lowest refractive index of the low refractive index layers constituting the second laminated portion.

Abstract: A micromirror apparatus includes a device layer having a recess, a multilayer thin-film dielectric reflector coupled to and structurally supported by the device layer on the opposite side of the device layer from said recess, and a stress compensator seated in the recess, with the stress compensator operable to resist device layer bending moments resulting from intrinsic and thermal mismatch stresses between the multilayer thin-film dielectric reflector and the device layer.

Abstract: An optical projection device including an illumination system, a reflective light valve and a projection lens is provided. The adjustable reflection sheet is disposed behind the adjustable rod integrator along the light transmission path of the light beam. In addition, the reflective light valve is disposed behind the adjustable reflection sheet along the light transmission path of the light beam. The adjustable rod integrator can shift the light transmission path of the light beam so as to be incident to the reflective light valve. Moreover, the projection lens is disposed behind the reflective light valve along the light transmission path of the light beam. The adjustable reflection sheet can shift the light transmission path of the light beam so as to pass through the stopper of the projection lens.

Abstract: Multilayer films are provided that exhibit a colored appearance when viewed at an oblique angle as a result of one or more reflection bands in the visible region of the spectrum. The films however provide no substantial reflection bands in either the visible or near infrared regions for light normally incident on the film. The films can be made to shift from clear at normal incidence to an arbitrary designed color at an oblique angle without necessarily becoming cyan.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a reflector using a metal thin film layer, particularly a reflector having higher reflectance than in the prior art. Specifically, studies have been made to provide a reflector which exhibits a superior reflection-increasing effect. As a result, it has been found that if the thickness of a low refractive index thin film layer (B) which comes in contact with a metal thin film layer (A) is controlled so that it is within a range of 0.7 ?/8nL–1.3 ?/8nL, a reflector having an arrangement of metal layer (A)/low refractive index thin film layer (B)/high refractive index thin film layer (C) exhibits reflectance which is extremely superior than in the prior art over a wide wavelength range. More specifically, it exhibits higher reflectance than a pure silver single film does, and a reflector superior in durability can be obtained.

Abstract: A security article includes a light transmissive substrate having a first surface and an opposing second surface, with the first surface having an optical interference pattern such as a holographic image pattern or an optical diffraction pattern thereon. A color shifting optical coating is formed on the substrate such as on the interference pattern or on the opposing second surface of the substrate, with the optical coating providing an observable color shift as the angle of incident light or viewing angle changes. Various processes can be utilized to form the security article, such as vacuum coating processes, lamination, laser scribing, and laser imaging. The security article can be affixed to a variety of objects through various attachment mechanisms, such as pressure sensitive adhesives or hot stamping processes, to provide for enhanced security measures such as anticounterfeiting.

Abstract: The reflex-type screen includes an aluminum film reflecting layer for reflecting incident light, a lower adhesive layer which is made of adhesive agent, a polarization layer for transmitting the polarized light, a upper adhesive layer which is made of adhesive agent, and a surface diffusion layer for transmitting a part of the incident light and diffusing and reflecting anther part of the incident light, and the upper adhesive layer includes a diffusing agent dispersedly.

Abstract: A heat mirror film containing visible light-transmissive and infrared reflective film comprising a birefringent dielectric multilayer support that reflects at least 50% of light in a band at least 100 nm wide in a wavelength region of interest, a metal or metal alloy layer whose thickness is such that the film is visible light-transmissive and its reflection band is broadened, and a crosslinked polymeric layer has improved infrared reflecting properties. The film can be joined or laminated into glazing (especially non-planar vehicular safety glazing) with reduced likelihood that the metal or metal alloy layer will be damaged or distorted.

Abstract: An optical filter includes a transparent substrate, a first film stack and a second film stack. The first and second film stacks each includes a number of high refractive index layers and a number of low refractive index layers alternately stacked one on another. The first film stack is defined as (HL)7(0.76H0.76L)6, and the second film stack is defined as 0.5(HL)(1.3H1.3L)9(HL)8, wherein, H represents a high refractive index layer having a base optical thickness equal to one fourth of a first reference wavelength associated with the optical filter, L represents a low refractive index layer having a base optical thickness equal to one fourth of a first reference wavelength associated with the optical filter, the expression enclosed in each parenthesis represents a filter cavity, and the superscript represents the number of repetition of the expression enclosed in that parenthesis.

