Abstract: A beverage container for mixing a beverage is disclosed. The beverage container includes a cup having a stirring flap integral to an internal side wall of the cup. The stifling flap has a sine wave shape and comprises a top fin protruding near the top of the internal wall and a bottom fin protruding near the bottom of the internal wall of the cup. The top fin and the bottom fin are separated by a central portion. The cup is swirled in a circular motion by a person's hand to mix the liquid contained within. The central portion allows liquid to pass freely through the middle of the cup to gain momentum when the cup is swirled. The bottom fin has the shape of a lower case letter ‘h’, to allow solid material gathered in the bottom of the cup to pass underneath the bottom fin and mix with liquid.

Abstract: Methods are provided for achieving dynamic mixing of two or more fluid streams using a mixing device. The methods include providing at least two integrated concentric contours that are configured to simultaneously direct fluid flow and transform the kinetic energy level of the first and second fluid streams, and directing fluid flow through the at least two integrated concentric contours such that, in two adjacent contours, the first and second fluid streams are input in opposite directions. As a result, the physical effects acting on each stream of each contour are combined, increasing the kinetic energy of the mix and transforming the mix from a first kinetic energy level to a second kinetic energy level, where the second kinetic energy level is greater than the first kinetic energy level.

Abstract: A microfluidic mixer including one or more mixer channels, each of the mixer channels having at least one glass surface on which are formed protrusions arranged in a herringbone pattern.

Abstract: Static mixer for the treatment of exhaust gases, including an annular support portion and a plurality of substantially coplanar radial vanes that are arranged radially with their rear portions or bases associated with the support portion and the front portions or radial tips converging towards the centre of the mixer, wherein the body of the vanes includes at least three lines of bending, which define respective portions arranged on non parallel planes and defining corresponding impact surfaces for the exhaust gases.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for injecting and mixing a treating agent into a fluid stream. The apparatus comprises at least one pipe having a treating agent flowing therethrough. A flow mixer having a planar middle section with two furcated sides is disposed along the length of the pipe. Each furcated side may include at least two branches, each of which may have a flattened outer edge. The pipe has holes that may inject the treating agent towards the planar middle section. Adjacent flow mixers are separated by a distance. As fluid flows into and past the flow mixers, the injected treating agent is mixed with the fluid stream and the mixing is enhanced in turbulent mixing zones in between the flow mixers.

Abstract: The current disclosure relates to a new fluid composite, a device for producing the fluid composite, and a method of production therewith, and more specifically a fluid composite made of a fuel and its oxidant for burning as part of different systems such as fuel burners, where the fluid composite after a stage of intense molecular between a controlled flow of a liquid such as fuel and a faster flow of compressed highly directional gas such as air results in the creation of a three dimensional matrix of small hallow spheres each made of a layer of fuel around a volume of pressurized gas. In an alternate embodiment, external conditions such as inline pressure warps the spherical cells into a network of oblong shape cells where pressurized air is used as part of the combustion process. In yet another embodiment, additional gas such as air is added via a second inlet to increase the proportion of oxidant to carburant as part of the mixture.

Abstract: An apparatus for blending two or more fluid streams, wherein a first fluid has a higher density than the other fluids, includes a first fluid director and at least a second fluid director providing fluid communication of a first and second fluid stream, respectively, to a primary mixing chamber. The first fluid director includes one or more baffles to disturb the first fluid stream and to direct it toward a rearward portion of the first inlet to the primary mixing chamber. A secondary blending chamber is in fluid communication with the primary chamber outlet and includes at least one, and preferably two static mixers. When two static mixers are serially retained in the secondary blending chamber, they may be skewed rotationally relative to each other such that the orifice profiles of each static mixer are not in alignment.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to propulsion systems, and, more particularly, to a propulsion system including an axial flow water pump assembly and a laminar flow box assembly for generating a streamline laminar slipstream of water velocity that is used in aquatic therapy, aquatic sport fitness rehabilitation, aquatic rehabilitation, swimming, and a variety of other functional therapy and training modalities.

