Abstract: The magnetic tape includes a non-magnetic support and a magnetic layer, in which the magnetic layer has a timing-based servo pattern, an edge shape of the timing-based servo pattern, specified by magnetic force microscopy is a shape in which a difference between a value L99.9 of a cumulative distribution function of 99.9% and a value L0.1 of a cumulative distribution function of 0.1% in a position deviation width from an ideal shape of the magnetic tape in a longitudinal direction is 180 nm or less, and a difference between a spacing S0.5 measured, after n-hexane cleaning, on a surface of the magnetic layer under a pressure of 0.5 atm by optical interferometry and a spacing S13.5 measured, after n-hexane cleaning, under a pressure of 13.5 atm is 3.0 nm or less, and S0.5 is 5.0 nm or more.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, there is provided a magnetic disk drive comprising a magnetic disk, a magnetic head configured to read/write data from/to the magnetic disk, a signal processing circuit configured to convert data to be recorded on the magnetic disk into a write signal, and to output the write signal to the magnetic head that generates a recording magnetic field corresponding to the write signal, and a recording control circuit configured to control the signal processing circuit and the magnetic head to record, in a target recording area of the magnetic disk, first data in the target recording area with a recording magnetic field having a first frequency, and to write, second data different from the first data over the first data with a recording magnetic field having a second frequency higher than the first frequency.

Abstract: Systems and methods for servo zone transition optimization are described. In one embodiment, the storage system device includes a disk drive and a controller. In some embodiments, the controller may be configured to assess at least one operation of a read/write head of the disk drive; and format, based at least in part on the assessing of the read/write head, a disk surface of the disk drive with a first servo zone, a second servo zone, and an overlap region extending between a start point of the second servo zone and an end point of the first servo zone. In some cases, the overlap region starts towards a disk inner diameter (ID) and ends towards a disk outer diameter (OD).

Abstract: A storage device includes a disk, a head configured to write data to and read data from the disk, and a controller. The controller is configured to, for each of a plurality of unexecuted commands, carry out a calculation of an amount of time that is required for the head to start accessing the disk to begin execution of the non-executed command upon completion of a currently-executed command, until the earlier of i) a number of unexecuted commands for which the calculation has been carried out reaches a threshold value or ii) the completion of the currently-executed command, select a next command to be executed from one or more unexecuted commands for which the calculation has been carried out, based on the calculated amount of time for each of the one or more unexecuted commands, and execute the selected next command.

Abstract: Computer image clustering systems and methods for conducting effective media searches by grouping multimedia documents tagged by keywords into a hierarchy of images configured to: (1) maintain a first database, (2) maintain an initial occurrence matrix, (3) maintain an occurrence matrix, (4) maintain a media file activation score for each media file in the first database, (5) generate a log version of the occurrence matrix, (6) maintain an inverse media file frequency value for each descriptive term in the first database, (7) generate a descriptive term frequency matrix and generate a list of document vectors in multidimensional space (list), and (8) organize and process each media file in the list into a high activation score category and a low activation score category.

Abstract: An implementation of a system disclosed herein provides a method for managing data streams of sequential nature, wherein the method provides for determining that a sequence of incoming write commands are associated with an LBA range mapped to a source band and writing data of the incoming write commands to physical blocks of a destination band assigned to the LBA range of the source band such that the data of the incoming write commands is written according to a sequential order of data receipt and in a forward write direction to sequentially fill physically-consecutive blocks in the destination band.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method may include obtaining position information of a susceptible zone of a tape. The susceptible zone may be a section of the tape where a stress value of the tape exceeds a threshold. The method may further include storing a block of data to the tape in a first storage zone. The method may further include determining that the first storage zone is positioned within the susceptible zone. The method may further include storing, based at least in part on the determining, a duplicate block of data in a second storage zone.