Abstract: Provided is a Fabry-Perot type wavelength tunable optical filter, comprising a first mirror; a second mirror located over the first mirror; a driving body located over the first mirror, and having both ends fixed to the first mirror through a spacer; a plurality of electrodes, each formed on both ends of the driving body; a rod structure connecting a center of the driving body and the second mirror; a plurality of fixing means, each fixed to the first mirror at both sides of the rod structure through the spacer; and a plurality of elastic bodies connecting the rod structure with the plurality of fixing means and acting as a rotational axis. And the mirror is driven by the rod structure acting as a lever that has an elastic body as a rotational axis, when warping is generated by electro-thermal expansion, electromagnetic force or external force. Thereby the mirror can be driven in the larger wavelength tunable range and the low power consumption.

Abstract: Disclosed is a diffractive micromirror and a method of producing the same. More particularly, the present invention pertains to a diffractive micromirror, in which a recess having a desired depth and width is precisely formed in a piezoelectric operation manner, and a method of producing the same.

Abstract: A reflective Ag alloy film includes a Ag—Bi alloy thin film, and a Bi layer and/or a Bi oxide layer formed on the surface and/or between the Ag—Bi alloy thin film and another layer formed on the Ag—Bi alloy thin film. The thickness of the Bi layer and/or the Bi oxide layer is 2.0 nm or below. The Ag—Bi alloy thin film of the reflective Ag alloy film has a Bi content in the range of 0.01 to 3.0 at %. A reflector is formed by depositing the Ag—Bi alloy thin film on a base member.

Abstract: In an optical filter, a thin film is formed by laminating low refractive index layers alternatingly from a substrate side with high refractive index layers. The thin film is provided with first, second, and third laminated portions. In the first laminated portion, the refractive indices of the high refractive index layers become gradually higher. In the second laminated portion, the refractive indices of the high refractive index layers are substantially equal to the highest refractive index of the high refractive index layers constituting the first laminated portion. In the third laminated portion, the refractive indices of the high refractive index layers become gradually lower, and the refractive indices of the low refractive index layers are substantially equal to the lowest refractive index of the low refractive index layers constituting the second laminated portion.

Abstract: An optical reflector includes an optical reflective element that comprises alternating layers of high and low index layers. A new substrate is bonded on the optical reflective element. The sequence of layers in the reflective element is reversed in order such that the layers grown first with lowest surface roughness are exposed to the highest electric field strength, and the layer grown last, of highest roughness, are buried deep in the multilayer stack.

Abstract: A transparent optical film laminate and a method of making such a laminate. The laminate can include a transparent optical sheet comprising a non-metallic multi-layer optical film sandwiched between first and second bonding sheets. The optical sheet and the bonding sheets are also sandwiched between two glazing components. A substantial portion of the peripheral edge of the optical film lies within or beyond the peripheral edge of at least one of the glazing components. The peripheral edge of the optical film may have a portion that lies within and a portion that lies beyond the peripheral edge of at least one of the glazing components.

Abstract: A dispersive multilayer mirror (1) comprising several individual layers (2, 3) applied to a carrier substrate (4) and adjoining each other via parallel, plane surfaces having different optical constants and different thicknesses, wherein a wedge-shaped glass platelet (5) is fastened to the outermost individual layer (2) facing away from the carrier substrate (4) by optical contact.

Abstract: A multi-layer film, wherein a ratio H/L or L/H, a balance in optical film thickness between a high-refractive-index layer H and a low-refractive-index layer L, is set within a range of 1.2–2.0 to bias a balance in thickness. A method of producing a dielectric multi-layer film, wherein, when a dielectric multi-layer film is formed, a proportion at which an optical film thickness is formed on a monitor substrate is made larger than usual. A UV reflection film, having a step difference in average transmittance of 70–90% at a specified half-power point and within a wavelength range of 430–450 nm, is provided on a substrate to form a UV cut filter. A UV reflection film at a specified half-power point, a step difference in average transmittance of 70–90% within a wavelength range of 430–450 nm, and a blue conditioning film having a transmittance of at least 90% within a wavelength range of 460–520 nm may be combined.

Abstract: The invention relates to a monochromator mirror for the EUV-spectral range, provided with a layer arrangement placed on a substrate, comprising a periodic sequence of two individual layers (A, B) made of different material forming a period having a thickness d in the form of a spacer-layer or an absorber-layer, whereby the reflectivity of the second or a higher Bragg-order is used. Said thickness d has a dimensional deviation of a maximum of 3% and the ratio of the layer thickness of the absorber-layer to the period thickness is smaller than the ratio of 0.8 of the used order of the Bragg-Reflexion.

