Abstract: The present invention relates to fluoroalkyl phosphates, to a process for the preparation, and to their use as conductive salts in batteries, capacitors, supercapacitors and galvanic cells.

Abstract: The invention relates to ionic compositions having a high ionic conductivity comprising a salt with a delocalized anionic charge.

Abstract: A double layer capacitor and a method for producing the same wherein the double layer capacitor comprises a conductive coating based on binders of the melamine resin type such that the conductive coating is present at the interfaces between the current collectors and the electrodes. The double layer capacitor thus produced has good mechanical and chemical integrity and flexibility and is suitable for use in combination with batteries.

Abstract: Driving electrolytes for electrolytic capacitors of the present invention contain boric acid esters and/or their salts of the structural formulae: Rt—[(R1)1—O—B—(OH)—O]k—H;  (1) Rt—[(R1)1—O—B—(OH)—O—(R2)n]k—Rt; and  (2) In the foregoing formulae, Rt represents CH3 or H ; R1, R2 and R3 represent —CH2O, —C2H4O, —C3H6O, or —C4H8O; and K, l, and m indicate arbitrary natural numbers. Other electrolytes of the present invention further include inorganic acids and/or organic acids and have boric acid esters and/or their salts of the foregoing structural formulae dissolved in the solvent thereof. Using the above-mentioned electrolyte, an electrolytic capacitor which has high withstand voltage of not less than 500V even at the temperatures of 125° C. can be obtained.

Abstract: A dual electric layer capacitor containing two electrodes of which one or both are polarizable, liquid electrolyte, and a separator. The degree of filling the pores of the separator and of both elements is between 40& and 90% of a total volume of the pores.

Abstract: The present invention provides a highly reliable aluminum electrolytic capacitor which has no flash point and shows little change or degradation in external appearance and properties. The water content of electrolytic solution of the electrolytic capacitor of this invention is 20-90 wt % and one or more following compounds are included as main electrolytes in the electrolytic solution; ammonium formate, ammonium acetate, ammonium lactate, ammonium glycolate, ammonium oxalate, ammonium succinate, ammonium malonate, ammonium adipate, ammonium benzoate, ammonium glutarate, and ammonium azelate. The electrolytic solution also contains not less than 1 wt % of one or more compounds selected from organic carboxylic acids with a particular structure and ammonium salts of these organic acids. The melting point of the electrolytic solution is −10° C. and below, the chlorine content of a sealing material of the capacitor is not more than 300 ppm to the weight of the sealing material.

Abstract: A paste of organic solvent with dissolved organic salt and active carbon is formed and a uniform film of the paste is applied onto a substrate by casting the paste into a clearance between a knife blade and the substrate. The paste is evaporated to form a paste electrode for an ultracapacitor.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrolytic capacitor having excellent high temperature life characteristics and excellent low temperature properties, an aluminum electrolytic capacitor having excellent high temperature life characteristics and moisture resistance, a low dielectric loss and good low temperature properties, and an electrolyte therefor. A first electrolyte comprises a mixed solvent of sulfolane and at least one selected from 3-methyl sulfolane and 2,4-dimethyl sulfolane, a second electrolyte in which a quaternized imidazolinium salt or a quaternized pyrimidinium salt is dissolved in a mixed solvent containing sulfolane and &ggr;-butyrolactone, and a third electrolyte comprises a mixed solvent containing &ggr;-butyrolactone and at least two selected from sulfolane, 3-methyl sulfolane and 2,4-dimethyl sulfolane and a quaternized imidazolinium salt or a quaternized pyrimidinium.

Abstract: A mixture of long-chain dibasic acids comprising one or more long-chain dibasic acid having an alkyl group at its side chain and one or more long chain dibasic acid having a carbon chain of 8 or more carbon atoms between both its carboxyl groups and having an alkyl group and one or more alkoxycarbonyl group at its side chain is provided. This mixture can be used as the electrolyte of an electrolytic solution for electrolytic capacitors. This electrolytic solution can be produced very simply, hardly raises any precipitation at low temperatures and is tolerant to high voltage.

Abstract: An ion-conductive polymer electrolyte having a high ionic conductivity and a high stability in both of physical and chemical properties is disclosed. It has a polymer containing at least one monomer selected from the group containing of a hydroxyalkyl acrylate, a hydroxyalkyl methacrylate and vinylene carbonate as its polymerizable ingredient, and at least one electrolyte salt. An aluminum electrolytic capacitor and an electric double-layer capacitor configured with the electrolyte are also disclosed.

