Abstract: A magnetic recording medium having a magnetic layer containing magnetic powder provided on a support is disclosed. The magnetic layer possesses a servo band in which a servo signal for controlling tracking of a magnetic head, and a data band on which a data is recorded. The servo signal is magnetized and recorded on the servo band, having been magnetized in one direction of the track direction thereof, in the direction other than the one direction. The thickness of the magnetic layer ranging from 10 to 180 ?m, and variation [standard deviation of Mrt] of the product [Mrt] of the residual magnetism by the thickness of the magnetic field being not more than 30%.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium is provided. The magnetic recording medium includes: a substrate; a perpendicular magnetic recording layer which is formed over the substrate; a first soft magnetic underlayer which is disposed between the perpendicular magnetic recording layer and the substrate; a second soft magnetic underlayer which is disposed between the first soft magnetic underlayer and the perpendicular magnetic recording layer; and an isolation layer which is disposed between the first soft magnetic underlayer and the second magnetic layer and which prevents magnetic interaction between the first soft magnetic underlayer and the second soft magnetic underlayer, wherein anisotropy field Hk of the second soft magnetic underlayer is greater than anisotropy field Hk of the first soft magnetic underlayer.

Abstract: A perpendicular magnetic recording medium is disclosed that is able to prevent the Wide Area Track Erasure phenomenon from occurring and is capable of high density recording. The perpendicular magnetic recording medium includes a substrate; a soft-magnetic backup stack structure including a first magnetic layer, a first non-magnetic coupling layer, and a second magnetic layer stacked on the substrate in order; an intermediate layer formed from a non-magnetic material on the soft-magnetic backup stacked structure; and a recording layer on the intermediate layer, the recording layer having an easy axis of magnetization perpendicular to the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: According to embodiments of the present invention, a shielded pole writer and a perpendicular magnetic recording medium suitable thereto are combined to provide high medium SNR and excellent OW characteristic simultaneously. A perpendicular magnetic recording medium of a magnetic storage apparatus mounting a shielded pole writer, including a perpendicular magnetic recording medium having a recording layer of a three layered structure is used. A first recording layer has a granular structure consisting of grain boundaries containing an oxide and columnar grains comprising a CoCrPt alloy, in which a second recording layer and a third recording layer formed thereabove comprise Co as a main ingredient, contain Cr and do not contain an oxide, and the Cr concentration in the second recording layer is lower than the Cr concentration in the third recording layer.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium according to one aspect of the present invention includes a substrate; an underlayer positioned on the substrate and made of a material having a body-centered-cubic crystalline structure or a B2 crystalline structure; a first intermediate layer positioned on the underlayer and having a hexagonal closest packing crystalline structure, and being made of Co or a Co alloy; a second intermediate layer positioned on the first intermediate layer and having a hexagonal closest packing crystalline structure, and being made of a material selected from the group consisting of Ru, Ti, Re, Zr, Hf, and a Ru alloy; and a magnetic layer positioned on the second intermediate layer and including multiple magnetic grains each having a hexagonal closest packing crystalline structure and an axis of easy magnetization oriented in a direction substantially parallel to a surface of the substrate, wherein the magnetic grains are isolated from each other.

Abstract: The vertical magnetic recording medium includes a first recording layer 16 having an easy magnetization axis directed vertical to a surface of the substrate 10, a second recording layer 20 formed over the first recording layer 16 and having an easy magnetization axis directed in-plane of the substrate 10 or oblique to the surface of the substrate 10, and a third recording layer 24 formed over the second recording layer 20 and having an easy magnetization axis directed vertical to the surface of the substrate 10, whereby the vertical magnetization recording medium can improve the reproduction output and can prevent the degradation of the signal quality due to the reproduction output decrease.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium is provided with a first magnetic layer, a nonmagnetic coupling layer provided on the first magnetic layer, and a second magnetic layer provided on the nonmagnetic coupling layer. The first and second magnetic layers are exchange-coupled, and have magnetization directions which are mutually parallel in a state where no external magnetic field is applied thereto, and the first magnetic layer switches the magnetization direction thereof before the second magnetic layer in response to a recording magnetic field which switches the magnetization directions of the first and second magnetic layers.