Abstract: The static mixer (1) includes at least one vane pair (2; 2a, 2b) for the generation of a flow swirl (300) in the direction (30) of a passage flow (3). Edges of the vanes at the front at the leading side are perpendicular to the passage flow and parallel to a height of the passage (10). Onflow surfaces following downstream are bent out in a concave manner and in opposite senses. Each vane (2a, 2b) is formed as an aerodynamically designed body which includes an end wall (20), a convex side wall (21) and a concave side wall (22). The end wall has a convex shape or a shape of a leading edge. The vane cross-sections perpendicular to the side walls in particular have similar shapes to cross-sections of aeroplane wings.

Abstract: A flow conditioner for use within a conduit conditions flowing media within the conduit to provide a swirl-free, symmetric, and reproducible velocity profile regardless of upstream flow distortions, disturbances, or anomalies. Tabs are cut from a single plate and bent or affixed to provide conditioning of the flowing media. Single tabs or tab pairs emanating from common vertices can be formed so that they diverge in, or against, the direction of flowing media. The flow conditioner requires as little as three pipe diameters to condition the flow stream allowing close placement to elbows, valves, tees, and other disturbances typically seen in pipes, ducts, or other conduits.

Abstract: The invention relates to a flow channel having a mixing insert and a plurality of tubes guided parallel to the longitudinal axis of the flow channel over the length of the mixing insert, each mixing insert including at least twenty-eight pairwise crossed multi-wall sheets, the ratio of the width of the multi-wall sheets to the inside diameter of the flow channel being no more than 0.25, the ratio of the length of the mixing insert to the inside diameter of the flow channel being no less than 0.4, and the angle of the multi-wall sheets to the longitudinal axis of the flow channel being 30° to 60° and the ratio of the intermediate spacing of neighboring planes to the inside diameter of the flow channel being no more than 0.3, and to the inside diameter of the tubes being less than 6.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described for use in mixing of fluids or mixing ingredients into fluids by means of a static mixer assembly (i.e. without requiring moving mechanical parts, where fluid flow is used to achieve mixing). The static mixer assembly is a cylindrical tube with three pairs of fins extending inward from the inner wall of the tube. The central fins form a prow pointing upstream, with two pairs of flanking fins arranged to prevent unhindered fluid flow parallel to the central axis of the tube a peripheral region, whilst allowing unobstructed flow in a central region and extending to a peripheral region near the inner wall opposite the prow. The fins force fluid outwards along the inner walls from the prow towards the unobstructed peripheral region opposite the prow and additionally fluid spills over the inner edges of the fins into the central region. The resulting flow pattern provides excellent mixing with a low ratio of pressure drop to volumetric flow rate across the assembly.

Abstract: A duct in which a fluid can be conducted is bound by duct walls, wherein the duct walls have an inlet opening and an outlet opening through which the fluid can enter the duct and exit the duct. The fluid has a flow velocity which is smaller along the duct walls than at the duct middle, so that a zone of higher flow velocity and a zone of lower flow velocity can be formed in the duct. A flow guide surface is arranged in the duct by means of which a portion of the fluid can be taken from the zone of higher flow velocity and can be mixed into the zone of lower flow velocity.

Abstract: Provided is a mixing apparatus which can efficiently mix two fluids, for example to create emulsions, which using a relatively low energy input. This objective is met by a mixing device comprising two confronting surfaces (1, 2) having cavities (3, 4) in the surfaces, (1, 2) and wherein the two confronting surfaces are located such that a least three narrow slits (cf. 7, 8, 81) are formed to provide subsequent contraction and expansion of the flow. Especially when the apparatus is run in a static mode, only a low energy input is required, while still providing favourable mixing conditions.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a mixing element for two air flows intersecting in an air conditioner with a main wall of a mixing region for mixing first and second air flows. The main wall is disposed such that an inflow direction of the first and second air flows into the mixing region run longitudinally with respect to a main extension plane of the main wall. The mixing element includes first and second auxiliary walls of the mixing region, each having a main surface at opposite side edges of the main wall, and disposed such that the inflow direction of the first air flow runs past a side edge of the first auxiliary wall and transverse to the main surface of the first auxiliary wall. The inflow direction of the second air flow into the mixing region runs longitudinally with respect to the main surface of the first auxiliary wall.

