Abstract: A distributed power system wherein a plurality of power converters are connected in parallel and share the power conversion load according to a prescribed function, but each power converter autonomously determines its share of power conversion. Each power converter operates according to its own power conversion formula/function, such that overall the parallel-connected converters share the power conversion load in a predetermined manner.

Abstract: There is provided a power supply device including an alternating current (AC) power supply unit supplying a first primary current in a positive half cycle and supplying a second primary current in a negative half cycle; a transformer unit including a first transformer and a second transformer; a main switch unit including a first main switch and a second main switch; an auxiliary switch unit including a first auxiliary switch and a second auxiliary switch; an auxiliary inductor unit including a first auxiliary inductor and a second auxiliary inductor; and a path providing unit providing a conduction path based on power supplied from the AC power supply unit.

Abstract: In a direct converting apparatus including a converter and a plurality of inverters, substantial carrier frequencies of the plurality of inverters are made different from each other while performing an operation in synchronization with the converter. An original carrier has a carrier frequency twice as high as a carrier frequency of a first carrier used for controlling one of the inverters. A waveform of the original carrier is magnified twice with a value serving as the center thereof, so that a second carrier used for controlling the other of the inverters is obtained.

Abstract: A circuit comprising at least one parallel-connected partial circuit for feeding at least one inverter circuit. A partial circuit consists of an unregulated voltage source having a temporally varying DC output voltage, a voltage doubling circuit and a voltage regulating circuit with an associated regulating device. In the inventive method, the voltage doubling circuit doubles the voltage of the unregulated voltage source. The regulation of the current/voltage characteristic curve, the MPP tracking, of the unregulated voltage source is effected by the regulating device of the voltage regulating circuit.

Abstract: The noise generated from a power converter is suppressed by increasing the noise frequency to a level not lower than the maximum frequency of the human audible range. To obtain the frequency of an output current harmonic component as a noise source which has exceeded the maximum frequency of the human audible range, it is adequate to determine that the frequency of a driving carrier wave for the individual converter cells in the power converter, in which the phases of the carrier wave for the converter cells are mutually shifted by a given value between the converter cells, meets the following equation.

Abstract: The invention relates to an energy storage device (1) for generating an n-phase supply voltage, where n?1, with n energy supply branches which are connected in parallel and which are each connected to one of n phase connections, wherein each of the energy supply branches has a large number of energy storage modules (3) which are connected in series and which each comprise: an energy storage cell module (5) which has at least one energy storage cell (1a, 5n), and a coupling device (9) with coupling elements (7, 8) which are designed to switch or to bridge the energy storage cell module (5) selectively into the respective energy supply branch, wherein those coupling elements (8) of the coupling devices (9) which are designed to bridge the energy storage cell module (5) in the respective energy supply branch comprise normally-on semiconductor switches (8a). The other coupling elements (7) can comprise normally-off semiconductor switches (7a) in this case.

Abstract: A direct current generating, management and distribution system includes a first armature winding, a first active rectifier having a first controller and coupled to the first armature winding, a first direct current bus coupled to the first active rectifier, a second armature winding, a second active rectifier having a second controller and coupled to the second armature winding, a second direct current bus coupled to the second active rectifier, a unit controller coupled to the first and second controllers, a first set of switches coupled to the first direct current bus and to the unit controller, a second set of switches coupled to the second direct current bus and to the unit controller, a third switch coupled to the first direct current bus and to the unit controller and a fourth switch coupled to the second direct current bus and the unit controller.

Abstract: A cascaded multi-level inverter is controlled in fault bypass operation. Rather than relying on approximations or feedback forms, the reference voltages are generated as an analytic solution. The analytic solution and its implementation are not affected by the output frequency of the inverter and it is able to provide maximum possible balanced line-line voltage to a three-phase motor. In addition, the analytic solution provides exact limits for the allowable operation region of the motor power factor in order to prevent overvoltage conditions of the cell inverter.