Abstract: A chamber for exposing a workpiece to charged particles includes a charged particle source for generating a stream of charged particles, a collimator configured to collimate and direct the stream of charged particles from the charged particle source along an axis, a beam digitizer downstream of the collimator configured to create a digital beam including groups of at least one charged particle by adjusting longitudinal spacing between the charged particles along the axis, a deflector downstream of the beam digitizer including a series of deflection stages disposed longitudinally along the axis to deflect the digital beams, and a workpiece stage downstream of the deflector configured to hold the workpiece.

Abstract: An information storage medium and an apparatus adopting the information storage medium. The information storage medium includes: a substrate; a lower magnetic layer formed on the substrate; and an upper magnetic layer, the upper magnetic layer includes an alumina layer having cavities formed on the lower magnetic layer and a magnetic material that is formed in the cavities of the alumina layer, which magnetic material contacts the lower magnetic layer.

Abstract: A thin film magnetic recording head utilizing a timing based servo pattern is fabricated using a focused ion beam (FIB). The recording head is fabricated by sputtering a magnetically permeable thin film onto a substrate. A gap pattern, preferably a timing based pattern, is defined on the thin film and the FIB cuts a gap through the thin film based on that pattern. Once completed, the recording head is used to write a servo track onto magnetic tape. The timing based servo track then allows for the precise alignment of data read heads based on the positional information obtained by a servo read head which scans the continuously variable servo track.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a magnetic head manufactures a magnetic head having a base, and a laminate stacked on the base and including a magneto-resistive device. The method mechanically polishes a surface of a structure including the base and the laminate close to a magnetic recording medium, wherein the surface of the structure includes an end face of the laminate including an end face of the magneto-resistive device and a surface of the base. Next, the method selectively etches a first region on the surface of the structure close to the magnetic recording medium, wherein the first region includes the surface of the base but does not include the end face of the magneto-resistive device. Subsequently, the method entirely etches the surface of the structure close to the magnetic recording medium.

Abstract: Cassette based systems and methods of hydrogen storage, distribution, and recovery are disclosed. A cassette or other container may contain a hydrogen storage or storing material. Information may be stored in the material and subsequently read or accessed. A probe may be used to interrogate the material. The hydrogen content or other characteristics of the material may be determined based on the interrogation. A hydrogen dispensing unit may contain a depleted cassette acceptor to accept depleted cassettes and a charged cassette dispenser to dispense charged cassettes. The dispensing unit may be implemented in a hydrogen retail store or as a standalone unit. The retail store or the unit may connect to a hydrogen network and implement various business methods, as disclosed herein.

Abstract: Heat assisted magnetic recording systems with composite recording films are disclosed. The magnetic recording films include superparamagnetic nanoparticles dispersed in an antiferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic matrix. The matrix provides antiferromagnetic coupling with the superparamagnetic nanoparticles, and minimizes exchange interactions between adjacent nanoparticles.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium includes a substrate, an underlayer, a lower magnetic layer formed on the underlayer, an intermediate layer, and an upper magnetic layer formed on the intermediate layer. The intermediate layer is typically Ru, and promotes anti ferromagnetic coupling between the upper and lower magnetic layers. The upper and lower magnetic layers are typically Co alloys. The lower magnetic layer has a high saturation magnetization Ms to promote high exchange coupling between the upper and lower magnetic layers. The dynamic coercivity of the lower magnetic layer is lower than the exchange field to ensure rapid switching of the lower magnetic layer.

