Abstract: The present invention relates to a modular data transmission system which is constructed for contactless data transmission by means of electromagnetic waves having a wavelength in the millimetre range. A modular data transmission system according to the invention comprises a mounting rail, a first bus participant and a second bus participant. The first bus participant comprises a transmitting/receiving module. The second bus participant also comprises a transmitting/receiving module. The first bus participant and the second bus participant are releasably secured to the mounting rail so as to be able to be attached to each other, and the transmitting/receiving modules of the first and second bus participants are constructed in order to transmit data by means of electromagnetic waves having a wavelength in the millimetre range. Another modular data transmission system according to the invention comprises a mounting rail and at least a first bus participant.

Abstract: Provided is a circuit board manufacturing method capable of securing circuit patterns on a plate-like insulator while keeping the relative position between the circuit patterns, and also provided is a circuit board in which the relative position between a plurality of circuit patterns is kept. A first coil (30) having one turn is formed in a planar shape from a metal plate. Next, a second coil (40) having four turns is formed in a planar shape from a metal plate, wherein both of the ends (41, 42) of the coil are linked to other adjacent regions via linking portions (43, 44). A pair of the first coil (30) and the second coil (40) are then overlapped so as to face each other through a plastic plate (50) in which a plurality of prepregs are stacked, after which the links by the linking portions (43, 44) are disconnected.

Abstract: The electrical card has power modules constituted by power components and by control components that are carried by strips fastened on a support plate comprising an electrical ground plate. The power components are connected firstly to control buses, and secondly to power buses carried by the support plate and extending in a layer adjacent to the electrical ground plate.

Abstract: A device for disconnecting electrical power from a first stack of meter modules, wherein the power is supplied by a main box that also supplies power to a second stack of meter modules. The device includes an incoming bus section for receiving power from the main box and an outgoing bus section for feeding power to the first stack of modules. In addition, the device includes a cross bus device connected to the incoming and outgoing bus sections and a circuit breaker connected to the cross bus device. When the circuit breaker is closed, power is supplied to the first and second stacks of modules. When the circuit breaker is opened, power to the first stack of modules is disconnected while power to the second stack of modules is maintained.

Abstract: A base pan assembly for connecting to conductors and an electrical device. The base pan assembly includes a base pan element having walls for isolating each conductor. The base pan assembly also includes a stab element associated with each conductor wherein the stab element includes first and second portions formed in a substantially L shaped configuration. The first portion is adapted to be connected to the electrical device and the second portion is fastened to the base pan element. An end of the second portion is positioned between a pair of ribs. A fastening element is associated with each stab element, wherein the fastening element includes a post extending from the base pan element which is received by an aperture in the second portion. Further, the base pan assembly includes a lug associated with each conductor, wherein the lug receives the second portion and the associated conductor.

Abstract: A loadcenter is equipped with a unitary neutral bus bar capable of receiving AFI and GFI circuit breakers having either a plug-on-neutral connection or a wire-neutral connection. The neutral bus bar is connected to line neutral and has a rolled rail that is formed by rolling an end of a conductive plate and bending the plate at a transition portion to position the rolled rail above and at an angle of a major flat surface of an extension of the neutral bus bar. Wire-capture apparatuses secured along an edge of an extension of the neutral bus bar can capture wires from circuit breakers that lack an internal connection to a neutral plug-on mounting jaw or that lack a neutral plug-on mounting jaw altogether.

Abstract: Closed busbar system for three-phase low voltage distribution, comprising phase bars that extend lengthways and transverse branch bars, one of which is respectively electrically connected to an associated phase bar. The phase bars are maintained in an inserted manner in a socket of an insulating housing for reducing the cross-section or increasing the power in such a manner that a cooling channel associated with each phase track is formed between the rear side of the phase tracks and the base inner side of the socket.

Abstract: Electrical switchgear comprising electrical switching equipment for a multi-phase electrical power distribution system, a supporting structure for a bus assembly for supplying electrical current to the switching equipment, and a plurality of spaced buses mounted on the supporting structure each for connecting the switching equipment to respective phases of the multi-phase electrical power distribution system. Each bus comprises a plurality of substantially co-planar, spaced, elongated flat conductors arranged with at least one longitudinal edge surface of each conductor in that bus opposed to and spaced from a longitudinal edge surface of another conductor in that same bus, and a connector at each end of said conductors for connecting the plurality of flat conductors in each bus to each other.

