Abstract: A process for mixing a liquid stored in a vessel, in which gas is sucked in from the gas phase present above the liquid interface with a suction apparatus present in the liquid, and released into it again for the gas-induced mixing of the liquid.

Abstract: A standing wave in a water current, which is subject to purification, is swirled in the lower mass-exchange chamber in order to create negative pressure along the central axis, the atmosphere air intake and crating of two countercurrents interacting with each other, resulting in a standing wave and oxygenation of the water current. A cylindrical mixing chamber, which is divided into the upper mass-exchange chamber and the lower mass-exchange chamber by dividing walls with a coaxial orifice towards the air-supply pipe and peripheral bypass channel. In the lower mass-exchange chamber, water, which is subject to purification, is swirled and under the negative pressure in the center it intakes air from the air-supply pipe, creating hydrosol and reaction area of ion exchange due to forming of the standing acoustic wave. Part of the processed current is outlet into the volume through a permeable wall in the side surface of the upper mass-exchange chamber.

Abstract: A steaming pitcher comprising a flow receiving surface adapted to receive an incoming flow of steam at a substantially oblique angle provides enhanced control of fluid flow inside the steaming pitcher to enhance mixing and heating of the fluid by the incoming steam. The steaming pitcher may also comprise flow directing and launching surfaces to assist in control of fluid flow patterns. A flow control kit with a flow receiving surface may be installed in an existing flat-bottom steaming pitcher to provide aspects of fluid flow control. The flow receiving, flow directing and launching surfaces of the steaming pitcher may be substantially smooth, faceted, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a container for dialysis concentrates, in particular acidic dry concentrates. When these dry concentrates are dissolved directly by the dialysis machine to form liquid concentrates, the containers must provide a volume of 4-12 liters. To impart the required stability to these containers, they have integral supporting elements, which manifest their supporting function only when the container is used on the dialysis machine.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a method and system for the infusion of a gas into a liquid. The gas is passed through a container with ceramic filtering material of a specific pore size after which the gas enters the flow stream of the liquid.

Abstract: A process for mixing a liquid stored in a vessel, in which gas is sucked in from the gas phase present above the liquid interface with a suction apparatus present in the liquid, and released into it again for the gas-induced mixing of the liquid.

Abstract: Methods and systems for enhancing fluidization of nanoparticle and/or nanoagglomerates and for mixing and blending nanoparticle/nanoagglomerate systems at the nanoscale are provided. A fluidization chamber is provided with a fluidizing medium (e.g., a fluidizing gas) directed in a first fluidizing direction, e.g., upward into and through a bed containing a volume of nanoparticles and/or nanopowders. A second source of air/gas flow is provided with respect to the fluidization chamber, the secondary air/gas flow generally being oppositely (or substantially oppositely) directed relative to the fluidizing medium. Turbulence created by the secondary gas flow, e.g., a jet from a micro jet nozzle, is advantageously effective to aerate the agglomerates and the shear generated by the jet is advantageously effective to break apart nanoagglomerates and/or reduce the tendency for nanoagglomerates to form or reform.

Abstract: A gas injection heating probe, where the probe has a hollow injection channel, a heating media inlet, a heating media outlet, a gas injection fitting and heat exchange area. The gas injection heating probe is connectable to a heated media and a source of gas, so that when connected and inserted into a container having product, the probe provides for gas injection and heating of the product to assist in mixing the product for discharge.

Abstract: A gas-solids contactor modification is described which provides for starting or restarting the gas flow to the gas-solids contactor when it is filled with solid particles while preventing the solids from entering and blocking one or more gas inlets which have diameters greater than the solid particle diameters. The apparatus modification comprises a gas plenum and one or more chambers within the gas plenum located between the contactor inlet and the gas inlet. The wall of the chamber has multiple passageways therethrough that are smaller in diameter than the majority of the bed particles. Gas feed to the plenum must pass through the passageways in the chamber walls before entering the contactor. In one embodiment the total open area of the passageways is at least as large as the cross-sectional area of the gas inlet and the inlet to the contactor.