Abstract: Techniques include systems and methods of synchronizing multiple parallel inverters in a power converter system. In one embodiment, control circuitry is connected to a power layer interface circuitry at each of the parallel inverters, via an optical fiber interface. The system is synchronized by transmitting a synchronizing pulse to each of the inverters. Depending on the operational mode of the system, different data exchanges may occur in response to the pulse. In an off mode, power up and power down data may be exchanged between the control circuitry and the inverters. In an initiating mode, identification data may be transmitted from the inverters to the control circuitry. In an active mode, control data may be sent from the control circuitry to the inverters. In some embodiments, the inverters also transmit feedback data and/or acknowledgement signals to the control circuitry.

Abstract: A power supply for a device which has a load, comprising a first resonant generator and a second resonant generator, coupled in parallel, each generator having a phase output. The power supply further comprises a control circuit coupled to the first and second generators controlling the first and second phase outputs, wherein the first phase output and the second phase output are summed to provide a variable power supply to the load.

Abstract: Circuit topologies and control methods for a power converter and are described.

Abstract: The power supply according to the present invention comprises a transformer, a power switch, a signal generating circuit, an on-time detection circuit, and a delay circuit. The transformer receives an input voltage and generates an output voltage. The power switch switches the transformer for regulating the output voltage. The signal generating circuit generates a switching signal for controlling switching of the power switch. The on-time detection circuit detects an on-time of the power switch and generates a short-circuit signal. The delay circuit counts to a first delay time or to a second delay time in response to a feedback signal of the power supply and the short-circuit signal to generate a turn off signal for controlling the signal generating circuit to latch the switching signal.

Abstract: Solid state switches of inverters are controlled by timing signals computed in power layer interface circuitry for individual inverters. Multiple inverters may be placed in parallel with common three-phase output. Common control circuitry generates timing signals or data used to reconstruct the common signals and sends these signals to the power layer interface circuitry. A processor in a power layer interface circuitry used these signals to recomputed the timing signals. Excellent synchronicity may be provided between parallel inverters that each separately reconstruct the timing signals based upon the identical received data.

Abstract: An AC photovoltaic module includes a DC photovoltaic module for converting solar energy to DC electrical power, and an inverter for converting DC electrical power to AC electrical power, the inverter being adapted for connection to a frame portion of the module and being sized and configured, and provided with arrangements of electrical components thereof, to dispense heat from the inverter, whereby to prolong operational life and reliability of the inverter.

Abstract: A hybrid DC-to-AC conversion system includes a first DC input voltage, a second DC input voltage, a power conversion apparatus, and a comparison unit. The power conversion apparatus is connected in parallel to the first DC input voltage and the second DC input voltage to convert the first DC input voltage or the second DC input voltage into an AC output voltage. The comparison unit receives the AC output voltage and an external reference voltage. The comparison unit outputs a control signal to make the first DC input voltage supply a load when an absolute value of the AC output voltage is less than or equal to the external reference voltage, whereas the comparison unit outputs the control signal to make the second DC input voltage supply the load when the absolute value of the AC output voltage is greater than the external reference voltage.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling a modular three-phase converter including two or more interleaved, parallel connected Voltage Source Converters (VSCs) utilizing a hybrid Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVM) control scheme are provided. For the hybrid SVM control scheme, six active vectors utilized for SVM define six sectors in a space vector plane. Each sector is divided into two or more regions having corresponding optimal SVM switching sequences. In operation, a revolving reference voltage vector is sampled to provide a reference voltage vector. The SVM controller then identifies one of the regions in one of the sectors that corresponds to an angle and, in some embodiments, a magnitude of the revolving reference voltage vector and applies the corresponding optimal SVM switching sequence to the two or more interleaved, parallel connected VSCs.

Abstract: A power converting apparatus includes a first inverter (3) connected to a first DC power supply (1) and a plurality of second inverters (4A, 4B) connected in series to the first DC power supply (1). The plurality of second inverters (4A, 4B) provide compensation to an output voltage of the first inverter (3) by the sum of outputs at which a power balance becomes approximately zero. The power converting apparatus generates output voltage commands (VrefA, VrefB) for the respective second inverters (4A, 4B) upon individually making an adjustment so that DC bus voltages of the second inverters (4A, 4B) become equal to each other depending on whether charging or discharging mode is selected while keeping the sum of the individual output voltage commands (VrefA, VrefB) at a target sum voltage (Vref2).

