Abstract: An optical lens having an optical axis includes a main body. The main body includes a light-incident part, a first light-emitting part and a second light-emitting part. The light-incident part includes a bottom surface and a reflecting surface. The bottom surface has a recess. The reflecting surface is physically connected to the bottom surface and the distance located between the reflecting surface and the optical axis is increased when the reflecting surface is gradually close to the bottom surface. The first light emitting-part is physically connected to the reflecting surface and has a top surface. The top surface is gradually close to the bottom surface when the top surface is close to the optical axis. The second light-emitting surface is physically connected to the top surface and substantially located above the recess.

Abstract: An optical assembly includes a light source and an optical element. The light source generates light where the color of the light varies based on the direction the light is emitted from the light source. The optical element is positioned transverse to the optical axis and is configured to mix the light. The color of the light mixed by the optical element is substantially independent of the direction at which the light emanates from the optical element.

Abstract: A vehicle light can include an optical system for controlling a light distribution pattern, and the optical system is a light guide (being a lens body having an inner reflecting surface). The vehicle light can project illumination light with a low bean light distribution pattern. The vehicle light can include an LED light source and a lens body serving as a light guide. The lens body can include a light incident surface, a reflecting surface, and a light exiting surface. The LED light source can have a rearmost end light emitting point from which light beams are emitted to form a bright-dark boundary line.

Abstract: A lens for directing light from a light emitter in a preferential-side off-axial direction with respect to the emitter axis. The lens includes an emitter-adjacent base end forming an opening, an inner surface extending from the base end and forming a void, an output-end surface configured to direct light toward the preferential side, and an outer lateral surface configured for TIR to direct light toward the output-end surface, whereby substantially all light from the emitter exits the output-surface predominantly toward the preferential side. Another aspect of this invention is a recessed lighting fixture utilizing the inventive lens.

Abstract: A folded circularly symmetric illumination optic comprising a first light transfer mode having a first central refractive surface and a second central refractive surface, wherein one of the first and second central refractive surfaces has at least one peened feature; a second light transfer mode having a first refractive surface, a first TIR surface, a second TIR surface and a second refractive surface; a third light transfer mode having a first refractive surface, a first TIR surface and a second refractive surface, wherein the first TIR surface has at least one peening feature, and wherein the second refractive surface is conical; wherein the first TIR surface and second refractive surface of the second light transfer mode is coincident at least one point, wherein the second refractive surface of the third light transfer mode is coincident with the first TIR surface and second refractive surface of the second light transfer mode.

Abstract: A light emitting diode (LED) optical system. Implementations disclosed in this document may include two or more LEDs coupled with a circuit board and two or more optics. The two or more optics may each include a first end and a second end where the second end opposes the first end and a first optical stage including the first end. A second optical stage may be included that includes the second end. The first optical stage may include a total internal reflector and the second optical stage may include an upper reflector portion located at the second end. The two or more optics may be coupled over the two or more LEDs at their first ends and the two or more optics may be coupled to each other along a portion of their first optical stages and at their second optical stages.

Abstract: A shaped optical prism structure for mounting on an upward light-outgoing surface of a street light or wall lamp to change the direction of light through about 360 o by means of a recessed flat incident surface, a recessed primary full-reflection surface and a curved light-distribution surface formed of a series of sloping surfaces and to enable the light to be projected onto the floor.

Abstract: A light directing composite film includes a planar top major surface, a planar bottom major surface, a plurality of lenticular lens elements disposed between the top major surface and the bottom major surface, and a plurality of light reflection regions and light transmission regions disposed between the plurality of lenticular lens and the planar bottom major surface.

Abstract: An optical system is disclosed that uses an LED light source. The light output is coupled to an optic element formed from a material with a high refractive index. The coupling of the light to the high index material significantly reduces the cone angle of the light. The system is very efficient in that nearly all the light generated by the LED is directed to the intended subject.

Abstract: A light harvesting lens module for collecting an ambient light includes a plurality of annular lenses. The annular lenses are arranged in order from center to outside to form a disc-structure. Each annular lens has a light-input curved surface and a light-output curved surface. The light-input curved surface is in opposition to the center. The light-output curved surface is in opposition to the light-input curved surface, and faces the center. The light is incident on the light-input curved surface, and is refracted and tend to concentrate by the light-input curved surface. Then, the light is emitted from the annular lens, and is refracted to the direction of the center by the light-output curved surface. The ambient light is able to be compressed into a point light by the lens module, so as to increase the concentration ratio and the compression ratio to further get the effective advantage.

