Abstract: A freeform folded optical system that include two freeform prisms with optical power. At least one of the freeform prisms is configured to fold the optical axis twice. Thus, embodiments of the freeform folded optical system fold the optical axis three or four times. Folding the optical axis three or four times in the freeform prisms allows for long focal lengths required for telephoto lens applications without requiring additional lens elements between the prisms. In addition, the configuration of the freeform folded optical system provides reduced Z-axis height when compared to conventional folded lens systems with similar optical characteristics.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer programs are presented for enhancing a machine-generated product image. One method includes an operation for receiving a request on a user interface (UI) to generate an image, where the request comprises a description of the image to be generated and identification of a product for inclusion in the image. The method further includes operations for generating, by a generative artificial intelligence (GAI) model, a first image based on the request, analyzing the first image to identify a presentation of the product in the first image, and selecting a product image from a database of product images based on the identification of the product. The method further includes replacing the presentation of the product in the first image with the selected product image to obtain a second image, and causing presentation in the UI of the second image.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a compound light-guide optical element (LOE) is provided. A bonded stack of a plurality of LOE precursors and a plurality of transparent spacer plates alternating therebetween is bonded to a first optical block having a plurality of mutually parallel obliquely angled internal surfaces. The block is joined to the stack such that first plurality of partially reflective internal surfaces of the block is non-parallel to the internal surfaces of the LOE precursor. After bonding, a second optical is thereby formed. At least one compound LOE is sliced-out of the second optical block by cutting the second block through at least two consecutive spacer plates having a LOE precursor sandwiched therebetween.

Abstract: A filter may include a substrate. The filter may include a stepped medium disposed on the substrate. The filter may include a first mirror disposed on the stepped medium. The first mirror may form a stepped mirror surface. Each step, of the stepped mirror surface may correspond to a channel, of a set of channels, of the filter. The filter may include a spacer disposed on the stepped mirror surface. The filter may include a second mirror disposed on another surface of the spacer.

Abstract: A method of assembling a facet mirror of an optical system, in which facets of the facet mirror are imaged onto a field plane of the optical system, includes: a) determining positions of the facets of the facet mirror relative to interfaces of the facet mirror, with the aid of which the facet mirror is able to be connected to a support structure; b) calculating an actual position of an object field of the optical system arising for the facet mirror in the field plane; and c) arranging spacers between the interfaces and the support structure so that the object field in the field plane is brought from the calculated actual position to a target position.

Abstract: An optical system for a camera may include a lens group having a plurality of lenses, a prism, and an image sensor. The prism may be positioned, optically, between the plurality of lenses and the image sensor along the optical transmitting path of the light. The prism may include at least four surfaces, which may fold the light within the prism at least four times to guide the light from the plurality of lenses passing through the prism to the image sensor. The prism may include multiple prisms joined together using an optical cement. The prism may include one or more aperture masks inside the prism to reduce flare.

Abstract: A visual impairment device includes a power supply, an intense light source having two or more beams of intense light with different peak wavelengths and a wavelength bandwidth less than 50 nm, a modulator and a control circuit. The modulator operates to modulates the two or more beams of intense light to produce a spatial array such that at least one of the beams used to produce the spatial array has the requisite irradiance to cause visual impairment. In some examples, the beams of intense light are laser beams. Also included are methods of using the device to cause visual impairment of an intruder who enters a visual impairment zone created by said device.

Abstract: A wearable display apparatus is described herein. The wearable display apparatus includes an image generator that forms a 2D image, a partially transmissive mirror having a curved reflective surface, a beam splitter disposed to reflect light toward the curved mirror surface, and an optical image relay that is configured to conjugate the formed 2D image at the image generator to a curved focal surface of the partially transmissive mirror.

Abstract: A wearable display apparatus is described herein. The wearable display apparatus includes a headset, a left-eye optical system, a right-eye optical system, and an inter-pupil distance (IPD) adjustment system coupled to the headset, the left-eye optical system, and the right-eye optical system for adjusting an inter-pupil spacing between the left-eye optical system and the right-eye optical system.