Abstract: A front accessible metal clad switchgear assembly comprising multiple compartments defined within an electrical enclosure is provided. The compartments interchangeably accommodate electrical components, for example, current transformers, a circuit breaker, a control power transformer, an epoxy encapsulated potential transformer, etc., and bus bars in predetermined positions for allowing front access to the electrical components and bus bars. The front accessible switchgear assembly further comprises a plenum chamber rearwardly positioned in the electrical enclosure and in communication with the compartments to provide an exit path for releasing pressure and gases. A mounting block assembly is positioned in one or more of the compartments for mounting, enclosing, and providing front access to the electrical components. The mounting block assembly is configured to reduce temperature rise in the compartments.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gas-insulated high-voltage switchgear, comprising at least one bus bar with three phase conductors, whereby each phase conductor is connected to the input of a respectively provided bus bar section. The phase conductor and the bus bar section are arranged in a three-phase bus bar module with three single-phase power switches, each arranged in a separate power switch housing and each bus bar section is connected at the output therefrom to a respectively provided power switch.

Abstract: A switchboard including at least four conductors of horizontal configuration, the conductors secured to the switchboard to maintain the horizontal configuration, wherein at least one of the four conductors of horizontal configuration is an AC PEN (23) and at least one of the four conductors of horizontal configuration is a DC ground; at least one uninterrupted power supply and battery mounted in the switchboard and operatively connected to the DC ground (23); and at least one uninterrupted power supply and battery mounted in the switchboard and operatively connected to the AC ground (23).

Abstract: A shutter assembly is provided for an electrical system including at least one electrical switching apparatus, such as a circuit breaker, and a plurality of electrical bus members, and a plurality of electrical cable members, and a ground member with a plurality of contacts. Each of the conductors of the circuit breaker is removably coupled to a corresponding primary contact to electrically connect the circuit breaker to the electrical bus members and to electrically connect the circuit breaker to the electrical cable members and to electrically connect the circuit breaker to the ground members. The shutter assembly includes a flexible insulating member movably disposed between the conductors and the primary contacts.

Abstract: A panelboard supplies electricity to multiple loads, such as lighting fixtures and/or other electrical devices via one or more high-amperage circuit breakers and one or more low-amperage circuit breakers. The panelboard includes one or more vertical busbars and one or more horizontal busbars coupled together in a single housing. The one or more horizontal busbars are coupled to a main input breaker that receives electricity from a source. The main input breaker distributes the electricity to the horizontal busbars. The horizontal busbars distribute the electricity to the high-amperage circuit breakers coupled thereto and to the vertical busbars. The vertical busbars distribute the electricity to the low-amperage circuit breakers coupled thereto.

Abstract: A structure for transmission in a power supply, particularly to a power structure for transmission for bearing large DC current, wherein the power supply includes a power input port for connecting to DC input power and a DC/DC conversion circuit for converting the DC input power into DC output power. The architecture including at least one power transmission board for disposing the power input port, wherein the power transmission board is electrically connected to the power process board with the DC/DC conversion circuit mounted thereon by at least one power conduction element. Therefore, through the power conduction elements replacing the conventional connecting wires with large diameter to connect the power input port and the power process board without disobeying the safety regulation, not only the space occupied by the bent connection wires can be reduced, but the collisions and damage to other components caused therefrom also can be avoided.

Abstract: A panelboard supplies electricity to multiple loads, such as lighting fixtures and/or other electrical devices via one or more high-amperage circuit breakers and one or more low-amperage circuit breakers. The panelboard includes one or more vertical busbars and one or more horizontal busbars coupled together in a single housing. The one or more horizontal busbars are coupled to a main input breaker that receives electricity from a source. The main input breaker distributes the electricity to the horizontal busbars. The horizontal busbars distribute the electricity to the high-amperage circuit breakers coupled thereto and to the vertical busbars. The vertical busbars distribute the electricity to the low-amperage circuit breakers coupled thereto.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gas-insulated high-voltage switchgear, comprising at least one bus bar with three phase conductors, whereby each phase conductor is connected to the input of a respectively provided bus bar section. The phase conductor and the bus bar section are arranged in a three-phase bus bar module with three single-phase power switches, each arranged in a separate power switch housing and each bus bar section is connected at the output therefrom to a respectively provided power switch.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrical switchgear comprising at least one panel, especially for low voltage, a device compartment especially for receiving inserts, switching devices, control devices, and similar, a busbar compartment in which the busbars are accommodated in a horizontal direction, a multi-terminal busbar compartment in which the multi-terminal busbars extend vertically, and at least one wire compartment. The wire compartment for control wires and signal wires is located on one side of the panel while the wire compartment for power wires is placed on the other side of the panel.

