Abstract: The electrical isolation circuit of the present disclosure includes a switch coupled between the DC power source and the electrical application and a comparator for controlling the switch by receiving inputs from the DC power source and the electrical application. The comparator causes the switch to switch ON when the DC power source has a higher voltage than the electrical application allowing the normal operation of the electrical application. However, when the electrical application has a higher voltage than the DC power source, the comparator causes the switch to switch OFF thereby preventing flow of current from the electrical application to the DC power source.

Abstract: A separating device for an energy-conducting electric lead includes a monitoring unit for checking the electric properties of a lead section of the lead adjacent to the separating device, an energy storage device that is coupled to the monitoring unit such that the function of the monitoring unit can also be maintained in case of a failure of the lead, and a switching element, which is coupled to the monitoring unit and which is equipped such that in case of a failure of the lead the adjacent lead section can be separated. The disclosure further relates to an energy supply system and to a method for providing electric energy from a control center to a plurality of electric devices via an energy-conducting electric lead having at least one such separating device.

Abstract: An abnormality in operation is detected by meticulously monitoring the operation of a monitored device that comprises a state machine. The state number, indicating the state the monitored device is currently in, is output from the device. The upper and lower limit values of current consumption is set for each state number. A monitoring circuit, using the upper and lower limit values for the present state number, judges the value of current consumption detected by a current detection circuit and detects whether there is abnormality in operation.

Abstract: Method, and apparatus for operating a power feed in a computing system. One exemplary embodiment includes monitoring the power feed to ensure the power level of the entire system never remains above a first power level and only remains above a second power level for a period of time determined by a timer level.

Abstract: A voltage protection circuit includes a first voltage dividing circuit, a second voltage dividing circuit, a transistor and a switching power supply integrated circuit. The first resistor includes a first resistor and a second resistor. The second voltage dividing circuit includes a third resistor and a fourth resistor. The transistor with a base connected to a common end of the first resistor and the second resistor, a collector connected to a common end of the third resistor and the fourth resistor, an emitter connected to ground. The switching power supply integrated circuit includes an input pin, an enable pin and an output pin.

Abstract: A power interruption detecting system includes an electronic device and a power interruption detecting device. The electronic device includes a power supply, a protection circuit, a main circuit and a recording structure. The power supply includes a first power supplying module and a second power supplying module. The protection circuit is connected in parallel to the first power supplying module. The main circuit is connected in parallel to the first power supplying module. The recording structure is connected to the main circuit and configured for collecting a number of values of working voltage of the main circuit. The power interruption detecting device is configured for determining a cause for a shutting down problem happened to the electronic device, according to the values of the working voltage.

Abstract: A method of performing loadflow calculations for controlling voltages and power flow in a power network by reading on-line data of given/specified/scheduled/set network variables/parameters and using control means, so that no component of the power network is overloaded as well as there is no over/under voltage at any nodes in the network following a small or large disturbances.

Abstract: Plurality of current mirror circuits CM1 to CM5 at which the same amount of current I1 flows in the circuits. Transistors Qa4/Qb5 are ON state when it is in the steady state. Transistors Qa5/Qb7 turn ON and transistors Qb6/Qa6 turn OFF when a voltage generation circuit 3 applies a voltage more than predetermined value V12 to node N3. Therefore node N3 becomes fixed voltage V12. On the other hand, voltage generation circuit 3 applies a voltage less than predetermined value V23 to node N3, transistors Qb5/Qa6 turn ON, and transistors Qa5/Qb7 turn OFF. Accordingly, the node N3 becomes fixed voltage V23.

Abstract: A battery protective device that protects against battery damage and semiconductor destruction from overdischarge and overcharge of the battery. Resistance across switching elements is controllable to prevent current leakage through parasitic dipole elements in the integrated circuit. Current is detected with an overdischarge detecting circuit and an overcharge detecting circuit. Direction of the current to/from the battery is detected by discharge overcurrent and charge overcurrent detecting circuits. Switching discharge FETs and charge FETs are enabled as independently controlled, ON-OFF parallel switching elements, interposed in series in the charge/discharge current path of the battery. Only a part of the discharge or charge switching FETs can be turned ON and OFF for accurate current control in accordance with the detected current and its direction.

