Abstract: The present invention relates to lignocellulosic-based carbon-containing double layer energy storage devices having improved electrical power densities. In particular, the invention provides a double layer energy storage cell comprising a pair of electrodes, at least one of which is a carbon paste electrode, a porous ionically conductive separator, and an ion insulating connector, the improvement wherein said carbon paste electrode includes an activated linocellulosic-based carbon having a pore volume of greater than about 0.45 cc/g, a median pore width of 2.0 to 50.0 nm, a specific surface area of greater than about 500 m.sup.2 /g, and a mesopore content, based on the total particle volume of the activated carbon, of greater than about 75%.

Abstract: The invention is essentially a capacitor with a double electrical layer and including a housing, collecting metal plates secured under pressure within said housing, polarizable carbon electrodes, and separators permeated by an aqueous electrolyte. The collecting plates are of metal with a surface microhardness lower than the hardness of the material of the polarizable electrodes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to lignocellulosic-based carbon-containing double layer energy storage devices having improved electrical energy densities. In particular, the invention provides a double layer energy storage cell comprising a pair of electrodes, at least one of which is a carbon paste electrode, a porous ionically conductive separator, and an ion insulating collector, the improvement wherein said carbon paste electrode includes an activated lignocellulosic-based carbon having a pore volume of greater than about 0.45 cc/g, a median pore width of less than 2.0 nm, a specific surface area of greater than about 500 m.sup.2 /g, and a micropore content, based on the total particle volume of the activated carbon, of greater than about 75%.

Abstract: An electric double-layer capacitor is provided, which decreases the number of necessary components to improve the productivity of the capacitor. The capacitor includes at least one basic cell. Each of the at least one basic cell has (a) an insulative, tubular gasket having a tubular inner space and opening ends, (b) a pair of polarizable electrodes made of a solid activated-carbon, (c) a sheet-like, porous, non electron-conductive separator sandwiched between the pair of electrodes; and (d) a pair of conductive, sheet-like collectors placed to close the opening ends of the gasket. The pair of collectors are electrically connected to a pair of external terminals. The pair of electrodes and the separator are placed in the inner space of the gasket. The gasket is made of a thermoplastic resin and is formed by injection molding. The separator and the pair of electrodes are unified with the gasket.

Abstract: An electric double-layer capacitor has an elongate separator impregnated with an electrolytic solution and folded alternately in different directions into folded layers of a predetermined length, and a plurality of stacked electrode plates each disposed between adjacent two of the folded layers of the separator. The electrode plates have opposite polarities confronting each other through the folded layers of the separator. A plurality of flexible collectors are connected to respective ends of the electrode plates and extend from between the folded layers of the separator. The flexible collectors of each of the polarities are bundled in a direction parallel to the electrode plates on one side of the electrode plates and disposed at an outermost layer of the electrode plates with respect to a direction in which the electrode plates are stacked.

Abstract: A cylindrical cell is fabricated with a cathode, an anode, a separated placed between the cathode and anode, and a separator fragment extending from a winding axis to the initial part of a cathode.

Abstract: The present invention provides; (1) a polarizable electrode for an electric double-layer capacitor, which includes a solid activated carbon obtained by pyrolyzing a mixture mainly containing an activated carbon and a thermosetting resin and which has, on the surface and/or inside, holes free from the solid activated carbon, and holes having a diameter of 5 .mu.m-70 .mu.m possessing a capacity of 0.01 cc/g-1.0 cc/g; (2) a process for producing the above polarizable electrode for an electric double-layer capacitor, which includes heat-treating, as necessary, a mixture mainly containing an activated carbon, a thermosetting resin and a fiber capable of vaporizing upon heating and then pyrolyzing the resulting materiall and (3) an electric double-layer capacitor including at least a pair of the above polarizable electrodes for an electric double-layer capacitor and an electroyte impregnated between the polarizable electrodes.

Abstract: An improved electrolytic capacitor is provided by producing an anode foil which has areas which are not subject to stress during manufacturing being highly etched and those areas which are subject to stress during manufacturing being lightly etched or not etched at all. The process of the invention provides an etch mask to cover during the etch process those portions of the anode foil which will be subjected to stress during construction of the capacitor. The highly etched areas, which are very brittle, provide increased capacitance and thus improved energy density. For layered or stacked capacitors, a weld tab is covered with the etch mask to allow connection of the anode layers. Additionally, strong edges may be maintained thereby reducing the possibility of cracking that would normally occur during the stamping and assembly operations.

Abstract: A capacitor and a method for making the capacitor using ultrasonic welding to join the cathode layers together are provided. The capacitor includes a housing defining a chamber with a step provided at an inner portion of the housing. A plurality of capacitor layers each including a cathode foil, a separator and an anode foil, each having alignment holes therein to precisely fit with alignment elements housing, is positioned within the chamber, with the alignment holes mating with the alignment elements. The housing is electrically conductive for connection to the cathode foils. Each cathode foil includes a cathode tab which extends away from the foil. The cathode tabs are pressed together and ultrasonically welded to the housing step abutting the periphery of the interior of the housing.

