Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for mixing fluid and/or granular substances, whereby greater mutual dispersion of at least two substances is achieved by attaining greater turbulence while minimizing the required amount of mechanical structure. Each of at least two substances is fed at a different angle in a belt-shaped stream to a nozzle, under pressures according to the viscosity of each substance. After initial mutual dispersion is achieved in the nozzle, the mixture passes to a mixing tube having a varying cross-section along its length, the varying cross-section creating further turbulence of the mixture passing through the mixing tube, causing further dispersion of the substances within the mixture.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing an acid compound wherein an aqueous medium is pumped through a first reactor into which ammonia is injected. The first reactor comprises a venturi with a mixing deflector in the throat of the venturi. The ammonia is introduced to the first reactor via an inclined fitting proximate to the deflector. The aqueous ammonia medium is caused to flow through a second reactor downstream from the first reactor wherein sulfuric acid is injected and mixed with the aqueous ammonia medium resulting in an exothermic reaction between the ammonia and sulfuric acid under high temperatures and pressures. The sulfuric acid inlet of the second reactor comprises an inclined fitting which extends into the second reactor to form a baffle to facilitate mixing of the sulfuric acid and the aqueous ammonia mixture. The ammonia/sulfuric acid mixture then flows into a vat wherein the temperature and pressure of the compound are reduced.

Abstract: The present invention is a continuous type of fluid mixing and feeding device; particularly, a batch fluid mixing and feeding device and an automatic and continuously conveying device are combined in order to mix and feed two or more than two kinds of fluids at a given temperature and a given viscosity, under controlled pressure. The mixing and feeding device comprises a first mixing means with rotary means, a pressure-varying mixer, and a multi-stage mixing means in a given number and being arranged in a suitable sequence. In this device, the fluid is processed through forward and reverse rotation, pressure-varying, and pushing repeatedly; fluids having different viscosity and particle size will thoroughly be pressed, cut, diverged, and mixed repeatedly during the feeding steps; then, a mixed fluid output at a constant temperature and constant pressure will be obtained continuously.

Abstract: A one-piece turbulator comprising a rectangular frame with two laterally spaced parallel bars having corresponding ends interconnected by end cross bars, and cross-pieces in the frame. The cross-pieces have a portion extending between the parallel bars, and a further portion projecting perpendicular to a plane defined by the axes of the parallel bars.

Abstract: A passive fluid mixing system having one or more mixers each comprising a mixing chamber (12), a fluid entrance passageway (18) and a fluid exit passageway (20), the passageways being located at opposite ends of the chamber and displaced substantially 180.degree. from each other and lying at least in part in common plane including the axis (13) of the chamber.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a linear in-line mixing system wherein a plurality of tubular elements removably located within a conduit in end-to-end relationship define a passage through which materials to be mixed flow. The elements each contain a pair of helical vanes spiralled in opposite directions about the associated element's longitudinal axis, and engaging elements are interlocked to prevent relative rotation.

Abstract: In the purification of oil used for example in light metal rolling, and contaminated by abraded particles, a coagulating agent, for example an aqueous soda solution, is added by means of a dosaging device (7) and mixed in a device (5) which comprises a static dispersing device (8) with a jet pump (9) connected thereafter with a recirculation loop (10). The mixing is normally carried out at an elevated temperature and a heating step (3,4) included. After mixing, the coagulates formed are separated, typically in a centrifuge (14). The invention is particularly suited to the purification of the rolling oil occurring in the manufacture of aluminium foils.

Abstract: A mixing chamber designed for ready disassembly is described in which a generally spherical-shaped outer container encloses an inner sphere. Entry and exit openings are provided on opposite sides of the outer sphere, so that breath specimens pass through the chamber between the outer surface of the inner sphere and the inner surface of the outer sphere and undergo thorough mixing with low back pressure over a wide flow range. The interior volume can be increased by using a hollow inner sphere with an opening through the wall thereof to permit the inner sphere to fill with breath specimen also.

Abstract: A flotation cell for removal of solid particles contained in a liquid has, upstream of its inlet, a mixing chamber providing a passage through which the liquid passes to the cell inlet and in which the liquid is charged with air or other gas to form bubbles therein. This chamber is provided with at least one pair of opposed, converging walls extending across the passage to form opposite faces of a liquid flow path to a restricted gap between these walls at their greatest convergence, and so arranged that substantially all the liquid flowing through the chamber is forced to pass through such a flow path. Gas injection means provides a flow of gas under super-atmospheric pressure into the liquid flowing between these walls in the vicinity of the restricted gap between them to form bubbles in the liquid distributed across the path of flow.

Abstract: A motionless mixing device includes a conduit having a mixing element therein which is formed by deforming flat stock material. The mixing element includes two substantially identical segments or halves that each having a sinuous cross-section between opposite ends and are interconnected along the center of the conduit with the two segments being axially staggered with respect to each other.