Abstract: Robotic surgical systems and methods of operating robotic surgical systems are included. The methods include directing light at an optical element configured to be detected by an image capture device of the robotic surgical system, the optical element configured to reflect light having a wavelength within a predetermined range, detecting, using an image capture device capturing images of the optical element, an absence or a presence of the reflected light from the optical element, and providing a notification, in response to the detection by the image capture device of the absence of the reflected light from the optical element.

Abstract: Systems and methods for tracking the position of a head-mounted display (HMD) system component. The HMD component may carry a plurality of angle sensitive detectors that are able to detect the angle of light emitted from a light source. The HMD component may include one or more scatter detectors that detect whether light has been scattered or reflected, so such light can be ignored. Control circuitry causes light sources to emit light according a specified pattern, and receives sensor data from the plurality of angle sensitive detectors. The processor may process the sensor data and scatter detector data, for example using machine learning or other techniques, to track a position of the HMD component. An angle sensitive detector may include a spatially-varying polarizer having a position-varying polarizing pattern and one or more polarizer layers that together are operative to detect the angle of impinging light.

Abstract: A wearable display apparatus has a headset for display from left-eye and right-eye near-eye catadioptric pupil-forming optical systems, each defining an exit pupil. Each optical system has an image generator to direct image-bearing light for a 2D image from an emissive surface. A curved reflective surface along the view axis is partially transmissive and defines a curved intermediate focal surface. A beam splitter reflects light toward the curved reflective surface. An image relay optically conjugates the formed image with a curved aerial image formed in air at the curved intermediate focal surface. The image relay has a prism having an input surface facing the emissive surface of the image generator, an output surface facing the curved intermediate focal surface, and a folding surface between input and output surfaces for folding the optical path for light generated by the image generator. An aperture stop for the relay is within the prism.

Abstract: A wearable display apparatus has a headset for display from left-eye and right-eye near-eye catadioptric pupil-forming optical systems, each defining an exit pupil. Each optical system has an image generator to direct image-bearing light for a 2D image from an emissive surface. A curved reflective surface along the view axis is partially transmissive and defines a curved intermediate focal surface. A beam splitter reflects light toward the curved reflective surface. An image relay optically conjugates the formed image with a curved aerial image formed in air at the curved intermediate focal surface. The image relay has a prism having an input surface facing the emissive surface of the image generator, an output surface facing the curved intermediate focal surface, and a folding surface between input and output surfaces for folding the optical path for light generated by the image generator. An aperture stop for the relay is within the prism.

Abstract: Embodiments comprise a system created through fabricating a lens array through which lasers are emitted. The lens array may be fabricated in the semiconductor substrate used for fabricating the lasers or may be a separate substrate of other transparent material that would be aligned to the lasers. In some embodiments, more lenses may be produced than will eventually be used by the lasers. The inner portion of the substrate may be formed with the lenses that will be used for emitting lasers, and the outer portion of the substrate may be formed with lenses that will not be used for emitting lasers—rather, through etching these additional lenses, the inner lenses may be created with a higher quality.

Abstract: A display of real world scenes comprising one or more optical mirror film surfaces having one or more selected deformations on said surfaces including a plurality of flat mirror facets, a plurality of folded mirror ridges, and a plurality of mirror vertices capable of capturing and transforming said scenes into other-worldly virtual images for recorded play back video image of said virtual images and other applications; including a method of imposing one or more selected ordered and disordered deformations on said mirror film surface irreversibly as a means of forming surfaces useful for the function of said virtual imaging display.

Abstract: A display has an image generator; a partially transmissive mirror having a curved surface; a beam splitter to reflect incident light toward the curved surface; and an optical image relay that defines a path to relay light to a curved focal surface of a partially transmissive mirror, the curved focal surface is between a curved reflective surface of the partial mirror and the beam splitter. A prism has a folding surface in the optical path for light from the image generator, wherein an aperture stop for the relay lies within the prism. A first plano-aspheric lens, against the prism input surface, guides light from the image generator toward the folding surface; a second plano-aspheric lens, in optical contact against the prism output surface, directs light to the curved focal surface. The relay, curved mirror, and beam splitter form an exit pupil for viewing the scene with a 2D image superimposed.