Abstract: The method, computer program product, and computer system may include a computing device which may generate a list of data to be copied from a plurality of source media to a target medium. The computing device may identify a first type of data in the generated list of data with the first type of data being pre-migrated data. The computing device may reclaim the first type of data from a primary storage tier to the target medium with the target medium being associated with the first drive. The computing device may identify a second type of data in the generated list of data, the second type of data being migrated data, and reclaim the second type of data from at least one secondary source medium to the target medium using the first drive and a second drive. The secondary source medium may be associated with the second drive.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes aspects of pulse-based writing for magnetic storage media. In some aspects, a pulse-based writer of magnetic storage media determines that a string of data bits having a same polarity corresponds to a magnet longer than a threshold associated with a magnetic media writer. The pulse-based writer inserts, into the string of data bits, a transition to a polarity opposite to the same polarity of the string of data bits. The string of data bits including the inserted transition is then transmitted to the magnetic media writer to cause a write head of the writer to pulse while writing the magnet to magnetic storage media. Various aspects may also implement a control signal to mask a transition or control polarity of the magnetic media writer. By so doing, magnets may be written to the magnetic storage media more efficiently or with less distortion to neighboring tracks.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes receiving a number of notifications of one or more activities relevant to a user. Each notification has an associated receipt time and type of notification. The method also includes aggregating one or more of the notifications based on the type of notification; determining a sending time to send the aggregated notifications based at least in part on determining that a pre-determined amount of time that has elapsed from a receipt time of a most recent one of the aggregated notifications; and sending the aggregated notifications to the user based on the sending time.

Abstract: A method includes writing first data to a first track of a magnetic recording medium of a storage device. First parity sectors corresponding to the first data are written. The first parity sectors have a first size. Second parity sectors corresponding to the first data are written. The second parity sectors have a second size. Second data is written to a second track of the magnetic recording medium. The second track is adjacent to the first track. It is determined whether an unrecoverable data error has occurred on the second track. After writing to the second track and determining that no unrecoverable data error has occurred, the first and second parity sectors corresponding to the first data are released.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a data storage system includes a tape drive configured to: write a plurality of files to a first partition of a magnetic recording tape; and write an index to a second partition of the magnetic recording tape, the index including information about locations of data of the plurality of files in the first partition of the magnetic recording tape. In another embodiment, a magnetic recording tape includes: a plurality of files to written to a first partition of the magnetic recording tape using a tape drive; and an index written to a second partition of the magnetic recording tape using the tape drive, the index including information about locations of data of the plurality of files in the first partition of the magnetic recording tape.

Abstract: A system for performing a computation includes a tenant associated processor; a commingling associated processor; an interface; and a processor. The interface is configured to receive an indication of a computation. The processor is configured to determine a set of computational steps for performing the computation; determine a preprocessing subset, wherein the preprocessing subset comprises a subset of the set of computational steps for execution by the tenant associated processor; and determine a main processing subset, wherein the main processing subset comprises the set of computational steps for execution by the commingling associated processor.

Abstract: Methods, devices and systems to make compressed backup copies of in-use compressed database indices are described. In general, an “oldest” time at which index pages in working memory had been updated is identified. Compressed index pages may be directly copied without the need to bring them into working memory or uncompressing them. The identified “oldest” time is then associated with the compressed backup copy. In some embodiments, an entire compressed backup copy may be associated with a single point in time (e.g., the identified “oldest” time). In other embodiments, a compressed backup copy may be associated with multiple points in time (e.g., one time for each portion of the compressed index that is being backed-up). Compressed indices copied in accordance with the invention may be used during restore operations to reconstruct database indices using the identified “oldest” time and database log files.

Abstract: A technique for managing cache in a data storage system is disclosed. Data storage system cache memory is arranged into multiple input/output (IO) cache macroblocks, where a first set of IO cache macroblocks are configured as compressed IO cache macroblocks, each compressed IO cache macroblock storing a plurality of variable sized compressed IO data blocks, and a second set of IO cache macroblocks are configured as non-compressed IO cache macroblocks, each non-compressed IO cache macroblock storing a plurality of fixed sized non-compressed IO data blocks. A write request is receive at the data storage system. If the IO data associated with the write request is determined to be compressible, the IO data is compressed in-line and written to an IO data block in a compressed IO cache macroblock, otherwise non-compressed IO data is written to an IO data block in a non-compressed IO cache macroblock.

Abstract: Operations include storing and/or accessing data in tape volume containers. A system receives a request to access a tape block in a data storage tape. The system maps the requested tape block in the data storage tape to an object in a container. The system then retrieves data from the object in the container. The system generates, from the retrieved data, a data stream in tape archive format. The system transmits the data stream, in tape archive format, in response to the request to access the tape block in the data storage tape.

