Abstract: An LED downlight mounted onto a construction wall panel comprises a light source module and a heat sink holder. The light source module includes a light projection portion, a base to hold the light projection portion and a first coupling portion connected to the base. The heat sink holder includes a second coupling portion fastened to the first coupling portion and a first cooling portion formed on the outer surface of the heat sink holder and extended along the extension direction of the construction wall panel. The base and first cooling portion have respectively a first clamp surface corresponding to a decorative surface of the construction wall panel and a second clamp surface corresponding to a mask surface of the construction wall panel. The first and second clamp surfaces are respectively in contact with the decorative surface and mask surface to clamp the construction wall panel.

Abstract: A variety of lighting apparatuses are described that utilize reflection as a basis for lighting a desired area.

Abstract: Recessed-lighting fixtures having features to facilitate alignment between adjacent fixtures. According to one embodiment of the present invention, alignment means are provided on downwardly directed walls of a recessed lighting tray, ensuring alignment between adjacent fixtures. In another embodiment, apertures on the tray permit relative movement between the tray and a recessed lighting pail, allowing the tray to be quickly and easily repositioned relative to the pan.

Abstract: A lighting assembly includes a lamp alignment assembly for positioning the lamps after the lighting assembly is installed. The lighting assembly includes a ceiling pan for mounting to the ceiling support and a lamp assembly attached to the ceiling pan. The lamp assembly is adjustable in a transverse and rotational direction with respect to the ceiling pan. A stop member on the ceiling pan is received in an aperture in the lamp assembly to limit movement of the lamp assembly on the base. The lamp assembly is provided with alignment springs to align the lamp assembly at predetermined settings. A sight window is formed in the ceiling to visually set the lamp assembly in a selected position. A locking member on the lamp assembly locks the lamp assembly in a fixed position on the ceiling pan.

Abstract: A holder for displaying a sheet of material is provided. The holder includes a backplate, a lens, and a bracket. The bracket includes a frame defining at least one vertical wall bordering at least one inner wall. The at least one inner wall includes at least one connector for connecting to at least one corresponding connector of the lens for securing the lens to the bracket. A portion of the lens contacts a first wall of the at least one vertical wall and a first inner wall of the at least one inner wall. The backplate is secured to the bracket via at least one fastener. A portion of the backplate contacts a second wall of the at least one vertical wall and a second inner wall of the at least one inner wall.

Abstract: A cooling device and a projection device comprising the same are provided. The projection device comprises a lamp and a cooling device. The lamp has a first side and a second side opposite the first side, and one of the two sides is the upper side of the lamp. The cooling device comprises a first blower and a second blower. The first blower is adapted to generate a first airflow towards the first side, while the second blower is adapted to generate a second airflow towards the second side.

Abstract: A lighting device having a support module supporting LEDs and having an outer perimeter defining a curved portion, and a housing with an inner surface having a curved portion configured to receive the curved portion of the support module to enable the disk to be aimed, while the curved portions of the disk and housing remain in contact. Optional adjustment means facilitate aiming of the support module without the need to open the sealed LED module.

Abstract: A recessed lighting fixture having a fire resistant barrier thereon and the fire resistant barrier having an outer box enclosure and an inner box enclosure with an air gap therebetween and mounted on a mounting pan over a lamp housing a source of illumination such as a bulb therein and the mounting pan positionable adjacent an opening in a structure such as a wall, ceiling or floor having an aperture aligned with the lamp housing to let the illumination from the bulb pass therethrough.

Abstract: A heat transfer system is provided for a LED lamp. The LED lamp includes a board surface to supply heat energy during an operation of the LED lamp. The LED lamp is mounted within a recessed housing that separates a first area having a first temperature from a second area having a second temperature, where the second temperature is lower than the first temperature. The system includes a thermal dissipator positioned within the second area. The system further includes a heat transfer device with a first end mounted to the board surface, and a second end mounted to the thermal dissipator, to transfer the heat energy from the board surface in the first area to the thermal dissipator in the second area, and dissipate the heat energy within the second area.