Abstract: Cascade H-Bridge inverters and carrier-based level shift pulse width modulation techniques are presented for generating inverter stage switching control signals, in which carrier waveform levels are selectively shifted to control THD and to mitigate power distribution imbalances within multilevel inverter elements using either complementary carrier or complementary reference modulation techniques.

Abstract: In an inverter generator having a first, second and third inverters, a first, second and third controllers adapted to control turning ON/OFF of switching elements thereof and to operate the first inverter as a master inverter and the second and third inverters as slave inverters, a three-phase output terminal, a single-phase output terminal, and an engine control section adapted to send an output of a selector switch to the first controller and so on, thereby outputting three-phase or single-phase AC through control of turning ON/OFF of the switching elements, so that the outputs from the first, second and third inverters become in the three-phase or single-phase AC in response to the output of the selector switch making the output from the first inverter as a reference.

Abstract: A power inverter may include a transformer serving as an isolation barrier. The power inverter may include a first controller on one side of the isolation barrier. The first controller may encode the frequency of an input voltage of the transformer with one or more operating conditions of a direct current power supply electrically coupled to the inverter. As second controller on the other side of the isolation barrier may determine a frequency associated with an output voltage of the transformer. The second controller may decode the frequency associated with the output voltage of the transformer to determine the encoded operating conditions.

Abstract: A multi-level voltage converter includes a multi-point converter circuit and at least one full bridge inverter circuit. The multi-point converter circuit is configured for converting a DC voltage into an intermediate multi-level voltage. The full bridge inverter circuit is electrically connected in series with the multi-point converter circuit and configured for receiving the intermediate multi-level voltage to generate a multi-level output voltage corresponding to a single phase output.

Abstract: A power converter of the present invention is configured to convert DC power generated by a power generator (1) into AC power. The power converter includes: a boost converter circuit (3) configured to boost an output voltage of the power generator (1); an inverter circuit (5) configured to convert an output voltage of the boost converter circuit (3) into AC power and to interconnect the AC power with a power system (2); a buck converter circuit (8) configured to perform power conversion of output power of the boost converter circuit (3) and to supply resultant power to an internal load (60); and a controller (9). The controller (9) is configured to control the output voltage of the boost converter circuit (3) to be lower than or equal to a second voltage value which is less than the maximum value of AC voltage of the power system (2), in a case of supplying output power of the power generator (1) to the internal load (60) via the boost converter circuit (3) and the buck converter circuit (8).

Abstract: The system provides for one or more photovoltaic panels (3) or other energy sources, connected to a series of inverters (5) in parallel, the outputs of which are connected to a load (Z) and/or to an electricity distribution grid (7). One of the inverters operates as master unit and generates a power control signal in order to track the maximum power point that can be obtained from the panels (3). The other inverters operate as slave units. The control is performed so that all the inverters absorb a variable quantity of power according to the fluctuations in the power available at the output of the photovoltaic panels (3) or other source subject to fluctuations.

Abstract: Cascade H-Bridge inverters and carrier-based level shift pulse width modulation techniques are presented for generating inverter stage switching control signals, in which carrier waveform levels are selectively shifted to control THD and to mitigate power distribution imbalances within multilevel inverter elements.

Abstract: Various methods and apparatus are described for a photovoltaic system. In an embodiment, pluralities of three-phase Alternating Current (AC) inverter circuits electrically connect into a common three phase AC output. Each of those inverters receives a bipolar DC voltage supplied from its own set of Concentrated PhotoVoltaic (CPV) modules.

Abstract: A method for controlling an inverter having at least two phase modules having respective upper and lower valve branches with at least three two-pole subsystems connected in series, includes in the event of failure of at least one subsystem in a faulty valve branch of a defective phase module the following method steps: a) identifying the faulty a defective upper or lower valve branch in the identified defective phase module in which one or more subsystems have failed; b) controlling a terminal voltage of the one or more failed subsystems in the faulty valve branch so as to be permanently zero; and c) controlling in each of the upper and lower fault-free valve branches having fault-free subsystems a number of fault-free subsystems corresponding to the one or more failed subsystems such that their terminal voltages of the controlled fault-free subsystems terminal voltages are permanently zero.

