Abstract: A cooling arrangement comprising a source electrode, a first and a second target electrode arranged at a distance from the source electrode and control circuitry for controlling a voltage being applied between the source electrode and at least one of the first and the second target electrodes. The voltage is controlled such that an airflow resulting from a potential difference between the source electrode and at least one of the first and the second target electrodes is arranged to have alternating directions. By means of the invention it may be possible to provide cooling of a device having similar or better performances than a conventional heat sink and fan system, but with a smaller size and weight as well as being silent.

Abstract: An elongate tubular lighting assembly having a body with a length between spaced first and second ends. The tubular lighting assembly has a source of illumination and first and second connectors respectively at the first and second body ends. The first connector has cooperating first and second parts having first and second surfaces. The first and second connector parts are configured so that the first and second surfaces are placed in confronting relationship to prevent separation of the first and second connector parts with the body in an operative state as an incident of the first connector part moving relative to the second connector part from a position fully separated from the second connector part in a substantially straight path that is transverse to the length of the body into an engaged position.

Abstract: An illumination system which houses LEDs on Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) in a lightweight, metal or plastic housing that can be configured as a stand-alone interior lighting fixture or retrofitted to a common two, three, or four tube fluorescent drop in a ceiling (troffer) light fixture. The system can also be configured as an emergency/security/night light.

Abstract: A method and system for providing an array of illumination modules is disclosed. A modular illumination system can comprise a one-dimensional array, a two-dimensional array, or other shapes and arrangements of the illumination modules. Adjacent illumination modules in the array can be attached to one another via a system of connectors. Each illumination module can comprise at least two connectors, one feeding electricity to a neighboring illumination module and one receiving electricity from a power source. The power source can comprise another neighboring illumination module or a power supply circuit that feeds the array of illumination modules or a subset of illumination modules in the array. Each illumination module can comprise a circuit board, at least one LED, and an optical system that manages light.

Abstract: A backlight assembly includes a light emitting module and a receiving container. The receiving container receives the light emitting module, and includes a first frame, a second frame and a heat dissipation channel. The first frame includes a first bottom, and first sidewalls connected to the first bottom. The second frame includes a second bottom which faces the first bottom and is sealed with the first frame. The first and second bottoms are spaced apart from each other and form the heat dissipation channel therebetween.

Abstract: A lamp comprising a lamp tube, the lamp tube having a positioning slot formed on an inner side of the lamp tube for receiving a circuit board; two end covers installable at both ends of the lamp tube; each end cover comprises two electrical terminals for receiving electrical power from a source, and each end cover includes a conductive terminal disposed on an inner side of the end cover and coupled to the electrical terminal; and a circuit board arranged to be positioned in the positioning slot, the circuit board includes two sockets disposed at both ends of the circuit board; wherein in operation the conductive terminal of each end cover is plugged into the respective socket to conduct electric power.

Abstract: A modular LED fluorescent tube structure includes a heat dissipating holder, a light emitting plate and a driver module. The light emitting plate is disposed in the heat dissipating holder, which includes a cover for protection. The driver module is disposed on one side of the heat dissipating holder and to be connected electrically to the light emitting plate. The connector is detachable and may be replaced to different types. Moreover, the light emitting plate is also detachable. Therefore, the maintenance cost of the LED fluorescent tube is reduced to achieve cost-effectiveness and environment protection.

Abstract: A linear solid state lighting fixture with asymmetric distribution. The fixture comprises an elongated back reflector along the longitudinal direction of the fixture. At least one light source is arranged to emit toward the back reflector. The source(s) are mounted to a heat sink structure such that at least a portion of light emitted from the source(s) first impinges on the back reflector which redirects at least a portion of the light toward an exit lens. The exit lens interacts with the light as it is emitted from the fixture. Both the shape of the individual fixture elements (e.g., the back reflector and the exit lens) and the arrangement of these elements provide an asymmetrical light output distribution. Various mount mechanisms may be used to attach the fixture to a surface such as a ceiling or a wall, or the fixture may be suspended from a in a pendant configuration.

Abstract: A luminaire may be carried by a lighting fixture and may have a generally concave elongate-shaped housing defining an optical chamber and an aperture. The luminaire may include a plurality of lighting devices each having a heat sink, a light source, and a magnetic attachment member. The magnetic attachment member may magnetically bind a lighting device to pads proximate to ferromagnetic material in the housing. Light emitted by the light source may enter the optical chamber and pass through the aperture in a generally orthogonal direction in relation to the orientation of the device. Electrical power may be delivered by one or more power supply unit of either an external or an on-board type, and by using either inductive or conductive coupling. Network interfaces may enable communication of control instructions among a multiple controllers located either within a single luminaire or distributed among multiple luminaires.