Abstract: A perpendicular magnetic recording medium has a substrate, a magnetic functional layer provided on the substrate, and a magnetic recording layer stacked in contact with the magnetic functional layer and having perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. ?4×2?Ms2?Ku?6×2?Ms2 is satisfied, wherein Ku represents a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy constant of the magnetic functional layer and Ms represents a saturation magnetization. The magnetic moment of the magnetic functional layer is rotated in a direction of an applied magnetic field during the recording, and the magnetic moment acts on the magnetization of the recording layer in such a manner that the applied magnetic field is assisted thereby. Minute magnetic domains can be stably retained and excellent thermal disturbance resistance can be obtained.

Abstract: An electron-beam curable polyurethane resin for magnetic recording media is produced by modifying a polyurethane resin having active hydrogen in the molecule thereof with a compound having at least two acrylic double bonds, wherein the modification is performed on the active hydrogen so that the polyurethane resin becomes electron-beam curable. By subjecting a known thermosetting polyurethane resin to electron-beam sensitive modification, the resulting resin is highly crosslinked and is thus capable of being suitably used for magnetic recording media. Also, an electron-beam curable polyurethane resin having excellent crosslinking characteristics can easily be produced from the known thermosetting polyurethane resin. Furthermore, by using the electron-beam curable polyurethane resin, a high-performance magnetic recording medium can be provided.

Abstract: The invention is directed to patterned magnetic media for use in magnetic recording and data storage, and various conditioning techniques that can be used to magnetically condition the patterns. For example, a medium can be formed to exhibit a pattern of surface variations defined by patterned areas and non-patterned areas. Techniques are described for magnetically conditioning the patterned areas. The techniques may be useful for perpendicular patterned media, i.e., media having patterns formed on the media surface and having a magnetic anisotropy that is perpendicular to the plane of the medium. In particular, perpendicular magnetic anisotropy has been found to be an important factor that allows effective conditioning of patterned features having relatively small widths.

Abstract: A magnetic recording and reproducing system, including recording a signal on a magnetic recording medium by an inductive head and reproducing the signal by a magneto resistance head. The gap length of the inductive head is 0.3 ?m or less. The maximum particle diameter of ferromagnetic powder is from 1/10 to ½ of the gap length, the minimum particle diameter of the powder is from 1/100 to ? of the gap length, and the thickness of a magnetic layer is from 1/10 to ½ of the gap length. The average particle size of the powder is from 10 to 35 nm, the tabular ratio is from 2 to 6, the squareness ratio of in-plane of the magnetic layer is from 0.5 to 0.9 in the longitudinal direction, and from 0.2 to 0.6 in the thickness direction, and the thickness of the magnetic layer is from 0.01 to 0.2 ?m.

Abstract: Magnetic data storage media having recording layers that include microscopic surface protrusions are described. A recording head of a magnetic drive may contact the protrusions, i.e., the protrusion tops may define a load bearing surface area of the recording layers of such media. The heights of the protrusions under the recording head and distribution of the protrusions on the recording layers of such media may be substantially uniform. The load bearing surface area may be relatively small when compared to the total surface areas of the recording layers of such media. Also, the average distance between any two adjacent protrusions on such media may be defined based on the length of bits recorded thereon.

Abstract: A thin film magnetic recording head utilizing a timing based servo pattern is fabricated using a focused ion beam (FIB). The recording head is fabricated by sputtering a magnetically permeable thin film onto a substrate. A gap pattern, preferably a timing based pattern, is defined on the thin film and the FIB cuts a gap through the thin film based on that pattern. Once completed, the recording head is used to write a servo track onto magnetic tape. The timing based servo track then allows for the precise alignment of data read heads based on the positional information obtained by a servo read head which scans the continuously variable servo track.

