Abstract: A static mixer is disclosed comprising a mixer insert and an enclosing housing having a central axis. The insert includes at least three interleaved grids and each of the grids includes a plurality of layers that are superposed parallel one to the others. Each of the layers includes a plurality of bars that are mutually parallel one to the others. There is an angle of 30 to 60 degrees between each of the bars and the axis.

Abstract: The mixing element (2) is provided for a flange transition (10) in a pipeline (1) and can be mounted between two flanges (11, 12) of the pipeline. It comprises a mixing-active structure (25) which is formed by one or two vanes (25a, 25b) within a ring (20). Two mutually inclined planes (21, 22) can be defined, with the one vane being arranged on the one plane or the two vanes being arranged on the two planes. The two planes intersect at a crossing axis (23). Closed sub-surfaces (52, 51′) as well as open pieces of surface (51, 520, 521, 522) of vanes form a surface pattern (5) which is formed asymmetrically with respect to the crossing axis.

Abstract: The present invention provides a variety of techniques for altering a surface using fluid flow. Generally, the invention involves creating adjacent components of a fluid stream exhibiting laminar flow, the first and second components mixing only via diffusion and being free of turbulent mixing. The first and second components are made to flow adjacent first and second portions, respectively, of a surface, and the first and second portions of the surface can be altered, selectively, using the components of the fluid stream. For example, at the first portion of the surface etching, plating, biological deposition, or the like can be carried out, while at the second portion of the surface a different situation can exist. At the second portion the same interaction can be effected as at the first portion, but to a different extent, or a different interaction or no interaction at all can be effected.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a static mixing element (1) having a mixing channel (2) of substantially tubular shape which is undivided in axial direction and swirl vanes (4a, 4A, 4b, 4B) which are arranged beside each other and axially one after another in said mixing channel (2) and which radially abut on the inner wall of said mixing channel (2) and are, in this area, interconnected with said inner wall. Even in case of mixing very viscous components resp. mixing components at high flow rates, in which cases the forces applied by the flowing components to the swirl vanes (4a, 4A, 4b, 4B) are quite huge, the correct axial position of the swirl vanes, in particular in the entry area of the mixing element (1), can be assured. Especially for long mixing elements (1), this leads, under the before mentioned conditions, to a considerable improvement in mixing quality.

Abstract: A cooker designed for sugar products in the form of a tube heat exchanger, in which within a jacket housing a bundle of narrowly spaced pipes flow through by a heat medium extend, which pipes are flowed over by material which are supplied and withdrawn by pipe fittings along the side, wherein deflection plates are provided within the jacket housing which define flow chambers and openings for the transition of the materials to be treated from one flow chamber to the next, thereby characterized, that the deflection plates (5) along a narrow edge area are provided with segment like openings (6) and these openings are situated on diametrically opposing sides of the inner wall of the jacket housing (1), wherein the opening in the first deflection plate in the flow direction lies opposite the introduction pipe fitting (11) for the material and the opening of the last deflection plate lies opposite the withdrawal pipe fitting (12).

Abstract: A static mixer includes profiled layers which are arranged in a ring space and which contain mutually crossing flow channels which are inclined relative to a central axis. A fluid mixture is to be transported in the axial direction in the presence of a mixing action. Each layer extends over a surface which forms a closed or largely closed periphery transverse to the axis. Each layer comprises equivalent channels which extend on an inner or outer side of the layer over at least approximately equally long distances from a first to a second cross-section of the ring space, so that each channel imposes an azimuthal velocity component onto the fluid mixture which flows through it which is substantially equally large for all equivalent channels.

Abstract: A static mixer having one or more stages and/or elements. The static mixer may be scaled from bench size to any commercially desired size. During scale-up the surface area to void volume ratio is maintained constant. Maintaining this ratio constant may be accomplished by increasing the number of bars in each element of the static mixer.