Abstract: A mixing vessel may include a container having a bottom with a removable plate fixed to the bottom. The removable plate may include one or more slots for inserting baffles therein. A flexible baffle insert may include a retaining band having inner and outer opposing surfaces. A plurality of baffles may extend inwardly from the inner surface of the retaining band.

Abstract: A mixing and/or evaporating device (7) is provided through which exhaust gas can flow axially. The mixing and/or evaporating device (7) is arranged in an exhaust gas-carrying line of an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, especially of a motor vehicle, with a plurality of blades (8), which are arranged distributed in the circumferential direction and which project inwardly from an outer wall (9). Each blade (8) has a profile (10) at least in an area adjoining the outer wall (9) in the axial direction (14), in which profile a discharge edge (12) has an offset (16) in the circumferential direction (15) in relation to the leading edge (11). A reduction of the flow resistance of the device (7) can be achieved if the profile (10) has an angle of incidence (17) each in relation to the axial direction (14) at the leading edge (11) and at the discharge edge (12), which angle is in a range of ?10°, inclusive to +10°, inclusive.

Abstract: A gas mixer (10) for mixing a first gas stream with a second gas stream includes an impact labyrinth (24) in the first gas stream having structures (25), e.g., corrugated walls, forming a tortuous path through which the first gas stream must pass en route to a mixing point (20) in the gas mixer. The labyrinth fosters ignition of particles entrained in the first gas stream. Elongate, straight pipes (30) receive the first gas stream from the impact labyrinth (24) and carrying the first gas stream to the mixing point (20) the pipes (30) are positioned with a vessel (12) carrying the second gas stream. The pipes (30) have openings which are substantially aligned with the flow direction of the second gas stream at the mixing point (20) thereby introducing the first gas stream into the second gas stream in a low shear manner.

Abstract: A mixer for mixing an exhaust flow with a fluid injected into an exhaust pipe includes a first mixing element including a base interconnecting first and second sidewalls and a deflection element positioned to be impacted by the injected fluid as well as a mixing fin positioned downstream of the deflection element. A second mixing element includes first and second spaced apart mounting flanges fixed to inner surfaces of the first and second sidewalls. Alternately, the mixer includes first and second mixing elements positioned within circumferentially spaced apart slots axially extending from an open end of a tubular housing.

Abstract: An improved method for the manufacture of an oil-in-water emulsion comprises using a microfluidisation device whose interaction chamber comprises a plurality of Z-type channels upstream of a back pressure chamber.

Abstract: A static mixing element for installation in a hollow body (10) includes a plurality of bar elements, with a first arrangement (21) including at least one first bar element (3) and being arranged cross-wise with respect to a second arrangement (31) which includes at least one second bar element (4). The first arrangement (21) and the second arrangement (31) include an angle different from 0° to the main direction of flow. The first arrangement includes an angle larger than 0° with the second arrangement. On projection of the first arrangement (21) and of the second arrangement (31) onto a projection plane which is disposed normal to the main direction of flow, intermediate spaces are disposed at least partly between mutually adjacent bar elements.

Abstract: A mixing element for a static mixer for installation into a tubular mixer housing has a longitudinal axis along which at least one first and one second installation body are arranged behind one another. An inlet element is provided which is arranged upstream of the first installation body, wherein the inlet element and the first installation body are connected to one another via a connection element. The inlet element has a body which can be sealingly taken up at the peripheral side in the mixer housing. The body has a first inlet passage and a second inlet passage, wherein the first inlet passage has a first entry opening and a first exit opening, wherein the second inlet passage has a second entry opening and a second exit opening so that the corresponding component can be conducted through the corresponding inlet passage.

