Abstract: A memory module that is couplable to a memory controller hub (MCH) of a host system includes a non-volatile memory subsystem, a data manager coupled to the non-volatile memory subsystem, a volatile memory subsystem coupled to the data manager and operable to exchange data with the non-volatile memory subsystem by way of the data manager, and a controller operable to receive read/write commands from the MCH and to direct transfer of data between any two or more of the MCH, the volatile memory subsystem, and the non-volatile memory subsystem based on the commands.

Abstract: A method for automatic protection coordination in a power system network comprises identifying radial source-to-load paths and fault protection devices in the source-to-load paths, for a portion of the power system network to be coordinated. Device settings data for fault protection devices are retrieved, including multiple preconfigured settings for some devices. Fault currents for each of multiple possible electrical faults in said portion of the power system network are predicted, and a selectivity check for each pair of fault protection devices that are adjacent to one another in an identified radial source-to-load path is performed, for each of one or more of the predicted fault currents, taking into account multiple preconfigured settings for remotely controllable fault protection devices.

Abstract: The invention relates to a safety device for a high-voltage system, having a coupling device which switchably couples high-voltage components of the high-voltage system to external components, and which is designed to electrically separate the high-voltage components from the external components depending on actuation of a safety switch, having a discharge circuit which is designed to electrically discharge the high-voltage components depending on actuation of the safety switch, and having a monitoring device which is designed to monitor electric parameters of the discharge circuit or of the high-voltage components, and to release the lock of a housing for the high-voltage components if at least one of the electric parameters of the discharge circuit or of the high-voltage components falls below a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices relating to fault detection and short circuit current management support in power transmission and distribution networks using multiple inverter based power generation facilities. A fault detection process uses the waveshape (or the rate of change of the current) of the distributed generator output short circuit current to determine if a trip signal is required to disconnect the inverter based power generation facility from the transmission and distribution network. The process operates on DGs such as photovoltaic (PV) based solar farm. The present invention applies to the entire 24-hour period operation of inverter based DGs (e.g., solar farms, wind farms, fuel cell based DGs, etc.).

Abstract: A method for monitoring a bus bar with regard to short circuits that may occur. The bus bar has a feeder and at least two outgoers. A outgoer safety device is provided at each outgoer and a feeder safety device is provided at the feeder. In the case of a short circuit in one of the outgoers, the outgoer safety device associated with the outgoer outputs a blocking signal to the feeder safety device, delaying or preventing actuation of a power switch disposed at the feeder. In order to provide a method wherein comparably little installation effort is required, the outgoer safety devices send repeating communication telegrams to the feeder safety device by way of a data transfer bus, and the feeder safety device checks the receipt of the communication telegrams by way of a checking logic, and optionally prevents the execution of a blocking signal. A feeder safety device is correspondingly configured.

Abstract: An improved method of fault detection in a high-voltage direct current (HVDC) power transmission line is provided. The fault detection is based on fault-induced travelling waves. The method comprises estimating an amplitude of fault-induced travelling waves at the fault location, and calculating a fault resistance (Rf) based on the estimated amplitude, an estimated pre-fault voltage at the fault location, and a surge impedance of the transmission line. The estimated fault amplitude and the estimated pre-fault voltage are calculated from voltage measurements performed at both ends of the transmission line. Further, a fault detection device is provided.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for leveraging the inherent redundancy of electrical measurement inputs available to microprocessor-based intelligent electronic devices (IEDs). Specifically, an IED may receive a plurality of electrical measurements associated with an electric power delivery system, such as measurements associated with a generator. A first protection module may be configured to detect a first type of electrical disturbance using a first subset of the plurality of electrical measurements. A second protection module may be configured to detect a second type of electrical disturbance using a second subset of the plurality of electrical measurements. A first redundant protection module may be configured to verify the detection of the first type of electrical disturbance using at least a portion of the second subset of the plurality of electrical measurements.

Abstract: A current differential relay comprises: an interface section; a quantization section; a communication section; and a difference calculation section. The quantization section quantizes current received by the interface section and converts it to first current data. The communication section, in the case where this relay is a representative current differential relay of a first group, transmits second current data from another current differential relay belonging to the first group and the first current data jointly to a representative current differential relay belonging to the second group, receives third current data from the representative current differential relay, and transmits the third current data to the other current differential relays. A difference calculation section executes a current difference calculation based on the first to third current data.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems for activation of a protection system and dynamic labeling are described. An example system for use with a plurality of circuit protection devices coupled to a switchgear unit includes a first sensor for detecting a body located within a first zone associated with a threshold distance from the switchgear unit, and a controller coupled to the first sensor. The controller is configured to selectively enable the plurality of circuit protection devices. The controller is configured to enable a first circuit protection device of the plurality of circuit protection devices in response to detecting, via the first sensor, a body within the first zone.