Abstract: The pipe member (1) having an infeed point (2) for an additive (20), or having a plurality of such infeed points includes a pipe wall (11) and a static mixing element (12). The infeed points are provided for introducing the additives into a flowing, low viscosity fluid (10). The static mixing element consists of a pair of vanes (5a, 5) and of a third vane (6). The vane pair (5), which forms a restriction deflecting the flow (10′) of the fluid, is formed with substantially mirror symmetry with respect to a central plane (15) extending in the direction of the flow. The third vane is arranged in a crossing manner with respect to the vane pair and in a lying manner in the region of the central plane. It has a rear side (60) with respect to the flow which extends from a base at the pipe wall to a downstream end. Each infeed point is arranged at the rear side of the third vane.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for forming stabilized atomized microemulsions from different liquids which are normally immiscible; the apparatus according to the invention comprises a primary chamber and a sequence of at least two cavitation chambers arranged in succession, means for feeding primary and secondary fluids into the primary chamber, and means for the exit of the formed microemulsion from the last cavitation chamber, the primary chamber and the cavitation chambers being fluid-connected to each other by way of fluid passage means which are adapted to produce a velocity of the fluids, during passage through the passage means, which gradually increases from the primary chamber toward the last cavitation chamber.

Abstract: A static mixer for mixing at least two materials wherein the mixer includes a conduit having interior walls and a central, longitudinal axis along which materials flow. The mixer has a number of baffles arranged inside the conduit and each baffle has at least two, planar webs that intersect one another and extend parallel to the flow direction wherein one web forms a rear fin extending in the material flow direction. In addition, the mixer has at least two, forward angled surfaces and at least two, rear angled surfaces that are connected by the two planar webs.

Abstract: An injection system used to generate an acrodynamically induced force, with accordance to the present invention, serving as an air-cushion non-contact supporting system. The system comprises a high pressure manifold (101), connected by high pressure pipe (103), to a high pressure source (102). A SASO-conduit (1), whose inlet (2) is connected to the high pressure manifold, and the outlet (3) is located on the injection-surface (104), of the injection system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a mixer for mixing flows of a papermaking process. In the invention, a first flow is conveyed through a tube, and turbulence is generated in it by means of form parts located on the inner periphery of the tube. The mixing zone of the mixer comprises feed openings on the inner periphery of the tube for feeding a second flow from a feed channel outside the tube into the first flow, whereby the flows are mixed as a result of the turbulence generated by the form parts. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one form part comprises a feed opening.

Abstract: A static mixer comprising a hollow housing defining an internal longitudinal passageway within which there is arranged an assembly of planer mixer elements having projecting longitudinal components.

Abstract: A reactor (and especially a gas-lift reactor, and even more especially a bio-reactor, such as a fermentor) includes a static mixer arranged in a re-circulating reactor flow. The static mixer comprises a longitudinally elongated conduit having tabs that are arranged with respective first edges adjacent the conduit wall, and respective opposed second edges that are spaced radially inwardly from the conduit wall. These tabs are operable as fluid foils so that with fluid flowing through the conduit, greater fluid pressures manifest against the tab's upstream faces relative to reduced fluid pressures against their downstream faces. The resultant pressure difference in the fluid adjacent, respectively, the mutually opposed faces of each of the tabs causes a longitudinal flow of fluid through the conduit over and past each said tab, to be redirected. As a result of that redirection, there is introduced a radial cross-flow component to the longitudinal flow of fluid through the conduit.

Abstract: A compact cross-channel mixer having several stacked foils is provided whereby flow channels are formed due to a special profiling of the foils, e.g., a sine wave design. The flow channels of foils that are positioned on top of each other. The stacked foils that form a mixing element are rotated about the main flow direction.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and method for accomplishing fluid disinfection by passing fluid flow through a uniform array of ultraviolet lamps having cross sections perpendicular to the direction of fluid flow that define channels for the fluid flow. Positioned next to the end of each lamp at the entrance of the fluid flow are triangular shaped delta wings having surfaces inclined at an angle to the direction of fluid flow. The interaction of the fluid flow with each delta wing creates a pair of vortices that rotate in the same direction or in directions opposed to each other. The counter-rotating vortices reinforce each other to minimize dissipation of their mixing strength as they move down the channel. Due to these co-reinforcing properties these counter-rotating vortices more promote efficient mixing of the fluid which is required to achieve more efficient use of the light in the UV disinfection systems, along with heat and/or mass transfer in chemical reactions.

