Abstract: A multi-segment display is disclosed. The multi-segment display includes substantially no hotspots and is substantially free of color discoloration that accompanies hotspots. The multi-segment display is configured for surface mounting. The multi-segment display is provided with a leadframe that fits into a package body thereby placing the light sources mounted on the leadframe in closer proximity to the encapsulant that fills vias of each segment.

Abstract: A signal assembly is provided that includes a chamber defined by isotropically luminant back and side surfaces, and a front surface having a lens and a diffuser. The signal assembly also includes LED light sources having a beam angle ?70° coupled to the back surface. The back and front surfaces are separated by a depth, and each source is located at a spacing from the other sources ?the depth divided by a predetermined factor. The predetermined factor may be set to approximately 2.5 or 2.0 when the divergence angle of the diffuser is ?20° or ?30°, respectively. The signal assembly and its components can be configured to operate as a vehicular signal lamp.

Abstract: The present invention is a lighting apparatus with adjustable light beam which includes an outer reflector, an inner optical element, a light source assembly, and a transparent mounting member. The light source assembly is movable between an upper position in which the light source is positioned close to the inner optical element lower end so that a majority of light from the light source exits the lighting apparatus directly via the inner optical element to attain a wide floodlight and a lower position in which the light source is positioned close to the outer reflector lower end so that in comparison with the upper position, a decreasing amount of light exits the lighting apparatus directly via the inner optical element, and an increasing amount of light exits the lighting apparatus via reflection from the outer reflector to attain a narrow beam.

Abstract: A linear light source device comprises a wiring substrate in a rectangular shape and a wiring pattern formed thereon, a plurality of light emitting elements arranged on the wiring substrate in a longitudinal direction of the wiring substrate and connected with the wiring pattern on the wiring substrate, reflectors, each of which includes two parts having slope surfaces on one side and the other side facing each other in the longitudinal direction of each light emitting element, and which are separated from each other on the wiring substrate corresponding to the light emitting elements, respectively; and a sealing resin sealing the light emitting elements by burying a recession portion defined by a surface of the wiring substrate where the light emitting elements are arranged and the two slope surfaces, wherein the two parts of each of reflectors have convex portions on their upper surfaces, respectively.

Abstract: A luminaire is provided, that includes a housing and a plurality of solid state light sources connected thereto. The housing has a top side, two lateral sides, a protrusion in the top side, and two light source mounting surfaces. The top side is diffusely reflecting and has opposing lateral edges and a center. The lateral sides are specularly reflecting and extend generally downward from the opposing lateral edges of the top side. Each has a respective bottom edge. The light source mounting surfaces extend laterally inward from the respective bottom edges. The plurality of solid state light sources is disposed along the pair of light source mounting surfaces proximate the pair of specularly reflecting lateral sides. These emit light, which travels upward to the top side and is also specuarly reflected by the lateral sides toward the top side. The top side diffusely reflects the light out of the luminaire.

Abstract: The present invention provides a side-edge backlight module, which includes a backplane, a light guide plate arranged inside the backplane, and a backlight source mounted to the backplane. The backlight source includes a circuit board and a plurality of LED lights mounted to the circuit board and electrically connected to the circuit board. The circuit board includes a mounting section and a bent section connected to the mounting section. The LED lights are mounted to the mounting section. The bent section is coupled to the backplane. The light guide plate is supported on the bent section. The side-edge backlight module of the present invention uses a MCPCB having a bent section to replace the conventional heat dissipation arrangement that attaches an MCPCB through thermal paste to an aluminum extrusion in order to improve the performance of heat dissipation and enhance the quality of backlight module.

Abstract: A low profile illuminated ATM surround is provided. The surround is used with ATMs which are mounted through a wall. The surround is attached to the wall, providing a broad illuminated advertising area around the ATM while maintaining a very low profile, allowing the surround to be used in locations where minimal space is available.

Abstract: A charging connection device includes a device connector configured to be coupled to a rechargeable electronic device, and a circuit board coupled to the connector and including charging circuitry and an associated light source, such as a light emitting diode (LED), thereon. A housing encloses the circuit board and includes a first end comprising a lens, with the connector extending from the first end. A touch switch, such as touch plates, is on the housing, coupled to the circuit board, and configured to activate the light source. A power source connector is coupled to the circuit board and associated with a second end of the housing. One of the touch plates and/or one side of the housing may include at least one opening therein to transmit light from the light source and indicate right-side-up.