Abstract: Concurrent standard/high resolution logging of critical performance metrics and functional data for various functional areas including servo system, dataflow, channel, read/write, speed matching, and error recovery is achieved by segregating one or more rows of the tape map array for the purpose of logging only high resolution data. As performance data is logged to the standard resolution tape map by wrap and regional offset down tape, the reserved high resolution row logs data sequentially in the order it was processed on magnetic tape and not by its position on magnetic tape. The high-resolution performance data is concurrently logged with normal-resolution performance data as a supporting view with more detailed tape processing data should the normal-resolution performance data have inconclusive or insufficient content. High-resolution storage is structured for shorter regional logging or per-dataset logging of critical performance metrics and functional data, referred to herein as performance data.

Abstract: A magnetic tape includes: a servo band on which servo patterns are repeatedly formed in a longitudinal direction thereof, each of the servo patterns including a first magnetization region formed to be tilted with respect to a width direction of the servo band by a predetermined angle along the width direction of the servo band, and a second magnetization region not parallel to the first magnetization region along the width direction of the servo band, wherein at least one of the first magnetization region or the second magnetization region is formed by decreasing the number of linear patterns from a predetermined plural number of linear patterns and changing a position of the linear pattern to be removed, in accordance with information that is an embedding target so that the information is embedded.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a combined record player, wherein analog audio players are positioned on a top portion or a side portion of a cabinet, a digital audio player is positioned on a front portion of the cabinet, a first PCB is positioned on a front portion or a bottom portion of the cabinet, a second PCB is positioned on a rear portion of the cabinet, and an analog audio output interface is positioned on a rear surface of the cabinet; the first PCB contains an analog-to-digital signal converter, the second PCB contains a digital-to-analog signal converter, the analog audio players are electrically connected to the analog-to-digital signal converter, the digital audio player is electrically connected to the digital-to-analog signal converter, the analog-to-digital signal converter is electrically connected to the digital-to-analog signal converter, and the digital-to-analog signal converter is electrically connected to the analog audio output interface.

Abstract: Provided is a magnetic tape, in which servo patterns, each including a first magnetization region formed to be tilted with respect to a width direction of a servo band by an angle ? along the width direction of the servo band and a second magnetization region not parallel to the first magnetization region along the width direction of the servo band, are repeatedly formed in a longitudinal direction of the servo band, the magnetic tape is used in a recording and reproducing system which uses a reproducing element for reproducing the servo pattern, a width of which satisfies W1?(1/tan ?)×stripe width T of the servo pattern, and the angle ? is greater than 25° and equal to or smaller than 45°.

Abstract: A system is described allowing a virtual desktop to be booted directly from a desktop image stored in a backup database without requiring content from the desktop image to be copied into the virtual disk of the virtual machine hosting the virtual desktop. The hosting virtual machine contains a synthetic virtual disk acting as a stub disk by redirecting read requests targeted for the synthetic disk from the guest operating system to corresponding locations of the storage where the desktop image is kept.

Abstract: A high performance computing system including processing circuitry and a shared fabric memory is disclosed. The processing circuitry includes processors coupled to local storages. The shared fabric memory includes memory devices and is coupled to the processing circuitry. The shared fabric memory executes a first sweep of a stencil code by sequentially retrieving data stripes. Further, for each retrieved data stripe, a set of values of the retrieved data stripe are updated substantially simultaneously. For each retrieved data stripe, the updated set of values are stored in a free memory gap adjacent to the retrieved data stripe. For each retrieved data stripe, the free memory gap is advanced to an adjacent memory location. A sweep status indicator is incremented from the first sweep to a second sweep.

Abstract: A method, computer program product, and computing system for receiving a first write request on a front-end computing system within a storage system. The first write request concerns writing a first data portion to a storage array within the storage system. A first log entry is generated within a journal file. The first log entry identifies a first differential storage quantity associated with storing the first data portion in the storage array within the storage system.

Abstract: Track-and-hold charge pumps and PLL are provided. A track-and-hold charge pump includes a track-and-hold circuit, a transconductance amplifier, a pulse width modulator (PWM), and a pumping switch coupled to the transconductance amplifier. The track-and-hold circuit samples an input signal according to a reference clock. The transconductance amplifier converts the sampled input signal into a current. The PWM provides a PWM signal according to the reference clock. The pumping switch is controlled by the PWM signal, to provide an output current according to the current.