Abstract: A mounting ring with which an engaging hook of a fall-preventing member is to be engaged and a flexible handle member are fixed within an area of a cabinet section that is located upward of a first plane passing through the position of a center of gravity of the cabinet section generally in parallel to the bottom surface of the cabinet section and located to one side of a second plane passing through the position of the center of gravity in intersecting relation to the first plane. The speaker unit hung by the handle member being held with a hand of a human operator is inclined, so that the mounting ring is oriented upward near the hand. Thus, the human operator can perform with ease an operation for engaging the engaging hook with the mounting ring with one hand while holding the handle member with the other hand.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an illuminating apparatus which is received at the back of an outer surface and which includes: a lighting part having a front surface, through which the light is irradiated, and a rear surface, which is the back side of the front surface; an electric connector electrically connected to the lighting part and coupled to a power supply at the back of the outer surface; and a length-adjustable shaft provided between the lighting part and the electric connector and bringing the rear surface of the lighting part into contact with the outer surface.

Abstract: The flat lighting assembly apparatus comprises: a ceiling member; a power supply controller disposed within the ceiling member; a connector coupled to the ceiling member and electrically connected to the power supply; and a flat lighting module coupled to the connector and comprising; a frame including a base, an extension portion extending from the base, a socket disposed on a rear surface of the base, and a guide disposed on the rear surface of the base and disposed around the socket; a light source disposed on a front surface of the base; and a diffusion plate disposed on the light source and coupled to the base, wherein the connector has a insertion groove electrically connected to the socket and comprises a coupling unit coupled to the guide.

Abstract: A retrofit light emitting diode (LED) lighting luminaire designed to have detachable and replaceable components for convenience and low cost in the luminaire maintenance including a heat dissipation member that includes detachable upper and lower sections with aligned radially extending fins, and a driver retained within the luminaire. The LED chip is retained against a surface of the lower heat dissipation member so that heat from the LED is transmitted to the radially extending fins to thereby effectively cool the LED lighting source and driver.

Abstract: A low profile table lamp having a replaceable power supply and circuitry to power at least one light is provided. A bottom housing has a central cylinder with threads internally and an exterior mounting surface for a ring of lights. The bottom housing contains the battery, circuitry, light element and a switch. Included is a top cover having a post with threads externally to mate with the central cylinder inclined ridges and a top crown. Attached to the top cover is a light diffusion dish having a central orifice with a diameter greater than the outside diameter of the central cylinder for receiving the post. The crown has a surface of a greater size than the light diffusion dish covering the central orifice. The post is removably joined from above to the central cylinder for accessing the battery.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lighting device including a body provided with a cavity in an upper part, a power supply disposed in the body to supply power, a case disposed in the cavity, the case including an electrode unit detachably connected to the power supply, and a light source disposed in the case and electrically connected to the electrode unit. Disclosed is also a lighting device including a body provided with a cavity in an upper part, a power supply disposed in the body to supply power, a case disposed in the cavity, the case including an electrode unit detachably connected to the power supply and a case body connected to the electrode unit, and a light source disposed in the case body and electrically connected to the electrode unit to emit light.

Abstract: A lighting fixture can dispose a light source in a recess of a ceiling or another surface while providing at least one of three adjustments that facilitates installation or post-installation setup. The first adjustment can support mounting the fixture to surfaces of differing thicknesses while maintaining the light source at a uniform recess depth. The second possible adjustment can facilitate rotating a visible portion of the fixture, typically an aperture or hole through which light transmits from the light source into a room or some other illuminated space. After the lighting fixture is attached to the ceiling, a user can rotate the aperture for alignment with another fixture or another object. The third possible adjustment can provide an illumination pattern that can be tilted to various angles or oriented in various directions according to user preference or to establish a desired lighting effect.

Abstract: A lighting device may include a heat sink, which has at least one carrier attached to the outside of the heat sink for at least one semiconductor light source; a recess for accommodating a driver; and at least one electrically insulating supply, which connects the recess to the outside of the heat sink; wherein the electrically insulating supply includes a contact surface that connects to the outside of the heat sink in a flush manner, the contact surface being at least partially covered by the carrier.

Abstract: An LED lamp includes a radiator, two caps and a light emitting module. The radiator includes a base and a plurality of fins parallel to each other extends along a face of the base, the fins are integrally formed with the base. The two caps are aligned with two opposite ends of the radiator along a longitudinal direction. The light emitting module includes several circuit boards attaching to another face of the base and a plurality of LEDs disposed on the circuit boards. The circuit boards are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the fins, the radiator is cut into pieces with different length according to the arrangement of the circuit board. The present disclosure also provides a method for manufacturing the LED lamp.

