Abstract: In an embodiment of the present invention, a renewable energy fuel is prepared by a process including the steps of: a) providing a renewable energy feedstock; b) providing an alcohol; c) providing a catalyst; d) mixing (a), (b), and (c) to form a blend; and e) homogenizing the blend at a pressure greater than 400 kilogram-force per square centimeter (Kg/cm2).

Abstract: A homogenizer valve includes two or more pressurized, movable valve cones, two or more valve seats and a valve housing which surrounds the valve cones and the valve seats. The valve cones and the valve seats are disposed so that throttles occur between them, which constitute homogenization gaps, which have a gap height h. The homogenization gaps are disposed at an angle in relation to the horizontal plane. The homogenizer valve is intended to be used in existing homogenizers and has been particularly produced to be able to obtain an efficient homogenization for liquids which are processed at a lower pressure and with a greater flow, such as, for example, pasteurized milk.

Abstract: A chemical mixing apparatus has a mixing tank having an inlet and an outlet, means for introducing a liquid into the mixing tank, and a tubular conveyor assembly having a first end and a second end. The second end of the conveyor assembly is sealably connected to the inlet of the mixing tank. A portable hopper having a sealable inlet and a sealable discharge conduit is detachably and sealably connected to the first end of the conveyor assembly such that a solid chemical contained in the chemical storage chamber of the portable hopper may be transported within the portable hopper from a remote location and conveyed from the portable hopper to the mixing tank without exposing the area surrounding the mixing tank to the solid chemical.

Abstract: The invention relates to a homogenizing valve which comprises two or more pressurized, movable valve cones, two or more valve seats, and a valve housing which surrounds the valve cones and the valve seats. The valve cones and the valve seats are arranged such that between them are formed constrictions, which constitute homogenization gaps having a gap height h. Between each individual valve cone and each individual valve seat are formed two homogenization gaps, of which one homogenization gap is radially arranged and one homogenization gap is axially arranged. The homogenizing valve is intended for use in existing homogenizers and is especially produced to be able to acquire an effective homogenization for liquids which are processed at a lower pressure and with a large flow, such as pasteurized milk, for example.

Abstract: A homogenizer valve (1) comprising a ring-shaped first chamber (5) with an inlet (8) for receiving fluid under high pressure, a second ring-shaped chamber (7) with an outlet (9) for fluid under low pressure, a passage head (10) and, between the first and the second chamber, an impact head (11) which is axially mobile with respect to the passage head (10) and acts together with it to define a gap between the impact head (11) and the passage head (10) forming a passage (14) for the fluid passing from the first chamber to the second chamber, and a pusher (15) acting on the impact head (11) to push it in an axial direction towards the passage head (10) thus partially counteracting the pressure exerted by the fluid contained in the first chamber (5) on the annular surface (13) of the impact head (11), this passage (14) comprising at least a first portion (20) and a second portion (21) positioned in sequence between the first chamber and the second chamber, and where the first portion faces in a radial direction an

Abstract: A radial flow steam injection heater that injects a selected amount of steam into a product flow to heat the product flow. The steam injection heater includes a mixing tube that receives the product flow to be heated. The mixing tube includes a series of steam injection holes that are positioned within a steam chamber defined by the heater body. Pressurized steam within the steam chamber flows into the mixing tube in a direction transverse to the flow axis through the steam injection holes. A regulating member is selectively movable relative to the mixing tube to expose the steam injection holes to the steam chamber to control the amount of steam utilized to heat the product flow.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for mixing by producing shear and/or cavitation, and components for the apparatus are disclosed. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a mixing and/or cavitation chamber with an element such as an orifice component that is located adjacent the entrance of the cavitation chamber. The apparatus may further include a blade, such as a knife-like blade, disposed inside the mixing and/or cavitation chamber opposite the orifice component. In one version of such an embodiment, the apparatus is configured to be cleaned in place. The apparatus may, be provided with at least one drain in liquid communication with the mixing chamber. If the apparatus comprises a blade, the apparatus may further include a blade holder that is movable so that the distance between the tip of the blade and the discharge of the orifice can be varied. In this or other embodiments, the apparatus is configured to be scalable.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved homogenisation valve, and more particularly, but not exclusively, to a homogenisation valve for use in homogenising emulsion explosives. The homogenisation device comprises a body having a flow passage therethrough, opposing first and second homogenisation members located in the flow passage; the homogenisation members having opposing homogenisation surfaces that form a flow restriction of the flow passage therebetween. At least one of the homogenisation surfaces has a flow resistance being suitable to cause at least part of the flow passing through the flow restriction to be diverged in a non-linear path across the homogenisation surface.