Abstract: A vehicle headlamp includes a light emitting device disposed adjacent to a base point on an optical axis extending in a front-rear direction of the vehicle headlamp, and a transparent member disposed in front of the light emitting device. The light emitting device has a light emitting surface arranged to face forward. The transparent member is configured such that light emitted by the light emitting device enters the transparent member and is internally reflected by a front surface of the transparent member, and such that the light reflected by the front surface is internally reflected again by a rear surface of the transparent member and emitted from the front surface of the transparent member. The rear surface of the transparent member is configured to form horizontal and oblique cutoff lines.

Abstract: A brightness enhancement film including a light transmissive substrate, convex lens portions, concave lens portions, and a reflective layer is provided. The light transmissive substrate has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface. The convex lens portions are disposed on the first surface. Each of the convex lens portions has a curved convex surface facing away from the light transmissive substrate. The concave lens portions are disposed on the first surface. The convex lens portions and the concave lens portions are alternately arranged. Each of the concave lens portions has a curved concave surface facing away from the light transmissive substrate. A wavy continuous curve surface is formed by the curved convex surfaces and the curved concave surfaces. The reflective layer is disposed on the second surface and has light passing openings respectively on the optical axes of the convex lens portions.

Abstract: Certain example embodiments relate to improved lighting systems and/or methods of making the same. In certain example embodiments, a lighting system includes a glass substrate with one or more apertures. An LED or other light source is disposed at one end of the aperture such that light from the LED directed through the aperture of the glass substrate exits the opposite end of the aperture. Inner surfaces of the aperture have a mirroring material such as silver to reflect the emitted light from the LED. In certain example embodiments, a remote phosphor article or layer is disposed opposite the LED at the other end of the aperture. In certain example embodiment, a lens is disposed in the aperture, between the remote phosphor article and the LED.

Abstract: A light fixture with coextruded components is disclosed. Embodiments of the present invention provide a solid-state light fixture suitable for use in commercial environments. A light fixture according to example embodiments of the invention includes an LED light source and a coextruded optical assembly. In some embodiments, the reflector portion of the assembly includes a thin skin of reflective material. In some embodiments, the assembly includes an interlocking mechanical interface between the reflector and lens portions of the assembly. In some embodiments, the lens portion of the assembly includes two lens plates. In some embodiments, a longer fixture can be assembled by using two, coextruded portions of an optical assembly, where these portions are adapted to be joined end-to-end. Reinforcing members can be used in the reflector and lens assembly.

Abstract: A lens for distribution of light predominantly toward a preferential side from a light emitter having an emitter axis and defining an emitter plane. The lens has an emitter-adjacent base end forming an emitter-receiving opening to an emitter-surrounding cavity defined by an inner surface which includes a front sector centered on the preferential side and a back sector centered on the non-preferential side radially opposite the preferential side. The front and back sectors differ in their respective configurations for refracting light from the emitter. The lens further includes an primary back surface positioned to receive light from at least a portion of the inner-surface back sector and configured for total internal reflection (TIR) thereof. The inner-surface back sector and the primary back surface extend along substantially elliptical cross-sections in planes substantially parallel to the emitter plane.

Abstract: An illumination optical system includes a prism disposed on an incident optical axis and a lens that is disposed between the light source and an incident surface of the prism or between an emitting surface of the prism and an illuminated object, at least one of the reflection surfaces being a transmission/reflection surface. Additionally, an illumination optical system includes a prism having a surface that is disposed so as to obliquely intersect with an incident optical system, that transmits a part of the entering light to be emitted therefrom, and that deflects at least part of the rest of the light in a direction that intersects with the incident optical axis to be emitted therefrom. Furthermore, an illumination optical system has a rod lens that is disposed so that a longitudinal direction thereof is inclined with respect to an incident optical axis is provided.

Abstract: A light guide comprising an external surface forming a guiding diopter, the guide being suitable for guiding light rays by reflection on the guiding diopter. The guide comprises at least one decoupling portion, with a refraction decoupling diopter arranged so as to refract light rays to decouple them from the guide, and thus transmit them out of the guide through the refraction decoupling diopter.

