Abstract: Certain examples described herein are directed to optical devices and systems that include first and second optical elements. In some examples, the first optical element may be configured to pass light received from an excitation source, and the second optical element may be optically coupled to the first optical element and may be configured to reflect incident light from the first optical element back to the first optical element and configured to pass the light reflected from the first optical element. Methods using the devices and systems are also described.

Abstract: An etalon includes a fixed mirror disposed on a first substrate, a movable mirror disposed on a second substrate to face the fixed mirror with a gap interposed therebetween, a first electrode disposed on the surface of the first substrate facing the second substrate, a second electrode disposed on a first surface of the second substrate facing the first substrate and separated from the first electrode, and a warp preventing film disposed on a second surface of the second substrate so as to cover at least the movable mirror in a plan view. The direction of an internal stress acting in the in-plane direction of the warp preventing film is parallel to the direction of an internal stress acting in the in-plane direction of the movable mirror and the second electrode.

Abstract: An Etalon filter includes a first substrate, a second substrate which faces the first substrate, a first optical film which is provided on the first substrate, and a second optical film which is provided on the second substrate to face the first optical film. The reflective characteristic of the first optical film determined by the reflectance of light of each wavelength in a reflective band is different from the reflective characteristic of the second optical film determined by the reflectance of light of each wavelength in the reflective band. The first optical film can have a reflective characteristic with a first wavelength ?1 as a center wavelength, and the second optical film can have a reflective characteristic with a second wavelength ?2 different from the first wavelength as a center wavelength.

Abstract: An interference filter includes two reflective films that are opposed to each other with a gap interposed therebetween and substrates that support the corresponding reflective films. The reflective films each include a pure silver film and a silver alloy film. The pure silver film and the silver alloy film are formed on the corresponding substrate sequentially from the substrate. The silver alloy film is one of an Ag—Sm—Cu alloy film containing silver (Ag), samarium (Sm), and copper (Cu) and an Ag—Bi—Nd alloy film containing silver (Ag), bismuth (Bi), and neodymium (Nd).

Abstract: A method for forming a color shifting film on a support, the film comprising a reflective stack disposed adjacent to the support and an image is disclosed. The reflective stack comprises an at least partially transparent spacer layer comprising a substituted acrylamide polymer disposed between a partially reflective first layer and a reflective second layer. The acrylamide layer has a thickness sufficient to produce an interference color.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a film having a high brightness and a natural metal-effect, and also having excellent formability, causing no delamination and maintaining the metal-effect after forming. Another object is to provide a molded body having less environmental burden, excellent in recycling efficiency and giving no electromagnetic interference. A laminated film including a structure where each 30 layers or more of a layer composed of a resin A (A layer) and a layer composed of a resin B (B layer) are alternately laminated, wherein a relative reflectance in a wavelength range of 400 nm to 1000 nm is 30% or more, tensile stresses at 100% elongation in a longitudinal direction and a width direction of the film are 3 MPa or more and 90 MPa or less in a tensile test at 150° C., and the number of layers with a layer-pair thickness of 10 nm or more and less than 220 nm is more than the number of layers with a layer-pair thickness of 220 nm or more and 320 nm or less.

Abstract: A display device for a vehicle includes a front face cover that covers a front face of a display section for displaying information of the vehicle, and an antireflection film provided on a surface of the front face cover. The surface of the front face cover has a curved face which is formed so that an observation color of the curved face viewed from an eye range of a person sitting on a seat of the vehicle differs depending on an observation position in the eye range due to a difference in an interference wavelength of reflection light reflected by the antireflection film, the reflection light advancing toward the eye range from the front surface.

Abstract: The color reflected by an interferometric modulator may vary as a function of the angle of view. A range of colors are thus viewable by rotating the interferometric modulator relative to an observer. By placing a textured layer between an observer and an interferometric modulator, a pattern which includes the range of colors may be viewed by the observer, and the range of colors may thus be viewable from a single viewing angle.

Abstract: A microscope includes optics configured to direct beams onto an object including a reflective material, a detector configured to receive a field spectrum formed by beams reflected by the object, and a calculator configured to reconstruct an image of the object from the field spectrum detected by the detector.