Abstract: In a vessel utilized for providing powdered materials, such as binder, for the construction of an in-situ piling, the vessel has a binder feeding system having a fluidization chamber, where the fluidization chamber receives air at a higher pressure than the substantial portion of the remainder of the vessel. This higher pressure enhances the fluidization of the powered materials as the materials are dispersed through an actuated valve at the bottom of the vessel. This system results in a decreased volume of air required for transporting the powdered materials through the feeder hose to the tool in the piling borehole, thereby reducing the creation of air pockets in the in-situ piling. This feeder system replaces the cell wheel currently used in binder feeder systems.

Abstract: The water aerator using a compressed gas container is a self-contained unit having a float and a container of compressed gas (e.g., air, oxygen, etc.) installed beneath a perforated diffuser plate that, in turn, is positioned below the float. High-pressure gas from the container flows through a pipe or tube to a regulator valve and pressure gauge at the top of the pipe. A larger diameter low-pressure pipe or tube is placed concentrically about the high-pressure pipe. Regulated low-pressure gas flows down through the outer low-pressure pipe to a dispensing nozzle below the diffuser plate, whereupon the gas flows upward and is broken up by the perforations in the diffuser plate to form smaller aeration bubbles. An electrical power source, pressure switch, and light may be provided to indicate when the compressed gas container is depleted. The device may be motorized.

Abstract: Presently, there exists a need for a method of mixing (stirring) the ingredients of a liquid preparation within a container without the introduction of any device or manual implement to agitate the contents mechanically. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method a convenient, economical and effective method of mixing utilizing a chemical reaction to facilitate liquid motion in a container without the use of a stirring implement or external mechanical intervention.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing an evenly mixed additive enhanced gypsum slurry to a web. Calcined gypsum and water are inserted into a mixer through at least one inlet of the mixer. The contents are agitated to form a slurry. The slurry is passed from an outlet of the mixer into a conduit. An additive is introduced into the slurry along a length of the conduit to achieve a flow stream of a slurry/additive mixture. A cross section of the flow stream is expanded in the conduit while not changing direction of the flow stream and a direction of the flow stream is changed while not expanding the cross section of the flow stream and conduit, all prior to the flow steam exiting from an outlet of the conduit.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a pulse jet mixing vessel for mixing a plurality of solid particles. The pulse jet mixing vessel is comprised of a sludge basin, a flow surface surrounding the sludge basin, and a downcoming flow annulus between the flow surface and an inner shroud. The pulse jet mixing vessel is additionally comprised of an upper vessel pressurization volume in fluid communication with the downcoming flow annulus, and an inner shroud surge volume separated from the downcoming flow annulus by the inner shroud. When the solid particles are resting on the sludge basin and a fluid such as water is atop the particles and extending into the downcoming flow annulus and the inner shroud surge volume, mixing occurs by pressurization of the upper vessel pressurization volume, generating an inward radial flow over the flow surface and an upwash jet at the center of the sludge basin.

Abstract: An aerator for assisting in the discharge or transport of dry bulk particulate materials in applications in which the aerator must be mounted to a surface of small diameter, such as a duct, hopper, or tank. The aerator unexpectedly performs more efficiently than would be expected from simply reducing the proportions of an otherwise similar aerator designed for larger diameter applications.

Abstract: A device and method for use with the transportation of materials including a tank that is configured to hold the material and an inlet/outlet configured on the tank to allow the flow of the material therethrough. At least one inlet is arranged on the tank to allow the flow of the material into the tank to agitate the material in the tank.

Abstract: A method for hydrodesulfurization by forming a dispersion comprising hydrogen-containing gas bubbles with a mean diameter of less than 1 micron dispersed in a liquid phase comprising sulfur-containing compounds. Desulfurizing a liquid stream comprising sulfur-containing compounds by subjecting a fluid mixture comprising hydrogen-containing gas and the liquid to a shear rate greater than 20,000 s?1 to produce a dispersion of hydrogen in a continuous phase of the liquid and introducing the dispersion into a fixed bed hydrodesulfurization reactor from which a reactor product is removed. Systems of apparatus for hydrodesulfurization are also presented.