Abstract: Illumination lenses (1806, 1902, 2002, 2100, 2200, 2300, 2400, 2500, 2600, 2700, 2800, 3006, 3100) having surfaces shaped according to given differential equations in order to distribute light in a highly controlled manner with minimum reflection losses are provided. Both primary lenses and secondary lenses are provided. The secondary lenses include outer surfaces that are defined as loci of constant optical distance from an origin at which a light source is located. Versions are provided of both the primary and secondary lenses having Total Internal Reflection (TIR) wings. These are useful in the case that narrower distributions of light are required. A method of refining the shape of the lenses to obtain more obtain lenses that produce better fidelity ideal light distributions is also provided.

Abstract: A light projection apparatus that can produce an elongate light projection pattern is provided. The light projection apparatus includes a fluorescent member which is excited with exciting light and a light projecting member which reflects or transmits the light emanating from the fluorescent member to project it outside. The fluorescent member includes an irradiated region which is irradiated with the exciting light, and the length of the irradiated region in a first direction is greater than its length in a second direction.

Abstract: A light emitting device assembly includes: a light emitting device; and a light output member provided on the light emitting element and having an upper surface on which a curved part that outputs light from the light emitting device is provided, wherein a value of a x coordinate of a curved part center axis is a positive value, a locus of an edge of a curved part forms a circle or oval around the curved part center axis, light on a Z-axis output from an origin is output from the curved part at an angle ?0 (?0>0) formed with the Z-axis within a XZ-plane, and function F(?,??) expressed by F(?,??)=(??+??????(1) monotonously increases, takes the maximum value at ?=?0 (<0), and then, monotonously decreases as a value of ? increases from the minimum value.

Abstract: In a variable shaped lamp shade of an LED lamp, the lamp shade is made of a translucent material matched with an LED lamp strip and a lamp holder and includes at least one strip-shaped optical refraction unit having an external refractive surface, an internal refractive surface corresponding to the external refractive surface, and an assembling structure for matching the lamp holder. The external refractive surface or internal refractive surface is a curved surface without an inflection point and the curved surface has a constant or gradually changing curvature; and a non-curved surface is formed on the other side. The variable shaped lamp overcomes the problems of conventional LED lamp strips having a low illumination and a non-uniform illumination caused by a direct projection or an installation of a conventional lamp shade, and a low light utility caused by a too-large illumination range.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a light collector for collecting light emitted by a light source and converting the collected light into a light beam. The light collector comprises a central lens part aligned along an optical axis of the light source where the central lens comprises a central entrance surface and a central exit surface. The light collector also has a peripheral lens part surrounding at least of part of the central lens. The peripheral lens comprises a peripheral entrance surface, a peripheral reflection surface and a peripheral exit surface. The central lens further comprises an extension part positioned between the central entry surface and the central exit surface and protrudes from the peripheral exit surface and elevates the central exit surface a distance above the peripheral exit surface.

Abstract: A table lamp has a lamp stand, an adjusting arm, a lamp head and an anti-glare lens. The anti-glare lens is mounted on the lamp head and has a body. The body has a bottom, a light entering concave face, a light source region, a total reflection face and a light ejecting convex face. The bottom has a zero axis to divide the bottom equally. The light entering concave face is formed in the body. The light source region is formed in the body. The total reflection face is obliquely formed on and protrudes from the body and is formed with the bottom of the body. An angle between the zero axis and the total reflection face is between 90 and 180 degrees. The light ejecting convex face is formed on the body, is formed with the total reflection face and has at least one curvature.

Abstract: An illumination lens for hemispherically emitting light emitting diodes is disclosed that produces a square illumination pattern too narrow for a refractive lens to produce by itself. The lens is freeform in that it departs from circular symmetry in order to produce a square pattern. It is catadioptric in that it comprises a central refractive lens with a square output of desired angular width and a surrounding TIR prism that produces the same square output, overlapping the first for better uniformity of the sum. The central lens and circumambient TIR prism are joined in a monolithic configuration suitable for injection molding. Vector equations are disclosed for generating the shapes of the five optically active surfaces of the invention, two internal surfaces forming a central cavity surrounding the LED and three external surfaces, all five departing from circular symmetry.

Abstract: This invention discloses a light-emitting device. The light-emitting device includes a light-guiding member and an LED light source. The light-guiding member includes a reflection surface, a first refraction surface, and a second refraction surface. A first part of light emitted from the LED light source is reflected by the reflection surface and refracted by the first refraction surface to form a first virtual image in the light-guiding member. Moreover, a second part of light emitted from the LED light source is reflected by the reflection surface and refracted by the second refraction surface to form a second virtual image in the light-guiding member.