Abstract: An interference filter having a plurality of layers and a spectrum as a function of angle of observation is combined with a metameric element adjacent the interference filter and appearing to have a same color as the interference filter at at least one angle of observation and a contrasting color as said interference filter at least one other angle of observation. A plurality of interference filter layers, including a metallic layer, can be provided on a support structure for the layers. The support structure is then adapted to allow the layers to be seen from a top and a bottom side, with the layers being adapted to have different spectra as a function of angle of observation in reflection and transmission.

Abstract: A multilayer filter includes a multilayer part in which a layer composed of a first material and a layer composed of a second material having a refractive index different from that of the first material are stacked in an alternating pattern. The multilayer part has a cyclic film-thickness structure in which three or more layers are defined as one cycle.

Abstract: An optical filter has a multilayer thin film comprising first to i-th layers stacked in alternate layers of high and low refractive indices on a transparent substrate. Respective odd-numbered layers (high refractive index layers) and respective even-numbered layers (low refractive index layers) form repetitive sequences of layers each of which cyclically changes in optical thickness throughout the multilayer thin film. Each of k-th from-the-bottom alternate layers of high and low refractive indices has such an optical thicknesses as meet the following conditional expressions (1) and (2), concurrently: n×d=(.c/4)×[1+sin{(k?1)×.}×.]??(1) 0 . . . <1 ??(2) where .c is the center wavelength of reflection band, n is the refraction index of the layer for the d-line, d is the physical thickness of the layer, . is a factor of a pitch angle represented by 2./the number of layers a one layer-stack, . is the rate of amplitude.

Abstract: A reflective film includes a first optical stack that provides a first reflective characteristic and a second optical stack that provides a second reflective characteristic. The optical stacks also have first and second absorptive characteristics that are suitable to absorptively heat the respective stacks upon exposure to light including a write wavelength while maintaining the structural integrity of the stacks. The absorptive heating can change the first and second reflective characteristics to third and fourth reflective characteristics, respectively. A blocking layer that at least partially blocks light of the write wavelength may also be provided between the optical stacks to permit absorptive heating of any selected one of the optical stacks. The reflective characteristics of the optical stacks can thus be independently modified in any desired patterns by appropriate delivery of light beams that include the write wavelength.

Abstract: Exemplary apparatus and/or method can be provided using which, it is possible to provide information associated with at least one portion of a sample. For example, at least one electro-magnetic radiation received from the at least one portion of the sample can be separated into a plurality of first radiations, one of the first radiations having a phase delay that is different from a phase delay of another of the first radiations. In addition, at least one of the first radiations can be received and separated into second radiations according to wavelengths of the received at least one of the first radiations. Further, it is possible to detect the second radiations and generate information regarding a position of the at least one portion of the sample as a function of at least one characteristic of at least one interference of the first radiations.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are optical interference multilayer coatings having region provided by a physical vapor deposition process and region provided by a chemical vapor deposition process. Also disclosed herein are methods of making such coatings, as well as lamps comprising a light-transmissive envelope, at least a portion of the surface of the light-transmissive envelope being provided with the optical interference multilayer coating noted above. Such coatings, when used on lamps, may advantageously offer improved energy efficiencies for such lamps.

Abstract: A Fresnel lens screen 20 is comprised of a light entering surface partial total reflection type Fresnel lens 24, a first light diffusing part 26 disposed behind the Fresnel lens, and a first base 25. An image display element 30 disposed behind the Fresnel lens screen 20 has a lens element 31, a second base 32, and a third base 35. Second light diffusing parts 33 are disposed behind the second base 32. Each of the second light diffusing parts 33 includes two types of particulates having different particle sizes which are distributed therein.