Abstract: A light head includes a heat sink, a circuit board in heat transfer communication with the heat sink, a light source mounted on the circuit board such that heat generated by the light source when energized is transferred to via the circuit board to the heat sink, a collimating base having a cavity for receiving the light source, and a collimating lens structure on the outer surface of the base projecting outward from the outer surface of the base for transmitting substantially collimated light from the base. A light bar including one or more such light heads is also described.

Abstract: A modular troffer-style fixture that is well-suited for use with solid state light sources, such as LEDs, to provide a surface ambient light (SAL). The fixture comprises two structural components: a housing subassembly and a lighting subassembly. These two subassemblies may be removably attached to operate as a singular fixture. Many different lighting subassemblies may be compatible with a single housing subassembly and vice versa. The housing subassembly comprises a body that is mountable to an external structure. The lighting subassembly comprises the light sources and optical elements that tailor the light to achieve a particular profile. Electronics necessary to power and control the light sources may be disposed in the housing subassembly, the lighting subassembly, or both. Various mount mechanisms may be used to attach the fixture to a surface such as a ceiling or a wall. Multiple fixtures can be connected serially to provide an extended continuous fixture.

Abstract: A tube-type light-emitting diode (LED) illumination lamp is provided. The tube-type LED illumination lamp includes at least one printed circuit board on which at least one LED is placed, and a heat dissipation cover that has at least one seating surface on which the printed circuit board is mounted. The seating surface is obliquely formed such that each printed circuit board is mounted on each inclined surface. According to the present invention, since a light diffusion angle is increased by obliquely positioning the printed circuit board on which the LED is placed, illuminance quality of the tube-type LED illumination lamp can be improved.

Abstract: A lamp tube structure includes a first end cap, a second end cap, a heat sink holder, a light emitting element array and a lamp cover. The first end cap includes a pair of electrical terminals and a first insulating portion. The electrical terminals are integrated into the first insulating portion by insert molding, and one end of each electrical terminal is protruded from an outside of the first insulating portion. The second end cap includes a grounding terminal and a second insulating portion. The grounding terminal is integrated into the second insulating portion by insert molding, and one end of the grounding terminal is protruded from an outside of the second insulating portion. The light emitting element array is disposed on top surface of the heat sink holder. A bottom surface of the lamp cover is fixed on the heat sink holder for receiving the light emitting element array.

Abstract: Light engines for inclusion in luminaires. Some embodiments of the light engine include a heat sink, a reflector, and light emitting diodes. Some embodiments of the heat sink include perforations. The reflector includes a reflective surface that extends around at least a portion of the light emitting diodes. In some embodiments, a portion of the reflector is sandwiched between the light emitting diodes and the heat sink. In some embodiments, an end of the reflector terminates above the light emitting diodes to reduce the concentration of light directly above the light emitting diodes but rather distribute the light outwardly from the luminaire.

Abstract: An LED lighting device at least comprises a base made of metal materials; a substrate which is disposed on a surface of the base and has one electrode and at least one LED chip; and an insulation sheet which is disposed between the base and the substrate. The insulation sheet and the substrate satisfy the correlations L2+2×T?L1+2×Cr, W2+2×T?W1+2×Cr and Cr?1.6 mm. By controlling the dimension of the insulation sheet, a creepage distance between the electrode and the base can be increased, so as to solve the safety problem of lighting devices without increasing manufacturing costs.

Abstract: An LED-based light comprises: a tubular housing formed of a high-dielectric material and defined at least in part by a light transmitting portion; an elongate circuit board disposed within the housing; at least one LED mounted on the circuit board; an elongate heat sink disposed within the housing, the heat sink having an interior circuit board mounting surface opposing a radially outer surface, the circuit board mounted in thermally conductive relation to the circuit board mounting surface, substantially all of the radially outer surface of the heat sink in thermally conductive relation with the tubular housing for electrically insulated thermal transmission of heat generated by the LED from the circuit board to an ambient environment surrounding the LED-based light; and a pair of end caps disposed on opposing ends of the housing with connectors configured to physically connect the LED-based light to a conventional fluorescent light fixture.