Abstract: An object is to miniaturize booster coils used in a vehicle-mounted booster converter. In the design method for a vehicle-mounted multi-phase converter including multiple booster coils and a switching circuit for generating an induced electromotive force at each booster coil by switching of current flowing to each booster coil for applying an output voltage, based on an input voltage and the induced electromotive force generated at each booster coil, to a vehicle drive circuit, a coupling factor indicating the extent by which the induced electromotive force in one of multiple booster coils contributes to the voltage between terminals of another booster coil is determined on the basis of a relationship between the coupling factor and current ripple component of each booster coil.

Abstract: A power supply system having a multiphase matrix converter and a method for operating the system are proposed. The converter has a plurality of input and output terminals and a plurality of sub-converters. The input terminals are respectively connected to the output terminals via bidirectional switches of the sub-converters. A circuit has at latest one DC source, an inverter connected in series with the DC source to generator a first alternating voltage, and an HF transformer connected in series with the inverter and connected to each of the input terminals. The HF transformer transforms the first alternating voltage up into a second alternating voltage and changes the frequency of the second alternating voltage by a multiple as compared with frequency of the first alternating voltage. A control unit activates the bidirectional switches as a function of the second alternating voltage present on the output of the HF transformer.

Abstract: A distributed power system wherein a plurality of power converters are connected in parallel and share the power conversion load according to a prescribed function, but each power converter autonomously determines its share of power conversion. Each power converter operates according to its own power conversion formula/function, such that overall the parallel-connected converters share the power conversion load in a predetermined manner.

Abstract: A high voltage, high power multi-level drive structure includes a plurality of neutral-point-piloted (NPP) converter cells stacked together. At least one clamping diode is connected to one or many NPP converter cell to provide a neutral-point-pilot-clamped (NPPC) converter structure. Flying capacitors connected to the NPPC converter structure yield a neutral-point-clamped-flying-capacitor converter cell structure.

Abstract: In aspects of the invention, each three-level inverter unit has an output current detector. The output from each detector is given to connection wires via a resistor, the connection wires connecting the inverter units. The voltage across the resistor is detected and the deviation, or increment, of the current value of the unit concerned from the average value is determined. The rising up edge of the ON pulses for the IGBT to be controlled is delayed, corresponding to the magnitude of the deviation. Thus, the output current is balanced between the inverter units.

Abstract: An energy converter includes a plurality of converter sections each comprising at least one first converter cell module and one second converter cell module. The first and second converter cell modules each contain at least one converter cell and one coupling unit. The at least one converter cell of the converter cell modules is connected between a first input and a second input of the coupling unit, and the coupling unit is designed to connect the at least one converter cell between a first terminal of the converter cell module and a second terminal of the converter cell module in response to a first control signal, and to connect the first terminal to the second terminal in response to a second control signal. The disclosure also relates to a motor vehicle having an energy converter such as this, and to a method for supplying an electrical drive system.

Abstract: A power supply includes two or more input waveforms being shaped or selected so that after being separately level-shifted and rectified, their additive combination results in a DC output waveform with substantially no ripple. The power supply may comprise a waveform generator, a level conversion stage for step up or down conversion, a rectification stage, and a combiner. The waveform generator may generate complementary waveforms, preferably identical but phase offset from each other, such that after the complementary waveforms are level-converted, rectified and additively combined their sum will be constant, thus requiring no or minimal smoothing for generation of a DC output waveform. The level conversion may be carried out using transformers or switched capacitor circuits. Feedback from the DC output waveform may be used to adjust the characteristics of the input waveforms.

Abstract: Solid state switches of inverters are controlled by timing signals computed in power layer interface circuitry for individual inverters. Multiple inverters may be placed in parallel with common three-phase output. Common control circuitry generates timing signals or data used to reconstruct the common signals and sends these signals to the power layer interface circuitry. A processor in a power layer interface circuitry used these signals to recomputed the timing signals. Excellent synchronicity may be provided between parallel inverters that each separately reconstruct the timing signals based upon the identical received data.