Abstract: A heatable and coolable static mixer comprising at least two adjacently arranged layers of bars, wherein the bars of neighboring layers cross one another and are interconnected at the crossing points and wherein the layers of bars have heat transfer ducts passing through them at the crossing points.

Abstract: A filler body with a cross channel structure for a packing column or a static mixer apparatus. The filler body is built up of layers that border on one another in which in each case channels are arranged parallel to one another. Lateral channels which are open to one another extend at boundary surfaces between adjacent layers. These lateral channels form a cross-wise arrangement. At least a portion of the layers in each case contain central channels in addition to the lateral channels. A material separation at the boundaries between the central and the lateral channels is produced in about one half of the cases by regularly arranged wall sections. The channel boundaries in the zones of the other half are open.

Abstract: A static mixer having one or more stages and/or elements. The static mixer may be scaled from bench size to any commercially desired size. During scale-up the surface area to void volume ratio is maintained constant. Maintaining this ratio constant may be accomplished by increasing the number of bars in each element of the static mixer.

Abstract: A saddle element for a static mixer includes a generally ring-shaped support structure having a central axis, concentric inner and outer, radially spaced, circumferentially extending surfaces, and first and second axially spaced, generally parallel edge surfaces. The inner surface of the ring-shaped support structure defines a fluid flow path which extends along the central axis. The edge surfaces of the ring-shaped support structure are located in respective generally parallel transverse planes which are essentially perpendicular relative to the central axis. The saddle element also includes a plurality of crossbars that are located in the flow path. The crossbars have a first end which is closer to the transverse plane of the first edge of the ring-shaped support structure than to the transverse plane of the second edge of the ring-shaped support structure.

Abstract: The component (1) for a static mixer (100) is manufactured by cutting and forming or by stamping out of a planar material strip (10). It extends in a longitudinal direction (11) given by the material strip.

Abstract: A fluid mixing device comprising at least one mixing element specifically oriented with respect to the direction of fluid flow through the device. This novel orientation of the mixing element results in improved fluid mixing.

Abstract: A vortex sewage disposal apparatus for the disposal of construction sewage, comprising a hopper-type casing, a water inlet pipe, a lower outlet and a frame; within the water inlet pipe these are provided rapid-mixing blades, on the wall of the inlet pipe there are provided an upper and a lower reagent-filling holes used to add two treatment reagents successively, at the center of the hopper casing there is provided a central tube, at the lower end of the central tube there is mounted a conical separator, and inside the central tube there is provided a screw-type water lifter; on the top of the hopper casing there is provided a top baffle plate acting as an upper cover; a bleed pipe is provided for discharging oil and gas, the silt is discharged through the lower outlet, and the clear water ascents to a clear water tank and a water-directing tray and then flows into a water discharging pipe after crossing a dam board to be discharged.

Abstract: A method for mixing one or more fluid streams or for mixing solid particles with one or more fluid streams involves flowing the materials to be mixed through a static fluid mixer. The mixer includes an elongated fluid flow conduit having a centrally located longitudinally extending axis and an inner generally cylindrical wall extending around said axis and defining a fluid flow path within the conduit which extends along the central axis of the conduit. The mixer also includes at least two circumferentially offset internal baffle members designed to create countery-rotating vortices in fluids passing through the conduit. The first baffle is in the form of an elongated inclined plate positioned in said fluid flow path at a first location in said conduit. This baffle plate has an upstream end, a downstream end and a longitudinal axis.