Abstract: First tracks are read via a first head that is moved via a first actuator over a first, radially-defined, zone of a disk surface. Second tracks are read via a second head that is moved via a second actuator over a second zone of the disk surface that is separate from the first zone. The first and second heads are optimized to read data within first and second skew angle ranges associated with the first and second zones. The first and second skew angle ranges are each less than a total skew angle range of the disk surface.

Abstract: A storage system such as a hard disc drive (HDD), solid-state drive (SSD), hybrid drive (SSHD), storage rack, set of storage racks, JBOD, array of discs, etc. may include a variety of storage media. Failures may be detected in the storage media of the storage system. Such a failure may affect the physical capacity of the storage system. A storage controller of the storage system initiates a media conversion that converts a portion of the storage media from media storing data according to a first recording scheme to a media storing data according to a second recording scheme. The second recording scheme stores data at a higher density compared to the first recording scheme.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a magnetic disk device includes a first controller and a second controller. The first controller includes a first communication circuits and a first buffer and configured to control a first actuator, and the second controller includes a second communication circuit and a second buffer and configured to control a second actuator. The first controller is configured to receive the data from outside by the first buffer and configured to be able to communicate with the second controller through the first and the second communication circuit.

Abstract: A method for managing data bands within an interlaced magnetic recording (IMR) architecture includes transmitting read/write characteristics of a logical block address space, the read/write characteristics including coupling information characterizing a physical arrangement of data blocks associated with different logical zones in the logical block address space, where each of the logical zones spans a continuous range of logical block addresses mapped to a series of data blocks physically interlaced with another series of data blocks corresponding to another one of the logical zones. The method further provides for executing a write command instructing a data write to a target logical zone of the logical zones, the write command being generated based on the transmitted coupling information.

Abstract: Superseding a prior version of a document, to which prior version a retention policy or other requirement has been applied, is disclosed. In some embodiments, an attribute of a retention policy indicates whether a document to which the retention policy has been applied is to be superseded by a subsequently created and/or saved version of the document. In some embodiments, the attribute is set by a logic or process configured to apply the retention policy to the document. If the retention policy indicates that supersede is enabled, in various embodiments when a subsequent version is created and/or saved, the prior version is promoted to the final phase of the retention policy that has been applied to it and automatically “qualified” for disposition as indicated in the final phase of the retention policy, without regard to intervening requirements, processes, phases, approvals, retention, waiting, or other periods, etc.

Abstract: A data storage device is disclosed comprising a first disk surface comprising a plurality of data tracks, and a first head actuated over the first disk surface. First data is written to the first disk surface based on a first format. At least part of the first disk surface is reformatted based on a second format, wherein the second format defines a lower recording density for the first disk surface as compared to a recording density defined by the first format. After reformatting the at least part of the first disk surface, second data is written to the first disk surface based on the second format and the first data is read from the first disk surface based on the first format.

Abstract: A request for changing data of a file system data structure stored on a shingled magnetic recording (SMR) drive is received. The data change is logged in a log entry of a log structure stored in a non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM). The log entry is added as a new entry at an end of the log structure. The log entry is marked within the NVRAM as modified and a predetermined criterion is determined to be satisfied. Responsive to determining that the predetermined criterion is satisfied, the NVRAM is searched for log entries marked as modified. The modified log entries are stored to the SMR drive.

Abstract: A request for changing data of a file system data structure stored on a shingled magnetic recording (SMR) drive is received. The data change is logged in a log entry of a log structure stored in a non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM). The log entry is added as a new entry at an end of the log structure. The log entry is marked within the NVRAM as modified and a predetermined criterion is determined to be satisfied. Responsive to determining that the predetermined criterion is satisfied, the NVRAM is searched for log entries marked as modified. The modified log entries are stored to the SMR drive.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes writing a data set to a sequential access medium. The method also includes reading the data set immediately after being written to the sequential access medium in a read-while-write process to identify one or more faulty encoded data blocks, each of the one or more faulty encoded data blocks including at least one faulty codeword having symbols at least 10 bits in size. Moreover, the method includes rewriting a first of the one or more faulty encoded data blocks within a first encoded data block set to a particular logical track in the rewrite area of the sequential access medium selected from a predetermined subset of logical tracks. The predetermined subset of logical tracks includes D1+D2+1 logical tracks. Only one faulty encoded data block from a particular sub data set is rewritten in a single encoded data block set in the rewrite area.