Abstract: An asymmetric tetrahedral vortex generator that provides for control of three-dimensional flow separation over an underlying surface by bringing high momentum outer region flow to the wall of the structure using the generated vortex. The energized near-wall flow remains attached to the structure surface significantly further downstream. The device produces a swirling flow with one stream-wise rotation direction which migrates span-wise. When optimized, the device produces very low base drag on structures by keeping flow attached on the leeside surface thereof. This device can: on hydraulic structures, prevent local scour, deflect debris, and reduce drag; improve heat transfer between a flow and an adjacent surface, i.e., heat exchanger or an air conditioner; reduce drag, flow separation, and associated acoustic noise on airfoils, hydrofoils, cars, boats, submarines, rotors, etc.

Abstract: An advanced hydrodynamic cavitation device formed from a cylindrical tube having a flow through chamber. The chamber has a series of stages with each stage formed from at least three plates spaced annularly and extending radially inward at an oblique angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the flow through chamber. Each plate has shear inducing side edges and a plurality of orifices with shear inducing edges. The orifices are arranged perpendicular to the plates and shaped to control the velocity of the fluid. An unrestricted passageway exists along the central axis of the flow through chamber to provide a constant flow for continuous flushing of suspended solids to prevent clogging. Additionally, the passageway will facilitate the insertion of a pressure cleaning tube without requiring that the device be disassembled.

Abstract: A high efficiency mixing device for mixing first and second fluids within a conduit. A biscuit element is positioned at the upstream end of the conduit having a longitudinal axis that coincides with the longitudinal axis of the conduit. The biscuit element is provided with a plurality of openings including a central opening positioned along the longitudinal axis and a plurality of additional openings spaced proximate to the central opening. The openings are provided with primary mixing elements which induce a rotational angular velocity to a first fluid passing therethrough of the same rotational sign. Second fluid feed ports are positioned within each of the openings for introducing a second fluid to the first fluid as the first fluid passes through the openings and into the conduit. Secondary and tertiary mixing elements are optionally located downstream of the biscuit element to enhance the mixing of the first and second fluids.

Abstract: Flow deflector that is capable of changing the flow direction of a fluid during passage through a duct. The duct is formed by an inner and outer duct, which creates an annular region in the duct. The flow deflector forces the fluid passing through the annular region of the duct to flow inside the inner duct, while the fluid passing through the inner duct is forced to flow through the annular region. Reactor tubes for catalytic reactors are formed by assembling tubes comprising said flow deflector and having a catalyst arranged in the inner tube.

Abstract: An energy-saving static stirring apparatus for automatically stirring a fluid includes a deflector adapted for stationary placement in a container that holds a fluid for boiling. The deflector may include at least one friction contact point for frictionally engaging the container to prevent movement of the deflector. An inner portion of the deflector may be configured for placement proximate to a center of the container. An outer portion of the deflector may be configured for placement proximate to a side of the container. One or more deflector ramps define one or more vent openings to impart lateral movement to heated fluid currents and/or vapor bubbles moving upwardly away from a heat source below the container and to redirect the fluid currents and/or vapor bubbles into a swirling motion that stirs the fluid without movement of the deflector.

Abstract: AVClip recorded in BD-ROM is obtained by multiplexing a graphics stream and a video stream. The graphics stream is a PES packet sequence that includes 1) PES packets storing graphics data (ODS) and 2) PES packets storing control information (PCS). In each ODS, values of DTS and PTS indicate a timing of decoding start for corresponding graphics data, and a timing of decoding end for corresponding graphics data, respectively. In each PCS, a value of PTS indicates a display timing of corresponding decoded graphics data combined with the video stream.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for producing a reconstituted food product. The apparatus includes a co-extruder 11 in which a gelling agent 70 and a setting agent 80 are co-extruded into a process stream of comminuted food pieces in a flow passage, with the gelling agent and setting agent being separated by the process stream. The apparatus includes a static mixer 10 of part cylindrical wall elements 22 with inwardly protruding mixer elements 24 in which the process stream, including the gelling agent and setting agent are mixed and the grain and texture of the food pieces altered to produce a reconstituted food product that resembles whole food. The apparatus includes a tenderiser 200 for pre-treating the comminuted food pieces by compressing them between a stationary plate 202 and a vibrating plate 206 in a tapering cavity.