Abstract: A method of forming a magnetic transition pattern in a longitudinal magnetic recording medium, comprising steps of: (a) providing a magnetic recording medium including a layer of a magnetic material having a surface comprised of a plurality of longitudinally extending magnetic domains; (b) contacting the surface of the layer of magnetic material with a topographically patterned imprinting surface of a stamper/imprinter formed of at least one high saturation magnetization, high permeability magnetic material; and (c) applying a unidirectional magnetic field perpendicular to the imprinting surface of the stamper/imprinter, the perpendicular magnetic field creating a longitudinal magnetic field component of sufficient strength to effect selective alignment of the magnetic domains of those portions of the layer of magnetic material which face the depressions of the imprinting surface while retaining the alignment of the magnetic domains of those portions of the layer of magnetic material which face the project

Abstract: A recording medium includes a substrate, and a recording layer formed on the substrate having (a) a recording track band, and (b) recording cells regularly arrayed in the recording track band to form a plurality rows of sub-tracks. The recording cells included in each sub-track are formed apart from each other at a pitch P in the track direction. Nearest neighboring two recording cells, each positioned on adjacent two sub-tracks in the track band, are formed apart from each other at a pitch P/n in the track direction, where 2?n?5.

Abstract: A desired pattern of elements, including an element having a slant side intersecting a recording track, is depicted on a resist layer on a disc-like substrate. The element is depicted by causing an electron beam whose beam diameter is smaller than the minimum width of the element to scan the resist layer so that the trajectory of the beam center of the electron beam on the resist layer draws a periodic waveform traveling along an axis parallel to the recording track. The periodic waveform is drawn from a starting point which is on a valley or a peak of the waveform. Angles ?3, ?1 and ?2 satisfy the relation ?1<?3<?2.

Abstract: A patterned perpendicular magnetic recording medium has magnetic islands that contain stacks of individual magnetic cells to provide multilevel recording. Each cell in an island is formed of a material or set of materials to provide the cell with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and is a single magnetic domain. Each cell is magnetically decoupled from the other cells in its island by nonmagnetic spacer layers. Thus each cell can have a magnetization (magnetic moment) in one of two directions (into or out of the plane of the layer making up the cell), and this magnetization is independent of the magnetization of the other cells in its island. This permits multiple magnetic levels or states to be recorded in each magnetic island.

Abstract: A cleaning medium for a magnetic recording apparatus is disclosed, comprising a nonmagnetic support having provided thereon a lower coating layer mainly containing a nonmagnetic inorganic powder and a binder, and a cleaning layer containing at least a ferromagnetic inorganic powder and a binder provided on the lower coating layer, wherein the thickness of the cleaning layer is from 0.05 to 1.0 ?m, the thickness of the lower coating layer is from 0.2 to 5.0 ?m, the thickness of the support is from 2.0 to 10 ?m, and the thickness in total of the cleaning medium (cleaning tape) is from 4.0 to 15 ?m.

Abstract: A magnetic recording system, such as a magnetic recording disk drive, uses a patterned perpendicular magnetic recording medium where each magnetic block or island contains a stack of individual magnetic cells to provide multilevel recording. Each cell in an island is formed of a material or set of materials to provide the cell with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and is a single magnetic domain. Each cell is magnetically decoupled from the other cells in its island by nonmagnetic spacer layers. Thus each cell can have a magnetization (magnetic moment) in one of two directions (into or out of the plane of the layer making up the cell), and this magnetization is independent of the magnetization of the other cells in its island, This permits multiple magnetic levels or states to be recorded in each magnetic island.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium includes a substrate, an underlayer, a lower magnetic layer formed on the underlayer, an intermediate layer, and an upper magnetic layer formed on the intermediate layer. The intermediate layer is typically Ru, and promotes antiferromagnetic coupling between the upper and lower magnetic layers. The upper and lower magnetic layers are typically Co alloys. The lower magnetic layer has a high saturation magnetization Ms to promote high exchange coupling between the upper and lower magnetic layers. The dynamic coercivity of the lower magnetic layer is lower than the exchange field to ensure rapid switching of the lower magnetic layer.