Abstract: A lighting system and protection means are disclosed. In particular, a Zener diode with pre-selected characteristics is used in parallel with an LED such that current will continue to flow through the circuit in case of LED failure. This adaptation in turn may be used in a series string combination.

Abstract: A light emitting diode (“LED”) module with improved thermal characteristics is provided. The module includes an LED, a first circuit board, a second circuit board, a lower insulator, an upper insulator, a lower contact, upper contacts, and a heat sink. Preferably, the heat sink comprises an outer housing and a contact ring. The LED and the heat sink are attached to the first circuit board via solder. In addition to serving as a substrate for the LED, the first circuit board (which contains a plurality of thermally conductive layers connected by vias) facilitates the transfer of heat away from the LED to the heat sink. The module also has improved mechanical and electrical properties, including redundant electrical connections, stable mechanical connections, and a shock-absorbing lower contact. The lower insulator can also be configured to prevent misalignment of the power source with the lower contact when the module is used in a flashlight or other lighting device.

Abstract: A light module includes circuit board with a top and bottom side. Multiple light emitting diodes (LEDs) are positioned along the top side of the circuit board. A bottom side of a gas permeable layer of material having top and bottom sides is adhered to at least a portion of the top side of the circuit board. A pair of elongated double-sided adhesive strips are coupled to the top side of the gas-permeable material near opposing ends of the circuit board. An optical lenses is positioned over each of the LEDs. A cover panel is then positioned over the circuit board, the first layer of material, the adhesive strips and at least a portion of each optic and adhered to top side of each of the elongated adhesive strips. Each lens includes an optical cavity and a recessed area adjacent the optical cavity for receiving a reflector therein.

Abstract: An LED lead frame mounted on a platform of a lightbulb includes a metal polarity substrate, a metal retaining substrate and a casing for partially covering the metal polarity substrate and the metal retaining substrate. The metal retaining substrate is a sheet bent into a disposing portion and a carrying portion, and an included angle ?1 is defined between the portions, and an abutting surface of the disposing portion abuts the platform, and a portion of the carrying portion not covered by the casing is provided for installing at least one LED chip. The metal polarity substrate is bent to form an included angle ?2, and ?1=?2, and 93°??1?130°. The casing has a support member formed on the casing and protruded in a direction opposite to the direction of bending the metal retaining substrate. The LED lead frame enhances the illumination angle and light uniformity of the lightbulb.

Abstract: The embodiment of the utility patent discloses a LED matrix display screen, which comprises multiple horizontal circuit board and vertical circuit board. The multiple horizontal circuit board, equidistantly welded with LED beads, are equidistantly welded on the vertical circuit board. And the vertical circuit board is equipped with the controller which can control the LED lamps welded on the horizontal circuit board. The embodiment of the utility patent LED matrix display screen, through multiple arranged LED lamp, can better display different graphics. Moreover, each row of the LED lamps are equipped on the horizontal circuit board. Result from that it not only will be better to decrease the distance between every LED lamps and reduce the weight whole display screen, but also make it be easily partitioned in order to replace the parts of it and repair it.

Abstract: A luminaire having a body that includes a first portion and a second portion, the second portion including two or more apertures. At least one of the two or more apertures being sized to match a main lighting component, at least one other of the two or more apertures being sized to match a first function module, and at least another of the two or more apertures being sized to match a second function module. One of the first function module and the second function module is one of a motion detector, a camera, an air pollution sensor, and a communication unit.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a light emitting diode (LED) lighting fixture and methods of manufacturing the same. In various embodiments, the LED lighting fixture comprises a lighting fixture body and one or more luminaires. The one or more LED modules are operatively and securely fixed to the lighting fixture body. Each LED module comprises at least one LED, and a heat sink. The at least one LED is mounted within the LED module such that light emitted by the at least on LED is emitted in an upward direction. The heat sink is positioned such that at least a portion of the light emitted by the at least one LED is not incident upon the heat sink. Additionally, the heat sink is permanently fixed to the lighting fixture body.

Abstract: A light tube for producing light, which may be used in the light fittings, desk lamps, vehicle lights etc. The light tube comprises a plurality of segments arranged end to end along the end of the light tube. Each segment has a transparent or translucent rod 706 having two ends, a head spreader 703 by at least one of said ends and an LED 705 mounted to each heat spreader 703 for directing light laterally into the rod 706. The heat spreaders 703 are mounted to a metal jacket 702 for dissipating heat. The light tube further comprises one or more reflectors 708, 711 for reflecting light out of the light tube.