Abstract: Processes and systems associated with hydrodynamic cavitation-catalyzed oxidation of sulfur-containing substances in a fluid are described. In one example method, carbonaceous fluid is combined with at least one oxidant to form a mixture and then the mixture is flowed through at least one local constriction in a flow-through chamber at a sufficient pressure and flow rate to create hydrodynamic cavitation in the flowing mixture having a power density of between about 3,600 kWatts/cm2 and about 56,000 kWatts/cm2 measured at the surface of the local constriction normal to the direction of fluid flow. The creation of hydrodynamic cavitation in the flowing mixture initiates one or more chemical reactions that, at least in part, oxidize at least some of the sulfur-containing substances in the carbonaceous fluid.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for the mechanically protective production of finely dispersed micro-/nanoemulsions with narrow droplet size distribution, whereby drops are produced on the surface of a membrane or of a filter fabric, and the drops are detached from the membrane or filter fabric surface by motion of the membrane or of the filter fabric in a first immiscible liquid phase in which pronounced stretching flow components in particular, besides shear flow components, bring about the detachment of the drops formed on the membrane surface especially efficiently and protectively. The invention also relates to a device for implementing the method according to the invention with a membrane or filter unit that is positioned to move, in particular to be able to rotate, in a housing with a gap that may be eccentric toward the inner wall of the housing and/or provided with flow baffles that produce stretching flow components.

Abstract: Disclosed is a chemical reaction cartridge including an elastic body as a construction material and a flow path and two or more chambers connected by the flow path formed inside the cartridge, and the cartridge is structured so as to move or block a fluid substance in the flow path or the chambers by partially sealing the flow path, the chambers or both the flow path and the chambers by applying external force to the elastic body from outside, as the chambers, the cartridge has two or more mixing chambers each of which is to contain a mixture in a fluid state and the cartridge has two or more ingredient chambers provided for each of the mixing chambers by being connected with the flow path, in each of which an ingredient of the mixture divided in an amount according to a mixing ratio is to be contained.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved homogenization valve, and more particularly, but not exclusively, to a homogenization valve for use in homogenizing emulsion explosives. The homogenization device comprises a body having a flow passage therethrough, opposing first and second homogenization members located in the flow passage; the homogenization members having opposing homogenization surfaces that form a flow restriction of the flow passage therebetween. At least one of the homogenization surfaces has a flow resistance being suitable to cause at least part of the flow passing through the flow restriction to be diverged in a non-linear path across the homogenization surface.

Abstract: A homogenization device comprising a flow-through channel having at least two local constrictions of flow wherein the size of a first local constrictions is adjustable thereby permitting variable flow rate through one portion of the device and the size of a second local constriction is fixed thereby permitting constant flow rate through another portion of the device.

Abstract: A variable static mixer and system for accommodating variable and different flows in a pipeline so as to produce maximum mixing efficiency including a first mixer mounted in the pipeline and a second mixer mounted in the pipeline at a downstream location wherein the second mixer has a plate with a mixing orifice which plate is adapted to move between non-mixing and mixing positions.

Abstract: A homogenization valve comprises an outer case, a homogenization mechanism contained in the outer case and having at least one homogenization device. The homogenization device comprises a high pressure chamber, in communication with a chamber for feeding the high pressure fluid to be homogenized, a low pressure chamber in communication with a channel for discharging the low pressure homogenized fluid. The high pressure chamber is connected to the low pressure chamber by means of a fluid blow-by port. The valve comprises at least two distinct homogenization devices connected in parallel with a same feeding channel and with a same discharge channel.

Abstract: This invention provides a device and method for creating hydrodynamic cavitation in fluids which includes a flow-through chamber intermediate an inlet opening and an outlet opening; the flow-through chamber having an upstream opening portion communicating with the inlet opening and a downstream opening portion communicating with the outlet opening; the cross-sectional area of the downstream opening portion being greater than the cross-sectional area of the upstream opening portion; and at least two cavitation generators located within the flow-through chamber for generating a hydrodynamic cavitation field downstream from each respective cavitation generator.