Abstract: A magnetic recording apparatus provides improved resolution and S/N without adversely affecting thermal stability. An angle formed by the direction of easy magnetization of a recording layer and the direction normal to a magnetic recording medium is in the range between 5° and 55°, the easy magnetization direction is from a back surface of the recording layer toward a front surface thereof, and when a recording track direction is from the upstream of the direction of transportation of the medium toward the downstream thereof, an angle formed by the direction of a projection of the easy magnetization direction on the medium plane and the recording track direction is in the range between 0° and 70°.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium having excellent magnetic read/write characteristics and thermal stability characteristics, and a method of manufacturing therefor, and a magnetic read/write apparatus are provided. This magnetic recording medium comprises an orientation control film 3 that controls the orientation of a film provided directly thereabove, a perpendicular magnetic film 5, of which the axis of easy magnetization is generally oriented perpendicular to a substrate, and a protective film 6, that are provided on a non-magnetic substrate 1, wherein the orientation control film 3 is made of a non-magnetic material which contains 33 to 80 at % of Ni and one or more kinds of elements selected from Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb and Ta.

Abstract: A thermal spring magnetic medium is provided having first and second stacks providing two exchange coupled ferromagnetic layers having different Curie temperatures. The first stack has a high magneto-crystalline anisotropy, a relatively low saturation magnetization and a low Curie temperature. The second stack has a relatively low magneto-crystalline anisotropy, a high saturation magnetization and a high Curie temperature. Preferably the first stack includes an alloy of Fe—Pt or Co—Pt, and the second stack includes an allow of Co—Pt or Co—Pd. A disk drive system having the novel medium is also provided.

Abstract: A magnetic recording method uses a patterned perpendicular magnetic recording medium where each magnetic block or island contains a stack of individual magnetic cells to providing multilevel recording. Each cell in an island is formed of a material or set of materials to provide the cell with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and is a single magnetic domain. Each cell is magnetically decoupled from the other cells in its island by nonmagnetic spacer layers. Thus each cell can have a magnetization (magnetic moment) in one of two directions (into or out of the plane of the layer making up the cell), and this magnetization is independent of the magnetization of the other cells in its island. This permits multiple magnetic levels or states to be recorded in each magnetic island.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium has first, second and third magnetic layers having magnetization directions which are alternately antiparallel in a state where no external magnetic field is applied on the magnetic recording medium, with a first nonmagnetic layer interposed between the first and second magnetic layers and a second nonmagnetic layer interposed between the second and third magnetic layers. A relationship Ms2×t2<(Ms1×t1+Ms3×t3) stands, where Ms1, Ms2 and Ms3, and t1, t2 and t2 respectively denote saturation magnetizations and thicknesses of the first, second and third magnetic layers.

Abstract: A master medium for magnetic transfer includes a substrate having a concave portion formed in its surface corresponding to a pattern of recorded information to be transferred; a first perpendicular ferromagnetic layer deposited in the concave portion; and a second perpendicular ferromagnetic layer layered on the substrate surface and the first perpendicular ferromagnetic layer surface. The substrate surface and the first perpendicular ferromagnetic layer surface are flattened to form a single flat surface. In the master medium for magnetic transfer, a magnetic field change in a direction parallel to the substrate surface at a magnetization boundary of the first perpendicular ferromagnetic layer is steep. Since the influence of the change of an external magnetic field is reduced, it is possible to perform accurate transfer from the master medium for magnetic transfer to a slave medium for magnetic recording.