Abstract: A folded light path illuminator is provided. The illuminator may include a polarizing beam splitter having an input face, an output face and an imager face, a light source disposed adjacent the input face and defining an input active area on the input face, and an image forming device disposed adjacent the imager face for receiving light emitted from the light source and emitting a patterned light, which may be a converging patterned light. The image forming device may have a largest image area which defines an output active area on the output face. One or both of the input active area and the output active area may be less than about half the largest image area. The polarizing beam splitter may include first and second prisms and the volume of the first prism may be no greater than half the volume of the second prism.

Abstract: An embodiment provides an imaging lens comprising first to fourth lenses that are sequentially arranged from an object side towards an image side and satisfying mathematical formula 1, wherein the first lens has negative refractive power, the second lens and the third lens have positive refractive power, and the fourth lens has negative refractive power. ?40.0<R1+R2<?20.0 where R1 is the curvature radius of the object side surface of the first lens, and R2 is the curvature radius of the image side surface of the first lens.

Abstract: A filter may include a substrate. The filter may include a stepped medium disposed on the substrate. The filter may include a first mirror disposed on the stepped medium. The first mirror may form a stepped mirror surface. Each step, of the stepped mirror surface may correspond to a channel, of a set of channels, of the filter. The filter may include a spacer disposed on the stepped mirror surface. The filter may include a second mirror disposed on another surface of the spacer.

Abstract: A folded light path illuminator is provided. The illuminator may include a polarizing beam splitter having an input face, an output face and an imager face, a light source disposed adjacent the input face and defining an input active area on the input face, and an image forming device disposed adjacent the imager face for receiving light emitted from the light source and emitting a patterned light, which may be a converging patterned light. The image forming device may have a largest image area which defines an output active area on the output face. One or both of the input active area and the output active area may be less than about half the largest image area. The polarizing beam splitter may include first and second prisms and the volume of the first prism may be no greater than half the volume of the second prism.

Abstract: A waveguide display includes a substrate having two opposite surfaces, and a slanted grating at a first surface of the two opposite surfaces of the substrate. The slanted grating includes a plurality of ridges and is characterized by a grating period in one direction. The plurality of ridges is tilted at a slant angle with respect to a surface normal of the first surface and is characterized by a height. The height of the plurality of ridges, the grating period, and the slant angle are configured to cause destructive interference between ambient light diffracted by the slanted grating. In some embodiments, a difference between the height of the plurality of ridges and an integer multiple of the grating period divided by the tangent of the slant angle is less than a threshold value.

Abstract: A display device according to the invention includes an image generating unit and a projection optical system. The projection optical system includes an optical element provided with a plurality of curved mirrors. The plurality of curved mirrors are arranged in a first direction so that the curved mirror positioned on a far side from the image generating unit has a greater inclination than that of the curved mirror positioned on a near side to the image generating unit. A duty cycle of a first curved mirror among the plurality of curved mirrors is less than a duty cycle of a second curved mirror, and a pitch of the first curved mirror is less than a pitch of the second curved mirror.

Abstract: Head-up display includes display device and projection optical system. Display device displays an image. Projection optical system includes refraction lens. Projection optical system projects the image displayed on display device to an observer. Refraction lens is disposed while inclined with respect to a reference beam. An incident surface of refraction lens is a concave surface relative to a side of display device in an X-axis direction. A curvature in a Y-axis direction of the incident surface is smaller than a curvature in the X-axis direction.

Abstract: Projection optical system for forming an image on a substrate and including an illumination relay lens and a projection lens each of which is a catadioptric system. The projection lens may include two portions in optical communication with one another, the first of which is dioptric and the second of which is catadioptric. In a specific case, the projection optical system satisfies 4 < ? ? I ? ? ? T ? < 30 , where ?I and ?T are magnifications of the first portion and the overall projection lens. Optionally, the projection lens may be structured to additionally satisfy 6 < ? ? II ? ? ? T ? < 20 , where ?II is a magnification of the second portion. A digital scanner including such projection optical system and operating with UV light having a spectral bandwidth on the order of 1 picometer. Method for forming an image with such projection optical system.