Abstract: A multi-gas mixer for supplying a gas mixture that can uniformly mix a plurality of gases according to the proportional percentages determined by the mass flow rate of each gas is disclosed. The multi-gas mixer comprises a mixer chamber, a plurality of gas inlets, a gas mixture outlet, and at least one gas rotating and mixing unit. The present invention also provides a method for controlling the percentage of each gas to be mixed by use of a plurality of mass flow rate controllers to control the gas flow to produce a gas mixture according to a predetermined proportionality. When the multi-gas mixer delivers a gas mixture to a high-speed plasma torch, the torch can be stably operated under a high voltage (>85V) and a medium current (<650 A) so that a long-arc, high-temperature and high-speed plasma flame can be generated.

Abstract: An impregnator for mixing a nonaerated or only slightly aerated liquid (F) with gas (G), in particular for mixing a noneffervescent or only slightly effervescent beer precursor product, or a beer precursor product containing CO2, with CO2, includes a mixing cell, in particular tubular, which except for an incoming liquid inlet, an incoming gas inlet, and an outlet, is partitioned off from the surrounding, and at least one Impregnator body is disposed in the mixing cell in such a way that the flow through the mixing cell of the liquid (F) and gas (G) must necessarily take place through the impregnator body. Disposed in the mixing cell is at least one impregnator body, which includes a porous solid body, namely of a foam material, a sponge, a follow fiber module, or a sintered material.

Abstract: A micro-bubble generating device is provided which is capable of mixing or dispersing micro-bubbles into a liquid with high stability and has a simple structure that permits reduction of a cost of manufacture. A first member and a first packing are superposed on each other on one side of a gas-permeable film, while a second member and a second packing are superposed on each other on the other side of the gas-permeable film. A pressurized gas delivered via a gas inlet of the first member flows through a fluid passage of the first packing, permeates through the gas-permeable film, and is ejected as micro-bubbles into a liquid flowing through a fluid passage in the form of a narrow shallow strip-like groove provided in the second packing.

Abstract: A mixing device for incorporating a light gas at low pressure into a working fluid at a very high pressure includes a mixing section in the form of a truncated conical section between the an inlet and an outlet, a plurality of inlets for the light gas into the mixing section, and a plurality of passages through the truncated conical section into a cylindrical section leading to the outlet.

Abstract: Present application relates to a mixing device (10) for mixing a first gas with a second gas, the second gas being corrosive to the mixing device. The mixing device comprises a first gas guiding part (12) having a first gas guiding inlet part (14) and a first gas guiding outlet part (16), a second gas guiding part (18) having a second gas guiding inlet part (20) and a second gas guiding outlet part (22), the second gas guiding outlet part arranged in the first gas guiding part so that the first gas and the second gas are mixed and a guide vane configured to establish a swirling motion in the first gas. Further disclosed is a related method.

Abstract: In a method of treating a liquid, a liquid to be treated is introduced into a space, a mechanical cavitation element acts upon the liquid while gas is supplied into the region of the surface of the cavitation element and introduces the gas into the liquid by moving the cavitation element, and sound waves are introduced directly into the liquid by at least one acoustic power transducer.

Abstract: A method for preparing a volume of blood for cellular analysis in a hematology instrument includes the step of gently mixing the blood sample with a reagent and/or diluent using a stream of air. Preferably, the air stream is directed at the liquid(s) to be mixed at a relatively steep angle, preferably less than about 10 degrees from the normal to the liquid surface. A mixing vessel adapted for use in a hematology instrument for carrying out the method of the invention comprises a cap that supports an air jet for directing the air stream at an angle in keeping with the method of the invention.

Abstract: A septum is positioned within a disposable vessel and defines a lower chamber and an upper chamber. The septum includes a plurality of apertures that provide fluid communication between the upper chamber and lower chamber. Compressed gas is introduced in the lower chamber to produce fine bubbles rising up throughout the vessel to produce a mixing and gasification needed for the growth of a biological culture and manufacture of a biological product in a nutrient medium. Adding a binding resin to the upper chamber allows harvesting, separation and purification of biological products in the reactor as a single unit operation.