Abstract: A method for magnetic recording uses a fixed write current with thermal assistance to record on a patterned perpendicular magnetic recording medium. The patterned medium has magnetic blocks or islands, each of which contains a stack of individual magnetic cells to provide multilevel recording. Each cell in an island is formed of a material or set of materials to provide the cell with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and is a single magnetic domain. Each cell is magnetically decoupled from the other cells in its island by nonmagnetic spacer layers. Thus each cell can have a magnetization (magnetic moment) in one of two directions (into or out of the plane of the layer making up the cell), and this magnetization is independent of the magnetization of the other cells in its island. This permits multiple magnetic levels or states to be recorded in each magnetic island.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium and a magnetic recording medium driving apparatus are disclosed. By providing a plurality of intermediate layers made of a CoCr alloy of which saturation magnetic flux densities are controlled within a predetermined range, the magnetic recording medium, and the magnetic recording medium driving apparatus, realize a high S/Nm and thermal stability.

Abstract: A manufacturing method achieves excellent magnetic recording characteristics by sequentially sputtering a non-magnetic under-layer, a non-magnetic intermediate layer, and a magnetic layer on a non-magnetic substrate in an atmosphere of H2O partial pressure of 2×10−10 Torr or lower. This process allows beneficial deposition of the magnetic layer and reduces raw materials costs. The magnetic layer includes ferromagnetic grains and non-magnetic grain boundaries. The intermediate layer has a hexagonal close-packed crystal structure. The manufacturing method allows manufacture of a high quality magnetic recording medium without a heating step thereby allowing use of lower cost materials, reduces manufacturing time, and increases savings.

Abstract: A thin film alloy material with the design of optic reflection and semi-transmission, which not only can make a single layer film have the effect of reflection and semi-transmission simultaneously, but also can attain the effect that has different reflectivity and half-transmittance by adjusting the ratio of alloy and the thickness of thin film. In a thin film that has relative upper and lower surfaces, there are a first alloy layer and a second alloy layer coated on the upper and lower surface; wherein the first alloy layer is composed of silver and metal X, and the metal X is chosen from one of the following metals: titanium, zirconium, hafnium; the second alloy layer is composed of silver, copper, and metal X, and the metal X is chosen from one of the following metals: titanium, zirconium, hafnium.

Abstract: A structure having pores includes a first layer containing alumina, a second layer that includes at least one of Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Mo, W and Si, and a third layer with electrical conductivity, in this order, wherein the first and second layers have pores.

Abstract: A magnetic recording system is provided having a write head employing a combination of magnetic write field gradient and thermal gradient to write data on a ‘thermal spring’ magnetic recording media. The write head comprises a magnetic element using a write current to induce a magnetic write field at the magnetic media and a thermal element using a very small aperture laser to heat a portion of the media. The thermal spring magnetic media comprises first and second stacks providing two exchange coupled ferromagnetic layers having different Curie temperatures. The first stack has a high magneto-crystalline anisotropy, a relatively low saturation magnetization and a low Curie temperature. The second stack has a relatively low magneto-crystalline anisotropy, a high saturation magnetization and a high Curie temperature.

Abstract: A data distribution system (10) including an information card (12) and a reader (14). The information card (12) includes visible indicia (20) on its front and stripe zones (34) and a ring zone (36) on its back. The zones (34, 36) are suitable for magnetically recording data, and optional data identifiers. The reader (14) may be a linear reader (14a) or a rotary reader (14b), and optionally may act automatically in response to reading a data identifier. If the reader (14) is a rotary reader (14b) the information card (12) may be loaded into a cartridge (16) which is loaded into the rotary reader (14b).

Abstract: A method includes providing a superconducting material having pinning sites that can pin magnetic vortices within the superconducting material. The method also includes pinning one or more magnetic vortices at one or more of the pinning sites. An information storage apparatus includes a superconducting material, doped particles within the superconducting material that can pin dipole magnetic vortices, a magnetic tip that generates pinned magnetic vortices and a magnetic detector that detects pinned magnetic vortices.

Abstract: A method to write information to a designated information storage medium using an allocated data storage device using a specified information recording format, whereby a previously-determined media bit for the designated information storage medium is examined, and a previously-determined device bit for the allocated data storage device is examined, and the write capability of the designated information storage medium using the specified information recording format is determined.