Abstract: A luminaire providing wide angle up lighting using light wells is provided. The luminaire can include a frame having a center plate and side walls. LED modules can be disposed adjacent to opposite side walls such that the LED modules are oriented towards each other. The luminaire can include light wells positioned over each of the LED modules such that light emitted by the LED modules may be reflected within the light wells until it is transmitted by a lens region of the light well at a wide angle relative to the nadir of the luminaire. The light wells can include reflective layers disposed on all surfaces surrounding the LED modules, and a transmittance lens region through which light, emitted by the LED modules as point sources, can exit the fixture as a surface of light. Light emitted by LED modules and light wells disposed on opposite sides of the luminaire can provide a bat wing distribution of up light.

Abstract: A backlight unit for a liquid crystal display panel includes a diffusor that diffuses light emitted from a front surface thereof, a reflective plate that reflects light toward a rear surface of the diffusor; and a collimator that collimates the light emitted from the front surface of the diffusor toward the liquid crystal display panel. The collimator includes a base layer that refracts the diffused light from the diffusor toward the liquid crystal panel, a collimating layer of lenses disposed along two perpendicular directions on a front surface of the base layer, and a reflective pattern on a rear surface of the base layer along a boundary of each of the lenses, the reflective pattern exposing an aperture portion of the base layer facing each of the lenses.

Abstract: A wavelength converting member radiates light having a wavelength different from that of laser light introduced into the wavelength converting member. The wavelength converting member has a phosphor layer that contains a phosphor therein. The phosphor layer has a laser light incidence surface capable of receiving the laser light. The wavelength converting member also has a high-refractive layer that is bonded to an opposite surface of the phosphor layer to the laser light incidence surface thereof. A refractive index of the high-refractive layer is higher than a refractive index of the phosphor layer. The high-refractive layer has concaves on at least either the bonding surface where the high-refractive layer is bonded to the phosphor layer or a light extraction surface that is opposite the bonding surface.

Abstract: An illumination device includes an active layer, such as a blue LED, covered with a first luminescent ceramic converter layer and partially covered with a second luminescent ceramic converter layer. The first and second conversion layers convert primary photons emitted by the active layer into photons of different, longer wavelengths. The color point of the illumination device can be adjusted by adjusting the relative size of the second conversion layer.

Abstract: A lens has an optical body member with a first end, a second end, and an outer surface, the outer surface being shaped to provide total internal reflection. The optical body member further has an interior open channel extending longitudinally from the first end to the second end thereof. The optical body member further has a plurality of refractive surface regions disposed in the second end thereof and around the second opening of the interior open channel. The optical body member also has a plurality of protrusions extending from the first end of the optical body member. The protrusions are disposed circumferentially around the first opening of the interior open channel and are arranged to center the optical body member and to maintain the optical body member at a predetermined position with respect to the light source. In a light apparatus having an LED emitter disposed on a substrate, the protrusions can fit into notches in the substrate.

Abstract: An exemplary lens includes a first light incident surface, a second light incident surface, a reflecting surface, a first light emitting surface and a second light emitting surface. The second light incident surface is connected with the first light incident surface. The first and the second light incident surfaces cooperatively define a receiving space therebetween. The receiving space is configured for accommodating the point light source. The reflecting surface is connected with the second light emitting surface. The first light emitting surface is opposite to the first light incident surface. Light entering the lens through the first light incident surface exits from the first light emitting surface. The second light emitting surface is connected between the first light emitting surface and the reflecting surface. Light entering the lens through second light incident surface is reflected from the reflecting surface to the second light emitting surface to exit the lens.

Abstract: A condensing element, array, and methods thereof include a bowl-shaped outer section and a lens-shaped inner section. The outer section provides substantially total internal reflection of light entering at an input surface of the outer section. The inner section is recessed within the outer section at a distance from the entering light that is within the focal position of the inner section. The outer and inner sections are configured in a preferred embodiment so that substantially all the light exiting the condensing element is substantially parallel to the optical axis of the entering light. In an alternate embodiment, the configuration of the condensing element can be modified to selectively adjust the desired degree of collimation of the exiting light.

Abstract: The present invention relates to warm white light engines including combinations of blue, cyan, and red, red-orange, or amber emitters and one or more phosphors that produce a white light pleasing to the human eye through the use of improved color uniformity and improved collimation of light. Specifically, a micro-lenslet array having an optimized surface is used to disperse light from the light emitter; an innercollimation lens having an optimized cross-sectional shape and micro-ridges is used to disperse light; a TIR reflector having an optimized cross-sectional shape and micro-ridges is used to disperse and redistribute phase as well as provide collimation; and a final micro-lenslet layer includes optimized lenslet design placement and randomization factor to homogenize light to produce a uniform warm white light.