Abstract: A light bulb shaped lamp according to the present invention includes: a hollow globe; an LED module including a base platform and an LED chip mounted on the base platform, the LED module being provided in the globe; a lead wire for supplying power to the LED module; and a stem extending toward the interior of the globe, in which the base platform is directly fixed to the stem.

Abstract: An inductive light-source module including a casing, a substrate, light sources, a circuit board, an infrared sensing device, a bi-incident lens and a control unit is provided. The substrate disposed in the casing includes a carrying surface facing a transparent portion of the casing. The light sources connected to the substrate are disposed on the carrying surface. The infrared sensing device is connected to the circuit board. The bi-incident lens disposed on the transparent portion is located on a light path of each light for scattering visible lights to pass through the transparent portion and transmit to the outside, and converging the infrared from the outside to the infrared sensing device. The control unit is coupled to the light sources and the infrared sensing device to drive the light sources to emit the visible lights according to a sensing signal generated by the infrared sensing device when sensing the infrared.

Abstract: The present invention provides a LED lamp with high brightness, a uniform light-emitting surface and good heat dissipation. The LED lamp includes a LED strip and a cylindrical light guide body connected to the LED strip, wherein light emitted from the LED strip irradiates towards the light guide body and exits via the surface of the light guide body.

Abstract: A light lamp includes a light tube, a first holder and a first rotator. The first holder is mounted on a side of the light tube, and comprises a mounting space therein and two through holes in communication with the mounting space. The first rotator is movably received in the mounting space of the first holder between a first position and a second position, and comprises two electrodes extending from the through holes such that when the first rotator is in the first position, the electrodes are electrically connected to the light tube and when the first rotator is in the second position, the electrodes are electrically disconnected to the light tube.

Abstract: A cover for a recessed light fixture includes a base plate mounted on a surface such that an outer perimeter of the base plate surrounds the recessed light fixture. A lens frame is removably secured to the base plate. The lens frame includes a recess that receives an onyx lens that is sized and shaped to fit within the recess. The onyx lens is secured between a lens border of the lens frame and the outer perimeter of the base plate so that the onyx lens is positioned over the recessed light fixture. Light from a lamp within the recessed light fixture passes through the onyx lens and is emitted from a polished surface of the onyx lens to provide a pleasing decorative glow for illuminating a step or other passageway.

Abstract: A circuit board for a display apparatus includes a substrate, a plurality of light-emitting elements arranged substantially in a line on the substrate, and a plurality of branch lines connecting the light-emitting elements to each other in series. A first group of the plurality of branch lines is formed on a first side of the line of the plurality of light-emitting elements, and a second group of the plurality of branch lines is formed on a second, opposing side of the line of the plurality of light-emitting elements.

Abstract: A luminaire comprising a base, a heat sink modularly connected to the base, and a heat-generating element in thermal communication with the modular heat sink. The heat sink may include a heat-generating element contacting portion, and a plurality of heat sink segments connected to and extending outwardly therefrom. Each of the heat sink assemblies segments may comprise at least one fin assembly. Each heat sink segment may pass through a respective plurality of passageways in the top portion of the base so that the heat sink segments may matingly engage the medial portion of the base. A method for forming a heat sink comprises fabricating a heat-generating element contacting portion, constructing a plurality of heat sink segments, and assembling the plurality of heat sink segments to connect to and extend outwardly from the bottom surface of the heat-generating element contacting portion.

Abstract: An LED luminaire includes a thermal management system and features minimal glare while allowing for use of traditional luminaire housing. The luminaire of the depicted embodiments comprises a luminaire housing, an LED light module, an LED driver, a diffuser, and reflectors. The LED light module comprises at least one LED array, a primary thermal interface, and a secondary thermal interface. These thermal interfaces, particularly when used in conjunction with a conductive housing, allow for optimal thermal management by utilizing both natural convection and conduction to remove the heat from inside the luminaire into the surrounding air. Additionally, in certain embodiments, the position of the LED arrays within the housing in combination with the reflector design creates an optical path resulting in an indirect light source that minimizes glare, while providing a uniform distribution of light, unlike traditional LED luminaires.

Abstract: An LED light bulb includes a thermally conductive base and at least one LED assembly disposed on the base. The LED assembly includes at least one LED configured to emit light. A thermal optical diffuser defines an interior volume of the LED light bulb. The LED is arranged to emit light into the interior volume and through the thermal optical diffuser. The thermal optical diffuser extends from the base to a terminus on a light emitting side of the LED assembly. The thermal optical diffuser includes one or more openings. An array of optical elements is disposed within the interior volume and is configured to focus the emitted light toward the openings. The thermal optical diffuser and the array of optical elements are arranged to allow convective air flow between the interior volume of the thermal optical diffuser and ambient environment.