Abstract: A device for dispersing a suspension with at least one gas includes a dispersion nozzle, which, viewed in the flow direction of the suspension, successively comprises: a suspension nozzle tapering in the flow direction; a mixing chamber into which the suspension nozzle leads; a mixing tube that adjoins the mixing chamber and is tapered in the flow direction; and at least one gas supply line for supplying the at least one gas into the mixing chamber, the suspension nozzle comprising at least a quantity of N=3 gas channels connected to the at least one gas supply line, said gas channels leading to an end face of the suspension nozzle facing the mixing chamber. The device may further include a number A of gas valves, where N=A, wherein a gas control valve is associated with each gas channel for metering a gas volume of the gas supplied to the suspension through the respective gas channel. A flotation machine comprising such a device and methods for operating the device and flotation machine are also provided.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for coating particulate material are provided. The apparatus includes a vessel having a top and a bottom, a vertically extending conduit having an inlet in the vessel and an outlet outside of the vessel, a first fluid inlet in the bottom of the vessel for introducing a transfer fluid, a second fluid inlet in the bottom of the vessel for introducing a coating fluid, and a fluid outlet from the vessel. The method includes steps of agitating a material, contacting the material with a coating material, and drying the coating material to produce a coated material. The invention may be adapted to coat aerogel beads, among other materials. A coated aerogel bead and an aerogel-based insulation material are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the production of layers and moulded parts consisting of reactive plastic, the reactive components being intermixed on a plurality of planes with the aid of mixed gases. The invention further relates to a device which allows a corresponding method.

Abstract: Gas-filled microbubbles can be synthesized using a continuous flow chamber and a sonicator. The resulting microbubble solution can be size-sorted for a particular application, such as injection into a patient for gas delivery thereto. The microbubble solution may be concentrated to have greater than 50% volume gas while maintaining microbubble sizes below 10 ?m. Control of the microbubble generation process can yield highly stable microbubbles. The microbubbles may retain over half of their original gas payload for over three weeks while exhibiting minimal change in microbubble size. The systems, methods, and devices described herein thus allow for continuous or batch-wise continuous production of gas-filled microbubbles that readily release their gas payload when introduced into an under-saturated or de-saturated solution.

Abstract: A process and system mixes drinking water stored in large water tower type storage tanks, preventing stratification of the water, by generating large mixing bubbles in the tank's standpipe, causing mixing of layers of water in the tank through turbulence created as the bubbles rise through the tank. Embodiments of the present invention, adapted for use in storage tanks in which the standpipe serves as both water inlet and outlet, detect flow in the standpipe and provide mixing only when the standpipe is not serving as a water outlet.

Abstract: A drinking water distribution reservoir has a new draft tube mixing arrangement. An intermediate opening in the draft tube enables water to flow between the central passage of the draft tube and an intermediate portion of the tank. Directional walls can be provided on the intermediate opening to help direct flow, and a check valve can be used to prevent flow from the intermediate section of the tank into the draft tube or prevent flow from the draft tube into the intermediate section of the tank. A venturi portion can also be provided on the draft tube to help draw water from the intermediate portion of the tank into the draft tube.

Abstract: A means for mitigating or precluding formation of ice in water stored in large storage tanks generates large mixing bubbles toward the bottom of the tank, causing mixing of thermally stratified layers of water in the tank through turbulence created as the bubbles rise through the tank. Incipient stratification of water along thermoclines is detected and the mixer is engaged only when temperatures of portions of stratified water in the tank approach freezing.

Abstract: A mix head assembly for use in the manufacture of chemical mechanical polishing pad polishing layers is provided, wherein inclusions of entrained gas inclusion defects are minimized.

Abstract: A gas diffusion system comprising a dual pipe diffuser having an inner pipe with perforations through which gas flows and diffuses into a fluid or liquid flowing through an outer pipe that surrounds the inner pipe. The gas diffusion system provides good diffusion of gas into the liquid flow, with no gas loss and requires minimal equipment or space. The gas diffuser allows for easy control of the gas, is low cost and can easily be installed in existing systems.

Abstract: A pneumatic aerator aids in bulk material unloading, handling and transport using tank trailers, hopper cars, and other containers, as its aerator introduces a cyclonic air flow and vibration into the bulk material. This aerator has a housing, one or three guide tubes, an aerator extending through the housing, a gasket upon one end of the aerator generally within the container of the bulk material, and an optional wearplate beneath the gasket. The aerator has a stem with one vane, preferably three vanes, where the vanes and contiguous fins curve counterclockwise in a helical manner. The airflow past the fins and vanes acquires a counterclockwise rotation, rotating the air as it exits radially from the gasket increasing the bulk material unloaded per hour. This aerator also has various gasket thicknesses and edge conditions, guide tubes, and various shapes in the vanes and fins for alternate speeds and directions of airflow.