Abstract: A perpendicular magnetic recording medium has a nonmagnetic substrate having concave portions and a soft magnetic layer on the nonmagnetic substrate. The depth of the concave portion and the thickness of the soft magnetic layer are larger than at least the length and the width of the concave portion such that the easy axis of magnetization in the regions of the soft magnetic layer in the concave portions is oriented perpendicular to the soft magnetic layer due to shape magnetic anisotropy. The easy axis of magnetization oriented perpendicular to the soft magnetic layer facilitates signal generation. The recording medium does not use the magnetization of the magnetic recording layer for such signal generation, which can be head positioning signals or other signals, such as copyright data. Instead, it uses the magnetization in the concave regions of the soft magnetic layer for such signal generation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for electron beam processing using an electron beam activated gas to etch or deposit material. The invention is particularly suitable for repairing defects in lithography masks. By using an electron beam in place of an ion beam, the many problems associated with ion beam mask repair, such as staining and riverbedding, are eliminated. Endpoint detection is not critical because the electron beam and gas will not etch the substrate. In one embodiment, xenon difluoride gas is activated by the electron beam to etch a tungsten, tantalum nitride, or molybdenum silicide film on a transmission or reflection mask. To prevent spontaneous etching by the etchant gas in processed sites at which the passivation layer was removed, processed sites can be re-passivated before processing additional sites.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprising: on a non-magnetic substrate, at least a soft magnetic undercoat film comprising a soft magnetic material; an orientation control film for controlling an orientation of a film directly above; a perpendicular magnetic film in which an axis of easy magnetization is oriented mainly perpendicularly with respect to the substrate; and a protection film, wherein the perpendicular magnetic film has a structure in which a large number of magnetic grains are separated by a grain boundary layer, and an average separating distance between the magnetic grains along a straight line which connects centers of gravity of mutually neighboring magnetic grains is 1 nm or greater.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a nonostructure, which enables cylindrical pores arrayed according to any periodic pattern to be easily made on a substrate over a large area at a low cost in a short period of time. The method of manufacturing a structure having such pores includes the steps of preparing a substrate having recesses in its surface, providing a film on the surface of the substrate and anodizing the film.

Abstract: Perpendicular magnetic media are described for use in magnetic recording and data storage. For example, a magnetic medium may include a substrate, an amorphous underlayer formed over the substrate, a seed layer formed over the amorphous underlayer, and a multi-layered magnetic stack formed over the seed layer. In this manner, high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy can be achieved and storage densities can be increased.

Abstract: A magneto-optical recording medium includes a magnetic reproducing layer having an axis of easy magnetization in a direction perpendicular to its layer surface, a magnetic intermediate layer formed on the magnetic reproducing layer and having an axis of easy magnetization in a plane at a room temperature, and a magnetic recording layer formed on the magnetic intermediate layer and having an axis of easy magnetization in a direction perpendicular to its layer surface. The magnetic reproducing layer has a composition of GdxFeCoy where 22 at %≦x≦25 at % and 16 at %≦y≦23 at %.

Abstract: Theres is disclosed a magnetic recording medium which includes a magnetizable layer thereon, wherein said magnetizable layer comprises a plurality of ferri- or ferromagnetic particles each having a largest dimension no greater than 100 nm, and each of which particles represents a separate ferromagnetic domain.

Abstract: A personal computer data storage card includes a substrate layer, a magnetic medium layer, and a protective layer respectively affixed together. The data storage card is typically placed within an adapter and inserted into a personal computer floppy disk drive wherein the adapter includes dimensions compatible with the floppy disk drive to permit the data storage card to rotate about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the data storage card. During rotation of the data storage card within the floppy disk drive, the data storage card traverses floppy disk drive read/write heads for information storage and retrieval. Paper may be utilized as the protective layer of the data storage card and include text or graphics to have the data storage card simultaneously function as both a data storage device and a business card or other advertisement media.