Abstract: An optical member made of polycrystalline silicon formed from high-purity trichlorosilane as a raw material, and that absorbs and scatters an infrared ray in a wavelength region of 4 ?m or less. In the optical member, a ratio A/B between a transmittance A of an infrared ray having a wavelength of 4 ?m and a transmittance B of an infrared ray having a wavelength of 10 ?m is 0.9 or less, and an average crystal grain size of the polycrystalline silicon is 5 ?m or less. This polycrystalline silicon is produced by hydrogen reducing SiHCI3 by heating a base material to 800 to 900° C. using a chemical vapor deposition method. In this way, an infrared ray transmissive optical member, a manufacturing method thereof, an optical device, an infrared detector, and an optical apparatus capable of sensing a human body with high sensitivity and accuracy are realized.

Abstract: Provided are a reflective structure, a display apparatus including the reflective structure, and methods of manufacturing the reflective structure and the display apparatus. The reflective structure may include a reflective layer having a multiple uneven structure. The reflective layer may have a curved surface as a result of a plurality of first uneven portions, and wherein the curved surface may has a plurality of second uneven portions having a scale less than that of the first uneven portions. The plurality of first uneven portions may have a micro-scale size, and the plurality of second uneven portions may have a nano-scale size. The reflective layer may be arranged on a lower structure including a plurality of nanoparticles. A flexible material layer may be formed on the reflective layer.

Abstract: A transparency includes a first ply having a first visible light transmission and a second ply having a second visible light transmission, with the first visible light transmission being greater than the second visible light transmission. A solar control coating is located between the first ply and the second ply. The solar control coating has a first infrared reflective metallic layer, a second infrared reflective metallic layer and a third infrared reflective metallic layer. The first infrared reflective metallic layer is thicker than the second infrared reflective metallic layer and the second infrared reflective metallic layer is thicker than the third infrared reflective metallic layer.

Abstract: A transmission circuit (101) for transmitting data onto a transmission line, and a mask circuit (102) for generating a mask signal (105) for removing a reflected wave based on a transmission timing notification signal (104) supplied form the transmission circuit (101) are provided. For example, a timer circuit (301) causes the mask signal (105) to be effective only for a predetermined time immediately after transmission. A logic circuit (302) is used to remove a reflected wave from the received signal (106) based on the mask signal (105), and a resultant masked received signal (107) is input to a reception circuit (103).

Abstract: Methods of fabricating a static interferometric image device and static interferometric image device formed by the same are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method includes providing a substrate. A plurality of liquid layers are formed over the substrate by an inkjet process such that the layers are lateral to one another. The liquid layers contain a solidifiable material or particles. Then, the plurality of liquid layers are solidified to form a plurality of solid layers. In some embodiments, the substrate includes pre-defined cavities, and the liquid layers are formed in the cavities. In other embodiments, the substrate includes a substantially planar, stepped, or continuously transitioning surface, and the liquid layers are formed on the surface. The inkjet process provides optical fillers or spacers for defining interferometric gaps between absorbers and reflectors in the display device, based at least partially on an image that the display device is designed to display.

Abstract: An optical filter according to the invention includes: first and second substrates opposed to each other; first and second reflecting films provided to the first and second substrates; first and second bonding films provided to the first and second substrates; and first and second barrier films disposed on surfaces of the first and second reflecting films, wherein the first barrier film has a transmittance of ozone lower than a transmittance of ozone the first reflecting film has, and the second barrier film has a transmittance of ozone lower than a transmittance of ozone the second reflecting film has. Accordingly, the reflecting films are protected from ozone or ultraviolet radiation during the manufacturing process of the optical filter and thereby the optical filter characteristics is prevented from being deteriorated.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an optical filter according to the invention includes the steps of forming a first bonding film in a first bonding area of a first substrate provided with a first reflecting film, forming a second bonding film in a second bonding area of a second substrate provided with a second reflecting film, irradiating the first bonding area with ozone or an ultraviolet ray using a first mask member, irradiating the second bonding area with ozone or an ultraviolet ray using a second mask member, and bonding the first bonding film and the second bonding film to each other to bond the first substrate and the second substrate to each other, thereby protecting the reflecting films from ozone or ultraviolet radiation to prevent the reflecting films from being deteriorated in the manufacturing process.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical filter including a substrate having a plurality of layers of materials stacked upon it each of which layers is formed from one or both of: a first material having a first index of refraction; and, a second material having a second index of refraction being less than the first index of refraction; wherein the plurality of layers of materials include a first layer and a second layer each formed from an inhomogeneous mixture of said first material and said second material; and a third layer formed from the first material being stacked in between the first layer and the second layer; wherein the optical thickness of each of said first and said second layers is greater than the optical thickness of said third layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a light selective transmission filter which selectively shields light and has a high transmittance of light at a specific wavelength such as visible rays, and which has a sufficiently reduced thickness and excellent heat resistance. The present invention further provides a lens unit including such a light selective transmission filter. The light selective transmission filter selectively reducing a transmittance of light has a thickness of less than 200 ?m and includes a base material containing a functional film with reflow resistance. The lens unit includes such a light selective transmission filter and a lens.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a method and apparatus for attaching a close proximity filter to an FPA (focal plane array) and more particularly, to a method and apparatus that allows improved spectral discrimination of a mid-wave infra red (MWIR) detector by applying an improved multi-color filter to a focal plane array (FPA), while employing existing production equipment and techniques to reduce cost and improve production yield.