Abstract: An image acquisition device includes a spatial light modulator modulating irradiation light, a control unit controlling a modulating pattern so that a plurality of light converging points are formed in an observation object, a light converging optical system converging the modulated irradiation light, a scanning unit scanning positions of the plurality of light converging points in the observation object in a scanning direction intersecting an optical axis of the light converging optical system, and a photodetector configured to detect a plurality of observation lights generated from the plurality of light converging points. The control unit sets a center spacing between adjacent light converging points on the basis of the positions of the plurality of light converging points in a direction of the optical axis.

Abstract: Disclosed is a security document including an image area, a repeating image pattern in the image area of mutually spaced image elements at a mutual distance D and a layer of a plastics material overlying the image area and an array of lenses in the plastics material. The lenses are spaced at a mutual distance L which may be equal to D or which may differ from D, the array of lenses overlying only a part of the image area surface and are formed in the plastics material within an image contour. Within the contour an image may be observed such as a Moiré magnification or a Moiré effect of light and dark stripes. The lenses may be formed for instance by laser ablation or by imprinting.

Abstract: A system comprising: a handheld mobile device comprising: a projector unit configured to project an image; a camera; and a prism configured to reflect the image projected by the projector such that the camera can capture the projected image.

Abstract: An integral image device (1) comprises an array (20) of focusing micro-lenses (22), optionally a reflecting layer (40) and an image fragment plane (30). The reflecting layer is positioned on a same side of the array of focusing micro-lenses as a focal plane of the focusing micro-lenses as such. The reflecting layer is arranged for reflecting at least a part of light incident on a surface (49) of the reflecting layer facing the array of focusing micro-lenses. The image fragment plane has image fragment structures (32). The array of focusing micro-lenses is positioned between the reflecting layer and the image fragment plane. The image fragment plane is arranged to, when being viewed refracted through the array of focusing micro-lenses towards the reflecting layer, reflected by the reflecting layer and refracted back through the array of focusing micro-lenses from the reflecting layer, give rise to an integral image.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fixed focus-type photographing apparatus, which can inexpensively and simply increase a depth of field by disposing a removable light diffusion plate in an existing lens optical system, and an optical system of the photographing apparatus. A photographing apparatus includes: an optical system, including two or more than two lenses, a diaphragm disposed between any two adjacent lenses of the lenses, and a light diffusion plate disposed at a position that is in front of a forefront first lens; and a photographing element, disposed at a position that is behind a rearmost final lens, where: the light diffusion plate includes a light diffusion surface, and a distance a from a front surface of the first lens to the diaphragm is less than a distance b from the diaphragm to the photographing element.

Abstract: There is provided an optical element including: a substrate; and a plurality of microlenses formed on the substrate. A reflecting surface of the microlens is an aspherical surface and asymmetrical with respect to an optical axis of the microlens. A pitch between adjacent ones of the microlenses is 10 to 230 ?m. A depth of the microlens is 3.2 to 15.4 ?m.

Abstract: A mirror is used to form a beam of laser-radiation having a uniform intensity distribution from a beam of laser-radiation having a non-uniform intensity distribution. The mirror has a reflective surface that has a compound shape, which is two inclined surfaces joined by a rounded apex. The compound-mirror is achromatic and can form a uniform intensity distribution from a polychromatic beam of laser-radiation. The uniform intensity distribution may be an isotropic distribution or a flat-top distribution in a plane. The non-uniform intensity distribution may be a Gaussian distribution from a laser source.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel comprises a backlight unit including an optical assembly and configured to differentiate the liquid crystal display panel into a plurality of blocks and to illuminate light to each of the plurality of blocks; a location sensor configured to sense a location of a user watching the liquid crystal display panel; a backlight controller configured to output a dimming value corresponding to a brightness of each of the plurality of blocks according to a result of sensing by the location sensor; and a backlight driver configured to generate a driving current corresponding to the dimming value of each block and to provide the generated driving current to the backlight unit corresponding to each of the plurality of blocks.

Abstract: Optical systems such as image display systems include a freeform optical waveguide prism and a freeform compensation lens spaced therefrom by a gap of air or index cement. The compensation lens corrects for aberrations which the optical waveguide prism will introduce in light or images from an ambient real-world environment. The optical waveguide prism receives actively projected images at an entry location, and emits the projected images at an exit location after internally reflecting the images along an optical path therein. The image display system may include an image source and coupling optics. The approach permits design of an optical viewing device, for example in optical see-through HMDs, achieving an eyeglass-form appearance and a wide see-through field of view (FOV).