Abstract: A light guide module with adjustable lighting of a contour surface is composed of light sources and a light guide. The light guide is composed of a primary part, a Y-shaped branch, and a secondary part with a contour surface. The supporting surface of the Y-shaped branch of the light guide is composed of a system of directional optical elements, is of prismatic shape, conical shape, or a combination thereof, and has a vertex on the optical axis of the primary part of the light guide.

Abstract: Modulated light sources are described. A modulated light source may have first light sources that are configured to emit first light, which has first color components that occupy a range that is beyond one or more prescribed ranges of light wavelengths. The modulated light source may also have a light converter that is configured to be illuminated by the first light. The light converter converts the first light into second light. The second light has one or more second color components that are within the one or more prescribed ranges of light wavelengths. Strengths of the one or more second color components in the second light are monitored and regulated to produce a particular point within a specific color gamut.

Abstract: An LED element with a color light enhancement function is a two-terminal element for receiving a driving current to emit light and includes at least one blue LED chip, at least one red LED chip and a three-way compensator. The three-way compensator intercepts a driving current passing through the blue LED chip depending on a proportion value according to a change of working temperature and adjusts the amount of current flowing into the red LED chip. If the working temperature exceeds a default value, an input terminal of the three-way compensator is triggered to intercept the driving current and generate and output a set current to the red LED chip to compensate an attenuation of the red LED chip caused by high temperature. The LED element will not be changed its intensity after a prolonged period of usage.

Abstract: An LED light bulb includes a base, a light transmissive cover and upstanding light bars. The base is in electrical communication with a power source and has an axis and a periphery. The light transmissive cover is substantially mounted on the periphery. The upstanding light bars are mounted radially around the axis and located between the axis and the periphery. The upstanding light bars are arranged to substantially emit light inward to the axis.

Abstract: Apparatus for providing energy to a process chamber are provided herein. In one embodiment, the apparatus include a supporting substrate, a first plurality of solid state light sources disposed on a first surface of the supporting substrate, and a second plurality of solid state light sources disposed on the top surface of the supporting substrate, wherein the first and second plurality of solid state light sources are aligned and electrically isolated from each other, and the first plurality of solid state light sources is in physical contact with the second plurality of solid state light sources.

Abstract: An illuminated ornament is provided having an internally disposed support structure for mounting lighting elements within the ornament. In one aspect, the structure is a rod, hub and spoke arrangement in which the rod extends along an axis of the ornament with lighting elements being disposed at numerous locations along the axial positions on the rod and radial positions on the spokes. In another aspect, the ornament is divided into separate illuminated segments, each having its own lighting elements placed appropriately within each segment. In any arrangement, the goal of uniform ornament illumination and overall ornament color control is provided by proper placement of the LEDs on the support structures, possibly in combination with coloration of the ornament shell, color enhancement apparatus contained on the shell and/or in combination with external, electronic controlled access to the color display of the LEDs.

Abstract: An LED lighting device is provided, having a lamp housing and at least one LED module. The lamp housing has a lamp cover and a housing-type heat-dissipating lamp bracket that directly radiates the heat generated by the LED module. The housing-type heat-dissipating lamp bracket is entirely made of heat-dissipating material, and several radiating hole devices are set on the housing-type heat-dissipating lamp bracket. The radiating hole devices on the housing-type heat-dissipating lamp bracket and the gaps between the LED modules form a mutually-reinforcing thermal honeycomb effect, providing a heat dissipation channel with unhindered air convection. Radiating holes are set at the head and tail of the housing-type heat-dissipating lamp bracket. The radiating holes and the gaps between the modules enhance the heat-dissipating effect and enhance air convection, to improve heat dissipation from the lamp housing and provide improved heat dissipation effect for the entire lamp.