Abstract: An electric double layer capacitor including an electrode containing carbon material as the main component, as a positive electrode and/or a negative electrode, and an electrolyte capable of forming an electric double layer at the interface with the electrode, wherein the carbon material is characterized in that in its Raman spectrum, the ratio of the peak intensity of G-band of an amorphous carbon component to the peak intensity of G-band of a graphite component is at least 0.7, and the ratio of the peak intensity of D-band of the graphite component to the peak intensity of G-band of the graphite component is at least 1.0.

Abstract: A chip type aluminum electrolytic capacitor (1) has a capacitor element (2) impregnated with an electrolytic solution, a cylindrical case (3) for containing the capacitor element (2), a sealing member (4) for sealing the cylindrical case (3), and an insulating board (5) having a mounting surface (5c) to be fixed to an electronic circuit board; and vapor pressure of the electrolytic solution is regulated to a predetermined value to prevent deformations of the cylindrical case (3) and the sealing member (4).

Abstract: An electric double layer capacitor including electrodes made of carbon material as the main component, and an electrolyte capable of forming an electric double layer at the interface with the electrodes, wherein the electrolyte includes an organic type mixed solvent containing propylene carbonate and an asymmetrical chain carbonic acid ester represented by the general formula R.sup.1 OC(.dbd.O)OR.sup.2, wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are mutually different monovalent organic groups, and a solute comprising a quaternary onium salt.

Abstract: An electric double layer capacitor is provided that includes a positive electrode having a currect collector combined with a polarizable electrode material composed mainly of activated carbon, a negative electrode having a current collector of porous metal incapable of forming an alloy with lithium, combined with a carbonaceous material having lithium ions occluded by a chemical method or an electrochemical method to a carbon material capable of occluding and releasing a lithium ions, and a nonaqueous electrolyte containing a lithium salt. The negative electrode is supported on a current collector of porous metal having a thickness of 0.1 to 1 mm and a porosity of 5 to 80%.

Abstract: The subject invention discloses a novel electrolyte for a solid battery system. Specifically, an electrolyte solvent of chlorinated diethyl carbonates demonstrate good electrochemical stability in conjunction with specific anode and cathode materials. When used with a propylene carbonate co-solvent, it reduces or eliminates the decomposition of propylene carbonate during the first cycle. It is appropriate with a variety of electrolyte salts, and especially with LiBF.sub.4. Chloro-substituted diethyl carbonates also show good high and low temperature performance in electrochemical cells.

Abstract: An electrolytic capacitor of the present invention is so constituted that a capacitor element steeped with an electrolytic solution containing quaternary ammonia salts is accommodated in an armor case of which aperture is sealed with a sealing body. To achieve the above object, an external terminal of the electrolytic capacitor has a contact surface contacting with the sealing body and being coated by a ceramic coating layer.

Abstract: A chip type aluminum electrolytic capacitor (1) has a capacitor element (2) impregnated with an electrolytic solution, a cylindrical case (3) for containing the capacitor element (2), a sealing member (4) for sealing the cylindrical case (3), and an insulating board (5) having a mounting surface (5c) to be fixed to an electronic circuit board; and vapor pressure of the electrolytic solution is regulated to a predetermined value to prevent deformations of the cylindrical case (3) and the sealing member (4).

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrolyte for driving electrolytic capacitor and an electrolytic capacitor using the same, and by preparing by using a solvent mainly composed of organic compound, and dissolving one or more solutes selected from the group consisting of inorganic acids and organic acids, more specifically adding and dissolving at least one of copolymers of polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol shown in formulas (1) and (2), or both of the copolymers of polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol shown in formulas (1) and (2) simultaneously, the spark generation voltage and chemical conversion factor of formed oxidation film are enhanced, thereby improving the reliability of the electrolytic capacitor.HO--(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.n --(C.sub.3 H.sub.6 O).sub.m--(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.n --H (1)(n and m are arbitrary natural numbers.)HO--?(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.n --(C.sub.3 H.sub.6 O).sub.m !.sub.i --H(2)(n, m, and 1 are arbitrary natural numbers.

Abstract: An electric double layer capacitor which includes a polarization electrode and an electrolyte capable of forming an electric double layer on the surface of the polarization electrode, wherein the solvent in the electrolyte is an organic type mixed solvent containing sulfolane or a sulfolane derivative, and a chain carbonic acid ester represented by the general formula R.sup.1 O(CO)OR.sup.2 (wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, which may be the same or different, are monovalent organic groups).