Abstract: A TIRing condensing element and methods thereof includes a first section and a second section. The first section provides substantially total internal reflection of light entering at a base of the first section. The second section tapers from a first section towards an optical axis of the element extending through the second section to output light from the first section. The first and second sections are configured so a half-power angle of the light output from the second section is less than the half-power angle of the light entering the first section.

Abstract: A plate-shaped lens member has concentric annular prisms each including an inner annular surface divided from a light-entrance surface of a conventional TIR lens and an outer annular surface divided from a light-reflection surface of the TIR lens in which the light-entrance surface has a concave shape provided in a lower portion of the TIR lens and the light-reflection surface has a convex shape positioned at a peripheral side of the TIR lens to surround the light-entrance surface. The light-entrance surface and light-reflection surface of the bulky TIR lens are Fresnel-ized or divided into a set of concentric annular prisms on a surface of the plate-shaped lens member and positions of divided portions from the TIR lens are efficiently arranged on the surface of the plate-shaped lens member.

Abstract: A housing includes a housing underpart, the housing underpart being provided with a housing cavity. The housing cavity comprises an opening on one housing side and, on the floor of the cavity, contains an electromagnetic radiation emitting semiconductor chip. A cover that is at least partially transparent to the electromagnetic radiation covers the housing cavity. A method for emitting electromagnetic radiation in a preferred direction is also disclosed.

Abstract: In a direct type point light source backlight using point light sources, a light diffuser is provided that can achieve coexistence of superior luminance, luminance uniformity (front and oblique views), and a color unevenness characteristic even with a desired backlight thickness and a few number of point light sources without using a number of optical films together. Specifically, provided is a light diffuser for point light sources, the light diffuser having a plurality of convex portions formed on a surface thereof, wherein the convex portion has a substantially triangular pyramid shape whose bottom surface is a triangle, and an inclined angle ? with respect to a bottom surface of a side surface of the substantially triangular pyramid shape and a refractive index A of a material forming the convex portion satisfy the following equations (1) and (2). ???40 A°+115.2°??(1) ??25 A°+22.

Abstract: A layered dimmer formed of different layers. The front layer may be a scattering layer, and the back layer may be a reflective layer. The light beam is scattered prior to reflecting, to avoid reflection back to form hotspots.

Abstract: An optical lens module includes a lens body and a transflective unit. The lens body has a central axis, and has an incident surface, a refractive surface and a side refractive surface. The refractive surface includes a refractive arc-surface and at least one auxiliary refractive surface on the side of the refractive arc-surface. The transflective unit covers the refractive surface. The light incident on the refractive surface is diverged away from the central axis and the diverged light on the transflective unit is partially through the transflective unit and partially reflected to travel out of the lens body through the side refractive surface. The light incident on the transflective unit is reflected to travel out of the lens body through the side refractive surface. The light incident on the side refractive surface is refracted out of the lens body through the side refractive surface.

Abstract: A light emitting diode (LED) unit having a lens is disclosed. The lens comprises a base, the base comprising a bottom face configured to a light incident face for light entering the lens, and a top face; a first member and a second member, wherein the first and second members curve outward from the top face of the base, wherein the first member comprises a first light emergent face, the first light emergent face has a Fresnel lens surface curved outward from the top face, and light emitted from the first light emergent face illuminates areas far away from the lens, and wherein the second member comprises a second light emergent face, the second light emergent face has a rough surface finish, the second light emergent face is at first angle from the top face, and light emitted from the second light emergent face illuminates areas near the lens.

Abstract: A troffer-style fixture. The fixture is particularly well-suited for use with solid state light sources. The troffer comprises a light engine unit surrounded by a reflective pan. An elongated heat sink comprises a mount surface for light sources. An elongated lens is mounted on or above the heat sink. The mount surface is designed to accommodate the light emitters which may come on prefabricated a light strip. One or more reflectors extend out away from the heat sink on the mount surface side. A lens plate is mounted to proximate to the heat sink and extends out to the edge of the reflector(s). An interior cavity is at least partially defined by the reflector(s), the lens plates, and the heat sink. One or more light sources disposed along the heat sink mount surface emit light into the interior cavity where it can be mixed and/or shaped before it is emitted.