Abstract: Lighting apparatus and structures are described to space electrical drivers from a light panel. In this way, a driver box housing the driver can be spaced from the light panel to communicate with pre-existing facilities (e.g. electrical wiring) and can serve the additional advantage of keeping the driver box out of standing water that may accumulate on the structure.

Abstract: This is directed to a luminaire having a removable inner accessory and optical component. A luminaire can include a base and an outer accessory through which light generated by a light source placed in the base is transmitted. To customize the light emitted by the luminaire, an inner accessory having an optical component can be placed within the outer accessory. The optical component can be tuned to provide a light pattern corresponding to an environment in which the luminaire is placed. Because all of the components used to create the luminaire, other than the optical component, are standard, the luminaire can be easily constructed with a default optical component, but also easily customized at a minimal cost. In addition, the optical component can be recessed relative to the outer accessory to improve optical performance of the luminaire.

Abstract: An LED downlight provides a more evenly distributed light output. The LED downlight includes an LED light source, such as one or more LEDs, LED die packages, or LED chip on board modules, an upper reflector, a lower reflector disposed below the upper reflector, and a lens disposed between the upper reflector and the lower reflector. The lens includes several features that help disperse light emitted by the LED light source. The lens includes a diffusion element, such as a pigment, bulk scattering, prismatic, inlays, or another method for diffusing light through a lens. The lens is curved in a concave manner when viewed from the light source. The curve of the lens can be tangent to the physical cutoff of the lower reflector to more evenly distribute light emitted by the LED light source and to improve the visual effect of an evenly luminous lens.

Abstract: An LED downlight comprises a primary reflector having an upper end and an open lower end, an LED printed circuit board assembly disposed in the upper end of the reflector, an optical assembly positioned beneath the LED printed circuit board assembly, a secondary reflective ring positioned beneath the LED printed circuit board assembly and within the primary reflector housing, the secondary reflector ring supporting the optical assembly and improving light distribution.

Abstract: A recessed lighting system is provided. The recessed lighting system a universal light module to emit light through a light transmissive cover, a plurality of trims wherein each trim has the same means for attaching to the light module and the same size opening that aligns with the light transmissive cover of the module, but have different flange widths; and a plurality of different size recessed lighting fixture housings that each include an annular cavity to receive the light module attached to one of the trims. Each of the cavities is differently sized and is coupled to the trims using support brackets on the trims.

Abstract: A heatsink (2), comprising a heatsink body (3) extending between two endsides (4, 5) of the heatsink body. The heatsink is designed for introducing the heatsink with the first endside ahead into an aperture (16), which is provided in a wall (17), and for a thermal conductive connection of a heat-generating element (14) to the second endside, with a main direction of extent (6) of the heatsink body (3) from the first endside (4) to the second endside (5) being bent or sharply bent. Furthermore, an illumination system with such a heatsink is disclosed.

Abstract: A lighting device, comprising a housing and at least one mounting clip. The housing comprises an electrical connection region engageable in an electrical receptacle. The mounting clip is pivotable from a first position, where an end region of the mounting clip does not extend beyond a periphery of the housing, to a second position, where the end region extends beyond the housing periphery. Also, a lighting device, comprising a housing, a trim element and at least one mounting clip. The mounting clip is pivotable, such that if the mounting clip is in a second position and then the trim element is rotated, the mounting clip will pivot to a third position, where the mounting clip engages the housing such that the trim element is biased toward a ceiling or other structure in which the lighting device is mounted. Also, methods of installing housings and/or trim elements.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the solid-state lighting apparatus includes a solid-state light source. The solid-state light source may include a first side and a second side opposite the first side, with the first side including at least one solid-state lighting element. The solid-state lighting apparatus may also include a junction box. The junction box may be positioned at least partially above the solid-state light source, proximate the second side of the solid-state light source. The solid-state lighting apparatus may further include a heat sink. The heat sink may be coupled to the junction box and thermally coupled to the solid-state light source.