Abstract: A switchboard including at least four conductors of horizontal configuration, the conductors secured to the switchboard to maintain the horizontal configuration, wherein at least one of the four conductors of horizontal configuration is an AC PEN (23) and at least one of the four conductors of horizontal configuration is a DC ground; at least one uninterrupted power supply and battery mounted in the switchboard and operatively connected to the DC ground (23); and at least one uninterrupted power supply and battery mounted in the switchboard and operatively connected to the AC ground (23).

Abstract: A method for isolating phases in an electrical equipment enclosure having multi-phase bus bars and a mounting base for mounting electrical equipment. The insulation system includes a plurality of components including a plurality of side isolation barriers with each barrier defining at least one slot proximate one edge of the barrier and having at least one tab along another edge of the barrier. A side barrier adapter is configured to engage the isolation barrier and to engage the mounting base. An inner isolation barrier is configured to isolate at least two of the vertical bus bars and couple to the mounting base. A vertical bus rear wall defining a plurality of slots proximate at least two edges of the cover is fastened to the inner isolation barrier. A plurality of corner connectors is configured to engage one of the cover slots and the side isolation barrier slots.

Abstract: A bus bar simultaneously performs electrical connection between unit cells and detection of voltage of the unit cells in a battery module having the same and includes: vertical bent parts formed by bending opposite ends of a strip-shaped bar body in the same direction, the vertical bent parts being provided with coupling grooves or protrusions; and a horizontal bent part formed by bending one of the vertical bent parts toward the bar body such that the horizontal bent part is parallel with the bar body. The electrode terminals of the unit cells are connected to the rear surface of the bar body of the bus bar, whereby the electrical connection between the unit cells is accomplished, and the horizontal bent part of the bus bar is directly connected to a battery management system for monitoring the potential difference and the temperature of the unit cells to control the unit cells.

Abstract: An electrical bus assembly for an electrical enclosure includes a single branch circuit with a plurality of branch circuit buses. First electrical bus members include first ends electrically connected to corresponding branch circuit buses, and second ends electrically connected to a first circuit breaker. Second electrical bus members include first ends electrically connected to corresponding branch circuit buses, and second ends electrically connected to a second circuit breaker. The single branch circuit provides electrical power to the first and second circuit breakers. The first electrical bus members extend in a first lateral direction with respect to the branch circuit buses, and the second electrical bus members extend in a second, opposite lateral direction. The electrical bus assembly enables the first circuit breaker to be disposed horizontally adjacent to the second circuit breaker within a corresponding one of the cells of the electrical enclosure.

Abstract: An apparatus for distributing electrical power from a plurality of power sources among a plurality of electrical conductors includes: (a) A plurality of power supply bus structures. Each respective power supply bus structure is coupled with at least one respective power source and presents a respective plurality of first electrical connection structures arranged in a respective first spaced array. (b) Each respective electrical conductor presents a respective plurality of second electrical connection structures arranged in a respective second spaced array. (c) At least one electrical bridging unit coupling a respective first electrical connection structure and a respective second electrical connection structure to establish electrical connection between a selected respective power supply bus structure and a selected respective electrical conductor.

Abstract: This invention prevents a deterioration of efficiency of a power supply apparatus due to a semiconductor power supply voltage drop, prevents an increase in wasted power, and prevents erroneous operations due to feeder wire voltage drop. In the mounting structure of electronic circuits having a plurality of busbars as current paths on a printed circuit board, the plurality of busbars have almost parallel portions spaced a predetermined distance apart; a span of the parallel portions of the plurality of busbars is greater than the predetermined distance; and in the parallel portions of the plurality of busbars, the plurality of busbars are connected by a wiring pattern. In the switching power supply apparatus built on a printed circuit board, with its output voltage of less than 2 V and its output current of more than 100 A, a means is provided for making the power efficiency higher than 70%.

Abstract: A distribution switchgear has an equipment room, main busbar room and cable room, which are formed in a distribution panel housing by partitioning the housing, from front to back such that the equipment room is located just behind the front door of the housing, with the busbar room behind the equipment room. In the equipment room are disposed a circuit breaker, a current transformer on a load side of the circuit breaker and a zero-phase-sequence current transformer on a power supply side of the circuit breaker. The equipment units are vertically arranged in the equipment room. In the busbar room are a solid-insulated main busbar, a solid-insulated link busbar connected with the main busbar and connected with one side of each of the equipment units and a solid-insulated branch busbar connected with the other side of each of the equipment units.