Abstract: Disclosed is a mixing apparatus where a fluid is progressing from an Inlet tubing (1) to an Outlet tubing (4). Every segment of the liquid is part by part transferred to the Outlet channel via numerous restrictor channels (6). The distances between the restrictor channels (6) determine a dispersion pattern for any segment of the flow, progressing from the inlet chamber in the form of a reservoir channel (5) to the Outlet (4). The nearer the outlet channels are placed one to another, the higher is the permeability to the outlet collector at the respective location.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a static mixing element (1) having a mixing channel (2) of substantially tubular shape which is undivided in axial direction and swirl vanes (4a, 4A, 4b, 4B) which are arranged beside each other and axially one after another in said mixing channel (2) and which radially abut on the inner wall of said mixing channel (2) and are, in this area, interconnected with said inner wall. Even in case of mixing very viscous components resp. mixing components at high flow rates, in which cases the forces applied by the flowing components to the swirl vanes (4a, 4A, 4b, 4B) are quite huge, the correct axial position of the swirl vanes, in particular in the entry area of the mixing element (1), can be assured. Especially for long mixing elements (1), this leads, under the before mentioned conditions, to a considerable improvement in mixing quality.

Abstract: A compact cross-channel mixer having several stacked foils is provided whereby flow channels are formed due to a special profiling of the foils, e.g., a sine wave design. The flow channels of foils that are positioned on top of each other. The stacked foils that form a mixing element are rotated about the main flow direction.

Abstract: Static mixer module, consisting of a disc which is provided with a multiplicity of orifices (6) and is structured on its front side and on its rear side by means of channels (4, 5), and in which the orifices (6) are made in the flanks (8) of the inlet channels (4) and open into the flanks (9) of the mixing channels (5). Furthermore, a mixer arrangement is described, which consists of at least two static mixer elements arranged one behind the other, at least one mixer element being a disc-shaped static mixer module. The mixer module and the mixer arrangement are used in pipelines and housings through which a flow passes.

Abstract: The static mixer comprises profiled layers (1, 2) which are arranged in a ring space (3) and which contain mutually crossing flow channels (14, 24) which are inclined relative to a central axis (z). A fluid mixture (4) is to be transported in the axial direction in the presence of a mixing action. Each layer extends over a surface which forms a closed or largely closed periphery transverse to the axis (z). Each layer comprises equivalent channels (14, 14′, 24 and 24′ respectively) which extend on an inner or outer side of the layer over at least approximately equally long distances from a first to a second cross-section of the ring space, so that each channel imposes an azimuthal velocity component (40, 41) onto the fluid mixture which flows through it which is substantially equally large for all equivalent channels.

Abstract: The mixing element (2) is provided for a flange transition (10) in a pipeline (1) and can be mounted between two flanges (11, 12) of the pipeline. It comprises a mixing-active structure (25) which is formed by one or two vanes (25a, 25b) within a ring (20). Two mutually inclined planes (21, 22) can be defined, with the one vane being arranged on the one plane or the two vanes being arranged on the two planes. The two planes intersect at a crossing axis (23). Closed sub-surfaces (52, 51′) as well as open pieces of surface (51, 520, 521, 522) of the vanes form a surface pattern (5) which is formed asymmetrically with respect to the crossing axis.

Abstract: An in-line mixer is disclosed that provides uniform blending of chemicals, polymers or gases in serous fluids, serous solids or water waste streams with components that are either fibrous, gummy, tacky or larger than normal substances that would plug up inline mixers that now exist. The materials are mixed while in transit and the design provides for self cleaning where material do not accumulate. The in-line mixer has inclined plates set apart, and the plates extend past the center axis of the pipe. One or more injection ports are positioned just past the plates where the turbulence allows mixing but preventing material accumulation.