Abstract: There are provided a power supplying apparatus, a method of operating the same, and a solar power generation system including the same. The power supplying apparatus includes: a power supply unit generating a direct current (DC) input signal; a main circuit unit including a plurality of flyback converter circuits connected to the power supply unit to generate a DC output signal; and a control circuit unit controlling an operation of the main circuit unit, wherein the control circuit unit connects the plurality of flyback converter circuits to each other in series or in parallel according to a level of the DC input signal. Therefore, even in the case in which the level of the DC input signal is high, a circuit maybe configured using a circuit device having a low withstand voltage range and damage and deterioration of the circuit device may be prevented.

Abstract: A power quality management system includes a plurality of phase balancers, each phase balancer including single phase converters coupled between two phase lines and a plurality of controllers to control the plurality of phase balancers. Each controller includes a voltage unbalance detection module to detect amount of voltage unbalance in a plurality of phase lines and a voltage unbalance compensation module to generate reference current commands for each of the single phase converters to reduce the voltage unbalance.

Abstract: There are provided a power converting apparatus and an operating method thereof, and a solar power generation system. The power converting apparatus for a solar power generation system includes: a power converting unit converting an input signal generated by a solar cell module into an output signal; and a control circuit unit controlling an operation of the power converting unit, wherein the power converting unit includes at least one transformer, and a current sensor and a switching circuit connected to a primary winding of the at least one transformer, and the control circuit unit calculates a voltage and a current of the input signal using a current of the primary winding of the at least one transformer sensed by the current sensor and performs a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control so that the power converting unit is operated at a maximum power point.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device having a polyphase electrical machine, wherein a plurality of inverters (36, 37, 38), which are controlled by an interlaced control modulated by pulse width to an identical cutoff frequency, provide, on the phase outputs thereof, an alternating voltage signal having an identical fundamental frequency, amplitude and phase to an electrical machine (2) that comprises at least two separate so-called star windings (33, 34, 35), each star winding being supplied by a related inverter, each phase output of which is connected to a phase circuit that includes the phase winding of the star winding, the device being characterized in that each phase circuit for a star winding has a negative mutual inductance with the homologous phase circuit of another star winding.

Abstract: In a power conversion apparatus that boosts a solar light voltage, converts it to AC and supplies AC power to a load or system, power loss is reduced and efficiency is improved. An inverter unit, in which AC sides of three single-phase inverters receive DC power from respective sources with a voltage ratio of 1:3:9 as respective inputs are connected in series. Gradational output voltage control of an output voltage is carried out using the sum of the respective generated AC voltages. Also, a solar light voltage is boosted by a chopper circuit to generate the highest voltage DC power source. When the solar light voltage exceeds a predetermined voltage, the boosting of the chopper circuit is stopped, thereby reducing power loss due to the boosting.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for controlling an apparatus transmitting power between two electricity networks or between an electricity network and a polyphase electric machine), and including low-voltage power cells (C), which include a single-phase input/output connection (IN/OUT). The power cells are arranged into groups (G1-GN, GP1-GPN1, GS1-GSN2, G1??-GN??) such that at least one power cell per each phase of the electricity network or of the electric machine belongs to each group, and the input terminals (IN) of all the power cells belonging to the same group are connected to a common transformer, the transformer including its own separate winding that is galvanically isolated. The controllable power semiconductor switches connected to the input connectors (IN) of all the power cells supplying power to the same transformer are controlled cophasally with a 50% pulse ratio.

Abstract: An arrangement transmits power between a DC power line and an AC power line carrying a voltage having a number of phases. The arrangement includes a number of transformers, one for each phase and a number of power transfer modules, one for each phase, connected in series between the DC power line and ground, where each module includes a first branch including series connected converter cells and a second branch including series connected switching elements. The primary winding of a transformer is connected to a corresponding AC phase conductor of the AC power line and the secondary winding is connected between a midpoint of the first branch and a midpoint of the second branch of a corresponding power transfer module.