Abstract: A reflector for extreme ultraviolet light, its manufacture method, a phase shift mask, an exposure apparatus and a semiconductor manufacture method, capable of making the wavelength dependency of a reflectance via a plurality of reflection surfaces be coincident with an center wavelength of exposure light and retaining a sufficient energy reaching a subject to be exposed. The reflector for exposure light to be used for exposure of a subject to be exposed in a lithography process of manufacturing a semiconductor device is configured to have a multi-layer film structure made by repetitively stacking a plurality of layers in the same order. The periodical length of the repetitive stack unit of the multi-layer film structure is set in such a manner that the center of full width at half maximum of the reflectance via a predetermined number of reflectors becomes coincident with the center wavelength of extreme ultraviolet light to be reflected (S102).

Abstract: A wavelength tunable filter capable of being driven such that reflecting mirrors move more distant as well as closer by using the principle that a direction of the electromagnetic forces changes depending on the direction of the current flowing perpendicular to the external magnetic field. According to the wavelength tunable filter of the present invention, when it is necessary to have the wavelength tuning range and mechanical structure similar to the conventional wavelength tunable filter driven in only one direction, it is possible to lower the maximum force needed to drive the filter to a half, and reduce a probability that a pull-in phenomenon occurs. On the other hand, it is possible to reduce a wavelength change time of the element by increasing a resonant frequency when the same wavelength tuning ranges are implemented by using the same maximum driving forces.

Abstract: An optical system employs an optical coating on a substrate positioned relative to an optical collection system. The thickness of the coating is tailored such that light perceived by the collection system over prescribed angles of acceptance has a spectral content that is unchanged, or changed in a prescribed manner, from that entering the system when the sensor is oriented in the “look ahead” direction. The thickness of the coating is varied so that the wavelengths transmitted or reflected correspond to those required by a specific application. The invention is adaptable to system requirements that are centered about a single wavelength, or that require multiple wavelengths. The optical coating can take any of a number of forms, including stacked dielectric layers and rugate filters.

Abstract: A rearview mirror for motor vehicles having a layer substrate and a coating applied onto the back thereof, includes a reflective mirror coating and an intermediate layer, which may be made of a semiconductor material, arranged between the reflective mirror coating and the layer substrate. The value of the coloring parameter C=?{square root over (a02+b02)} is greater than 5 and the color change ?E resulting from a tilting of the rearview mirror by 45° from the perpendicular viewing angle as a function of the magnitude of the color value a0 according to CIE is not greater than ?E?½·(|a0|?8) wherein a0??20, ?E?6 wherein ?20?a0?0, and ?E?½·(a0+12), especially ?½·(a0?3), preferably ??·(a0?3), advantageously ??·(a0?3), wherein a0?0. The intermediate layer may be made of semiconductor material.

Abstract: Optical devices such as backlight assemblies, according to the present invention include a multilayer optical film in which at least one of the layers comprises an oriented birefringent polymer. The multilayer optical film exhibits low absorptivity and can reflect light approaching at shallow angles as well as normal to the film.

Abstract: Optical bodies, comprising: a plurality of first optical layers comprising a first polymer composition that comprises (i) a polyester portion having terephthalate comonomer units and ethylene glycol comonomer units; and (ii) a second portion corresponding to a polymer having a glass transition temperature of at least about 130° C.; and a plurality of second optical layers disposed in a repeating sequence with the plurality of first optical layers. Also disclosed are optical bodies comprising: (a) a plurality of first optical layers, each first optical layer being oriented; and (b) a plurality of second optical layers, disposed in a repeating sequence with the plurality of first optical layers, comprising a blend of polymethylmethacrylate and polyvinylidene fluoride. Methods of making the above-described optical bodies, and articles employing such optical bodies are also provided.

Abstract: A distributed Bragg reflector and a method of fabricating the same incorporates a support for supporting the gaps against collapse. The method includes forming a plurality of alternating structure and sacrificial layers on a substrate. The structure and sacrificial layers are etched into at least one mesa protruding from the substrate. A support layer is formed on the at least one mesa leaving a portion of the structure and sacrificial layers exposed. At least a portion of at least one of the exposed sacrificial layers are etched from between the structure layers to form gaps between the structure layers.

Abstract: An optical system includes a reflection-angle-selective mirror having a substrate, and a reflection-angle-selective coating structure deposited on the substrate. The reflection-angle-selective coating structure has a higher reflectance for light that is incident upon the reflection-angle-selective coating structure at a first incidence angle within an acceptance-angle deviation from a design incidence angle than for light that is incident upon the reflection-angle-selective coating structure at a second incidence angle greater than the acceptance-angle deviation from the design incidence angle. The optical system may also include a light source.