Abstract: A data storage device is disclosed comprising a head actuated over a disk, wherein the head comprises a spin torque oscillator (STO). A first bias signal is applied to the STO during a first interval preceding a write operation to write data to the disk, wherein the first bias signal causes the STO to protrude toward the disk. After the first interval, a second bias signal is applied to the STO during a second interval spanning at least part of the write operation, wherein an amplitude of the first bias signal is in the range of 1.1 to 1.5 times an amplitude of the second bias signal.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for managing data in a hybrid data storage device. The device has a first non-volatile memory (NVM) of solid state memory cells arranged into a first set of garbage collection units (GCUs), and a second NVM as a rotatable data recording medium arranged into a second set of GCUs each comprising a plurality of shingled magnetic recording tracks. A control circuit combines a first group of logical block units (LBUs) stored in the first set of GCUs with a second group of LBUs stored in the second set of GCUs to form a combined group of LBUs arranged in sequential order by logical address. The control circuit streams the combined group of LBUs to a zone of shingled magnetic recording tracks in a selected one of the second set of GCUs. A combined media translation map identifies physical addresses in both the first and second NVMs.

Abstract: Systems and methods for transforming a logical data object for storage in a storage device operable with at least one storage protocol, creating, reading, writing, optimization and restoring thereof. Transforming the logical data object comprises creating in the storage device a transformed logical data object comprising and one or more allocated storage sections with a predefined size; processing one or more sequentially obtained chunks corresponding to the transforming logical data object, wherein at least one of said processed data chunks comprises transformed data resulting from said processing; sequentially storing the processed data chunks into said storage sections in accordance with an order the chunks received. The method further includes reading a data range from the transformed logical object in response to a read request specifying desired point in time to be read.

Abstract: A surgical cassette/pack usage tracker for tracking a number of uses for a cassette/pack to prohibit uses from exceeding a maximum amount. A usage tracker system engages with or scans a portion of the cassette/pack to determine the number of uses. In illustrative embodiments, an implement interacts with a film in the cassette after each use and determines remaining uses for the cassette/pack. In other embodiments, an implement interacts with a rotatable wheel that rotates with each use, the implement configured to permit the tracker to identify the number uses and determine remaining uses for the cassette/pack. When a maximum usage amount is reached, the tracker system may issue a warning, eject or reject the cassette/pack and/or disable the surgical device from further use.

Abstract: Various embodiments for managing data integrity in a data deduplication system in a computing storage environment, by a processor device, are provided. In one embodiment, a method comprises, in a data deduplication system using a data scrubber process, overwriting a stored data chunk declared as corrupted with an identical fresh data chunk discovered in an incoming data stream.

Abstract: Optimized writing techniques for nonvolatile memory are presented. A microcontroller switches between a first writing mode and a second writing mode to write data to the nonvolatile memory. The switching between the first writing mode and the second writing mode depends on a first accumulated amount of data written to the nonvolatile memory in the first writing mode, or a number of spare blocks of the nonvolatile memory that is evaluated after a garbage collection procedure.

Abstract: Bottom tracks are written to a recording medium using a first setting of a microwave assisted magnetic recording (MAMR) head. Top tracks are interlaced between and partially overlapping the bottom tracks using a second setting of the MAMR head, the second setting resulting in a narrower track width than the first setting.

Abstract: An information processing system that reads a current playback time of content reproduced by an output device; controls a display to display subtitle information corresponding to the content reproduced by the output device; acquires feature information corresponding to an attribute of the content based on the read current playback time of the content; and controls the display to apply a predetermined effect corresponding to the displayed subtitle information based on the acquired feature information.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a decoding device that decodes a multi-dimensional error correction code having two or more component codes includes a storage unit that stores therein the multi-dimensional error correction code, an additional-information storage unit that manages each syndrome of the at least two component codes or a reliability flag indicating whether the syndrome has a value of 0 or other than 0, a decoder that performs a first decoding process in a unit of component code with respect to the multi-dimensional error correction code stored in the storage unit to detect an error vector of each component code, and a detection unit that determines whether detection of the error vector by the decoder is false detection, based on the syndrome or the reliability flag stored in the additional-information storage unit.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein provide an apparatus that is operable with a storage system. The storage system includes a controller operable to assign a pointer to a first track of a magnetic disk when data is written to the first track. The pointer points to the end of the data in the first track. The controller is also operable to detect a successive write to an earlier written portion of the first track, to update a location of the pointer based on the successive write to the earlier written portion of the first track, to increment a write count of the first track based on the successive write to the earlier written portion of the first track, and to rewrite a track adjacent to the first track when the write count breaches a threshold number.