Abstract: An illumination device comprises a plurality of light sources, light sequencing circuitry coupled to the light sources, a light guide structure for directing light from the plurality of light sources over a surface of a display screen to be illuminated, and a user interface for providing control input to the light sequencing circuitry. The light sequencing circuitry comprises a logic state machine responsive to the control input to select one of a plurality of available sequencing modes for the plurality of light sources, a code generator operative to generate output signals controlling respective ones of the light sources responsive to the selected one of the sequencing modes, and timing circuitry for defining timing intervals for processing of the control input by the logic state machine to determine the selected one of the sequencing modes and for generation of the corresponding output signals by the code generator.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus as disclosed herein may include an installation guide plate which may guide the installation of a light source module inside a housing of the lighting apparatus. The guide plate may include an opening shaped to correspond to a shape of the light source module. The light source module may be inserted into the opening to facilitate positioning and installation of the light source module. The guide plate may also be configured to provide electrical insulation between the light source module and the housing.

Abstract: A lighting housing for installation in a building having a source of electrical power, including a support structure; a junction box coupled to the support structure and to the source of electrical power; a lighting enclosure coupled to the support structure and mechanically and electrically supporting an electric light powered from the source of electrical power received through the junction box; and an RF mesh network transceiver, coupled to the support structure and powered from the junction box, for participation in a mesh network.

Abstract: Modular LED light fixture units are interconnected together in articulated fashion with each modular unit including a base component and a cover component. First and second of the base components each include a cylindrical recess formed at a first end with a vertical boss positioned therein, the vertical boss having a threaded opening therein and an extension member formed at a second, opposite end and positioned within first and second outer fingers. The hole in the extension member of the first base component and the boss of the second base component are so positioned, shaped, and dimensioned that a fastener is insertable through the hole in the extension member of the first base component and into the boss of the second base component to thereby pivotally interconnect the first and second base components.

Abstract: A lamp comprising electric contact members (9,10) at the outside of the lamp for making contact with corresponding electric contact elements (21,22) in a lamp holder surrounding the lamp. The light radiation of the lamp is emitted from the front side (2) of the lamp, which front side (2) is substantially located in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the lamp. The contact members (9,10) are located near the circumferential edge of said front side of the lamp.

Abstract: A recessed light fixture includes an LED module, which includes a single LED package that is configured to generate all light emitted by the recessed light fixture. For example, the LED package can include multiple LEDs mounted to a common substrate. The LED package can be coupled to a heat sink for dissipating heat from the LEDs. The heat sink can include a core member from which fins extend. Each fin can include one or more straight and/or curved portions. A reflector housing may be coupled to the heat sink and configured to receive a reflector. The reflector can have any geometry, such as a bell-shaped geometry including two radii of curvature that join together at an inflection point. An optic coupler can be coupled to the reflector housing and configured to cover electrical connections at the substrate and to guide light emitted by the LED package.

Abstract: Improved installation features for recessed light fixtures including downlights are provided. The recessed light fixture includes a housing and a lighting module removably attachable to the housing. The lighting module includes a flexible conduit connector that provides a pathway for electrical connections from outside the lighting module to access the inner portion of the lighting module. The conduit connector is disposed on an angled surface that improves the ease of installation and removal of the lighting module and reduces the required installation space of the recessed light fixture. The housing includes improved torsion spring receivers having angled edges for guiding the torsion spring into the proper position. The torsion spring receivers also include retaining tabs having a curved edge that better holds the torsion spring in place and also provides additional clearance for installing and removing the lighting module.

Abstract: A recessed type lamp with a radiant heat device (3), comprises a lamp shade body (1), a lamp body (2) installed in the lamp shade body (1), and a radiant heat device (3) connected with the lamp shade body (1). A flame-proof expansion piece (4) preventing the radiant heat device (3) from being damaged by the flame is installed between the radiant heat device (3) and the lamp shade body (1) and/or in the lamp shade body (1) and/or in the radiant heat device (3).