Abstract: An illumination device for visual inspection includes: a transmissive reflector plate that is formed of a light transmitting material, has an opening in a center, assumes a dome shape, a radius of which is gradually expanded downward with a center axis of the opening set as a center, and has a lower surface formed of a reflecting surface on which fine unevenness for diffusing and reflecting light from below is formed and an upper surface located on an opposite side of the lower surface; first, second, and third light source units that irradiate light on an inspection object, the first, second, and third light source units being provided on the upper surface of the transmissive reflector plate and arranged in a place below the opening and passing the center axis; and a fourth light source unit that irradiates light on the inspection object and being provided below the transmissive reflector plate.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus includes a light source having a plurality of light-emitting-diodes and a lens assembly with a lens and a lens holder. The lens includes a body member having an outer surface shaped to provide total internal reflection and an interior open channel extending longitudinally through the body member. The body member has a first end region for accommodating the light source and a second end region that includes a plurality of refractive surface regions positioned around the open channel. The lens holder has a concave interior surface shaped to accommodate the optical body member of the lens and a convex exterior surface. The holder has multiple clips for securing the lens and three or more support members extending from the exterior surface toward the first end.

Abstract: A lens assembly has a lens and a holder. The lens has an optical body member having a first end, a second end, and an outer surface. The outer surface is shaped to provide total internal reflection. The optical body member also has an interior open channel extending longitudinally from the first end to the second end thereof. The second end includes a peripheral flange that is free of curved refractive surface regions and has one or more index regions and one or more notches formed therein. The holder is a substantially cylindrical support member having a hollow interior region shaped to accommodate the optical body member. The holder also has a top rim region having one or more slots for receiving the index regions of the optical body member and one or more snap clips for fitting to the notches of the peripheral flange region of the optical body member.

Abstract: A method for constructing a lamp for radiating a warning signal within a desired polar angular range around a mean polar direction includes the steps of fixing a base body at a mounting location, arranging each of an annular support element having an annular reflector, an inner and an outer annular optical system concentrically around a lamp axis to form an optical arrangement and arranging a plurality of lighting elements on the annular support element in an annular distribution around the lamp axis. The annular reflector, inner annular optical system and outer annular optical system and portions thereof are shaped to reflect and/or direct light radiated by the plurality of lighting elements in such a manner that light emerges from the outer annular optical system in a direction within the desired polar angular range around the mean polar direction.

Abstract: The present invention provides an illumination lens which suppresses a change of an illuminance distribution following a change of an arrangement position of a light source with respect to the illumination lens. A reflection surface and emission surface of the illumination lens are configured to refract and emit, in the emission surface, second illumination light and third illumination light with refracting power of different signs. By changing an illuminance distribution of third illumination light to cancel the change of an illuminance distribution of the second illumination light when a light source is moved, it is possible to suppress the change of the illuminance distribution small even when the light source is moved back and forth.

Abstract: A light emitting module used in a vehicle headlamp is provided with a light source having a light emitting plane directing toward a front side of a lighting unit, a projection lens disposed ahead of the light source, and a reflecting plane extending in an oblique and forward direction from a side of the light source. The projection lens is disposed by setting a focal point in a vicinity of a lower side of the light emitting plane. The reflecting plane has a structure so that a light emitted from the light source is reflected toward a lower region from a cut line.

Abstract: In a lens unit (11), a support pin (12) is continuous with around, for example, a surface vertex (21T) on the lens surface (21S) of the lens (21). As with the lens (21), the support pin (12) is formed of a transparent material, and an end (12M) is connected to part of the lens surface (21S), and a tip end (12P) extends to the side of a liquid crystal display panel (59).

Abstract: Conventional methods using two optical waveguide members are disadvantageous in cost because they require two optical waveguide members and pairs of their associated components. A linear lighting apparatus includes a rod-like optical waveguide member (100) formed by a transparent material, a light source placed near an end face of the optical waveguide member (100) in the longitudinal direction, and a light exit surface (101) formed on at least part of the optical waveguide member (100) in the longitudinal direction. A cross section of the optical waveguide member in the widthwise direction has a plurality of reflecting areas (102, 103) at positions to face a light exit surface (101) and a barrier (106) at a boundary portion between the reflecting areas (102, 103).

Abstract: A high-power light-emitting diode (LED) lamp has a plurality of units. Each unit includes an LED die and a thermo-electric cooling device coupled to the LED die. A power source supplies a fixed current to the thermo-electric cooling device wherein the fixed current is based on heat generated by the LED die in normal operation. Accordingly, the unit operates without a controller.