Abstract: A lamp head module includes a high aspect ratio, high fill factor array of light emitting devices and a submount. The array includes multiple groups of electrically seriesed light emitting devices that are connected in electrical parallel. The submount is of monolithic construction and includes multiple L-shaped patterned circuit material layers. Each of the L-shaped patterned circuit material layers includes an arm portion and a stem portion. The arm portion functions as a light emitting device bond pad and the stem portion functions as a wire bond pad and a circuit trace. Each light emitting device of a group is affixed to a corresponding arm portion of the submount. The stem portions are located external to the array, run parallel to the length of the array and perform a primary current carrying function for current flow between adjacent light emitting devices of the group.

Abstract: Solid state lighting devices include elongated heatsinks with multiple raised features each including a major surface non-parallel to a longitudinal direction of the heatsink. A device-scale heatsink including raised features may include at least a portion of a threaded rod or tube, with threads thereof forming the raised features. Raised features may also be formed by stamped and bent emitter support elements arranged to support solid state light emitters, with the emitter support elements inserted into recesses of an elongated heatsink body.

Abstract: Described are LED lighting assemblies that may be used to replace a light source in a light fixture. The LED lighting assembly may include a thermally conductive extrusion, a plurality of light emitting diodes, and a diffuser. The diffuser is positioned below the light emitting diodes and also releasably engages the extrusion. The light fixture may include a housing, a reflector assembly with at least one longitudinally extending trough, at least one light source, and at least one lens assembly. As an example, the at least one lens assembly and the at least one light source are removed, and at least one LED lighting assembly is provided. At least a portion of the extrusion of the at least one LED lighting assembly is placed adjacent the at least one longitudinally extending trough. The diffuser of the at least one LED lighting assembly is connected to the at least one longitudinally extending trough.

Abstract: An explosion-proof LED module has at least one light-emitting diode, a heat sink connected to this and an LED cover that covers the LED at least in the emission direction. The LED cover extends into an insertion recess of the heat sink. In this insertion recess, the LED cover is surrounded by a casting compound resulting in sealing of the LED relative to an outer and possibly explosive atmosphere. As a result, an explosion-proof LED module can be provided whereby the manufacture of said explosion-proof LED module is relatively simple and possible in an economic manner in a short time from prefabricated parts. At the same time, the explosion-proof module is furthermore characterized in that sufficient cooling corresponding to the ignition protection type “intrinsic safety” and an embedding of the component according to ignition protection type “encapsulation” are given.

Abstract: A lighting system is described. The lighting system includes a lamp and a first container including a first phase change material thermally connected to the lamp. Heat generated by the lamp during operation is conducted to the first phase change material. The system also includes a second container including a second phase change material thermally connected to the lamp. Heat generated by the lamp during operation is also conducted to the second phase change material, and the second phase change material has a transition point temperature lower than the transition point temperature of the first phase change material of the first container to account for a temperature drop between the second container and the first container. The lighting system also includes a temperature sensor for reducing lamp power if the lamp becomes too hot, and a mounting bracket which may also conduct heat away from the lamp.

Abstract: The invention discloses an self-adaptive LED fluorescent lamp, comprising: a housing comprising a lampshade and a radiator fastened with each other, a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) consisting of one or more LED lamp sets and LED driving control units, and lamp caps sleeved on two sides of the housing; the LED driving control unit comprises a voltage detection module, an intelligent switching module and a linear constant current module; the voltage detection module comprises a first resistor and a second resistor, which are connected between two output ends of the rectifier filter module for voltage division, and a first capacitor connected with the second resistor in parallel; the intelligent switching module is connected with a common end of the first resistor and the second resistor, the output of the intelligent switching module is connected with a plurality of LED lamp sets, and each of the LED lamps is connected with a compensation resistor in series; and the linear constant current module consists of two

Abstract: An integrated LED lamp housing can include a heat radiation section and a light transmission section. The integrated LED lamp housing can be prepared by co-extruding different polycarbonate resin compositions.

Abstract: A LED light bar includes several LED light sources and a bar light source mounting base. The light source mounting base is made of an insulating and heat-conducting material. An electrical layer having several metal electricity-conducting plates is embedded in an inner part of the light source mounting base. The LED light sources are welded on the metal electricity-conducting plates to form an electrical electricity-conducting circuit. lighting sides of the LED light sources are exposed on a surface of the light source mounting base. The light source mounting base and the metal electricity-conducting plates are formed into a whole. Each LED light source is covered by lenses.