Abstract: A filter and method for filtering an optical beam are disclosed. One embodiment of the filter is an optical filter for filtering an incident light beam, comprising an optically effective material characterized by: a light transmittance of less than 1% for wavelengths below 420 nm; and a light transmittance for wavelengths complementary and near complementary to wavelengths below 420 nm that, combined with the transmittance for wavelengths below 420 nm, will yield a filtered light beam having a luminosity of about 90% and an excitation purity of 5% or less. The complementary wavelengths can be wavelengths above about 640 nm, wavelengths above about 660 nm, and/or wavelengths from about 540 nm to about 560 nm.

Abstract: A color filter (1) for illumination purposes, such as, for example, for stage illumination is proposed, which comprises a full-surface antireflection layer (3) and an additional, multilayered structured interference filter layer (4) arranged on it.

Abstract: An optical device includes a shaped layer, an optical function layer, and an embedding resin layer. The shaped layer has a structure forming a concave section. The optical function layer is formed on the structure, and partially reflects incident light. The embedding resin layer is made of energy beam curable resin, the embedding resin layer having a first layer having a first volume, and a second layer formed on the first layer, the second layer having a second volume, the concave section being filled with the first layer, a ratio of the second volume to the first volume being equal to or larger than 5%, the structure and the optical function layer being embedded in the embedding resin layer. In the optical device, at least one of the shaped layer and the embedding resin layer has light transmissive property, and an entrance surface for the incident light.

Abstract: The invention is based on the object of providing UV interference filters having improved long-term stability. For this purpose, a method for producing a dielectric transmission interference filter is provided, in which an alternating layer system having the constituents magnesium fluoride, lead fluoride and antimony oxide is produced on a substrate by co-evaporation. After deposition, the substrate is subjected to heat treatment and irradiated with UV light in order to stabilize the layer system.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are photopolymerizable compositions and formulations that comprise photochromic dyes, photochromic blue light blocking dyes, permanent dyes, permanent blue blocking dyes, and/or their combinations. In some variations, these formulations are suited for example, for sandwiching between lens blanks to form semi-finished lens assemblies to form a tinted lens useful in sunglasses. The formulations are also suitable for correcting optical aberrations, and may provide a photochromic effect when exposed to sunlight.

Abstract: A multilayer mirror includes a layer sequence arranged on a substrate and a plurality of layer pairs. Each layer pair includes a first layer composed of a first material and a second layer composed of a second material. The first layers and the second layers each have a thickness of more than 2 nm, and the first material or the second material is a silicon boride or a molybdenum nitride.

Abstract: A system and method for uniform light generation in projection display systems. An illumination source comprises a light source to produce colored light, and a scrolling optics unit optically coupled to the light source, the scrolling optics unit configured to create lines of colored light from the colored light, and to scroll the lines of colored light along a direction orthogonal to a light path of the illumination source. The scrolling optics unit comprises a single light shaping diffuser to transform the colored light into the lines of colored light, an optical filter positioned in the light path after the light shaping diffuser, and a scrolling optics element positioned in the light path after the optical filter. The single light shaping diffuser is capable of simultaneously transforming colored light into lines of colored light having substantially uniform intensity to provide uniform illumination.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing multilayers formed by thin mesoporous films of oxides or hybrid organic/inorganic materials by means of a combination of sol-gel methods, self-assembly of surfactants and selective functionalization of the surfaces of the pores. Each of the constituent layers has a chemical composition, thickness, and index of refraction.