Abstract: A device for mixing the components of a mass flow flowing through it, provides a particularly homogeneous mixture with any desired long-term stability, even if components which are generally immiscible or can only be mixed with very great difficulty are being mixed. The device has a body (8), which it is difficult for medium to flow around, arranged in a through-flow chamber (4), this body being arranged at least partially in a part of the through-flow chamber (4) which widens in the direction of flow, so that the cavitation action and mixing action of the supercavitation field generated by the body (8) which it is difficult for medium to flow around is significantly reinforced.

Abstract: A system and process for improving the combustion of fuel oil in boilers employs: (1) dual homogenization of fuel oil and water; (2) recovery of heat from, and injection of, boiler waste water in the homogenization system; (3) mixing of urea and boiler waste water and injection into the boiler exhaust gases.

Abstract: A homogenization device comprising a flow-through channel having at least two local constrictions of flow wherein the size of a first local constrictions is adjustable thereby permitting variable flow rate through one portion of the device and the size of a second local constriction is fixed thereby permitting constant flow rate through another portion of the device.

Abstract: A static mixer (1)to emulsify water and/or other additives in gas oil comprises a hollow structure (2) within which two mixing units (23,27) are disposed, each comprising a first and a second mixing bodies (24, 25, 28, 29) each carrying a frusto-conical boundary surface (24a, 25a, 28a, 29a). The boundary surfaces (24a, 25a, 28a, 29a) are disposed mutually opposite in parallel and facing each other so as to define a narrow mixing gap (26, 30) of truncated conical form at which the mixture runs in a condition of substantially laminar flow and is submitted to shear forces causing emulsification. Also proposed is a process for producing a dispersion, which process can be carried out by said mixer (1).

Abstract: A homogenization device comprising a flow-through channel having at least two local constrictions of flow wherein the size of a first local constrictions is adjustable thereby permitting variable flow rate through one portion of the device and the size of a second local constriction is fixed thereby permitting constant flow rate through another portion of the device.

Abstract: The apparatus is adapted for the admixing of a first fluid, preferably steam into the flow of a second fluid, preferably cellulose pulp. With the purpose of obtaining a high and good admixing capacity and avoiding the generation of noise, the admixing of the second fluid is effected in the end of a pipe, which pipe has an increase in area of at least 50%, directly after the admixing, viewed in the direction of flow of the second fluid.

Abstract: The apparatus is adapted for the admixing of a first fluid, preferably steam into the flow of a second fluid, preferably cellulose pulp. With the purpose of obtaining a high and good admixing capacity and avoiding the generation of noise, the admixing of the second fluid is effected in the end of a pipe, which pipe has an increase in area of at least 50%, directly after the admixing, viewed in the direction of flow of the second fluid.

Abstract: A device for mixing the components of a mass flow flowing through the same provides a particularly homogenous mixture which remains stable for any length of time, even when the components concerned are generally not miscible or are very difficult to mix. The device has a body (8) which is located in a throughflow chamber (4) and is difficult to flow around. This body is situated at least partially in a part of the throughflow chamber (4) that expands in the direction of the flow, so that the cavitation effect and the mixing effect of the supercavitation field produced by the body (8) that is hard to flow around are considerably amplified.

Abstract: An extensional flow mixer especially for viscous liquids has a housing with an end inlet connectable to a pressurized source of the liquids, and an outlet at an opposite end of the housing. A mandrel located in the cavity has protrusions with sloping side surfaces, the outer edges of which cooperate with the internal surface of the cavity to divide the cavity into a series of chambers separated by slits, such that liquid passes successively through all the chambers and slits in moving from the inlet to the outlet. The slits have cross-sectional areas which decrease in the liquid flow direction. The mandrel sides have helical grooves forming passageways with the housing wall which allow liquid to be distributed evenly around the edges of the mandrel to the inlet end or upstream chamber. The mandrel may rotate to provide additional shear mixing.

Abstract: An automatically adjusting jet mixer used in mixing fracturing fluid gel for gas and oil wells. The mixer has an inner nozzle and an attached piston that move axially within the mixer's housing to change the size of the nozzle opening thorough which mix water enters the mixer. One side of the piston has an upstream area and an opposite side has a downstream area. The downstream area is connected to the mix water supply pump and the upstream area is connected to the outlet of a pressure regulator that maintains a constant pressure in the upstream area. The piston and the nozzle move via hydraulic pressure exerted on the piston in proportion to the change in pressure in the downstream area to a position that will maintain a constant mixing jet pressure, thus providing constant specific mixing energy, i.e. constant energy per unit mass of fluid.