Abstract: A magnetic tape for use in a tape drive includes a plurality of tracks and a plurality of media defect characteristics. The plurality of tracks are laid out along a length of the magnetic tape, each of the plurality of tracks being configured to receive data that is organized into a plurality of fixed-size subdata sets each including a plurality of codeword interleaves. The data is laid out on the plurality of tracks in accordance with a tape layout allocation strategy as determined by a tape layout module. The tape layout module includes a tape layout optimization system that receives information on the plurality of media defect characteristics, the tape layout optimization system determining the tape layout allocation strategy based at least in part on at least one of the plurality of media defect characteristics; and the tape layout optimization system determining the tape layout allocation strategy further based on distance spectra between pairs of the plurality of codeword interleaves.

Abstract: Embodiments of apparatuses and methods for adaptive data compression and associated contextual information are described. In various embodiments, an apparatus may include a context monitoring module to gather contextual information for transmission of data and a policy module to gather user preference on cost associated with transmission of data. The apparatus may further include an analysis module to determine whether to compress data prior to transmission, based at least in part on the contextual information and the user preference. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.

Abstract: A system is provided for measuring and assessing hemodynamics in an anatomical structure of a subject, along with a method for image processing hemodynamics in at least a part of an anatomical structure in video images acquired from a subject. The system and method relates to measuring and assessing hemodynamics in, around and near the surface, in particular the gastrointestinal wall, of the gastrointestinal tract of a subject. A method for image processing hemodynamics in at least a part of an anatomical structure in video images acquired from a subject may performing image analysis of at least one video sequence acquired after a fluorescent contrast agent has been supplied to the subject, calculating intensity values in one or more regions of interest based on the image analysis, and determining the perfusion slope of the flow of the fluorescent contrast agent through at least one of said regions of interest.

Abstract: A non-transitory computer readable storage medium includes a tape having a plurality of partitions configured for storing data, and a plurality of read-only partition identifiers, each read-only partition identifier associated with one of the plurality of partitions and readable by a tape drive having a processor and memory for writing and reading tape data. Each read-only partition identifier selectively designates a corresponding one of the partitions as read-only to prevent data from being written to the designated read-only partition by the tape drive.

Abstract: Magnetic tape media according to one embodiment includes a plurality of servo tracks having physical characteristics of being written by an apparatus that monitors a lateral position of the magnetic tape media passing over a servo writing head during a servo track writing operation and writes servo marks to the magnetic tape media. A timing of the writing of each servo mark is based on the monitored position of the magnetic tape media. Magnetic tape media according to another embodiment include a plurality of servo tracks having a plurality of consecutively-written servo marks, a distance between each consecutively-written servo mark in a tape travel direction varying in direct correlation with a distance of the respective mark, as written, from an edge of the magnetic tape media in a cross-track direction.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method includes: determining a reading performance of a head at a commanded lateral reading location; adjusting a location of the head relative to a medium by moving the head in a first lateral direction to an adjusted lateral reading location; determining a reading performance of the head at the adjusted lateral reading location, and determining whether the reading performance at the adjusted lateral reading location is better than the reading performance at the commanded lateral reading location. In response to determining the reading performance is better at the adjusted reading location, the method includes iteratively repeating the adjustment of the location of the head until the reading performance of the head at a current iteration is worse than the reading performance of the head at an immediately previous iteration. Corresponding systems and computer program products are also disclosed.

Abstract: An optimized operating method for a nonvolatile memory. A microcontroller allocates the nonvolatile memory to store write data requested by a host. According to a first accumulated amount of data written to the nonvolatile memory in a first writing mode and a second accumulated amount of data written to the nonvolatile memory in a second writing mode, the microcontroller allocates the nonvolatile memory to store write data requested by the host in the first writing mode and in the second writing mode alternately. In comparison with the first writing mode, more bits of data are stored in one storage cell in the second writing mode.