Abstract: A method and system for improving Field Replacement Unit (FRU) isolation in memory sub-systems by monitoring Voltage Regulator Module (VRM) induced memory errors. A comparator compares the output voltage coming from the VRM to memory. If the comparator detects a VRM output voltage transient that is outside a rated threshold, then a counter is increased by one. If the counter exceeds a count threshold, a VRM error is posted. If a memory failure occurs within a predetermined period of time, then the VRM error pinpoints the VRM output voltage transient as being the likely cause of the memory failure.

Abstract: A back-gate voltage generator circuit generating a back-gate voltage of a four-terminal back gate switching MOSFET for charge and discharge control is disclosed. The back-gate voltage generator circuit includes first and second n-type MOSFETs connected in series through a common source electrode. A voltage at the common source electrode of the first and second n-type MOSFETS connected in series serves as the back-gate voltage of the four-terminal back gate switching MOSFET, and the back-gate voltage is used as a reference voltage for generating signals for controlling the first and second n-type MOSFETS.

Abstract: The inverter according to the invention includes a control microcomputer including a protector circuit that stops the inverter when an anomaly is caused, a counter that counts the driving clock signals of the microcomputer from the instance at which the protector circuit starts working, and a conversion circuit that converts the clock signals counted by the counter to a numerical time expression in the time units and outputs the converted numerical time expression. The inverter according to the invention, manufacturable with low manufacturing costs and easy to operate, facilitates informing the installation manager of the period of time from the instance at which the inverter stopped due to an anomaly and such a cause, without impairing the time measurement precision.

Abstract: A multi-battery system for high-voltage applications with proportional power sharing comprises a circuit having a circuit positive and a circuit negative terminal. At least two batteries are provided to combine to deliver required system power. The batteries are connected to a protection circuit, energy storage means, system output voltage sensing means and a logic gate. Protection means generates a protection signal and the voltage sensing means generates an enabling signal that are fed into the logic gate as true signals to generate a true control signal. The true control signal causes the energy storage means to discharge. The digital enabling signal for each of the circuits is time-shifted by a time “t” so that at any time one of the circuits is discharging and one of the at least two circuits is charging during said time “t”.

Abstract: This invention discloses a charging/discharging protective circuit for a secondary battery pack, having an over-charging/discharging voltage comparator, a reference voltage source and a battery status decision circuit. There is also a sampling circuit having a sequential pulse generator for generating pulses for selecting one of the batteries in the battery pack for testing purposes. The pulse generator provides M-channel gating pulses to the selection circuit of the battery under test and provides sampling pulses to the over-charging/discharging voltage comparators. The reference voltage source has a regulated output circuit. This invention uses time division inspection methods to provide a cost-effective solution for inspecting batteries in a battery pack.

Abstract: A control circuit with protection circuit for power supply according to the present invention comprises a peak-detection circuit and a protection circuit. The peak-detection circuit detects an AC input voltage and generates a peak-detection signal. The protection circuit generates a reset signal to reduce the output of the power supply in response to the peak-detection signal. The present invention can protect the power supply in response to the AC input voltage effectively through the peak-detection circuit.

Abstract: An over-voltage and under-voltage protection system for protecting an electrical device includes a comparison device, a signal controller, a switch controller, and a switch. The comparison device receives an input voltage and compares the input voltage with a predetermined voltage. If the input voltage is greater than the predetermined voltage, the comparison device outputs an over-voltage signal to the switch controller via the signal controller. If the input voltage is less than the predetermined voltage, the comparison device outputs an under-voltage signal to the switch controller via the signal controller. The switch controller controls the switch to turn the electrical device off when the over-voltage or the under-voltage signals are received from the signal controller.