Abstract: The mixer insert (2) for a static mixer (1) extends in one longitudinal direction (L), the mixer insert (2) having a multitude of elements (2e) running transverse to the longitudinal direction (L) and at least two longitudinal supports (2f) running in longitudinal direction (L), and the static mixer insert (2) consisting of a multitude of base elements (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) arranged alongside one another in longitudinal direction (L), each base element (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) comprising a longitudinal support (2f), and the base elements (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) and their longitudinal supports (2f) being arranged relative to one another such that a longitudinal support (2f) running over the entire length of the mixer insert (2) is present, and base elements (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) arranged alongside one another are bonded to one another in a fixed manner at least via the longitudinal supports (2f).

Abstract: A multi-gas mixer for supplying a gas mixture that can uniformly mix a plurality of gases according to the proportional percentages determined by the mass flow rate of each gas is disclosed. The multi-gas mixer comprises a mixer chamber, a plurality of gas inlets, a gas mixture outlet, and at least one gas rotating and mixing unit. The present invention also provides a method for controlling the percentage of each gas to be mixed by use of a plurality of mass flow rate controllers to control the gas flow to produce a gas mixture according to a predetermined proportionality. When the multi-gas mixer delivers a gas mixture to a high-speed plasma torch, the torch can be stably operated under a high voltage (>85V) and a medium current (<650 A) so that a long-arc, high-temperature and high-speed plasma flame can be generated.

Abstract: A mixing element for a static mixer for installation into a tubular mixer housing has a longitudinal axis along which a plurality of installation bodies are arranged behind one another. A first installation body has a first wall element which extends in the direction of the longitudinal axis and a first side wall and a second side wall which is arranged opposite the first side wall. A deflection element is arranged adjacent to the first wall element and has a deflection surface extending in the transverse direction to the wall element at both sides of the wall element. A first opening is provided in the deflection surface at the side which faces the first side wall of the first wall element.

Abstract: A polymer composition containing two kinds of polymers and having a difference in its glass transition temperature of 3° C. or lower between before and after heat-treatment by getting it through a space between two parallel faces in a molten state.

Abstract: A static mixer (10) for mixing a fluid flow includes a mixer conduit (12) and a plurality of mixer baffle segments (30, 32) configured to divide and rotate the fluid flow. Each of the mixer baffle segments (30, 32) may consist of a plurality of planar baffle plates (40, 42, 44, 50, 52, 54, 56) interconnected together to minimize complex geometries that are difficult to mold. The planar baffle plates may be connected by chamfered surfaces (66) to minimize sharp corners which damage sensitive fluids in the mixer conduit (12). Each mixer baffle segment (30, 32) may include three planar divider baffle plates (40, 42, 44) oriented parallel to the direction of flow (F) and four planar occluding baffle plates (50, 52, 54, 56) oriented perpendicular to the direction of flow (F). The static mixer (10) thoroughly mixes two or more fluids passing through the mixer conduit (12).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a static mixer (9) for installation in a fluid line, in particular exhaust line (5) of a combustion engine (1), with an annular body (10) comprising at least one blade row (11) with a plurality of guide blades (12) standing away from the annular body (10) to the inside. A cost-effective producibility is obtained when the annular body (10) in the circumferential direction (13) consists of at least two part bodies (14), when part bodies (14) adjacent in the circumferential direction (13) are fastened to one another and when each part body (14) comprises a plurality of guide blades (12).