Abstract: Multi-spectral filter elements and methods of formation are disclosed. Each multi-spectral filter element may include a plurality of sub-filters that are, in some embodiments, each adapted to respond to electromagnetic radiation within respective ones of a plurality of spectral bands. A method embodiment includes forming an optical cavity layer. Volume of the optical cavity layer can be reduced in at least N?1 number of spatial regions. The reducing may include a number of selective removal steps equal to the binary logarithm function Log2 N. In this example, each spatial region corresponds to a respective one of the plurality sub-filters. The plurality of sub-filters include at least N sub-filters. In particular embodiments, the respective ones of the plurality of spectral bands may be at least partially discrete with respect to each other.

Abstract: There is disclosed an optical filter element that includes a translucent substrate; a laminated film formed by laminating plural thin films including a metal film on the translucent substrate; and a parallel structure in which parallel concave-shaped defective parts are periodically provided at a pitch shorter than a transmitted light wavelength. The parallel structure is formed in at least a part of the laminated film.

Abstract: A transparent solar control film may have a single or multiple layer core that includes at least one layer of an orientated thermoplastic polymer material. Infrared radiation absorbing nanoparticles that preferentially absorb at least about 100 times more infrared radiation than visible radiation may be dispersed within the at least one layer of an oriented thermoplastic polymer layer. The transparent solar control film may have a haze value of less than about 5 percent.

Abstract: A reflective optical element and an EUV lithography appliance containing one such element are provided, the appliance displaying a low propensity to contamination. The reflective optical element has a protective layer system consisting of at least one layer. The optical characteristics of the protective layer system are between those of a spacer and an absorber, or correspond to those of a spacer. The selection of a material with the smallest possible imaginary part and a real part which is as close to 1 as possible in terms of the refractive index leads to a plateau-type reflectivity course according to the thickness of the protective layer system between two thicknesses d1 and d2. The thickness of the protective layer system is selected in such a way that it is less than d2.

Abstract: A light dispersion filter is composed of three or more optically transparent layers each having a value equal to the value of the product of the refractive index and thickness of the optically transparent layer and transmitted light, and a plurality of partially reflective layers arranged alternately with the optically transparent layers and having predetermined reflectivities. Alternatively, a light dispersion filter has a plurality of etalon resonators which are arranged in series such that the value of the product of the refractive index of air and the interval of the etalon resonators is equal to the value of the product of the refractive index and thickness of the optically transparent layers.

Abstract: A dichroic, light refracting resin panel comprises one or more dichroic/refracting films that have been embedded and/or laminated between a plurality of resin substrates, such as copolyester, polycarbonate, and/or acrylic substrates. The dichroic resin panel can be manufactured with a variety of different materials, and with autoclave or hot press methods in a manner that ensures structural and aesthetic integrity. Specifically, a dichroic resin panel in accordance with the present invention can be created in such a way as to avoid delamination despite a variety of end-uses and formations (e.g., curved panel, embossed/textured surfaces). In addition, the dichroic resin panels can be handled, transported, and installed in a variety of exterior or interior applications, even where certain building code requirements may be relatively stringent. The dichroic resin panels can be used in a variety of structural and/or aesthetic applications.

Abstract: Polymer fibers are formed with concentric alternating layers of different polymer materials. The layers pairs have cross-sectional thicknesses selected for reflecting light at a selected visible wavelength. A cross-sectional dimension of the core is at least ten times an average of the selected thicknesses of the alternating layers. Some articles formed by the fibers are formed by attaching one fiber to another: the color of the fibers at the point of attachment is different from the colors of the fibers elsewhere. The fibers may be deformed to change its color properties by elongating the cross-section of the polymer fiber along a first cross-sectional axis. In some embodiments, the fibers are polarization sensitive.