Abstract: An electrical power control system for use with a recreational vehicle or similar load to selectively control power thereto from either a utility power source or a generator power source comprising a power control stage coupled to the utility power source and the generator power source by a power supply stage to operate the electrical power control system and a utility/generator switch arrangement to selectively direct the power from either the utility power source or the generator power source to the recreational vehicle and wherein the power control stage monitors polarity, phase and voltage levels and controls the utility/generator switch arrangement to selectively feed power from either the utility power source or the generator power source to the recreational vehicle under a predetermined plurality of operating parameters or conditions and fault conditions.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses provide voltage regulation for a processor. Control or configuration parameters for a voltage regulator (VR) are provided digitally over a configuration bus to a VR controller. The parameters may be provided directly from a storage element, or via a processing element or processor core. Based in whole or in part on the parameters, the VR controller provides an output control signal to affect a power output from a power converter to the processing element. In one embodiment, the VR controller is integrated onto the same IC as the processing element.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement includes a first and a second supply terminal for application of a supply voltage and an output terminal for providing an output signal. The circuit arrangement additionally includes at least one programmable switch arrangement includes a normally off MOS transistor, which has a load path between a first and second load terminal and a control electrode. A capacitive component, has a first and a second terminal, the first terminal of which is connected to the control electrode of the MOS transistor and the second terminal of which is connected to a control and programming terminal. In this case, the load path of the MOS transistor is connected between the output terminal and one of the supply terminals.

Abstract: A constant voltage output circuit has an output power transistor supplied with electric power form a first input power source and a control circuit supplied with electric power from a second input power source. Here, when the voltage from the first input power source is equal to or higher than a predetermined level Va, an overcurrent protection circuit and a short-circuiting protection circuit operate. Furthermore, yet another protection circuit is provided that operates even when the voltage from the first input power source is lower than the predetermined level Va.

Abstract: Included are a Zener diode D2 having a cathode connected onto a voltage output line, dividing resistors having one terminal connected to the anode of the Zener diode D2 and having the other terminal grounded, a transistor Q1 having a base connected to the junction point between the dividing resistors via a resistor and having an emitter grounded, a transistor Q2 having a base connected to the junction point between the dividing resistors and having an emitter grounded, and a microcomputer having an undervoltage detection terminal 10a which is connected to the collector of the transistor Q1 and to which 3.3 V is externally applied and a power supply terminal 10b which is connected to the collector of the transistor Q2 and via which a P-ON-H signal of 3.3 V that starts a power supply circuit 126 when the power supply is turned on is transmitted.

Abstract: An integrated circuit has a control circuit (2) for a power field-effect transistor (3), wherein the integrated circuit has a first input (202) for receiving a control signal (CE) and an output to switch the field-effect transistor (3) on or off. The control circuit further has a driver circuit for providing a voltage level at the output in response of the control signal. A second input is provided for receiving a configuration signal, the configuration signal for configuring the voltage level being provided by the driver circuit in response to the control signal.

Abstract: A method for providing an analog or digital circuit that senses both low and high input voltage and operates to disconnect both line and neutral electrical power connections to a protected device when abnormally low or high voltages are received from a single- or multi-phase power source, and reconnects the protected device when input power has stabilized. The sensing circuit and power supply is functional with voltages up to at least 240 Vac. The nominal 120 Vac circuit is designed to withstand a 6 kilovolt surge without damage. The method does not disconnect the ground line during an out-of-tolerance voltage condition.

Abstract: A by-pass circuit includes a first power MOS with an intrinsic diode, a first conduction terminal coupled to a cathode, a second conduction terminal coupled to an anode, and a control terminal. A tank capacitor is coupled to the anode. A second MOS has a first and second conduction terminals, a control terminal, and a turn-on threshold smaller than that of the intrinsic diode, the first conduction terminal thereof coupled to the cathode and the control terminal coupled to the anode, so the first MOS turns on when the array of cells are sub-illuminated. An oscillator and charge pump are supplied through the second conduction terminal of the second MOS to charge the tank capacitor. A control circuit is coupled to the control terminal of the first power MOS to switch it based upon a voltage of the tank capacitor and sign of the voltage between the cathode and anode.

Abstract: There is disclosed an apparatus for controlling a vehicle equipment device. The apparatus permits a reduction in the cost of manufacturing a vehicle in which the apparatus is installed. The apparatus also enables easy and precise switching between normal mode and delivery mode. The apparatus has a delivery decision unit and control change unit. The decision unit makes a decision as to whether the vehicle is in the delivery mode. If the decision unit determines that the vehicle is in the delivery mode, the control change unit changes the controlled contents of the vehicle equipment device from normal mode to delivery mode. The decision unit makes the aforementioned decision according to whether a backup power supply is applied to a clock device.