Abstract: A channel letter lighting system comprising a channel letter housing including a light transmissive face, a rear wall and at least one trim cap adapted to receive the light transmissive face and rear wall. A plurality of light emitting units within the channel letter housing and at least one optical element proximate the plurality of light emitting units, wherein the at least one optical element is configured to direct light emitted from the plurality of light emitting units in a direction away from the face and towards the rear wall or the opposing trim cap. The channel letter lighting system arranged to provide low profile channel letters.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a lighting and ventilating system including a main housing. The main housing can include an inlet through which air can be received within the main housing and an outlet through which the air can exit the main housing. A fan wheel can be supported in the main housing and it can be operable to generate a flow of air. A grille can be coupled to the main housing and the grille can comprise a plurality of apertures and a second set of illumination devices. The system further can include a lamp housing coupled to the grille, the lamp housing can include a first set of illumination devices. Also, a plate can be coupled to the grille so that the plate is adjacent to the second set of illumination devices.

Abstract: A replacement light tube for replacing a fluorescent light tube includes a bulb portion having a first end and a second end, a first end cap and a second end cap disposed at the first end and the second end, respectively, each configured to fit with a socket for the fluorescent light tube, a plurality of light emitting diodes disposed inside and extending between the first and second ends of the bulb portion, a pulse width modulator configured to receive power from a power source and modulate the received power to one of a first brightness level and a second brightness level, the second brightness level being different than the first brightness level and a current limiter comprising an inductive element coupled between the pulse width modulator and at least some of the plurality of light emitting diodes.

Abstract: A backlight device of the present invention includes: a chassis having a bottom plate; a plurality of LED substrates 25 that are rectangular and that are arranged such that one end face on the short side of the LED substrate 25 faces the short side of the bottom plate; LEDs arranged on the LED substrates 25; first through holes that go through the LED substrates 25; second through holes 42 that are disposed nearer the end face of the LED substrate 25 than the first through holes 41, that go through the LED substrates 25, and that are horizontally longer than the first through holes 41 along the long side direction of the LED substrates 25; plate-shaped through holes disposed in the bottom plate; and securing pins that have a size that enables the LED substrates 25 to be secured in the plate surface direction thereof by the securing pins going through the first through holes 41 and plate-shaped through holes, that secure the LED substrates 25 in the short side direction thereof by going through the second thro

Abstract: A reel backlight structure for a mechanical reel-type game includes an undifferentiated array of LED backlights. The rows of LEDs are closely spaced apart and may extend over an arc that encompasses both three vertical stop positions and four vertical stop positions. The LEDs are mounted on a flexible substrate that may be bent to match the radius of a reel strip and held in the desired radius with mounting attachment points.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for low-profile lighting systems. In one aspect, an LED-based light engine, which may be thinner and/or lighter than conventional light engines, may be retained in both conventionally-dimensioned and low-profile light fixtures. In another aspect, a light engine can include both convective and conductive heat transfer components, the efficacy of which will vary based on the dimensions of a light fixture in which the light engine is installed.

Abstract: An LED-based light source for generating light having a selected dominant wavelength ?ds comprises a package housing a plurality of LEDs consisting of LEDs from first and second wavelength bins. The first wavelength bin comprises LEDs having a dominant wavelength ?d1 that is within a first wavelength range and the second wavelength bin comprises LEDs having a dominant wavelength ?d2 that is within a second wavelength range. The first wavelength bin can comprise LEDs having a dominant wavelength that is shorter than the selected dominant wavelength while the second wavelength bin comprises LEDs having a dominant wavelength that is longer than the selected dominant wavelength. The wavelength bins and number of LEDs are selected such that in operation the dominant wavelength of the combined light emitted by the source is the selected dominant wavelength. Lighting arrangements and light emitting devices incorporating such light sources are disclosed.

Abstract: A backlight device (20) is combined with a display device (10) that has a display panel (11), such as a liquid crystal panel. The backlight device includes a chassis (21), a light guide plate (22) and optical sheets (23) arranged on the rear surface of the display panel (11), and an LED package (24) that illuminates an edge face of the light guide plate. A light reflecting face formed of a material that has silver as a main component is provided in the LED package. An adsorbing material (30) that adsorbs gas such as halogen gas and hydrogen sulfide, which have characteristics that lower the reflectance of silver, is coated onto a substrate (25) on which the LED package is mounted.

Abstract: A recessed light fixture includes an LED module, which includes a single LED package that is configured to generate all light emitted by the recessed light fixture. For example, the LED package can include multiple LEDs mounted to a common substrate. The LED package can be coupled to a heat sink for dissipating heat from the LEDs. The heat sink can include a core member from which fins extend. Each fin can include one or more straight and/or curved portions. A reflector housing may be coupled to the heat sink and configured to receive a reflector. The reflector can have any geometry, such as a bell-shaped geometry including two radii of curvature that join together at an inflection point. An optic coupler can be coupled to the reflector housing and configured to cover electrical connections at the substrate and to guide light emitted by the LED package.