Abstract: A lighting track apparatus includes elongated colored tubes which are easily bent into stable curved shapes to custom shape and fit sections of the apparatus into a track lighting system. Plural elongated electrical conductors are mechanically flexible and able to support low voltage lighting currents without significant temperature rise. An elongated non-conducting mechanical support is highly flexible so as to accept the shape of the tubes when bent. It engages with the tubes and the electrical conductors, whereby, the apparatus is easily formed into a curved shape that retains a selected curvature. A lamp or other appliance can be mounted on the apparatus, electrically contacting the conductors for power. The mechanical support is transparent so that the tubes may be seen.

Abstract: Emitter electrodes (Es) and collector electrodes (Cs) of elements (101 to 104) are connected to bus electrodes (361 to 364) of a bus bar (351), respectively. The bus bar (351) contains seven layers including four insulating layers (not shown) and three conductive layers (shown) interposed between the insulating layers. Namely, each of the bus electrodes (361 to 364) is connected to one of the conductive layers corresponding to one of a positive electrode (P), a negative electrode (N) and an intermediate electrode (L). The collector electrodes (Cs) of the elements (103 and 104) are connected one over the other to the bus electrode (361). The emitter electrodes (Es) of the elements (103 and 104) are connected one over the other to the bus electrode (362). The collector electrodes (Cs) of the elements (101 and 102) are connected one over the other to the bus electrode (363). The emitter electrodes (Es) of the elements (101 and 102) are connected one over the other to the bus electrode (364).

Abstract: A single locking member secures bus bars of different current ratings in the elongated support of a load center interior. The locking member has a lip on an outer end forming an inwardly facing locking surface that engages an outer edge of either size bus bar. A first outwardly facing locking surface formed by a first transverse groove in the locking member engages an inwardly facing abutment surface on a flange on the elongated support to secure the narrower bus bar in a lateral slot in the elongated support. The flange on the elongated support seats in a second groove in the locking member, spaced farther from the lip to secure a wider bus bar in the slot in the elongated support. The invention also embraces a load center interior incorporating the locking member.

Abstract: Support members for a busbar assembly are provided. The support members include a body formed of an electrically insulative material and at least one receiving formation in the body and configured to receive an electrical conductor. A strengthening insert is located substantially entirely within the body to electrically insulate the strengthening insert from the electrical conductor. The strengthening insert is a material different from the electrically insulative material of the body. Support structures and busbar assemblies and methods of making the support members are also provided.

Abstract: An integrated circuit biases the substrate and well using voltages other than those used for power and ground. Tap cells inside the standard cell circuits are removed. New tap cells used to bias the substrate and well reside outside the standard cell circuits. The location of the new voltage power rails is designated prior to placement of the tap cells in the integrated circuit. The tap cells are then strategically placed near the power rails such that metal connections are minimized. Circuit density is thus not adversely impacted by the addition of the new power rails. Transistors are also placed inside the tap cells to address electrostatic discharge issues during fabrication.

Abstract: A telecommunications power distribution circuit board carries a fuse holder for a plurality of GMT fuses through which power is supplied to connectors on a terminal block. Power is supplied to the fuses through a distribution circuit on the board by way of bullet connectors that are attached to the circuit board and plug into holes in a power supply bus bar.

Abstract: A securement assembly for providing securement of a member to a surface within an electrical distribution center. The assembly includes a first mounting member and a retaining member. The first mounting member is secured within an opening in the surface and the member is retained within the first mounting member by the retaining member which is positioned over the member and the first mounting member.

Abstract: A drawout unit is dimensioned to make more efficient use of the space within the drawout unit. Devices within the drawout unit are positioned in a generally vertical configuration. A bus brace serves as a line/load terminal assembly. The bus brace has receptacle ports enabling lugs to maintain electrical contact with vertically oriented bus bars on the line terminals and transfer current to horizontally oriented load terminals. Output cables extend horizontally from the load terminals and form a single right angle bend before passing out of the bottom of the drawout unit through an exit port.

Abstract: A switchboard for mounting and supplying electrical power to a plurality of circuit breakers has all the breakers are mounted on one side of a vertical power stack. The power stack has vertical buses to which the breakers are connected. Insulators and spacers provide air ventilation paths through the power stack. The main bus connecting members on the other side of the power stack from the breakers and are spaced apart vertically to allow for improved heat dissipation. By using vertical bus connectors, the bus connecting members may be connected to through bus connectors at any height on the back of the switchboard. The main bus connecting members are in a vertical chimney for improved heat dissipation. The circuit breaker at the highest location (the “A” phase) has the highest temperature and in the present invention, the main bus connecting member for the A phase is in the highest position to place it closest to the heat source and thereby improve the heat conduction away from the breakers.