Abstract: A power supply controller includes detection circuits that are provided so as to correspond to a plurality of load circuits performing an operation by power output from a power supply circuit and that detect an overcurrent condition of load currents of the respective load circuits; and a control unit controlling a predetermined operation of the power supply circuit so as to change the amount of power output from the power supply circuit in accordance with detection outputs of the detection circuits.

Abstract: A system and method is disclosed for providing communication of an over-current protection signal and current mode control signals between a controller chip and a power chip in an integrated circuit device that comprises a plurality of integrated circuit chips. The controller chip sends pulse width modulation signals and a reference current signal to the power chip. Current flow status detection circuitry in the power chip detects a current flow status in the power chip and provides a current flow status signal to the controller chip. The current flow status signal may comprise an over-current protection signal or current mode control signals. One advantageous embodiment of the invention comprises a switch mode power supply integrated circuit.

Abstract: A short circuit protection system includes an inductor, a switch, a voltage sensing circuit, and a controller. The switch and inductor are electrically coupled to be in series with one another. A voltage sensing circuit is coupled across the switch and the inductor. A controller, coupled to the voltage sensing circuit and the switch, opens the switch when a voltage at the output terminal of the inductor transitions from above a threshold voltage to below the threshold voltage. The controller closes the switch when the voltage at the output terminal of the inductor transitions from below the threshold voltage to above the threshold voltage.

Abstract: An analog or digital circuit that senses both low and high input voltage and operates to disconnect both line and neutral electrical power connections to a protected device when abnormally low or high voltages are received from a single- or multi-phase power source, and reconnects the protected device when input power has stabilized. The sensing circuit and power supply is functional with voltages up to at least 240 Vac. The nominal 120 Vac circuit is designed to withstand a 6 kilovolt surge without damage. The apparatus does not disconnect the ground line during an out-of-tolerance voltage condition.

Abstract: A system and method for conditioning an alternating current (“AC”) power transmission for supply to a load circuit.

Abstract: A protection device for non-common ground buses is disclosed. The protection circuit includes a controller, a level shifter, a first group of switches, and a second group of switches. The controller together with the level shifter controls the first group and second group of switches. The non-common ground buses will be isolated when at least one group of the switches are turned off in an abnormal condition.

Abstract: A voltage detection circuit includes a voltage obtaining circuit for transforming an AC signal into a voltage signal, an over-voltage detection circuit connected to the voltage obtaining circuit, and an under-voltage detection circuit connected to the voltage obtaining circuit. The over-voltage detection circuit is for determining whether the AC signal is over-voltage, and generating an over-voltage signal if the voltage signal is over-voltage. The over-voltage detection circuit includes a first transistor. The first transistor includes a first control electrode electrically connected to the voltage obtaining circuit, a first electrode, and a second electrode. The under-voltage detection circuit is for determining whether the AC signal is under-voltage, and generating an under-voltage signal if the voltage signal is under-voltage. The under-voltage detection circuit includes a second transistor.

Abstract: A method and a device for switching off an inductive load in a failsafe manner are proposed. According to one aspect of the invention, the method and the device are configured such that a predefined inductive voltage is generated during switch-off. The predefined inductive voltage is monitored by means of a monitoring circuit. In a preferred embodiment, the inductive voltage is set by means of threshold switches and the inductive voltage also is monitored by means of these threshold switches.

Abstract: A method for implementing voltage regulation for an electrical generator device includes comparing an output voltage of the electrical generator device to a desired set point voltage thereof, and generating an output control signal configured to regulate a field current of the generating device. The output control signal is generated in accordance with a linear mode of operation during of one of an overvoltage condition and an undervoltage condition with respect to the desired set point voltage, and wherein the output control signal is automatically set to a predetermined value in a non-linear mode of operation during the other of the overvoltage condition and the undervoltage condition.

Abstract: An alternating current (AC) bus malfunction detection and protection module monitors an AC voltage that is provided on a bus by a house keeping power supply of a power system. If the AC voltage on the bus falls below a first level, the module provides a delay before power inverter switching is disabled. If the AC voltage on the bus falls below a second level, the module disables the power inverter switching without delay.