Abstract: In an electrical distribution system an arc management system has a transducer mounted in proximity to the circuit breaker for detecting and signaling a secondary effect of an overcurrent event within the case of the circuit breaker. The transducer provides an additional input to an arc fault detection system using other detectors and thus helps to control nuisance activations of the arc extinguishing mechanism. The system is particularly suited for circuit breakers without electronics, or the like, allowing for retrofit of existing systems. The system may monitor and act upon the excessive duration of the secondary effects.

Abstract: There is provided an electricity storage system which comprises an electricity storage device, a charge and discharge switch device which is placed connected to the electricity storage device, a control block which is a charge and discharge control device which controls charging from a power supply and discharging from the electricity storage device to an external load, and an electricity storage device breaker with transmission and reception functions which is provided between the electricity storage device and the charge and discharge switch device, disconnects connection with the electricity storage device according to detection of abnormality of the electricity storage device or according to an instruction of the control block, and notifies the execution of the disconnection to the control block. The control block comprises a hardware disconnection instruction unit in addition to a software disconnection instruction unit.

Abstract: A power and control unit for low and medium voltage applications, operatively couplable to one or more circuit elements of a low or medium voltage apparatus, is provided. The unit includes an internal self-diagnostic circuit element operatively coupled to a signal-generating circuit element, a binary input operatively coupled to the internal self-diagnostic circuit element, and a low-impedance variable load connectable in parallel to the binary input. The binary input includes a control circuit element operatively connected to the low-impedance variable load and also operatively connected, through a signal-detecting circuit element, to the internal self-diagnostic circuit element and to the one or more circuit elements of the low or medium voltage apparatus.

Abstract: A method of controlling power to a plurality of devices on an energy network, wherein each device has an identifier which uniquely identifies the device on the network, the method comprising: forming a group of devices from said plurality of devices; and controlling the power of other devices in said group in accordance with the state of the power supplied to a first device in said group.

Abstract: A power distribution feeder system includes a plurality of power sources, a plurality of switching components coupled to the power sources by a plurality of line sections, and an IED coupled to each switching component and configured to monitor any line section coupled to the switching component, each IED containing protection logic configured to detect a jump in current on a faulted line section, communicate the jump in current to other IEDs coupled to the faulted line section, receive information from the other IEDs coupled to the faulted line section regarding any jump in current detected by the other IEDs, employ the received information from the other IEDs to confirm a fault in the faulted line section, and issue a trip command to isolate the faulted line section based on the current jump detected by the IED and current jump information received from other IEDs coupled to the line section.

Abstract: A welding system component includes a circuit board for the welding system component. An interface has a main riser portion with a fastener passageway formed therethrough. The interface has an extension portion with a terminal passageway formed therethrough. The extension portion is electrically connected to the circuit board with a terminal disposed in the terminal passageway. The extension portion is spaced away from a surface of the circuit board. A capacitor is electrically connected to the main riser portion with a fastener disposed in the fastener passageway.

Abstract: A modular pegboard electrical board comprising an expandable grid of electrical leads to allow connection of various electronic implements, including light fixtures, fluorescent lamp ballasts and heating lamps. A rectangular pegboard having internal circuitry provides columns of electrical leads, whereby every four consecutive columns form a hot-ground-neutral-ground combination of vertical leads in parallel. The combination allows for connection of a two or three-wire interface to attach anywhere on the board surface, including electrical socket adapters and specific light fixture wiring. The pegboard-style board allows a latch mechanism from a light fixture or electrical device to affect an electrical connection at a specific lead.

Abstract: A protection system is provided for an electrical power network. The system has one or more circuit breaker arrangements which on activation isolate electrical faults within the network, and one or more fault detectors. The or each fault detector measures an inductance of a respective section of the network. The system is configured to activate one or more of the circuit breaker arrangements in response to measured inductances which are indicative of a fault.