Abstract: Main circuit breakers and/or tie circuit breakers are connected by upper and lower disconnects to upper and lower sections, respectively, of split risers in a low voltage switchgear assembly. An upper horizontal bus is connected to the upper sections of the split risers while a lower horizontal bus is connected to the lower sections. However, with the main or tie breaker mounted in the "C" position of a switchgear section, the gap between the upper and lower sections of the split risers is positioned vertically such that one of the phase conductors of the lower horizontal bus is above the gap. A unique connector extends downward from this phase conductor and is connected to the corresponding phase of the lower section of the vertical bus through the lower stab which engages the lower disconnect for the main or tie breaker.

Abstract: A three phase (3.phi.) sub feed lug accessory is presented. In an exemplary embodiment the 3.phi. sub feed lug accessory comprises a 3.phi. sub feed lug block and a tie down bracket. The 3.phi. sub feed lug block includes a housing having a first end and a second opposing end. At the first end, at least one and preferably a plurality of openings are formed in the housing, wherein each opening has an interlocking slot extending from the opening. The openings are intended to receive corresponding first tabs extending from one side of a load center and once the first tabs are received, they are releasably interlocked within the interlocking slots of the housing. At the second end of the housing, a shoulder is formed, wherein the shoulder defines a planar platform for receiving a first end of the tie down bracket.

Abstract: The interface conductors, stabs and runbacks, which are engaged at first ends by quick disconnects on electrical apparatus in a switchgear assembly, are fabricated from a stacked pair of elongated, flat conductors secured together at the first ends by elongated fasteners which are compressed into countersunk through apertures in the flat conductors to form a joint with no lateral projections. The interface conductors are supported adjacent the disconnects by a first support having a base member with through openings in which the conductors are snugly supported, and rigid projections with planar surfaces extending from the base member toward the quick disconnects alongside the openings and against which the interface conductors are secured adjacent free ends of the projections. A second support spaced rearward of the first support provides additional support for the runbacks. Interphase supports formed by C-channels are provided for the runbacks between the first and second supports.

Abstract: A control and panel assembly using a thin dielectric carrier strip upon which a sheet of conductive material is adhesively attached. The conductive sheet is perforated to form an array of spaced parallel discrete conductors. The conductors are initially formed as interconnected by transverse webs which are frangibly removed after attachment to the carrier. Individual stand up connectors are then attached to each of the conductors to form a carrier sub-assembly and the terminals are inserted through slots in a dielectric deck plate. Individual user actuated control components are then plugged directly into the terminals with user actuated shafts or levers extending through deck plate and carrier strip.

Abstract: A three-phase electrical distribution system includes an elongate housing of substantially square cross-section and a plurality of frames connected between the top and rear walls of the housing. Each frame includes three sections arranged in a stepped manner to locate and mount one power phase busbar by a standoff insulator near the rear wall, a second power phase busbar forwardly and vertically above the first busbar, and a third power phase busbar located vertically above and forwardly of the other busbars to minimize the cross-sectional housing space while spacing such busbars to prevent arcing therebetween or arcing to the housing or to the frames. The ground and neutral busbars are mounted via insulating standoffs to the bottom wall of the housing forwardly of the power busbars. An access opening is located in the bottom wall at various intervals to provide for hookup of power cables to the busbars via an openable front wall spanning between a pair of adjacent frames.

Abstract: An electric load center having a basepan having a surface with two spaced apart integrally formed wall members extending upward from the surface forming a barrier between the bus bars of the load center.

Abstract: A basepan for an electric load center having a surface with integrally formed posts with an undercut extending around its periphery for securing a component of the load center to the surface by heat staking.

Abstract: An integrated circuit biases the substrate and well using voltages other than those used for power and ground. Tap cells inside the standard cell circuits are removed. New tap cells used to bias the substrate and well reside outside the standard cell circuits. The location of the new voltage power rails is designated prior to placement of the tap cells in the integrated circuit. The tap cells are then strategically placed near the power rails such that metal connections are minimized. Circuit density is thus not adversely impacted by the addition of the new power rails. Transistors are also placed inside the tap cells to address electrostatic discharge issues during fabrication.