Abstract: An extension flow mixer especially for viscous liquids has a housing (10) with an end inlet (12a, 14a) connectable to a pressurized source of the liquid, and an outlet (119) at an opposite end of the housing (10). A mandrel (30) located in the cavity has protrusions (20′, 32′) with sloping side surface, the outer edges of which cooperate with the internal surface (114a) of the cavity to divide the cavity into a series of chambers separated by slits, such that liquid passes successively through all the chambers and slits in moving from the inlet (12a, 14a) to the outlet (119). The slits have cross-sectional areas which decrease in the liquid flow direction. The mandrel (30) sides have helical grooves (134) forming passageways with the housing wall (114a) which allow liquid to be distributed evenly around the edges of the mandrel (30) to the inlet end or upstream chamber. The mandrel (30) may rotate to provide additional shear mixing.

Abstract: This invention provides a device and method for creating hydrodynamic cavitation in fluids which includes a flow-through chamber intermediate an inlet opening and an outlet opening; the flow-through chamber having an upstream opening portion communicating with the inlet opening and a downstream opening portion communicating with the outlet opening; the cross-sectional area of the downstream opening portion being greater than the cross-sectional area of the upstream opening portion; and a cavitation generator located within the flow-through chamber for generating a hydrodynamic cavitation field downstream from the generator. This invention also provides for a device for creating hydrodynamic cavitation in fluids wherein the walls of the flow-through chamber are removable mounted within the device and are interchangeable and replaceable with replacement walls having various shapes and configurations, thereby enabling the flow-through chamber to assume various shapes and configurations to affect cavitation.

Abstract: An assembly for mixing a polymer with water and activating the polymer includes a water/polymer mixing chamber immediately preceding a high shear nozzle formed by a spring loaded plug seated against an outlet orifice of the mixing chamber.

Abstract: The apparatus is used for adding a first fluid to a second fluid. The apparatus has a tube-shaped element. The tube-shaped element has a flow-through channel defined therein for carrying the flow of the second fluid. The flow-through channel has, a substantially constant first cross-sectional area and maintains a first pressure. The apparatus has a chamber defined therein that extends about the tube-shaped element and along a length of the tube-shaped element. The chamber maintaining a second pressure that is greater than the first pressure. A connection supplies the first fluid to the chamber. The tube-shaped element has a plurality of openings defined therein. The openings are disposed adjacent to the chamber so that the first fluid flows through the openings into the second fluid flowing inside the tube-shaped element. A second conduit is attached to the tube-shaped element and directly downstream thereof.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for introduction of a first fluid into a second fluid, that flows in a conduit. A first member with a pass-through canal for said second fluid, is at least partially encircled by a chamber with a wall between the inner part of the chamber and the pass-through canal, and a pressurized source of first fluid which is to be supplied into the chamber. At least one series of apertures is distributed about the periphery of the wall, extending there through, such that the first fluid is introduced through the apertures to be mixed into the second fluid based upon the pressure differential between the pressure in the chamber and the pressure in the pass-through canal. At least a portion of the apertures may be selectively blocked or closed to regulate the flow of the first fluid into the pass-through canal.

Abstract: A homogenization valve includes a housing and stacked valve members within the housing. The valve members have central holes therethrough defining a high pressure volume. Each valve member includes a valve seat defining, with a valve surface, gaps through which fluid is expressed radially from an inside high pressure volume to the outer low pressure volume. An actuator closes one end of the central volume and acts on the valve members to control the width of the gaps. A pressure barrier is positioned within the central volume to reduce the force from the central volume acting on the actuator.

Abstract: A homogenization valve includes a housing and stacked valve members within the housing. The valve members have central holes therethrough defining a high pressure volume. Each valve member includes a valve seat defining, with a valve surface, gaps through which fluid is expressed radially from an inside high pressure volume to the low pressure volume. The actuator acts on the valve members to control the width of the gaps. The valve member includes circumferentially spaced, compressible spacing elements to maintain the gap. The actuator controls substantially all of the gap widths by compressing the spacing elements. Annular springs are positioned within the high pressure volume in spring-grooves in the valve members to align adjoining pairs of valve members to maintain the stacked member configuration.

Abstract: A homogenization valve includes a housing and stacked valve members within the housing. The valve members have central holes therethrough defining a low pressure volume. Each valve member includes a valve seat defining with a valve surface, gaps through which fluid is expressed radially from an outside high pressure volume to the central low pressure volume. The actuator acts on the valve members to control the width of the gaps. A counterbalancing mechanism reduces the amount of actuator force required to maintain a predetermined homogenization pressure.