Abstract: An improved method of fault detection in a high-voltage direct current (HVDC) power transmission line is provided. The fault detection is based on fault-induced travelling waves. The method comprises estimating an amplitude of fault-induced travelling waves at the fault location, and calculating a fault resistance (Rf) based on the estimated amplitude, an estimated pre-fault voltage at the fault location, and a surge impedance of the transmission line. The estimated fault amplitude and the estimated pre-fault voltage are calculated from voltage measurements performed at both ends of the transmission line. Further, a fault detection device is provided.

Abstract: A display unit is configured for use with a circuit interrupter which outputs a trip notification, trip information, and direct current power to the display unit The display unit comprises: a processor having a routine; a secondary power source configured to output secondary power; a memory display configured to receive the direct current power or the secondary power; and a power source selection circuit configured to switch the memory display from the direct current power to the secondary power in response to the display unit receiving the trip notification, wherein the routine of said processor is structured to control the memory display to display the trip information in response to the display unit receiving the trip notification.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for protecting a power grid against electric faults. A first circuit breaker is associated with a first electronic unit and positioned at a first hierarchy level. One or more additional circuit breakers, each including a corresponding second electronic unit, are positioned at one or more additional levels hierarchically lower than the first level and cascaded to each other. The first circuit breaker includes at least one semiconductor electronic breaking device. The first electronic unit is configured to, upon the appearance of an electric fault in a grid area, drive the breaking device to limit the current flowing through it for a predetermined period of time, and send to the circuit breakers on lower hierarchy levels an intervention command to allow intervention, among the circuit breakers that detected the fault, of the closest circuit breaker positioned immediately upstream from the area where the fault occurred.

Abstract: A high voltage DC switchyard comprises at least one busbar, at lest two DC lines connected to said at least one busbar through DC breakers comprising a section of at least one semiconductor device of turn-off type and rectifying member in anti-parallel therewith. At least one said DC line is connected to at least one said busbar through a unidirectional said DC breaker, i.e. a DC breaker that may only block current therethrough in one direction.

Abstract: The system provides for controlling the connection of electrical power sources to electrical loads installed on a motor vehicle and limiting exposure of personnel to relatively high electrical voltages from the electrical power sources. The system includes a serial communication bus and power cables routed through the motor vehicle. At least a first connector is provided through which the serial communication bus and a power cable are routed allowing temporary severing of the serial communication bus and the power cable. The power cable includes a circuit interrupter which isolates the connector from the electrical power source in response to certain conditions on the serial communication bus, including, but not limited to, the cessation of data traffic on the serial communication bus.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a digital protection relay and an operation method of the digital protection relay for enhancing the operation of a frequency change rate relay element (81R) thereof, and the digital protection relay and an operation method thereof may calculate a plurality of different frequency change rates from the measured frequency and use a value of the frequency change rate selected based on a predetermined criteria in the control of a relay operation, thereby providing an effect of enhancing reliability for the operation of the frequency change rate relay element.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a coordinated control method for power distribution system with DC bus electrification scheme and apparatus thereof. The method comprises: detecting what kind of disturbances occurs, and at least one of following steps: restoring the voltages of the failed DC buses if power loss is detected on the DC buses due to temporary or permanent failures of upstream power supplies; controlling the voltage of the abnormal DC buses if overvoltage or under-voltage is detected on the DC buses due to internal or external disturbances; and supporting the voltages of the abnormal AC buses if overvoltage or under-voltage is detected on the AC buses due to internal or external disturbances. The methods and apparatus can further improve the fault-ride-through capability for power plant under external or internal disturbances, and facilitate smooth automatic switching process between two DC buses etc.

Abstract: A current-limitation system for limiting a current through an DC connection in case of a fault occurring in a DC grid of which the DC connection forms a part is provided, as well as a method of operating a current-limitation system for limiting a current through an DC connection in case of a fault occurring in a DC grid of which the DC connection forms a part.

Abstract: A device for interrupting the flow of electrical power in an electrical distribution system is provided. The device includes a sensor operably coupled to the electrical distribution system. A switching mechanism is coupled to the electrical distribution system, the switching mechanism movable between an open position and a closed position. A controller operably coupled to the sensor and the switching mechanism, the controller having a processor that is responsive to executable computer instructions when executed on the processor incrementing a first counter in a first mode of operation and a second counter in a second mode of operation. Wherein the processor is further responsive to executable computer instructions for switching from the first mode to the second mode in response to a signal from the sensor.