Abstract: Ultracapacitors including at least one cell with two solid, non-porous current collectors, two porous electrodes, preferably of carbon, and a porous separator between the electrodes, employ as electrolytes materials comprising at least one hexasubstituted guanidinium salt. Such salts may be employed in solution in a stable organic liquid such as propylene carbonate, or neat in liquid form. They may be prepared by first preparing a hexasubstituted guanidinium halide and then performing an anion exchange reaction, either with a salt which forms an insoluble halide such as a silver salt or by a liquid--liquid extraction method.

Abstract: A cell tester device for use on an electrochemical cell which comprises an electrolyte containing a cathodically reducible metal ion that changes its visible appearance when it is reduced upon application of a power source.

Abstract: Elastomeric polymer electrolytes are provided for use in electrical energy storage devices such as aluminum electrolytic capacitors and batteries. The electrolytes contain two or more salts of approximately equal concentration, such that the salt mixture has a much higher combined solubility than any single salt in the mixture, resulting in electrolytes that provide higher conductivity and resulting in storage devices with improved ESR. Methods of making such electrolytes and storage devices are also disclosed.

Abstract: An electrode material for an electrochemical capacitor and electrochemical capacitors utilizing the electrode material. The electrode material comprises electrically conductive carbon, a soluble salt, a non-aqueous liquid solvent, and a gel-former. Such a solid electrode material is especially well adapted for use in multi-layer capacitors in which such components can be made very thin, thereby providing a very low resistance for the device and permitting rapid discharge of the capacitor.

Abstract: There is proposed an electrolytic solution having a low specific resistance, a high sparking voltage and a stable sparking property. This electrolytic solution contains a quaternary ammonium salt of cyanic acid, at least one phosphorus compound selected from an organic phosphorus acid compound, phosphoric acid and salts thereof, water and an organic solvent.

Abstract: A stable ion-conductive polymer electrolyte for an electrolytic capacitor comprises: a polymer made up of a prepolymer which has a polyol skeletal structure including polyalkylene oxide units, at least one ammonium salt, and at least one organic solvent. The skeletal structure is exemplified as trimethylol propane, trimethylolol ethane or tetramethylol methane.

Abstract: The present invention provides a thin-film palladium electrode as a reversible redox-active positive electrode in a supercapacitor configuration. A room-temperature chloroaluminate molten salt composed of an organic chloride, mixed with a molar excess of aluminum chloride, is used as the supercapacitor electrolyte. In this electrolyte, the palladium surface can be reversibly oxidized to an insoluble thin-film of palladium chloride. Reduction of this palladium chloride thin film back to palladium metal, generates a high current density. The capacitance of this supercapacitor electrode is 150-550 times that of a double-layer capacitor electrode. By combining the thin-film palladium supercapacitor positive electrode (cathode) with a suitable negative electrode (anode), e.g. a metallic aluminum anode, a high power supercapacitor cell, capable of delivering a charge at high current density, at near constant voltage of ca.1 V, is provided per the present invention.

Abstract: An electrolyte system for use in an electrochemical cell such as a battery or capacitor, and which includes an aqueous electrolyte and a modifier species. The modifier should be adapted to act as a surfactant, as well as reduce oxidation of the electrode materials in the electrochemical cell. The aqueous electrolyte may be, for example, KOH, and the modifier species may be a porphine or porphine derivatives.

Abstract: Ultracapacitor and supercapacitor designs wherein two discrete metal film current collectors of the prior art, one for each of the cathode and anode, are replaced by a single thin polymer film. The polymer film is typically several microns thick and metallized on both sides. The thickness of the metallization is varied from several hundred to several thousand .ANG.ngstroms depending upon the particular application. This metallization serves as the positive and negative electrodes (current collectors) which are spatially separated by the polymer dielectric film. The resulting reduction of volume increases the volumetric energy density and the reduction of mass increases the gravimetric energy density. The electrolyte solvent/salt system can be selected to provide useful individual cell voltages as high as 5 volts. The voltage is limited only by the electrolytic stability of the solvent and salt.