Abstract: A static conditioner for mounting within a tubular conduit in turn supporting fluid flow therein and including a two-stage construction having a first stage including primary vanes including laterally extending caps radially inwardly extending into the fluid flow so as to separate and direct flow against the conduit walls and a second stage of secondary plates positioned immediately downstream of the first stage and laterally offset therefrom so as to eliminate swirl and turbulence remaining in the flow after the first stage.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for mixing gas streams of different temperatures and/or compositions contemplates that at least one of the streams contains particle. The apparatus includes a main duct for the first gas stream and a plurality of duct assemblies extending in the main duct generally transversely to the first gas stream. Each assembly has plural inlets and outlets for receiving and discharging separate parts of the second gas stream, moving initially generally transverse to the first stream. The assemblies each have plural secondary ducts of mutually different lengths from inlet to outlet, the outlets being spaced from each other across the main duct for distributing the parts of the second gas stream into the first gas stream. A gas flow deflector is connected to each duct assembly for temporarily deflecting the first gas stream before it is combined with the parts of the second gas stream.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are described for use in the irradiation of fluids. The apparatus has an elongate conduit (312) having a central axis (334) and two or more elongate ultraviolet radiation sources (114) extending along the interior of the conduit for irradiation of the fluid within the conduit. An array of static mixer elements (300) is located within the conduit, and the two or more elongate ultraviolet radiation sources (114) are arranged to extend through apertures in deflection surfaces of the static mixer elements making up the array (300). The apparatus and method allows for reliable and uniform ultraviolet irradiation of fluids of low UV transmissivity, such as turbid fluids, particularly for ultraviolet disinfection of such fluids. Wipers may be fitted to the static mixer elements to enable relative movement between the static mixer elements and the surfaces of the elongate ultraviolet radiation sources to clean the surfaces of the sources without need to dismantle the apparatus.

Abstract: The invention provides devices and methods for increasing the degree of mixing of fluids, including under conditions of laminar flow and turbulent flow. In one embodiment, mixing of fluids using the invention's devices and methods is increased by splitting the flow of at least one of the fluids into two or more inlet channels. This is optionally followed by further splitting and merging (e.g., using one or more split and merge (SAM) mixer) the fluids.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for mixing an exhaust gas flow with a fluid in an exhaust gas pipe 40 of an exhaust gas system 4, in which the fluid is injected by means of an injection device 5 into the exhaust gas pipe 40. The exhaust gas flow is guided in the exhaust gas pipe 40 in the area of the injection device 5 in a direction of flow S parallel to the exhaust gas pipe 40. The fluid is injected directly onto a deflection element 6 which is arranged in the exhaust gas pipe 40 in a central direction of injection E which deviates from the direction of flow S by an angle se, wherein by means of at least one sheet metal part 60 which is provided on the deflection element 6 and which is raised at least partially at an angle sv with reference to the direction of flow S, the exhaust gas flow is diverted with reference to the direction of flow S from its direction of flow S into a central direction of distribution V.

Abstract: A microchip for forming an emulsion has a first glass substrate, a second glass substrate and a silicon substrate. The silicon substrate has formed therein a first fluid flow path through which a first fluid flows and a second fluid flow path through which a second fluid that is not mixed with the first fluid flows. The first fluid flow path has a plurality of branched flow paths that join at a joint portion. The second fluid flow path communicates with the joint portion. The silicon substrate has formed therein an emulsion formation flow path that faces an edge portion of the second fluid flow path at the joint portion. An emulsion composed of the first fluid and the second fluid that is surrounded by the first fluid is formed in the emulsion formation flow path.

Abstract: A ballast-water treating apparatus that improves the performance of an in-line mixer so as to be able to sterilize a large volume of ballast water within a short period of time. There is provided a ballast-water treating apparatus that includes pipelines for feeding water to a ship's ballast tank(s) and for draining water from the ballast tank(s), ballast pumps on the pipelines, an ozone generator or hydrogen peroxide generator, a gas/liquid injection pipe for introducing generated ozone or hydrogen peroxide into the pipelines; and an in-line mixer that has two blades disposed crosswise in a tubular part composed of a main tubular part, a subsidiary tubular part that has an inside diameter smaller than that of the main tubular part and that is furnished with multiple projections, and a tapered part. The ballast-water treating apparatus can simultaneously carry out mechanical destructive sterilization via a swirling flow and sterilization of chemically active substances by micromixing.

Abstract: Interaction between two different species of particles in a fluid stream is promoted by generating turbulent eddies in the fluid stream. The turbulent eddies are designed to be of such size and/or intensity that the two species of particles are entrained into the eddies to significantly different extents. Consequently, the different species of particles follow different trajectories, and the likelihood of collisions or interactions between the particles is increased. Optimum collision rates will occur for a system which maintains a Stokes Number (St) much less than 1 for one species, and or order 1 or greater for the other species. The invention has particular application in air pollution control, by promoting agglomeration of fine pollutant particles in air streams into larger particles to thereby facilitate their subsequent removal from the air streams.