Abstract: A control arrangement for a circuit breaker station includes a central control system and, for each of the circuit breakers, a circuit breaker operating unit connected to the central control system to obtain switching instructions and to the respective circuit breaker to control the operation thereof. The central control system and the circuit breaker operating units each have a local clock that are synchronized with one another. The central control system is, during use, arranged to calculate a point of time for switching each of the circuit breakers based on measured voltages, currents, and circuit breaker positions, and to send the point of time in a switching instruction to the circuit breaker operating unit. Each of the circuit breaker operating units is arranged to switch the circuit breaker, to which it is connected, at the point of time which is received in the switching instruction from the central control system.

Abstract: A method and system (30) are disclosed for providing situational awareness to a lineworker executing a switching order in a distribution substation (10). The method includes the steps of wirelessly transmitting a status of at least one circuit breaker (20) in the distribution substation (10), wirelessly receiving the status at a location adjacent a target switch (16) in the distribution substation (10); and displaying the status to a lineworker at the location to allow the lineworker to verify the status immediately prior to executing a switching order for the target switch (16). The system (30) includes a wireless transmitter (32) to perform the transmitting step of the method and one or more wireless receivers (34) to perform the receiving and displaying steps of the method.

Abstract: A system for isolating faults in emergency systems, the system including first and second power lines, and one or more zones. Each zone has first and second zone line isolators, the first zone line isolator is connected between the first power line and the respective zone, and the second line isolator is connected between the second power line and the respective zone. Each first line isolator is configured to disconnect the zone from the first power line upon occurrence of a short circuit in the zone. Each second line isolator is configured to connect power from the second power line upon occurrence of an open circuit in the zone.

Abstract: An electric power distribution system is used with an electric power source. The electric power distribution system includes a first device exchanging first electric power with the electric power source. The first device exchanges the first electric power with a plurality of second devices and meters first electric energy corresponding to the first electric power. The second devices exchange the first electric power with the first device. Each of the second devices exchanges second electric power as at least part of the first electric power with a number of corresponding electric loads and meter second electric energy corresponding to the second electric power. A processor includes a routine that compares the metered first electric energy from the first device with a sum of the metered second electric energy from each of the second devices, and responsively determines proper or improper operation of the electric power distribution system.

Abstract: A circuit protection system for a power panel is disclosed. The circuit protection system includes a transistor connected in a channel of a power panel, the transistor connected between return connections of a load and a return path, and the power panel including a plurality of channels connected to the load. The circuit protection system also includes control circuitry electrically connected in parallel with the transistor, the control circuitry configured to selectively activate the transistor to allow current to pass through the transistor based on an observed voltage across the transistor.

Abstract: A system and associated components for providing an intelligent circuit breaker being adapted to communicate with, monitor and control various devices within a commercial or residential premises. In one embodiment, the system is adapted for low cost, ease of installation and operation, and ease of manufacture. The intelligent circuit breaker may also be adapted to send data relating to sensed parameter or conditions to, and receive commands from, a user interface. Methods for operating such breakers and converting existing circuit breakers to intelligent circuit breakers consistent with the aforementioned system and components are also described.

Abstract: Power modules and related methods are providing configured to supply power from a power source to a power consuming unit. The power module configured to disconnect power in the power module in case of excess currents through the circuit breakers.

Abstract: An islanded power system with a distributed power supply includes a system abnormality detection unit, which outputs an abnormality detection signal when an abnormality in a commercial system is detected; a breaker, which interrupts a supply of power from the commercial system when the abnormality detection signal is input from the system abnormality detection unit; a status detection unit, which outputs a breaker status signal when the breaker's open state is detected; and an electrical storage device, which compensates a fluctuation in load until a rotating machine generator switches to an islanded operation after the supply of power from the commercial system is interrupted by the breaker by starting the supply of power when the breaker status signal is input.

Abstract: A circuit breaker (such as a miniature circuit breaker) that wirelessly communicates state and fault information to a main energy monitoring module. The wireless circuit breaker includes a transceiver and a power supply that harvests energy inductively from the line current conductor without the need for a connection to a neutral conductor. The wireless circuit breaker can be implemented in the same package as existing circuit breakers, eliminating the need to replace the panel when upgrading to a system that employs a main energy monitoring module. The wireless circuit breaker can also include an energy storage device for supplying power to the circuit breaker after it has tripped, allowing the circuit breaker to transmit information after a trip. The main energy monitoring module includes a processor and a gateway for evaluating and transmitting information received from the circuit breaker to other applications, such as webpages and smartphones.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for protecting a power system comprising a generator providing power to an alternating current bus, a power converter for converting alternating current power on the alternating current bus to direct current power on a direct current bus, and a direct current load powered by the direct current power on the direct current bus. An undesired condition is identified at the input to the power converter from the alternating current bus. The undesired condition is caused by at least one of the power converter, the direct current bus, or the load. The power converter is disconnected from the alternating current bus in response to identifying the undesired condition for at least a time delay. The time delay is selected such that the power converter is disconnected from the alternating current bus before the alternating current bus is disconnected from the generator due to the undesired condition.