Abstract: An ESP protecting circuit and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The ESP protecting circuit includes a device isolation layer, first and second high-concentration impurity regions, a third high-concentration impurity region of a complementary type, first and second conductive wells, and a fourth conductive impurity region. The ESD protecting circuit is configured as a field transistor without a gate electrode, and the high breakdown voltage characteristics of the field transistor are lowered by implanting impurity ions, providing an ESD protecting circuit with a low breakdown voltage and low leakage current. Because the leakage current is reduced, the ESD protecting circuit can be used for an analog I/O device that is sensitive to current fluxes. Also, an N-type well may protect a junction of the field transistor.

Abstract: The invention provides a monolithic, highly integrated power supply circuit capable of providing various voltages for circuits on an expansion card, either from a main supply source or an auxiliary supply source. The monolithic power supply circuit preferably includes two switching converters, two low-drop-out regulators, a standby regulator, a reset circuit, and a control circuit. An associated method for providing various voltages via a monolithic power supply circuit is also disclosed.

Abstract: The operating voltage is monitored in a microcontroller having associated output stages which are used to control components. In the case of over-voltage, the output stage is disconnected. Two technology-related, voltage monitoring devices working in different operating voltage ranges are provided. Due to the combination thereof, a highly precise disconnection threshold and a greater area for the operating voltage, which is to be monitored, can be obtained. If a malfunction of an over-voltage occurs, the output stages can be disconnected in a reliable manner.

Abstract: A digital interface used in multi-series-parallel battery modules is provided and applies the Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter interface. An Up-Link circuit and a Down-Link circuit are construed by voltage isolation elements for directly connecting a Low Voltage Protection signal of a battery cell, and an Over Voltage Protection signal of the battery cell in series, in associated with receiving and transmission signals of universal asynchronous receiving/transmission, and initiating a forced WakeUp signal of a Micro Control Unit, MCU, of a battery module protection circuit board of each digital interface of the battery modules.

Abstract: A fault detection system comprises a photo voltaic (PV) source responsive to incident sunlight to generate output power along output conductors. Control circuitry monitors to PV source and disables output power from the source in response to detection of a fault condition. The PV source may be situated on the roof of a structure and includes an array of modules. One or more controllers monitors the output of the PV modules and a combiner is electrically connected to an output of each controller for combining DC output power from the modules into a combined PV source power output. The combiner is capable of disabling the PV source power output upon detection of a fault condition by any of the controllers, and an override switch is preferably displaced from the PV source at a remote location.

Abstract: A protection circuit for avoiding the use of an improper alternating current source includes: a rectifier circuit; a voltage comparator circuit having a first input terminal, a second input terminal, and an output terminal; a sampler and filter circuit; an alarm circuit connected to the output terminal of the voltage comparator circuit; and a switch control circuit. The rectifier receives a voltage from an external AC power and outputs a single-direction pulsed voltage. The sampler and filter circuit includes an input terminal connected to an output terminal of the rectifier circuit, and an output terminal connected to the first input terminal of the voltage comparator circuit. The switch control circuit enabled or disenabled by means of a control signal received from the voltage comparator circuit. One of the input terminals of the voltage comparator circuit accepts a constant reference voltage.

Abstract: A switching power supply device includes: a switching element connected through a primary winding of a transformer to an output end of an input rectifying/smoothing circuit that rectifies and smoothes an alternating current input voltage and outputs a direct current input voltage; an output rectifying/smoothing circuit that rectifies and smoothes a voltage induced in a secondary winding of the transformer and outputs a direct current output voltage; and a control circuit that controls ON and OFF of the switching element.

Abstract: A voltage control circuit includes first, second and third transistors, a relay, and first, second, and third resistors. The emitter of the first transistor is connected to a first power supply, the collector of the first transistor is connected to a first contact of the relay, a second contact of the relay is grounded; the collector of the third transistor is connected to the first power supply via the third resistor, and the emitter of the third transistor is grounded. The first and second resistors are connected in series between the positive electrode of the second power supply; the base of the second transistor is connected to a node between the first and second resistors, the collector of the second transistor is connected to the base of the third transistor, and the emitter of the second transistor is connected to the first power supply.