Abstract: A carbon monoxide remover includes a reactor body having an inner space, and a catalyst provided in the inner space of the reactor body to react with the reforming gas. A diffusion unit is installed at an inlet portion of the reactor body for introducing the reforming gas to diffuse the reforming gas over the entire area of the catalyst.

Abstract: Using the Mapping Method different designs of SMX motionless mixers are analyzed and optimized. The three design parameters that constitute a specific SMX design are: the number of cross-bars over the width of channel, Nx, the number of parallel cross-bars per element, Np, and the angle between opposite cross-bars ?. Optimizing Nx, somewhat surprisingly reveals that in the standard design with Np=3, Nx=6 is the optimum using both energy efficiency as well as compactness as criteria. Increasing Nx results in under-stretching and decreasing Nx leads to over-stretching of the interface. Increasing Np makes interfacial stretching more effective by co-operating vortices. Comparing realized to optimal stretching, we find the optimum series for all possible SMX(n) designs to obey the universal design rule Np=(?)Nx?1, for Nx=3, 6, 9, 12, . . .

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed for mixing and self-cleaning elements in microfluidic systems based on electrothermally induced fluid flow. The apparatus and methods provide for the control of fluid flow in and between components in a microfluidic system to cause the removal of unwanted liquids and particulates or mixing of liquids. The geometry and position of electrodes is adjusted to generate a temperature gradient in the liquid, thereby causing a non-uniform distribution of dielectric properties within the liquid. The dielectric non-uniformity produces a body force and flow in the solution, which is controlled by element and electrode geometries, electrode placement, and the frequency and waveform of the applied voltage.

Abstract: A channel forming body of a reactor has a base plate, a first sealing member bonded to one surface of the base plate and a second sealing member bonded to the other surface of the base plate. A plurality of first inlet grooves forming first inlet paths and a plurality of reaction grooves forming reaction grooves are formed in parallel and side by side in one surface of the base plate. A plurality of second inlet grooves forming second inlet paths are formed in parallel and side by side in the other surface of the base plate. A plurality of junction holes forming junction channels penetrate the base plate from the one surface to the other surface between corresponding ones of the respective first and second inlet grooves and the reaction grooves corresponding to the inlet grooves to connect downstream ends of the inlet grooves and upstream ends of the reaction grooves.

Abstract: A fluid conditioner for a fluid traveling through a conduit, the conduit having a longitudinal axis and substantially circular cross-section. The fluid conditioner includes a static mixing element and a straightener plate. The preferred static mixer is one having a flat generally rectangular central portion having first and second sets of ears affixed on opposite sides of the central portion. The sets of ears include first and second ears bent respectively in upward and downward directions relative to the plane of the central portion wherein each pair of ears located diagonally opposite one another across the central portion are bent in the same direction relative to the plane of the central portion.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for mixing at least one gaseous fluid stream with a large gas stream flowing in a gas duct, especially for introducing a reducing agent into a flue gas containing nitrogen oxides. The gas stream is directed against at least one disk-shaped mixer element on an inlet side that is inclined at an angle counter to the direction of flow of the gas stream, wherein eddy-type whirls form at the mixer element. The gaseous fluid stream is guided essentially to the center of an impact surface associated with the discharge side of the mixer element and is admixed with a gas stream downstream of the mixer element and is guided essentially perpendicularly onto the center of the impact surface on the discharge side such that the gaseous fluid is distributed over the entire discharge side from the center thereof and is incorporated across the entire whirl system formed at the peripheral edge of the mixer element.

Abstract: A mixer for mixing at least first and second fluids comprises a conduit configured to receive a stream of the first and second fluids. A first series of mixing elements are disposed within the conduit and configured to divide the stream in a first direction. A second series of mixing elements are disposed within the conduit and configured to divide the stream in a second direction different from the first direction.