Abstract: A method and a device for producing a dispersed mixture from at least two phases. To do this, the first and the second phase are subdivided into split streams so that the split streams from the first phase are located on a first flat layer and the split streams from the second phase are located on a second flat layer, the split streams of the first phase inside the flat layer being fed onto the split streams of the second phase at an angle in order to bring about a dispersion and mixing process, wherein the flat layers are directly arranged on top of each other, and parallel to each other. The device consists of at least one base unit containing two foils into which a parallel assembly of grooves is inserted on one side of each foil. Both foils are configured in the base unit such that the sides of the foils fitted with grooves lie on top of each other and form an angle with each other.

Abstract: In the reaction process, at least two educts A, B are divided by a system, assigned to each of them, of slit-like microchannels 1a, 1b into spatially separate fluid lamellae, which then emerge into a common mixing and reaction space 4. The fluid lamellae here have a thickness <1,000 &mgr;m, preferably <100 &mgr;m, at a width thickness ratio of at least 10. It is essential here that educts A, B can emerge as thin fluid lamellae 6a, 6b into the mixing/reaction space 4, each fluid lamella 6a of an educt A being led into the mixing/reaction space 4 in the immediate vicinity of a fluid lamella 6b of another educt B. The adjacent fluid lamellae 6a, 6b then subsequently mix by diffusion and/or turbulence. As a result, the mixing operation is accelerated substantially compared with conventional reactors. In the case of rapid chemical reactions, the formation of undesirable by-products or secondary products is largely prevented in this manner.

Abstract: The static mixer (1) comprises a plurality of mixing chambers (8) which form a mixer structure (1′). The mixing chambers (8) are arranged one behind the other as well as adjacently in a tube (10) along a tube axis (11). They can be used for mixing at least two flowable components (A, B). The mixer structure represents a modification (9) of a basic structure (1″). In said basic structure (1″) the mixing chambers (8) are bounded off from one another by radial walls (2, 3) which are oriented in the direction of the tube axis and by walls (4, 4a, 4b) which are transverse to the tube axis. Apertures between adjacent chambers in the radial walls form inputs and outputs (6a, 6b and, respectively, 7a, 7b) for the components to be mixed. The modification (9) consists of structure changes at individual locations of the basic structure (1″).

Abstract: A static mixer is disclosed comprising a mixer insert and an enclosing housing having a central axis. The insert includes at least three interleaved grids and each of the grids includes a plurality of layers that are superposed parallel one to the others. Each of the layers includes a plurality of bars that are mutually parallel one to the others. There is an angle of 30 to 60 degrees between each of the bars and the axis.

Abstract: A microstructures lamellae mixer comprising a guide component for supplying fluids to be mixed to a mixing chamber, the guide component being composed of a plurality of foils which are layered one above the other and into which microchannels are incorporated such that separate fluids supplied to the guide component are formed into spatially separated microstreams which then emerge adjacent to each other in a mixing chamber.

Abstract: A micromixer having a mixing chamber for mixing two fluids. The mixing chamber has a first inlet arrangement for the supply of a first fluid and a second inlet arrangement for the supply of a second fluid. The mixing chamber includes a wall along which the first fluid flows, and the second inlet arrangement has at least one opening in the wall. A projection is located on the wall adjacent to the opening and extending into the mixing chamber so that the first fluid flows around the projection and builds a boundary layer with the second fluid. Mixing takes place by diffusion through the boundary layer.

Abstract: A static mixer apparatus for mixing viscous fluids is constructed from an inner housing (2) which has an inlet for material to be mixed (7) and an outlet for material to be mixed (8) and which comprises two or more layers of undulating or zigzag bars (1; 2) which are parallel to each other and which are disposed one above another rotated by an angle &agr;, preferably of 90°, to each other in an alternating manner and which are joined to each other at their upper or lower vertices. The bars (3, 1; 4, 14) are provided in particular with channels (6, 16; 5, 15) for the passage of a heat transfer fluid so that the mixer can also be employed as a heat exchanger.