Abstract: An optical filter is provided which includes a plurality of hard coating layers of alternating high and low refractive index provided on a substrate and has an associated first transmission band. The filter also includes at least one additional plurality of hard coating layers including high and low refractive index layers and Herpin equivalent layers sandwiched therebetween. The additional plurality of layers has an associated second transmission band that substantially coincides with the first transmission band, but provides additional blocking at wavelengths outside the first transmission band. Relatively wide transmission bands and high blocking over an extended range of wavelengths can be achieved such that the filter is suitable for use in multiphoton fluorescence systems.

Abstract: A film stack includes an interlayer dielectric formed over one or more devices. The film stack further includes a first layer having a high extinction coefficient formed on the interlayer dielectric and a second layer having a low extinction coefficient formed on the first layer. The first and second layers prevent ultraviolet induced damage to the one or more devices while minimizing reflectivity for lithographic processes.

Abstract: A light dispersion filter is composed of three or more optically transparent layers each having a value equal to the value of the product of the refractive index and thickness of the optically transparent layer and transmitted light, and a plurality of partially reflective layers arranged alternately with the optically transparent layers and having predetermined reflectivities. Alternatively, a light dispersion filter has a plurality of etalon resonators which are arranged in series such that the value of the product of the refractive index of air and the interval of the etalon resonators is equal to the value of the product of the refractive index and thickness of the optically transparent layers.

Abstract: A color filter structure includes a substrate, in which a number of first pixel regions, a number of second pixel regions, and a number of third pixel regions are defined on the substrate. Each first pixel region includes a first stack layer; each second pixel region includes a second stack layer; and each third pixel region includes the first stack layer and the second stack layer.

Abstract: An optical element including an anti-reflective coating is provided. The optical element includes a silicon substrate and a reflective layer disposed onto a first portion of the surface of the silicon substrate. An anti-reflective layer is disposed onto a second portion of the surface of the silicon substrate such that destructive interference at the anti-reflective layer substantially reduces any reflection of radiation incident on the anti-reflective layer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing low cost miniature images is provided. Modulated layers of materials over silicon substrate provide the shades of gray or colors needed to provide the perception of an image. Reflective characteristics as well as refractive characteristics of materials and modulated layers serve to produce the desired effects. Quasi-random geometries eliminate unwanted rainbow impressions. The resultant image is highly resistant to environmental conditions. Metal anodizing and coloring methods as well as metal anodizing interference thin layers methods are used to add more colors to the images. Relatively high-pitch patterns within the image produce secondary visual effects.

Abstract: A screen includes: a substrate; and a first color material layer disposed on one surface of the substrate, wherein the first color material layer includes a first color material adapted to absorb light with a part of wavelengths of an incident light, and the first color material has a peak absorption wavelength in a visible light range, and a size of causing Mie scattering on the light in the visible light range.

Abstract: Taught herein is an integragted narrow bandpass filter array and a method of its fabrication. The filter array is a Fabry-Perot type of filter array, wherein the pass band changes with the thickness of the spacer layer. The integrated filter array comprises a substrate, a lower mirror stack, a spacer array, and an upper mirror stack. The spacer array is an array of varied thicknesses formed using a combinatorial deposition technique. The spacer array is used to control the pass band of each mini-size narrow bandpass filter and realizes the integration of narrow bandpass filters with different pass bands on a single substrate. The merit of this technique lies in its fabrication efficiency and finished product rate which are much higher than for conventional methods. The filter array is completely matched with detector arrays and functional in most of the important optical ranges.

Abstract: An image projection system includes a light source for generating a light beam, a reflective housing, and an invisible-light reflector. The reflective housing includes an opening and forms an accommodating space for accommodating the light source so that the light beam can emit from the opening along an optical path. The invisible-light reflector, whose normal is arranged to form an acute angle with the optical path, is installed at a reflecting position intersecting with the optical path outside the opening of the reflective housing. The invisible light of the light beam will be reflected back to the accommodating space by the invisible-light reflector without any destruction caused by the invisible light.