Abstract: System of current protection of a primary electrical distribution box supplied by at least one electrical energy generator and delivering electrical energy to at least one load and/or to at least one secondary distribution box, comprising a line contactor for each generator arranged between the primary electrical distribution box and said generator, the primary electrical distribution box comprising an electrically conductive frame. The system of protection comprises an electrical connection member capable of electrically coupling the frame of the box to an external metal structure coupled to the earth, a current sensor capable of measuring a current flowing through said electrical connection member, and control means capable of controlling the line contactors so as to electrically decouple at least one generator from the primary electrical distribution box if a current flowing through said electrical connection member is detected.

Abstract: An apparatus includes at least one Rogowski coil and a processor. The at least one Rogowski coil is positioned within an electrical power distribution network to detect a first traveling wave current caused by a fault on an electrical power transmission line of the network, generate a first signal indicative of detection of the first traveling wave, detect a second traveling wave current caused by the fault on the transmission line, and generate a second signal indicative of detection of the second traveling wave. The processor is adapted to receive the first signal and the second signal and to determine, based on the first signal and the second signal, where on the transmission line the fault occurred.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a power control apparatus includes a receiving unit, an environment-data acquiring unit, and a calculation unit. The receiving unit receives, from a power supplying side, a power-consumption reduction request for reducing power consumption at a power demanding side. The environmental data acquiring unit acquires, from the power demanding side, environmental data representing environmental state of the power demanding side. The calculating unit calculates a power-reduction value based on the environmental data, in response to the power-consumption reduction request.

Abstract: A power distribution system includes a first circuit protection device and a second circuit protection device coupled to the first circuit protection device downstream of the first circuit protection device. The second circuit protection device includes a trip mechanism configured to interrupt a current flowing through the second circuit protection device, and a trip unit operatively coupled to the trip mechanism. The trip mechanism is configured to determine, for the second circuit protection device, a protective threshold and a blocking threshold that is lower than the protective threshold, transmit a forward blocking signal to the first circuit protection device upon a determination that the current exceeds the blocking threshold, and generate a reverse blocking signal upon a determination that the current exceeds the protective threshold.

Abstract: A power distribution system includes a first circuit protection device and a second circuit protection device coupled to the first circuit protection device downstream of the first circuit protection device. The second circuit protection device includes a trip mechanism configured to interrupt a current flowing through the second circuit protection device, and a trip unit operatively coupled to the trip mechanism. The trip mechanism is configured to determine, for the second circuit protection device, a protective threshold, a blocking threshold that is lower than the protective threshold, and a backup threshold that is higher than the protective threshold, activate the trip mechanism based on a determination that the current flowing through the second circuit protection device exceeds the protective threshold, and transmit a first blocking signal to the first circuit protection device upon a determination that the current exceeds the blocking threshold.

Abstract: A device (13) to break an electrical current flowing through a power transmission or distribution line (14) comprises a parallel connection of a main breaker (8) and a non-linear resistor (11), where the main breaker (8) comprises at least one power semiconductor switch of a first current direction. The device (13) further comprises a series connection of a high speed switch (10) comprising at least one mechanical switch and of an auxiliary breaker (9), the auxiliary breaker having a smaller on-resistance than the main breaker (8) and comprising at least one power semiconductor switch of the first current direction. The series connection is connected in parallel to the parallel connection. In a method to use the device (13) first the auxiliary breaker (9) is opened, thereby commutating the current to the main breaker (8), afterwards the high speed switch (10) is opened and afterwards the main breaker (8) is opened thereby commutating the current to the non-linear resistor (11).