Abstract: In a sealed recessed lighting fixture having a housing forming a ceiling-alignment plane and a light-emitting opening, at least one elongate lamp mounted to and within the housing and defining a fixture direction, at least one reflector surface parallel to the fixture direction, and a lens, the improvement wherein the at least one reflector surface is/are part(s) of a unibody-reflector assembly which includes: (a) two reflector sections terminating in longitudinal inner edges forming a gap therebetween; (b) a distal edge perimetrically along the light-emitting opening of the housing; (c) a seal between the distal edge and the housing at the opening; (d) two opposed substantially parallel endwalls each having a lens-engaging proximal edge; (e) the lens being an elongate shaped member terminating at opposite lens ends, the lens enveloping the at least one lamp and being of substantially constant cross-section along its length, whereby the unibody-reflector assembly is removable from the housing as a single unit

Abstract: A sensor system (20) electrically connected to and controlling at least one recessed luminaire (30). The sensor system housing (22) is externally connected to the luminaire (30) and includes a flexible member (50) projecting therefrom. The flexible member (50) supports detection electronics spaced from the sensor system housing (22) or the coupled light fixture and sensor system housings (32, 22). The flexible member (50) allows a sensor (52) to be horizontally and vertically positioned relative to the sensor system housing (22).

Abstract: A lens frame for mounting and cooling LEDs is described. The lens frame (120) may be continuous and attachable to a luminaire (100) having a luminaire housing (110) with an opening (112). The lens frame (120) may extend across and close the opening (112) of the luminaire housing (110). The lens frame (120) may include a recessed support surface (122), a lens attachment area (126) positioned outward from and peripherally of the support surface (122), and heat dissipating structure (130) located peripherally of the support surface (122). A plurality of LEDs (154) may be coupled to the support surface (122) of the lens frame (120) exteriorly of the luminaire housing (110) and a lens (188) may be coupled to the lens retaining area (126) of the lens frame (120).

Abstract: A light assembly includes a fixing unit and a lighting unit located within a lamp cover. The fixing unit includes a substrate board with a recessed shape, and an elastic steel ring is engaged with the hook flange of the substrate board in order to increase the tightness between the substrate board and the lamp cover so as to prevent water vapor and salt mist from entering into the light assembly, and thereby the corrosion of light source and circuit can be avoided. The light emitting diode is used as a light source instead of the conventional halogen lamp.

Abstract: A lamp housing capable of serving as a bobbin for a light emitting diode (LED) lamp has a containing portion for receiving a converter module, and a winding portion for mounting a cap. Windings of inductor unit of the converter module are wound on the winding portion and form large inductance that is able to replace multiple inductors and a surge protector that are originally mounted on a circuit board of the converter module. The LED lamp with the lamp housing has reduced emissions and enhanced effect of protecting against electrical surge and spikes, and meets safety regulations. Since electrical elements mounted on the circuit board are reduced and the metal cap also dissipates heat generated by the windings of the inductor unit, the converter module operates properly under suitable temperatures.

Abstract: A recessed light fixture includes an LED module, which includes a single LED package that is configured to generate all light emitted by the recessed light fixture. For example, the LED package can include multiple LEDs mounted to a common substrate. The LED package can be coupled to a heat sink for dissipating heat from the LEDs. The heat sink can include a core member from which fins extend. Each fin can include one or more straight and/or curved portions. A reflector housing may be coupled to the heat sink and configured to receive a reflector. The reflector can have any geometry, such as a bell-shaped geometry including two radii of curvature that join together at an inflection point. An optic coupler can be coupled to the reflector housing and configured to cover electrical connections at the substrate and to guide light emitted by the LED package.

Abstract: A retrofit luminaire assembly is provided for retrofitting a mounting frame such as a plaster frame or other recessed lighting assembly without the need to remove the existing plaster frame. The retrofit assembly includes a mounting ring that can support a replacement electrical junction box and the replacement luminaire. The electrical junction box is attached to an adjustable assembly so that the electrical box can be positioned in a number of locations on the mounting ring. The assembly allows adjustment of the electrical box in a vertical direction, horizontal direction and in a rotational direction with respect to the plane of the plaster frame. The mounting ring is inserted through the opening in the plaster frame and secured to the plaster frame by an attachment member that engages the top face of the plaster frame. The attachment member can include a plate coupled to the mounting ring to form two outwardly extending arms.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus related to adjustable recessed trim. An adjustable recessed trim (10) for a lighting fixture includes an enclosure with a light output opening (21) and a light source opening (31) provided upward from the light output opening (21). An adjustable cover piece (40) having a cover piece light source opening (41) is provided over the enclosure in registration with the enclosure light source opening (31) and is adjustable between at least a first position and a second position.