Abstract: A heat dissipating structure of an LED circuit board includes an LED circuit board having a plurality of soldering points. The soldering points of the LED circuit board are covered by a coating layer including Nanoparticles and a bonding agent. The coating layer has the characteristics of high emitting rate, temperature resistance, and conductivity insulation. On the other hand, the coating layer can increase the contacting areas of the soldering points with the air to enlarge the heat dissipation area of the LED circuit board. The LED circuit board covered by the coating layer is placed in an LED lamp tube to provide good heat dissipation effect.

Abstract: LED “Chip-on-Board” (COB) metal core printed circuit board (PCB) technology operates in conjunction with high efficiency compact imaging and non-imaging optics to provide a compact emergency light offering high performance luminance levels (higher brightness) and enhanced life, at low cost. Thermal impedance between the LED junction and the heat sink is significantly reduced for COB technology by placing the LED die directly on a high thermal conductivity material substrate thereby increasing temperature dependant life and thermally dependant output power. Additionally, there is no encapsulant or domed optic over the LED thus making it possible to get a much more compact and efficient substantially Etendue preserving collection optic directly over the die.

Abstract: A light module may include a base having a first side and a second side, and a light source on the first side of the base and having a light emitting diode (LED) to emit light in a direction away from the base. A plurality of cooling fins may be provided on the second side of the base, the plurality of cooling fins including a first set of fins having a first height and a second set of fins having a second height, wherein the first height is less than the second height. A driving circuit may be provided on the first set of cooling fins having the first height, wherein the first set of cooling fins are provided between the driving circuit and the second side of the base.

Abstract: A linkable linear light emitting diode (LED) system provides apparatus and method for mechanically, optically, and electrically linking multiple LED modules disposed over a wide and separated area of a ceiling system. Openings can be cut in ceiling tiles of a drop ceiling system and the LED lighting modules are coupled to the tile through the opening, with the tile being sandwiched between different portions of the module. A remote driver system is placed within the drop ceiling above the tiles and provide multiple connectors for powering a multitude of lighting modules. Certain of the LED lighting modules include both input and output connectors for both receiving power or data and providing power or data to other modules. In this manner, some of the modules act as master LED lighting modules and those receiving power and/or data therefrom are act as slave modules.

Abstract: A fluorescent tube retrofit luminaire includes a lamp, a light guide, and a heat dissipating frame. The lamp may include a bi-pin base, middle structure, and outer structure, which may include a light-emitting diode (LED)-based light source in thermal communication with a finned heat sink section of the middle structure. Light emitted from the light source may be distributed generally along the length and/or width of the light guide. A bi-pin connector in the light guide may attach the luminaire to a first fluorescent socket. The bi-pin base may be received by a mounting aperture in the light guide before anchoring the luminaire to a second fluorescent socket using a pin-lock. The heat dissipating frame may be in thermal communication with both the light guide and the heat sink section of the lamp.

Abstract: An illumination device, system, and method are disclosed. The illumination device includes a heat sink having a depression or channel established therein. One or more light sources can be mounted in the depression or channel and when light is emitted by the one or more light sources, the light can be directed or shaped by the depression or channel.

Abstract: A lamp apparatus includes an apparatus body including a housing having a cap at one end side, and thermal conducting fins provided on an inner surface of the housing so as to extend from the one end side along the other end side thereof and project inward of the housing, a thermal radiation plate attached to the other end side of the housing in a state in which one surface side is in contact with the thermal conducting fins, a light-emitting body attached to the other surface side of the thermal radiation plate, and a lighting circuit disposed in the housing and configured to light the light-emitting body.

Abstract: The present invention provides a backlight module, which includes a backboard, a light bar mounted on the backboard, and a thermo-sensitive heat conduction material interposed between the backboard and the light bar. The thermo-sensitive heat conduction material functions to automatically adjust thermal conductivity coefficient with variation of temperature so that different portions of the light bar have different thermal conductivity coefficients in order to control the temperature of the whole light bar in a predetermined range to ensure desired performance of thermal conduction and further ensuring temperature uniformity of the whole backlight module and preventing the occurrence of luminance lowering of the whole backlight module due to excessive local high temperature.

Abstract: A cover and a lamp structure. The cover whose curvature has a light incident surface and a light outgoing surface, and includes a plurality of 3D micro-structures disposed thereon and arranged in the form of an array. When a light is emitted into the light outgoing surface from the light incident surface, the light emitting angle of the light outgoing surface is increased through the refraction of the 3D micro-structures, so that the occurrence of mura or spots due to uneven distribution of the light is avoid.