Abstract: An electrical capacitor includes an organic electrolyte to provide high power, high energy density, and broad operating temperature range. The capacitor includes electrodes and an electrolyte system comprising a salt combined with a solvent containing a nitrile. The electrolyte system is selected to be relatively nonreactive and difficult to oxidize or reduce so as to produce a high electric potential range. As examples, the electrolyte may include a solvent selected from the group consisting of acetonitrile, succinonitrile, glutaronitrile, propylene carbonate, and ethylene carbonate; a salt cation selected from the group consisting of tetraalkylamonium (R.sub.4 N.sup.+) and alkali metals; and an anion selected from the group consisting of trifluoromethylsulfonate (CF.sub.3 SO.sub.3.sup.-), bistrifluoromethylsulfurylimide (N(CF.sub.3 SO.sub.2).sub.2.sup.-), tristrifluoromethylsulfurylcarbanion (C(CF.sub.3 SO.sub.2).sub.3.sup.-), tetrafluoroborate (BF.sub.4.sup.-), hexafluorophosphate (PF.sub.6.sup.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrolyte for an electrolytic capacitor which comprises a salt of a tertiary dicarboxylic acid represented by the following formula (I) or (II): ##STR1## wherein n represents an integer of 1 to 5, and R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 each represents an alkyl group having 4 or less carbon atoms, ##STR2## wherein n has the same meaning as defined above, l and m each represents an integer of 4 or 5, and R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 each represents hydrogen atom, methyl group or ethyl group,and an electrolytic capacitor using the same.

Abstract: An electrolyte for an electrolytic capacitor is disclosed, containing a carboxylic acid salt of a cationic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound as solute within an aprotic solvent or a mixed solvent comprising major aprotic solvent and minor polyol solvent.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a liquid electrolyte for an electrolytic capacitor, as well as an electrolytic capacitor made therewith. The electrolyte includes a liquid solvent portion comprising one or more N-substituted pyrrolidones in the amount of at least 40% and water in the range of about 0.2 to about 8%. The electrolyte includes a solute portion comprising an amine salt and boric acid. The amine salt consists of a dicarboxylic acid and an amine. The dicarboxylic acid has 3 to 40 carbons and is present at a level of 0.1 to 4 moles per kilogram of solvent. The amine part is either a tertiary or secondary amine and is present at a level of about 0.2 to 4 moles of active amine nitrogen per mole of dicarboxylic acid. In addition to the above-described electrolyte, the electrolytic capacitor includes a pair of electrodes, at least one of which is composed of a film-forming metal.

Abstract: An electrolyte for electrolytic capacitors containing within an aprotic solvent a hexafluorophosphate of an organic amine compound as solute; wherein said organic amine compound is a compound containing one or two pyridine rings; or a primary, secondary or tertiary amine.

Abstract: Briefly stated, the present invention is directed to a liquid electrolyte for an electrolytic capacitor, as well as an electrolytic capacitor made therewith. The electrolyte includes a liquid portion comprising an aprotic solvent at a level of at least about 90 percent by weight of the liquid portion. The electrolyte also includes ammonium borodisalicylate at a level of at least about 2 percent by weight of the total electrolyte. In addition to the above-described electrolyte, the electrolytic capacitor includes a pair of electrodes, at least one of which is composed of a film-forming metal.

Abstract: A liquid electrolyte is disclosed, which contains as an electrolyte a dicarboxylic acid salt of tetramethylammonium in an aprotic polar solvent, with the molar ratio of cations to anions in the electrolyte being adjusted to be within the range of from 1:1.05 to 1:1.75.

Abstract: A liquid electrolyte for use in an electrolytic capacitor is disclosed, wherein a mixture of .gamma.-butyrolactone and acetonitrile is used as a solvent system, said mixed solvent containing as a solute at least one member selected from among monocarboxylic and dicarboxylic acid salts of tetraalkylammonium.

Abstract: An electrolyte for an electrolytic capacitor is disclosed containing an alkyl quarternary ammonium salt of phenol or nitrophenols as solute within an aprotic solvent. The electrolyte exhibits high conductivity while eliminating the drawbacks associated with the presence of water.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electrolyte for use in electrolytic capacitors and also to an electrolytic capacitor using the electrolyte. The solute for the electrolyte is a quaternary ammonium salt of either a carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of phthalic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, hexahydrophthalic acid and maleic acid, or an alkyl or nitro-substituted compound of the acid. The electrolytic capacitor has improved low temperature characteristics and an improved variation in characteristics at high temperatures in relation to time with a prolonged life.

Abstract: An electrolyte for electrolytic capacitor containing within an aprotic solvent a fluorocomplex acid salt of aniline or aniline derivative as solute.An electrolyte for electrolytic capacitor according to the invention may conveniently be prepared by adding one equivalent amount of aniline or aniline derivative to an aqueous solution of fluorocomplex acid for reaction with subsequent vacuum drying to obtain an anhydrous salt and then dissolving said anhydrous salt to an aprotic solvent until a desired conductivity is obtained, for example, as an approximately 10% by weight solution.