Abstract: A heat sink comprises skived fins and a base. The base has a first side and a second side. The skived fins are disposed on the first side, and at least one semiconductor device is mounted on the second side. The base has at least one channel for gas flow between the first side and the second side. The skived fins are formed by skiving segments from at least one layer of an alloy. The skived fins have one or more of the following patterns: a wavy skived pattern; a triangular skived pattern; and a block skived pattern.

Abstract: An omnidirectional LED bulb has a base, a light-transmitting shell, a heat-dissipating pillar and an LED module. The light-transmitting shell is mounted on the base and has a lateral surface and a top surface. The heat-dissipating pillar is mounted on the base and has multiple mounting surfaces facing toward the lateral surface and the top surface of the light-transmitting shell. The LED module is mounted on the mounting surfaces of the heat-dissipating pillar. The LED module emits light through the lateral surface and the top surface of the light-transmitting shell to form an omnidirectional illumination.

Abstract: A flexible circuit assembly for accommodating a plurality of power electronic devices, including an insulating cover layer having first openings for power electronic devices, a flexible conductive layer arranged under the insulating cover layer and attached with a first adhesive to the insulating cover layer, an intermediate insulating layer arranged under the flexible conductive layer and attached with a second adhesive to the flexible conductive layer, the intermediate insulating layer having second openings, a plurality of heat-conductive elements arranged inside the second openings, a first thin heat sink layer, the heat-conductive elements arranged to be in contact with an upper surface of the thin heat sink layer and the lower surface of the islands via heat-conductive material; and a second thin heat sink layer, upper surfaces of the power electronic devices arranged to be in contact with a lower surface of the thin heat sink layer and the lower surface of the islands via heat-conductive material.

Abstract: A multiple surface LED light has at least a first surface on which LED elements are arranged to provide an illumination function and at least one other surface arranged to provide other desired functions, performances, and/or features. The said LED light has a frame or housing, and an opening that allows the exposed one of the first and other r surfaces to be changed when external force is applied to the LED light.

Abstract: A self-ballasted lamp includes: a base body; a light-emitting module and a globe which are provided at one end side of the base body; a cap provided at the other end side of the base body; and a lighting circuit housed between the base body and the cap. The light-emitting module has light-emitting portions each using a semiconductor light-emitting element, and a support portion projected at one end side of the base body, and the light-emitting portions are disposed at least on a circumferential surface of the support portion. A light-transmissive member is interposed between the light-emitting module and an inner face of the globe.

Abstract: An assembly of LED luminaires is distributed at a sports venue, includes key, back, and fill light sources in such a way as to provide modeling within a significant portion of the playing area of the sports venue, uses beam types narrower than previously used, and achieves efficiencies higher than previously attained, while also reducing glare and spill light.

Abstract: A LED tube lamp includes a heat sink, a LED substrate, a pair of connectors, and a cover fixed to the heat sink. The cover includes a first cover and a second cover, at least one optical lens is arranged on the first cover, the at least one optical lens comprises a concave lens and reflective lenses arranged on both sides of the concave lens. The concave lens is configured to refract light beams from the LEDs in a forward direction or in an approximate forward direction, the reflective lenses are configured to reflect light beams from the LEDs in a lateral direction. After the light beams are refracted by the optical lens, the light divergence angle of the LED tube lamp is increased.

Abstract: A solid state illumination system is provided as a replacement for conventional arc light, metal halide and Xenon light sources for applications in microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and endoscopy. The illumination system includes hybrid optical and electrical control of output intensity in which the light output of one or more of the light sources is attenuated optically such that it is not necessary to reduce the electrical drive power/current of the LEDs at a level where the spectral power distribution is variable. One or more fixed, selectable, or variable neutral density filters is interposed in the output beam of one or more sources to achieve optical attenuation of the light output. The hybrid optical and electrical control of output intensity allows greater dynamic range of intensity to be achieved than could be achieved with electrical control of the LEDs alone while maintaining the desired spectral power distribution.

Abstract: The invention relates to a calibration radiation source comprising the following: a housing (2) having an opening (12), a board (22) held in the housing (2), a semiconductor radiation source (18) mounted on the board (22) for generating a light beam, and an exit opening support element (14) having, in the area of the opening (12), a light exit opening (15) through which the light beam radiates outwards from the housing (2). The exit opening support element (14) is decoupled from the housing (2), and is attached to the board (22) of the semiconductor radiation source (18).