Abstract: Micro-channel-cooled UV curing systems and components thereof are provided. According to one embodiment, a lamp head module includes an optical macro-reflector, an array of LEDs and a micro-channel cooler assembly. The array is positioned within the reflector and has a high fill factor and a high aspect ratio. The array provides a high irradiance output beam pattern having a peak irradiance of greater than 25 W/cm2 at a work piece surface at least 1 mm away from an outer surface of a window of the reflector. The micro-channel cooler assembly maintains a substantially isothermal state among p-n junctions of the LEDs at less than or equal to 80° Celsius. The micro-channel cooler assembly also provides a common anode substrate for the array. A thermally efficient electrical connection is formed between the array and the common anode substrate by mounting the array to the micro-channel cooler assembly.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to light engines for use in lighting fixtures, such as troffer-style lighting fixtures. Light engines according to the present disclosure have integrated features that eliminate the need for additional components such as a Printed Circuit Board (PCB), a heat sink, a cover portion, a lens and/or a reflective element. Devices according to this disclosure can comprise a rigid body, conductive elements arranged into electrical pathways and light sources such as light emitting diodes (LEDs). Devices according to this disclosure can further comprise integrated cover, lens and/or reflective element features. Methods for the manufacture of such devices are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for an illumination system includes a linear metal heat sink with at least a first planar surface and a second planar surface. The first planar surface is positioned substantially nonplanar with the second planar surface, and at least a portion of the linear metal heat sink is designed for exposure to free air. A first plurality of light emitting diodes is attached on the first planar surface, and a second plurality of light emitting diodes is attached on the second planar surface.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to light engines for use in lighting fixtures, such as troffer-style lighting fixtures. Light engines according to the present disclosure have integrated features that eliminate the need for additional components such as a Printed Circuit Board (PCB), a heat sink, a cover portion, a lens and/or a reflective element. Devices according to this disclosure can comprise a rigid body, conductive elements arranged into electrical pathways and light sources such as light emitting diodes (LEDs). Devices according to this disclosure can further comprise integrated cover, lens and/or reflective element features. Methods for the manufacture of such devices are also disclosed.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to retrofit systems and methods for lighting installations, and in particular, to retrofit systems and methods used to retrofit troffer-style lighting installations with LED light sources. Retrofit systems can be used with different light fixtures, but those described are particularly adapted for use with troffer-style fixtures. These retrofit systems can provide the same amount of light as traditional light fixtures already do, for example 1600-4000 lumens or more. The retrofit systems can be used with many different light sources but are particularly well-suited for use with solid state light sources or light engines, such as those utilizing LEDs. Some embodiments of the present invention comprise a mechanical mounting system for installing an LED light engine within an existing lighting system housing or pan, such as a troffer pan, without penetrating the ceiling plenum.

Abstract: An illumination apparatus includes an elongate chassis, a plurality of light emitting devices, a plurality of lenses, an elongate populated board, an elongate holding member, and a heat radiation member. The chassis includes a supporting portion supporting the opposite, longer-side ends of the populated board and a first engagement portion fitting and securing the holding member to the chassis. The holding member includes a plurality of second engagement portions fitting and securing each lens to the holding member and a resilient biasing portion resiliently biasing the longer-side ends of the populated board toward the supporting portion. The populated board is pinched and secured by the resilient biasing portion and the supporting portion and the heat radiation member is sandwiched and thus secured by the populated board and a bottom wall in contact with the populated board and the bottom wall.

Abstract: The present invention provides an LED light bar and a backlight module using the LED light bar. The LED light bar includes a heat dissipation strip, a PCB mounted on the heat dissipation strip, LED chips mounted on the heat dissipation strip and electrically connected to the PCB, and a thermal interface material layer arranged between the LED chips and the heat dissipation strip. The LED light bar and the backlight module using the LED light bar according to the present invention arrange LED chips to be mounted to a heat dissipation strip that is of bettered thermal conduction performance to thereby avoid the conventional process of transferring terminal energy through a PCB that is of poor heat dissipation. The art is simple and the entire heat dissipation path is shortened to achieve excellent heat dissipation performance and thus ensure the quality of backlighting.