Abstract: A power apparatus includes power modules. Each of the power modules includes an input transformer and power cell units. The input transformer has at least one primary winding and a plurality of secondary windings, and the primary winding is electrically connected to an AC power source. The power cell units are connected in series with one phase output line to a multi-phase load, in which the power cell units are electrically connected to the secondary windings, respectively.

Abstract: A power converter apparatus having a configuration of a plurality of unit cells, including a DC capacitor and semiconductor devices, connected in cascade, includes a variable voltage source that is connected with a DC link, and a unit having a function that initially charges up the DC capacitor in the unit cell alone selected at a time of an initial charge.

Abstract: A photovoltaic power plant includes solar cells and inverters that convert direct current generated by the solar cells to alternating current. The reactive powers generated by the inverters are based on a reactive power generated by a virtual inverter. The virtual inverter has an equivalent impedance representing the impedances of the inverters in the photovoltaic power plant. The reactive power setpoints of the inverters may be received from a local interpreter. The local interpreter may generate the reactive power setpoints from a global reactive power setpoint generated by a grid controller.

Abstract: A voltage source converter station including a multilevel voltage source converter, for conversion of electrical power between AC and DC, and a control system. The voltage source converter includes a plurality of switching cells including switchable semiconductors, and the control system includes at least one main control unit for providing a voltage reference signal and a plurality of cell control units. Each cell control unit uses carrier based pulse width modulation for controlling the switching of a respective cell, where the main control unit is communicatively connected to the cell control units and provides the reference voltage signal to each cell control unit and each cell control unit creates a switching signal to each respective switching cell using the reference voltage signal and a carrier signal to effectuate the conversion.

Abstract: A solar power conditioner includes: a synchronous controller; and electric power converters connected in series with each other and arranged at panel groups, respectively. Each electric power converter executes a MPPT control for tracking a maximum power point of an output electric power of the panel group, and converts a voltage and a current of the output electric power of the panel group. The synchronous controller synchronously controls the electric power converters to superimpose converted voltages in series, the converted voltages outputting from the electric power converters, so that the electric power converters output a predetermined pseudo sine wave voltage or a predetermined alternating current voltage.

Abstract: A method of controlling at least one voltage converter having a plurality of cells in series, comprising an AC part and a DC part, characterized in that the AC input voltage (Vei) of each cell is determined directly by the use of a high speed current control loop relating to the AC part and a lower speed voltage control loop relating to the cells, the method including choosing the following voltage control law: ? i = C i 2 ? ( 2 R pi ? C i ? Z i + ? ? t ? Z i ? ? _ ? ? ref - K 1 ? Zi - K 2 ? Zi ? sign ? ( E Zi ) ) where: K1zi and K2zi are positive adjustment gains; Ci is the continuous capacitance of the capacitor Ci of each cell; Rpi is the losses associated with each cell; Zi—ref is the reference value of Zi=(UDCi)2, UDCi; being the direct voltage across the capacitor Ci; and EZi is such that EZi=Zi?Zi—ref.

Abstract: A system to control an asynchronous tri-phase motor may include a braking resistance coupled to receive output voltage from the voltage multiplier to dissipate energy when the system is in a braking mode. The system may further include a module to emit a pulse train (e.g., Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)) and having a frequency selectively determined by a microcontroller. The module may be operatively coupled to apply the pulse train to an H bridge circuit in the IGBT module, which is coupled to pass a conditioned line voltage to the tri-phase motor in response to the PWM pulse train applied to the H bridge circuit in the IGBT module.

Abstract: A voltage output circuit includes: an oscillator circuit configured to output an oscillation signal while changing an oscillation frequency thereof; and a voltage generating circuit configured to convert a first voltage into a second voltage higher than the first voltage, and output the second voltage, based on the oscillation signal.

Abstract: Provided is a semiconductor device that may include a switching device having a negative threshold voltage, and a driving unit between a power terminal and a ground terminal and providing a driving voltage for driving the switching device. The switching device may be connected to a virtual ground node having a virtual ground voltage that is greater than a ground voltage supplied from the ground terminal and may be turned on when a difference between the driving voltage and the virtual ground voltage is greater than the negative threshold voltage.