Abstract: A dispersion apparatus for dispersing a treating agent into a fluid treatment system that includes a flow duct in which a fluid stream flowing through the duct is mixed with the treating agent. The apparatus is based on a multi-pipe lance positioned in the stream flow, where each pipe supplies a minimum of feed discharge nozzles (typically one to four), and the individual pipes branch off from the same location. Use of the multi-pipe lance, in combination with a suitable baffle, results in better overall dispersion/distribution of the injected medium by surface area. By improving the surface area distribution, better utilization of the injected sorbent can be achieved. The baffle acts to generate a low pressure zone on its downstream side and creates a high-intensity turbulence plume in the fluid. The orifices of the pipe are located to inject the treating agent into the turbulence plume to better distribute and intermix the injected treating agent into the surrounding fluid.

Abstract: A gas infuser facilitates dissolving a gas into a liquid to produce a supersaturated liquid. A liquid in the infuser is spread over the surfaces of infuser structures in the infuser chamber such that the liquid forms a film on the surfaces in the presence of a pressurized gas. Preferably the liquid flows by gravity over the surfaces of the infuser structures as it flows in a cascade from an input at the top of the infuser. The infuser described herein may be used with a variety of infuser structures to provide increased surface area for the cascading flow of liquid. The liquid leaves the infuser supersaturated with the gas. The supersaturated liquid can then be used in any one of a variety of industrial type processes. The infuser is preferably a continuous flow process but may also be operated as a batch process. The gas and liquid are preferably introduced together into the infuser under pressure in a non-dissolved state or semi-dissolved state.

Abstract: A metering apparatus for introducing a powdery medium into a fluid includes a mixing vessel that can be filled with a fluid and a metering unit for the powdery medium. The metering unit has an inlet for the powdery medium, an inlet for a compressed gas and an outlet extending towards the mixing vessel, through which the powdery medium and the compressed gas can be discharged into the mixing vessel.

Abstract: A method and an associated apparatus for treating fine-grained material in a spouted bed. Here, the method and design for an associated apparatus for treating fine-grained material in a spouted bed eliminate the drawbacks of the prior art, allow different process conditions in the process chamber to be adjusted in a regulated manner, and has a simple and inexpensive structure. The method is provides that a nearly circular gas flow of the fluidizer is generated in the process chamber (5) by an external annular gap (7) lying on the y-z plane, the diameter of the nearly circular gas flow expands outward in the direction of the x axis inside the process chamber (5), and a nearly circular gas flow of the fluidizer is generated by an internal annular gap (8) lying on the y-z plane, the diameter of the nearly circular gas flow expands inward within the process chamber (5).

Abstract: A gas-solids contactor modification is described which provides for starting or restarting the gas flow to the gas-solids contactor when it is filled with solid particles while preventing the solids from entering and blocking one or more gas inlets which have diameters greater than the solid particle diameters. The apparatus modification comprises a gas plenum and one or more chambers within the gas plenum located between the contactor inlet and the gas inlet. The wall of the chamber has multiple passageways therethrough that are smaller in diameter than the majority of the bed particles. Gas feed to the plenum must pass through the passageways in the chamber walls before entering the contactor. In one embodiment the total open area of the passageways is at least as large as the cross-sectional area of the gas inlet and the inlet to the contactor.