Abstract: Described is an optical element and a device for generating an optical line pattern. The optical element and a device having such an optical element comprise a first optical surface and a second optical surface which comprises a plurality of cylinder-shaped partial areas which extend along a first direction (X) and are stacked along a second direction (Y). The second direction (Y) extends vertically to the first direction (X), and an optical axis (Z) extends vertically to the first direction (X) and vertically to the second direction (Y), where at least 60% of the surface of the cylinder-shaped partial areas is oriented in such a way that a normal vector arranged on the surface extends to a side facing away from the optical axis (Z) and to a side facing away from the first optical surface.

Abstract: An optical system for an endoscope includes an objective lens, a relay lens arrangement, and a correction optical system disposed in an optical path on a proximal end side of the objective lens. The correction optical system corrects curvature of field caused by the relay lens arrangement. In the optical system for an endoscope, the correction optical system includes at least one concave mirror having an aspherical surface.

Abstract: Systems and methods that accept the emitted radiant power from such a combined diode laser structure (laser bar stack) and efficiently direct essentially all of it into the pump cladding of a double-clad fiber amplifier, such that the radiant power will then be absorbed by a rare-earth doped core in the active fiber.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence display device according to the invention includes a TFT substrate, a retroreflective body formed on the TFT substrate so as to correspond to each of pixels, a plurality of organic electroluminescence elements formed on the retroreflective bodies so as to correspond to the pixels, and a pixel separation film adapted to section the pixels, and the pixel separation film is formed in an area corresponding to an area between a boundary between the pixels adjacent to each other and an outer periphery of the retroreflective body.

Abstract: An illumination optical unit for EUV projection lithography has a first and second facet mirrors, each with a plurality of reflecting facets on a support. The facets of the first facet mirror can be switched between various tilt positions. In each tilt position, the tiltable first facet is assigned to a second facet of the second facet mirror for deflecting EUV radiation in the direction of this second facet. Each of the first facets is assigned to a set of second facets by its tilt positions. The two facet mirrors are arranged so that an arrangement distribution of second facets, impinged upon via the first facets, results in an illumination-angle distribution of an illumination of an illumination field.

Abstract: Generating a scanned-surface model representing a scanned surface includes various steps. For example, instrument model coordinates may be obtained that represent a position of the instrument in the 3D model. In addition, surface-distance measurements may be derived describing a distance from the scanned surface. Inertial measurements are also recorded. The instrument model coordinates, surface-distance measurements, and inertial measurements are correlated and filtered by a rules based selection process to determine scanned-surface model coordinates.

Abstract: In embodiments of laser illumination scanning, an imaging unit includes a linear array of spatial light modulators that direct light in a direction perpendicular to an imaging scan direction. The lasers each emit the light through a diffractive optic that uniformly illuminates the spatial light modulators, and a scanning mirror then scans the spatial light modulators to generate a two-dimensional image for display. The lasers can include red, green, and blue lasers for RGB illumination of the spatial light modulators, which can be implemented as reflective liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS), transmissive LCOS, or as micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) mirrors.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a camera module herein. The camera module includes a case; a bracket that is installed in the case, wherein an elastic element is interposed between the bracket and the case, and the bracket is elastically supported in the case by the elastic element; a substrate coupled to a lower portion of the bracket; an image sensor installed on the printed circuit board, wherein an upper portion of the image sensor is inserted into the bracket; and a focusing and tilt adjuster that is coupled through a bottom surface of the case, wherein a front end portion of the focusing and tilt adjuster contacts the substrate.

Abstract: A microfluidic multiple channel particle analysis system (1) which allows particles (2) from a plurality of particle sources (3) to be independently simultaneously entrained in a corresponding plurality of fluid streams (4) for analysis and sorting into particle subpopulations (5) based upon one or more particle characteristics (6).