Abstract: A light-emitting diode (LED) lamp capable of multilateral connection includes a cuboidal housing having a plurality of light-permeable sides and a plurality of connecting sides adjacent to the light-permeable sides. The light-permeable sides are arranged in a C shape on the housing. The connecting sides are arranged in a C shape on the housing and are located where the light-permeable sides are absent. An LED module is provided in the housing, and the light emitted by the LED module can pass through the light-permeable sides. Each connecting side is provided with at least one fastening portion so that the housing and external similar housings can be assembled into a single unit of an arbitrary and changeable configuration through connection between the corresponding fastening portions of the housings, thus providing both convenience of use and fun.

Abstract: A recessed light assembly having an illumination element and having an enclosure attachable to a support structure of a dwelling has a rotating aperture plate rotatably mounted to a wall of the enclosure. The rotating aperture plate has an illumination aperture disposed over an opening in the wall of the enclosure and the recessed light assembly has adjustable fasteners, accessible from an exterior of the recessed light assembly, which adjustable fasteners selectively permit and prevent rotation of the rotating aperture plate relative to the enclosure allowing a user to adjust the rotational alignment of the illumination aperture relative to the enclosure of an installed light assembly without disengaging an attached assembly from the support structure. The illumination element may be fixed relative to the rotating aperture plate or may be fixed relative to the enclosure.

Abstract: A safety unit for mounting in a wall defining a part of a building space has a tubular housing containing an emergency load such as a light sized to fit within the housing, said emergency load including a base and a light-emitting element. An actuator mechanism such as a motor carried on the housing provides force to the base responsive to electrical power to translate the base to deploy the emergency load within the building space. A preferred embodiment includes a cover and a cover-operating mechanism receiving force from the actuator to remove the cover as the load deploys.

Abstract: A recessed lighting enclosure comprises a housing having an open bottom, at least first and second side walls, a tapered roof, and an opening in the roof. The roof opening can optionally be covered with a flap, and is preferably overhung by an eve. The housing can be made of a cardboard or other foldable or readily cut panel, internally lined with fiberglass or other insulation. The insulation can advantageously extend below the bottom of the panel. Panels can be manufactured and shipped in a flattened shipping configuration. Assembly can use chemical, mechanical, or any other suitable mechanical connectors. Once installed, mats, bats, blown or any other type of insulation can be disposed about the housing.

Abstract: A recessed fixture housing is provided with a removable ballast box. The removable ballast box is removably received in an aperture provided through the recessed fixture housing. At least one spring clip removably engages the ballast box and maintains the ballast box in position when the ballast box is received in the ballast box aperture.

Abstract: A recessed light fixture has a plurality of fasteners for securing a can or top hat of the recessed light fixture to a substrate, e.g., sheetrock ceiling and/or open frame mounting plate. Each of the plurality of fasteners comprise a clevis bracket, a clevis hook having perpendicular tabs that rotatably attach the clevis hook to the clevis bracket. When the recessed light fixture is inserted into an opening of the substrate, the clevis hooks rotate out of the way into slots in a wall of the recessed light fixture can. Once the clevis hooks clear the substrate, the clevis hooks rotate back through the wall of the recessed light fixture can. Then the clevis brackets are slideably moved toward the substrate, whereby gripping portions of the clevis hooks will engage the substrate and thereby hold the recessed light fixture to the substrate.

Abstract: A lighting assembly, comprising a light engine assembly and a room-side element. The room-side element is in contact with the light engine assembly. The light engine assembly comprises at least one trim element and a light engine. The trim element defines a trim element internal space. The light engine comprises at least one solid state light emitter, and is positioned within the trim element internal space. Also, a lighting assembly, comprising a light engine assembly and means for dissipating heat from the light engine assembly.

Abstract: A canister for use with a luminaire, the canister having an interior heat sink incorporated into and within a top cover of the canister and a source of illumination retained within the canister. The heat sink includes a multiplicity of air fins separated by air gaps, the air fins extending radially from an interior wall of the cover. The heat sink also includes a multiplicity of air fins separated by air gaps, the air fins extending radially from an interior wall of the canister. The top cover has an opening and a removable sealing cap having a recessed surface extends into an interior of the top cover when affixed to the top cover to enclose the opening.