Abstract: A material with spectrally selective reflection in the primary valences of red, green and blue is applied preferably onto laser projection screens in order to make possible the projection even in daylight. In a first embodiment, a first layer of a material that is highly reflective over the entire range of visible light, e.g., aluminum is applied onto a substrate, e.g., glass or a synthetic material, followed by a second layer of a material that is essentially non-absorbing over the entire range of visible light, e.g., SiO2. A third layer in contact with air is applied to the second layer and is made of a material that is partially transmissive over the entire range of visible light, e.g., of NiCr An alternative embodiment comprise five layers, The first layer is made a material with a high index of refraction, e.g.; TiO2, a second of a material with a low index of refraction, e.g., SiO2, the third of a material with a high index of refraction, e.g.

Abstract: An optical projection system has a parallel light source for producing a parallel light beam. A first color splitter splits the parallel light beam into a first color beam and a color mixing beam. The color mixing beam includes a second color beam and a third color beam. A first both-side telecentric group is disposed on a first light path of the first color beam, so as to transform into a first light beam. A second both-side telecentric group is disposed on a second light path of the color mixing beam. A second color splitter is disposed on the second light path to split the color mixing beam into a second light beam and a third light beam. A light-combining unit receives the first, second, and third light beams and combines into a mixed beam. Then the mixed beam is projected.

Abstract: Color transmissive displays have historically used only backlight for forming the color image, and have not used ambient light. Usually, such a display is not used in bright sunlight, since the color image becomes washed out. Transflective color displays form an image by reflecting ambient light or by transmitting backlight, and can be used in bright sunlight. The transflector in such displays reflects the ambient light while also transmitting the backlight. The requirements on the transflector, however, are different from those used in monochromatic displays. According to the invention, a color transflective display device uses comprises a transmissive display unit having a viewing side and a back side and defining picture elements. A structured transflector is disposed to the back side of the color display unit. The structured transflector includes a structured surface and a layered dielectric reflector disposed over the structured surface.

Abstract: A security element (1) for application or embedding in objects (300), in particular for documents of value such as bank notes, credit cards and the like, is structured in a multi-layer fashion and has an interference element I, which produces a color shift effect, a layer M with magnetic properties and a reflection layer R, which is located between interference element I and magnetic layer M. Designs of the invention pro-vide a negative writing 20 and/or coding 11 in reflection layer R and magnetic layer M. According to a further design diffraction structures 2 are integrated in the security element 1. Such a security element in particular is suitable as window security thread 200 in bank notes.

Abstract: A light modulator and a method of manufacturing the same are provided having a substrate with reflectivity enhancing layers formed thereon. The layers include at least a top surface for receiving incident light, a first layer overlying the substrate, and a second layer between the top surface and the first layer, the second layer overlying and abutting the first layer. The second layer has a predetermined thickness selected in relation to an index of refraction of the second layer and to a wavelength of the incident light such that the light reflecting off an interface between the first and second layers constructively interferes with light reflected from the top surface. Preferably, the first layer also has a predetermined thickness selected such that the light reflecting off an interface between the first layer and the substrate constructively interferes with light reflected from the top surface.

Abstract: Birefringent optical films have a Brewster angle (the angle at which reflectance of p-polarized light goes to zero) which is very large or is nonexistent. This allows for the construction of multilayer mirrors and polarizers whose reflectivity for p-polarized light decreases slowly with angle of incidence, are independent of angle of incidence, or increase with angle of incidence away from the normal. As a result, multilayer films having high reflectivity (for both planes of polarization for any incident direction in the case of mirrors, and for the selected direction in the case of polarizers) over a wide bandwidth, can be achieved.

Abstract: A device serves for reflecting electromagnetic waves, in particular in a length range less than 200 nm. It has a mirror carrier made of a material with at least approximately vanishing thermal expansion and at least one reflective layer applied on said mirror carrier. An intermediate layer made of a material which is formed such that its surface roughness is not significantly increased after beam processing methods is fitted between the mirror carrier and the reflective layer.

Abstract: A decorative foil is in the form of a layer composite structure (1) and comprises at least a transparent base foil (2), a transparent cover layer (4) and a transparent dielectric layer (3) arranged between the base foil (2) and the cover layer (4). When the decorative foil serves as a lamination foil for a substrate (5) the material of the cover layer (4) is an adhesive. A reflective metallic layer (6) is arranged at least in surface portions between the dielectric layer (3) and the cover layer (4) and optionally a metal film (11) is also arranged on the side of the dielectric layer (3) facing the base foil (2). General items of information shown by the decorative foil are produced by means of modulation of the thickness (s) of the dielectric layer (3). Transparent locations (7) form individual items of information, wherein the transparent locations (7) are produced with a laser beam (19) by perforating the metal layer (6; 11).