Abstract: A capacitor assembled in the form of a lightweight structural panel and including isolated capacitor cells. Each of the cells includes a honeycomb structure wherein each film-like layer in the honeycomb structure is an electrode stack. Each of the electrode stacks includes an elongated cathode, an elongated separator, and an elongated anode. The separator is wetted with an electrolyte solution to enhance the dielectric properties of the separator. Alternatively, the capacitor cell could be composed of a foam-like cathode, foam-like separator, and a foam-like anode. With either embodiment, the invention achieves the storage of electrostatic energy in a structure with a multitude of voids defined therein so that the structure is relatively stiff, yet light weight.

Abstract: A basic cell for an electric double layer capacitor has a pair of polarizing electrodes each including a plurality of chip electrodes arranged in matrix or honeycomb pattern. The plurality of chip electrodes are electrically connected by direct contact between each adjacent two chip electrodes for increasing the capacitance and decreasing the internal resistance. Excellent charging or discharging characteristic can be obtained even if the sheet collectors for providing charging or discharging current for the chip electrodes have different specific resistivities along the surface of the sheet collectors. The chip electrodes may be of a truncated pyramid shape for improving resistance against distorting or bending stress applied to the basic cell.

Abstract: An electric double layer capacitor including a pair of activated charcoal electrodes facing each other with the intermediary of a porous separator, and current collecting members each being positioned on a surface of the respective electrode opposite to a surface contacting the separator is disclosed. Hydrophobic powdery activated charcoal is provided around the electrodes for adsorbing gases. With this arrangement, it is possible to prevent pressure inside the capacitor from being elevated by gases produced in the capacitor, thereby enhancing the reliability of the capacitor.

Abstract: Crosslinked elastomeric electrolytes and compatible separator materials are provided for use in electrical energy storage devices such as aluminum electrolytic capacitors and batteries. The separator material is impregnated with the electrolyte, and as a result, the electrolyte acts to strengthen the separator material, allowing a storage device to be constructed with separator materials of reduced thickness and thereby achieving an improvement in the energy density of the storage device. Methods of making such electrolytes and storage devices are also disclosed.

Abstract: An electric double layer capacitor which is usable at a high voltage without causing an irreversible current. Both a polarized positive electrode 14 and a polarized negative electrode 16 are made of the same constituents. However, a ratio of an amount of constituents of the polarized positive electrode 14 differs from that of the polarized negative electrode 16. A ratio of a capacitance of the polarized positive electrode to a capacitance of the polarized negative electrode is controlled such that the polarized positive electrode and the polarized negative electrode simultaneously reach respective potentials where the irreversible current is caused. According to this invention there is an advantage that it is possible to increase a voltage applied to the electric double layer capacitor.

Abstract: Elastomeric polymer electrolytes are provided for use in electrical energy storage devices such as aluminum electrolytic capacitors and batteries. The electrolytes contain two or more salts of approximately equal concentration, such that the salt mixture has a much higher combined solubility than any single salt in the mixture, resulting in electrolytes that provide higher conductivity and resulting in storage devices with improved ESR. Methods of making such electrolytes and storage devices are also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composite electrode material for use in high rgy and high power density electrochemical capacitors, and to the electrochemical capacitor containing the electrodes. The electrodes are comprised of materials with high specific capacitance and electronic conductivity/high porosity. Specifically, the electrode is comprised of RuO.sub.2.xH.sub.2 O powder and carbon black or carbon fiber.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell is fabricated by providing two symmetric electrodes and a solid polymer electrolyte disposed therebetween. The symmetric electrodes, anode and cathode, are made from materials such as ruthenium, iridium, cobalt, zinc, bismuth, cadmium, silver, and oxides thereof. The solid polymer electrolyte is in intimate contact with both the anode and cathode, and is made from a polymeric support structure such as polyvinylalcohol, having dispersed therein a proton conducting electrolyte active species.

Abstract: A film capacitor element produced from a metallized polyester film is described. In the metallized polyester film, the adhesion between a vapor-deposited metal layer and a polyester substrate is improved by providing a coating layer comprising a specific water soluble or water dispersible resin. The film capacitor produced by the use of the metallized polyester film has good moist heat resistance and long term stability in performance.

Abstract: An electrolytic capacitor comprising a pair of electrode foils, an oxide layer provided on the surface of at least one of said electrode foils, an ion permeable capacitor paper interposed between said pair of electrode foils, an electrolyte being impregnated into the capacitor paper. The capacitor paper contains hydrogen reducing fine particles consisting of palladium, platinum or an alloy of both. The hydrogen reducing fine particles are distributed in the capacitor paper in an amount between 0.1 and 1% by weight based on the weight of said capacitor paper.

Abstract: The present invention is an electrolytic capacitor comprising a titanium-deposited aluminum foil used as the cathode. An aluminum foil is subjected to vacuum deposition of titanium with a deposition angle, thereby obtaining an electrolytic capacitor having a larger electrostatic capacitance than the conventional.

Abstract: Disclosed is a solid electrolytic capacitor having a roll-form capacitor element. The capacitor element has a coated structure comprising a valve metal positive electrode substrate having a dielectric oxide layer on the surface thereof, a semiconductor layer formed on the dielectric oxide layer and an electroconductive layer formed on the semiconductor layer.