Abstract: A device for stirring up gas flowing through a duct (2) accommodating one or more flat insertion structures (1) positioned at an acute angle to the main gas stream. Each structure constitutes an eddy-generating surface with a freely washed forward edge directed toward the oncoming gas and facing partly along and partly across the flowing gas. Each structure can be contoured in cross-section. The object is to decrease the weight of the structures. Each structure is accordingly basically a trapezium with two parallel edges of different length, the shorter edge of the installed structure facing upstream and the longer edge provided with an aerodynamic sweep and facing downstream. The structure is also accordingly folded along three straight lines (3) to form an .omega. or w in cross-section, with two convex folds (5) flanking a single concave fold (4).

Abstract: A plurality of structured packing bricks are positioned in a column having a longitudinal axis to form one or more structured packing beds. Each brick is formed from a plurality of corrugated plates disposed in parallel relation and having opposed ends that form end surfaces of the bricks. At least one end surface, and normally both end surfaces, of the bricks are inclined at an angle to the column axis so each brick has an end surface that engages and overlaps the inclined end surface of a horizontally adjacent brick. The inclined end surfaces include openings formed by the plate corrugations and, due to the overlapping positioning of adjacent end surfaces, liquid is able to flow vertically downwardly from openings in one brick end surface into openings in the adjacent brick end surface. These angle end surfaces also disrupt the vertical flow of vapor so that vertical channeling of vapor along the end surfaces is disrupted. The shape of the packing bricks can include trapezoidal and parallelogram.

Abstract: A combined mixing and deflection unit includes a flow conduit for a medium flowing in a given direction. The flow conduit has a bend region, a given direction downstream of the bend region as seen in the given flow direction, and a cross section. A guide configuration is disposed in the bend region for deflecting the flowing medium from a main flow direction. The guide configuration defines a plane aligned approximately parallel to the given direction downstream of the bend region. The guide configuration has openings formed therein being evenly distributed over the cross section of the flow conduit.

Abstract: Apparatus for applying a thin liquid coat to muscle meat comprises a conduit of generally constant cross-section along which the muscle meat is forced under pressure. The conduit has an entry port for the introduction of the liquid, and fixed structure is provided for promoting the relative movement of the meat chunks within the conduit to cause the liquid material to be smeared over the surface of the meat chunks. Suitably the fixed structure comprises at least one zone wherein the cross-section differs from that of the conduit. The cross-section of the zone may be characterized by one or more of an increased cross-section area, or by a decreased cross-sectional area, or by a different aspect ratio. The liquid may be one part of a two part settable adhesive; the other part of which is applied to the meat separately from the one part.

Abstract: The invention relates to a drainage collective pipe joint where wastewater flowing in a collective housing of multiple floors is subjected to swirl flow and is allowed to flow down. The drainage collective pipe joint comprises an upper vertical pipe connection port to connect an upper vertical pipe, a main body part having a taper pipe part formed in downward taper shape at lower side and installed at lower side of the upper vertical pipe connection port, a lower vertical pipe connection port installed at lower side of the main body part and capable of connecting a lower vertical pipe, at least one horizontal branch pipe connection port installed at the main body part and connected a horizontal branch pipe, and a plurality of drainage flow control guides projected from an inner circumferential wall at lower side of the horizontal branch pipe connection port of the main body part and capable of controlling the drainage flow.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for conducting sonochemical reactions and processes using in large scales liquid medium volumes is disclosed which passes a hydrodynamic liquid flow at a velocity through a flow through channel internally containing at least one element to produce a local constriction of the hydrodynamic liquid flow. The velocity of the liquid flow in the local constriction is at least 16 m/sec. A hydrodynamic cavitation cavern is created down stream of the local constriction, thereby generating cavitation bubbles. The cavitation bubbles are shifted with the liquid flow to an outlet from the flow through channel and the static pressure of the liquid flow is increased to at least 0.85 kg/cm.sup.2. The cavitation bubbles are then collapsed in the elevated static pressure zone, thereby initiating the sonochemical reactions and processes.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and method for accomplishing fluid disinfection by passing fluid flow through a uniform array of ultraviolet lamps having cross sections perpendicular to the direction of fluid flow that define channels for the fluid flow. Positioned next to the end of each lamp at the entrance of the fluid flow are triangular shaped delta wings having surfaces inclined at an angle to the direction of fluid flow. The interaction of the fluid flow with each delta wing creates a pair of vortices that rotate in the same direction or in directions opposed to each other. The counter-rotating vortices reinforce each other to minimize dissipation of their mixing strength as they move down the channel. Due to these co-reinforcing properties these counter-rotating vortices more promote efficient mixing of the fluid which is required to achieve more efficient use of the light in the UV disinfection systems, along with heat and/or mass transfer in chemical reactions.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for conducting sonochemical reactions and processes using in large scales liquid medium volumes is disclosed which passes a hydrodynamic liquid flow at a velocity through a flow through channel internally containing at least one element to produce a local constriction of the hydrodynamic liquid flow. The velocity of the liquid flow in the local constriction is at least 16 m/sec. A hydrodynamic cavitation cavern is created down stream of the local constriction, thereby generating cavitation bubbles. The cavitation bubbles are shifted with the liquid flow to an outlet from the flow through channel and the static pressure of the liquid flow is increased to at least 0.85 kg/cm.sup.2. The cavitation bubbles are then collapsed in the elevated static pressure zone, thereby initiating the sonochemical reactions and processes.