Abstract: A dispersion lance is for use in combination with a fluid treatment system of the type which includes a flow duct in which a fluid stream is mixed with a treating agent. The dispersion lance includes a pipe mounted in the duct with its axis approximately transverse to the direction of the fluid stream flow, the pipe having a series of openings along its length for injecting a treating agent into the fluid stream. A baffle extends lengthwise along the pipe, the baffle having a cross-section the central portion of which is V-shaped, with the apex of the V facing upstream of the fluid stream flow, and with generally flattened wing portions extending from the legs of the V beyond the sides of the pipe in a direction where they transversely intersect the stream flow. The baffle acts to generate a low pressure zone on its downstream side which enhances turbulence in the fluid.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods employed in wet cleaning semiconductor devices are provided. In particular, systems that can deliver deionized water with the desired concentration of CO2 and methods of generating deionized water with a desired concentration of CO2 for use in wet cleaning of semiconductor devices are provided.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing chemical mechanical polishing pad polishing layers that minimizes entrained gas inclusion defects is provided. Also provided is a mix head assembly for use in the manufacture of chemical mechanical polishing pad polishing layers, wherein inclusions of entrained gas inclusion defects are minimized.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for aerating a liquid wherein the liquid to be treated is drawn down a vertical pipe at a predetermined velocity to entrain air bubbles into the moving liquid forming an air liquid mixture, maintaining the air bubbles in liquid contact for a minimum period under increasing hydrostatic pressure to dissolve the air and returning the aerated liquid to the reactor, the air bubbles being generated close to the surface of the liquid above the inlet of the vertical pipe.

Abstract: A method of mixing including providing a flexible container which comprises at least two components, assembling the components from outside the flexible container to form a centrally disposed magnetic driven shaft with at least one impeller, whereby the integrity of the flexible container is maintained, filling the flexible container having the centrally disposed magnetic driven shaft with one or more ingredients of the contents to be mixed; engaging a magnetic element of the centrally disposed magnetic driven shaft with an external magnetic drive element; analyzing the contents of the flexible container using at least one sensor or a sampling line on the flexible container; and draining the contents of the flexible container through a drain port at the bottom of the flexible container.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for gassing liquids, in particular for aerating water, wherein gas is fed to a mixing tube (2) via a gas inlet (7) and liquid via a liquid inlet (13) such as to form a mixture of gas and liquid, which is characterised in that the liquid is introduced centrally via a feed pipe (12) and the mouth opening (13) of the latter into the mixing pipe (2) and is spread in the region of the mouth opening (13) by means of an impact onto a spreader (18).

Abstract: A device for circulating a liquid media in a vessel includes a gas infusion tube having a leading end immersed in the liquid media and a trailing end in fluid communication with a remote air pump. A diffuser is secured to the leading end of the gas infusion tube. The lumen of an outer tube receives the gas infusion tube and the diffuser. The outer tube has a leading end disposed in spaced relation to a bottom wall of the vessel and has a trailing end substantially flush with a level of the liquid media. A plurality of circumferentially spaced openings are formed in the trailing end of the outer tube or in a cap secured to the trailing end. Bubbles are emitted from the diffuser, entraining the liquid media so that it follows a toroidal path of travel that maximizes cell growth.

Abstract: In systems for treating wastewater liquid by utilizing aerobic biological species, the contaminated wastewater stream is pretreated in a dissolved air flotation system to remove suspended solid waste, including large particles such as fats, grease, and physically emulsified oils. The purified wastewater containing dissolved waste is thereafter gasified and further decontaminated in a bioreactor tank. Biological species in the bioreactor tank consume gas and perform bodily functions that converts dissolved waste into easily removable carbon dioxide and suspend solids. Gas consumed by the biological species is replenished by pumping the wastewater though a liquid-gas mixer. A controller regulates the speed of the pump based on real-time gas concentration measurements provided by a corresponding gas probe disposed within the wastewater in the bioreactor tank.

Abstract: An improved bubble forming plate for a mixer employing large bubbles to mix liquids in a tank, comprising a gas injector, a bubble-forming undersurface and at least one permanent magnet affixed to the plate, the magnet providing sufficient magnetic force to retain the plate against the inner surface of the tank.

Abstract: A device for preparing froth, in particular for preparing milk froth by means of hot steam output by a domestic coffee machine, contains an elongate nozzle body having a rear end and a front end, which can be connected in the region of its rear end to a hot steam source and which has an outlet nozzle in the region of its front end. A casing sleeve having a rear end and a front end surrounds the nozzle body and has an air intake opening in the region of its rear end and an outlet opening in the region of its front end, an intermediate space being formed between the nozzle body and the casing sleeve. An outer sleeve surrounds the casing sleeve at least in the region of the rear end of the casing sleeve.