Abstract: A luminaire includes a single luminaire housing that includes thermally isolated light source and power control device compartments. At least one light source is disposed within the luminaire housing, and at least one power control device is disposed within a second, thermally isolated compartment. The light source and power control device compartments are separated by a chamber that includes a substantially nonconductive member, which prevents heat from the light source compartment from travelling to the power control device compartment. Thermally isolating the power control device from at least a portion of the heat generated by the light source allows the power control device to be disposed relatively close to the light source without becoming overheated and damaged. A hollow, threaded rod extends between and couples together the light source compartment and power control device compartment.

Abstract: The present disclosure involves a street light. The street light includes a base, a lamp post coupled to the base, and a lamp head coupled to the lamp post. The lamp head includes a housing and a plurality of LED light modules disposed within the housing. The LED light modules are separate and independent from each other. Each LED light module includes an array of LED that serve as light sources for the lamp. Each LED light module also includes a heat sink that is thermally coupled to the LED. The heat sink is operable to dissipate heat generated by the LED during operation. Each LED light module also includes a thermally conductive cover having a plurality of openings. Each LED is aligned with and disposed within a respective one of the openings.

Abstract: An improved light emitting diode (LED) illuminating assembly is provided with a multiple sided LED lighting bar, also referred to as a multi-sided LED light bar, comprising a non-curvilinear LED luminary for enhanced LED lighting. The LED illuminating assembly can be used for overhead ceiling lighting, menu boards and other LED illuminating signs, as well as for other uses.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus includes: a bulb; a heat sink unit disposed in an inner space of the bulb, and including an end wall portion and a sleeve portion; a light-emitting unit disposed on the heat sink unit and including a first circuit board disposed on the end wall portion, a second circuit board disposed around the sleeve portion, and a plurality of light-emitting elements; a heat insulating unit disposed at at least one of a position between the end wall portion and the first circuit board, and a position between the sleeve portion and the second circuit board; an annular seat coupled to the bulb; and an electrical connector coupled to the annular seat.

Abstract: The invention is a grow light with reflectors that serve to conceal a vacuum air flow system. The air flow system does not interfere with the reflectors, which enables the reflectors to more efficiently reflect light to the plants being grown.

Abstract: A light fixture includes a core member having a top end, a bottom end, and a body extending between the top and bottom ends. The core member includes a solid, single member or modular members. The body includes outer surfaces (“facets”) spaced along an outer perimeter thereof. Each facet can receive one or more light emitting diode (“LED”) packages in various different positions, with different electrical and other configurations. Heat pipes extending through the core member dissipate heat from the LEDs. Active cooling modules and/or fins may assist with this heat dissipation. The heat pipes and/or a separate elongated structure extending through the core member can secure the core member to the light fixture.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus is shown and described. In one aspect, the lighting apparatus includes a light source, a plate, and frame. The light source can include one or more lighting elements that are in thermal communication with the light source. The plate can have a dissipative portion extending outward from a point of thermal communication between the plate and the light source. The frame can at least partially enclose the light source and may also be in thermal communication therewith.

Abstract: A cooling unit is provided which cools effectively a plurality of heat sources which are accommodated within small-sized electronic equipment such as a projector. There is provided a cooling unit in which a plurality of base plates 81a, 130a are disposed adjacent closely to each other, each of the base plates 81a, 130a has flat plate-shaped radiating fin 81b, 130b which is erected on rear sides thereof, each of the radiating fin 81b, 130b erected on the base plates 81a, 130a has extending portions 81d, 130d which extends over the rear sides of the base plates 81a, 130a which are adjacent to each other, and one or a plurality of heat sources are heat connected to front sides of the base plates 81a, 130a.

Abstract: A light source includes a heat-dissipating plate, a heat-dissipating pin protruding from the heat-dissipating plate, a light emitting chip for emitting light, and a housing surrounding the light emitting chip, the housing having a receiving space spanning from a top surface to a bottom surface of the housing, wherein the heat-dissipating plate is disposed on the bottom surface of the housing, wherein the light emitting chip is disposed on the heat-dissipating plate exposed by the receiving space.

Abstract: A light emitting diode (LED) lamp includes a tube having a transparent first section and an opaque second section. An LED disposed inside of the tube. The second section is has an inner surface having a light diffusive surface so that the LED light is diffusively reflected. The LED is disposed so that a total amount of direct light from the LED to the first section is smaller than a total amount of indirect light that is incident on the first section as a result of being reflected by the second section (i.e., scattered or diffused light). The LED is disposed so that a light axis of the LED points toward the inner surface of the second section.