Abstract: A static mixer conduit comprises a longitudinally elongated conduit having tabs that are arranged with respective first edges adjacent the conduit wall and respective opposed second edges that are spaced radially inward from the conduit wall. These tabs are operable as fluid foils so that with fluid flowing through the conduit, greater fluid pressures manifest against the tab's upstream faces relative to reduced fluid pressures against their downstream faces. The resultant pressure difference in the fluid adjacent, respectively, the mutually opposed faces of each of the tabs causes a longitudinal flow of fluid through the conduit over and past each said tab to be redirected. As a result of the redirection, there is introduced a radial cross-flow component to the longitudinal flow of fluid through the conduit.

Abstract: A plurality of structured packing bricks are positioned in a column having a longitudinal axis to form one or more structured packing beds. Each brick is formed from a plurality of corrugated plates disposed in parallel relation and having opposed ends that form end surfaces of the bricks. At least one end surface, and normally both end surfaces, of the bricks are inclined at an angle to the column axis so each brick has an end surface that engages and overlaps the inclined end surface of a horizontally adjacent brick. The inclined end surfaces include openings formed by the plate corrugations and, due to the overlapping positioning of adjacent end surfaces, liquid is able to flow vertically downwardly from openings in one brick end surface into openings in the adjacent brick end surface. These angle end surfaces also disrupt the vertical flow of vapor so that vertical channeling of vapor along the end surfaces is disrupted. The shape of the packing bricks can include trapezoidal and parallelogram.

Abstract: An insert for placement within a generally tubular fluid conduit having an inner conduit wall. The insert functions to provide quasi-laminar flow to a fluid, and is constructed as a generally ring shaped flow-through structure having an outer wall and an inner wall. The outer wall has a shape complimentary to the inner conduit wall such that the structure can be held by friction fit at an interface of the outer wall and conduit wall. The inner wall of the structure has projecting inwardly therefrom a plurality of uniformly spaced generally sinusoidal shaped vanes each terminating at an apex disposed between about 0.4 and 0.8 the radius dimension of the structure, and extending longitudinally preferably helically at an angle between about 17 degrees and 19 degrees in relation to a horizontal plane.

Abstract: The static mixing element in a flow channel (7) has at least two deflectors (30) disposed on mountings (20) at a distance from the channel wall. The deflectors form an angle W of from 10.degree. to 45.degree. to the main flow direction Z. They have different orientations and the projection FZ of the deflectors in the main flow direction amounts to from 5% to 50% of the channel cross-section F. Cross-flows providing very efficient transverse mixing are therefore produced in a simple manner. When dispensing tubes (20, 21) are used as mountings a very effective mixing device is provided.