Abstract: An aspect of the invention provides a security device including an array of printed lenses arranged on a first surface of a substrate and a microimage array underlying the array of printed lenses, whereby a synthetic image of portions of the microimages is generated by the lenses. The security device further comprises at least one tactile element arranged on the first surface of the substrate which is of greater or lesser height than the printed lenses, the at least one tactile element being registered to the array of printed lenses.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes a plurality of display elements each configured to display an original image, and an observation optical system configured to introduce light fluxes from the plurality of display elements to an exit pupil via a plurality of optical units, and to present a combined image. When a decentering section of each optical unit is defined as a section formed by a principal ray of the light flux introduced to the same image point in the combined image when the principal ray is reflected, the plurality of optical units are arranged so that decentering sections of the plurality of optical units are parallel. The plurality of display elements includes two neighboring display elements, and display planes of the two display elements partially display the same image.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an obstacle sensing module and a cleaning robot including the same. The cleaning robot includes a body, a driver to drive the body, an obstacle sensing module to sense an obstacle present around the body, and a control unit to control the driver, based on sensed results of the obstacle sensing module. The obstacle sensing module includes at least one light emitter including a light source, and a wide-angle lens to refract or reflect light from the light source so as to diffuse the incident light in the form of planar light, and a light receiver including a reflection mirror to again reflect reflection light reflected by the obstacle so as to generate reflection light, an optical lens spaced from the reflection mirror by a predetermined distance, to allow the reflection light to pass through the optical lens, and an image sensor, and an image processing circuit.

Abstract: A device forms laser radiation which has partial beams interspaced in a first direction that is perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the laser radiation, especially for forming laser radiation which is emitted by a laser diode bar. The device contains a plurality of reflective surfaces on which at least one of the interspaced partial beams can be reflected in such a manner that the distances of the partial beams are smaller relative to each other after reflection than before reflection.

Abstract: A reflective imaging element includes: a plurality of holes penetrating through the plate-like substrate along a thickness direction thereof; two orthogonally-disposed specular elements on inner walls of the plurality of holes; a first principal face on which light from an object is received; a second principal face parallel to the first principal face; and two taper elements opposing the two specular elements. The two taper elements each have a first side parallel to the first principal face, a second side orthogonal to the first principal face and to the first side, and a hypotenuse meeting the first and second sides and constituting an angle ? with the second side. An angle constituted by a normal direction of the first principal face and an incident direction of light striking the first principal face defines an incident angle ?, such that, in a range of 0°<?<90°, the angle ? satisfies (90°??)/4??.

Abstract: An optical film or other optical body has a structured surface comprising Fresnel prisms. The Fresnel prisms define a complex topography. For example, a first and second Fresnel prism may have elongated first and second plan view shapes that form a “wye” (Y-shaped) feature. Alternatively or in addition, the Fresnel prisms may be arranged such that slopes of the Fresnel prisms define one or more saddle points. Furthermore, one or more of the Fresnel prisms may have prism shapes in plan view that include undulating portions, and the Fresnel prisms may be arranged in a slope sequence that defines one or more inflection points. The Fresnel prisms may be refractive or reflective, and they may provide the structured surface with a 3-dimensional appearance.

Abstract: An optionally transferable optical system with a reduced thickness is provided. The inventive optical system is basically made up of a synthetic image presentation system in which one or more arrangements of structured image icons are substantially in contact with, but not completely embedded within, one or more arrangements of focusing elements. The focusing element and image icon arrangements cooperate to form at least one synthetic image. By way of the subject invention, the requirement for an optical spacer to provide the necessary focal distance between the focusing elements and their associated image icon(s) is removed. As a result, overall system thicknesses are reduced, suitability as a surface-applied authentication system is enabled, and tamper resistance is improved.

Abstract: Micro-mirror arrays configured for use in a variable focal length lens are described herein. An example variable focal length lens comprises a micro-mirror array having a plurality of micro-mirror element arranged in at least a first section and a second section. Each micro-mirror element has a tilt axis and comprises, on each of two opposing sides of the tilt axis, (i) at least one actuation electrode, (ii) at least one measurement electrode, and (iii) at least one stopper. Additionally, each micro-mirror element in the first section has a first tilt axis range, and each micro-mirror element in the second section has a second tilt axis range, with the first tilt axis range being less than the second tilt axis range.