Abstract: A portable information handling system having internal battery power and external adapter power manages power drawn from the external power adapter to avoid exceeding the power rating of the external power adapter. As power drawn from the external adapter approaches a predetermined limit of the power adapter power rating, a power manager of the information handling system alters the operation of the information handling system to reduce power drawn from the adapter, such as by reducing current drawn to charge the battery, enforcing battery optimized mode steps or throttling central processing unit operation. Incremental decreases in power consumption maintain power draw below the external adapter power rating while incremental increases in power consumption have a delay that returns the information handling system to normal operations without excessive oscillation between operating modes.

Abstract: A power management and protection system is provided for a hybrid fuel cell system. The hybridization includes a fuel cell stack and an energy storage device (ESD) having either batteries, ultracapacitors, or both, in parallel with the fuel cell for delivering power to an electrical load. Voltage and current protection is provided to the stack, ESD, and load by use of a two stage control system. The first stage limits the current drawn from the stack and the charging rate of the ESD and provides for the voltage output to be within an adjustable predetermined range to prevent an over-voltage condition on the ESD and the load and an under-voltage condition in the stack. The second stage limits the current delivered to the load to an adjustable predetermined level, prevents an under-voltage condition on the load, and prevents rapid discharge of the ESD in the case of a short circuit.

Abstract: Disclosed is an inverter-circuit power supply circuit capable of redriving an inverter circuit upon temporary blackout without turning on a main power again An inverter-circuit power supply circuit according to the present invention cuts off a backlight driving signal from a microcomputer (11d2) with a Zener diode (18a), a first transistor (19a), and a second transistor (20a) when a power supply voltage from a main power supply circuit (12a) is lowered, by use of a power recovery circuit (12c3) to thereby cancel a protective function of a protective circuit (17).

Abstract: A driving circuit of a switch includes first and second transistors connected in series to each other and to relative intrinsic diodes in antiseries and driven by a driving device that includes at least one first and one second output terminal connected to the switch to supply it with a first control signal for driving the switch in a first working state and a second control signal for driving the switch in a second working state. At least one latch circuit coupled between respective common gate and source terminals of the first and second transistors supplies the common gate terminal with the first and second control signals, respectively, according to the working state to turn off and turn on the first and second transistors.

Abstract: A method and associated system are disclosed for verifying charging failures for smart batteries by measuring input charging voltage and associated systems. In one embodiment, a determination is made whether or not a charging current is indicative of a battery failure by utilizing an analog-to-digital (A/D) port to measure the input charging voltage. As long as the measured input charging voltage is below the cell pack voltage or some set voltage value, whichever is higher, the BMU considers a charging current detection to be a false failure indication. If the measured charging voltage is above the cell pack voltage and the set voltage value, the BMU considers the charging current detection to be a positive failure indication. The BMU can then disable the battery or implement other verification steps before disabling the battery, as desired.

Abstract: An over-voltage protection circuit prevents an anomaly, such as a short circuit in the upper-switched electronic device of a DC-DC power supply, from propagating to downstream circuitry. The over-voltage protection circuit, which includes an overvoltage sense resistor coupled between an output of the upper or high side FET and the gate of the lower FET, is operative to sense a short circuit fault condition in the circuit path through the upper FET during initial power up of the system. In response to this condition, the lower NFET device is turned on so as to provide an immediate by-pass of the overvoltage condition to ground, and thereby prevent excessive voltage from being applied by the output terminal to downstream powered circuitry.

Abstract: A first and a second charging circuit each having a diode and a capacitor are connected to a buffer. In the first charging circuit, an overshoot based on a reflected signal generated by an output signal is stored as an electric charge to the capacitor, and in the second charging circuit, an undershoot based on a reflected signal generated by an input signal is charged as an electric charge to the capacitor, whereby the energy of the overshoot and the like is recovered. These charges are collected in the charging circuit, stored in the capacitor, converted into a power supply voltage of an internal power supply by a stabilization circuit, and are supplied as an internal power supply. The reflected energy of the signal generated during signal transmission at the time of data transfer between semiconductor devices is stored, and the stored energy is used in driving the signals.