Abstract: Centralized coordination of setting and adjusting trip settings of electronic circuit breakers in an electrical distribution system by monitoring short circuit current availability (SCCA) and adjusting trip settings based on received SCCA estimates from SCCA monitoring devices installed at main, feeder, and branch nodes of the distribution system. The SCCA monitoring devices are capable of automatically estimating the SCCA in the circuit or node at which the SCCA device is installed and transmitting SCCA estimates to a controller, which uses the SCCA estimates to coordinate adjustments to trip settings for the various circuit breakers. Depending on the node position of the circuit breaker and the corresponding SCCA at that node, the controller adjusts in real-time the short-circuit trip settings for the circuit breakers so that they are below the SCCA value. Optional user-inputted settings can affect the trip setting adjustments, such as transient loading conditions that can influence the SCCA estimates.

Abstract: A substation instrument control system is disclosed. The substation instrument control system includes a plurality of transformers that generate a plurality of waveform signals representing electric properties of a substation instrument main body. A merging unit is communicatively coupled to the plurality of transformers and includes a signal processing unit and a control unit. The signal processing unit receives the plurality of waveform signals from the plurality of transformers and converts the plurality of waveform signals to a digital signal. The control unit controls operation of the signal processing unit using a setting data. An intelligent electronic device is communicatively coupled to the merging unit and receives the digital signal from the merging unit.

Abstract: A power distribution system includes a first circuit protection device and a second circuit protection device coupled to the first circuit protection device downstream of the first circuit protection device. The second circuit protection device includes a trip mechanism configured to interrupt a current flowing through the second circuit protection device, and a trip unit operatively coupled to the trip mechanism. The trip mechanism is configured to determine, for the second circuit protection device, a protective threshold, a blocking threshold that is lower than the protective threshold, and a backup threshold that is higher than the protective threshold, activate the trip mechanism based on a determination that the current flowing through the second circuit protection device exceeds the protective threshold, and transmit a first blocking signal to the first circuit protection device upon a determination that the current exceeds the blocking threshold.

Abstract: A directional fault location and isolation system for a three phase electric power circuit that identifies a faulted segment by determining the direction of the fault at multiple tap points in the electric power circuit. The directional fault controller, which may be a centralized controller or a number of peer-to-peer controllers located at the tap points, includes communication equipment for exchanging information with the monitoring equipment and the sectionalizing equipment at each sectionalizing control point, which includes the tap points and may also include the substations. The controller also includes processing equipment that determines the directionality of a fault on the power line at each current monitoring device, identifies a faulted line section by identifying a change in the directionality of the fault associated with the faulted line section, and operates one or more of the sectionalizing switches to isolate the faulted line section from the circuit.

Abstract: A set of current measurements may be transmitted from a remote Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) to a local IED. The current measurements may comprise a timestamp and/or be associated with timestamp information to allow the local IED to time align the local current measurement with the remote current measurement. The local IED may detect a fault within the power system segment defined by the local and remote IEDs by comparing an operating current to a scaled restraint current. A fault may also be detected by comparing the operating current to a scaled nominal current. The operating and restraint currents may be derived from the local and remote current measurements. The restraint current scale may be derived from the characteristics of the local and/or remote IED. The current measurements may correspond to a negative-sequence component and/or a zero-sequence component of a three-phase current measurement set.

Abstract: There is provided an electricity storage system which comprises an electricity storage device, a charge and discharge switch device which is placed connected to the electricity storage device, a control block which is a charge and discharge control device which controls charging from a power supply and discharging from the electricity storage device to an external load, and an electricity storage device breaker with transmission and reception functions which is provided between the electricity storage device and the charge and discharge switch device, disconnects connection with the electricity storage device according to detection of abnormality of the electricity storage device or according to an instruction of the control block, and notifies the execution of the disconnection to the control block. The control block comprises a hardware disconnection instruction unit in addition to a software disconnection instruction unit.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an energy consumption management system includes: a movement information creating device; a power consumption amount measuring device; an accumulating device; and a display device. The movement information creating device creates movement information regarding a person in a management target area. The power consumption amount measuring device measures a power consumption amount of an instrument in the management target area. The accumulating device creates management information in which the movement information and a power consumption amount measurement value measured are associated with each other. The display device displays the management information.

Abstract: In order to be able to eliminate a fault on a high-voltage DC line with an AC voltage supply system which is connected via a self-commutated converter in a reliable manner with a comparatively low level of expenditure, the short-circuiting current flowing in the event of the fault is reduced by way of driving in each case at least one H-bridge submodule in phase branches of the converter, which is of modular design, so as to generate a counter-voltage to the voltage across the arc. There is also provide a system for transmitting an electric current via a high-voltage DC line, and also a converter.