Abstract: Systems for mixing gaseous medium streams at different temperatures are for changing the direction of flow of a stream which alleviate the effect of pressure losses. A plurality of hollow airfoil shaped vanes are positioned within a first gaseous stream, and the second stream is conveyed through the hollow vane and discharged into the first stream through a slot at the trailing edge of the vane. Fixed or movable flow direct the rate and direction of the discharge flow.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed which is useful for mixing ammonia, in a vapor-liquid phase, with an additive composition, in a liquid phase, to obtain a homogeneous vapor-liquid mixture of the anhydrous ammonia and the liquid additive compound. The apparatus described herein is particularly suitable for use in a field applicator, for applying the anhydrous ammonia to the soil, as a nitrogen fertilizer, in combination with an additive, such as a nitrogen stabilizer. In operation, the vapor-liquid ammonia stream is metered through a meter regulator and then passed downwardly into a mixing chamber. Below the meter regulator is a delivery tube through which the liquid additive is metered into the ammonia stream before entering the mixing chamber. Inside the mixing chamber the ammonia-additive stream is further mixed to obtain a homogeneous mixture, which is then passed downwardly into a distribution chamber. From this chamber the mixture is delivered to a use point, such as a row of soil knives in a field applicator.

Abstract: A pressure letdown valve includes a housing with a bore passing therethrough which may be tapered and adaptable of receiving internally a coaxial central tube with tapered outside diameter and also two concentric sets of circular baffles frictionally secured in place within the tapers in an interjacent relationship therebetween and so arranged as to provide an alternating valve and baffle structure with multitude of flow reversals fluid passing through the valve must complete with accomplished throttling of high pressure fluid entering valve bore via a fluid supply port located in the center to proceed by way of central tube into the region of peripherally spaced alternately attached baffles respectively sealing on said bore and said central tube for a large pressure reduction through a process of energy conversion when flowing over the plurality of such baffles to exit at substantially lower pressure via a fluid exhaust port including internal valving means and means for a modular baffle assembly and dis-ass

Abstract: An apparatus for mixing an additive with molten paving material and for application of the resultant paving composition. The apparatus includes a mixing mechanism in heat transfer relationship with a heated materials tank for recirculatingly moving molten asphalt from the materials tank through the mixing mechanism and back to the materials tank with the additive being added and mixed with the recirculating molten paving material for production of the resulting paving composition which is subsequently supplied from the heated materials tank to an applicator device of the apparatus.

Abstract: Ammonium orthophosphate products are prepared by reacting ammonia and phosphoric acid together at high speed under vigorous mixing conditions by spraying the reactants through a two-phase, dual coaxial mixer/sprayer and separately controlling the supply and axial outflow rate of the phosphoric acid at 1 to 10 m/sec. and the outflow rate of ammonia at 200 to 1000 m/sec. (N.T.P.). Thorough mixing and a homogeneous product is obtained by directing the outflow spray into a coaxial cylindrical reaction chamber of a specified size with respect to the diameter of the outermost duct of the sprayer/mixer. The product may be granulated on a moving bed of granules and adjusted in respect of the NH.sub.3 to H.sub.3 PO.sub.4 content by changing the concentration of the phosphoric acid and/or supplying additional ammonia to the granulation bed.

Abstract: In a method and installation for providing a stable mixture of heavy oil and water to an oil burner, heavy oil is supplied from a storage tank to an oil tank where it is maintained at a selected pressure and a temperature of 35.degree.-45.degree. C. Water is supplied from a water source to a water tank where it is maintained at a selected pressure and a temperature of 30.degree.-40.degree. C. Oil from the oil tank and water from the water tank are pumped into and through an agitator at a pressure of 3.5-5.5 kg/cm.sup.2 while maintaining the temperature of the oil and water above 30.degree. C. The agitator comprises a cylindrical casing containing a first set of static disc-like elements having inclined holes to produce a swirling motion of the oil-water and a second set of static disc-like elements each having a central protruding dome portion surrounded by a rim portion.

Abstract: A fuel is prepared for efficient combustion in an oil burner by mixing fuel oil with from 30 to 60% by volume of water. The apparatus for mixing the oil and water include turbulence created by fluid flow and turbulence created by mechanical agitation. Compressed air used to create turbulence and mixing provides better combustion and less pollution when burning the resulting mixture.

Abstract: A valve for adding ingredients to or sampling the fluid flowing through the valve includes an adjustable solid stem which can be extended through the flow path of a pipeline to form a seal with a seat positioned directly opposite the stem. An injection nozzle is fitted into the seat to permit addition of ingredients or sampling of the fluid when the stem is retracted from the seat. When the stem is seated, flow still occurs in the flow path.

Abstract: A heat exchange device comprising a liquid flow tube with an inner cylinder located interiorly of the tube and a turbulator arranged generally helically around the cylinder with edgewise adjacent fins in the form of separate tongues in which each fin is at an angle of about 100.degree.-110.degree. from the inner cylinder on which the turbulator is located. This angle is measured from the cylinder in the direction of flow of the liquid flowing through the tube. Adjacent edges of adjacent fins describe a divergent V from the cylinder toward the tube and thereby describe channels between adjacent fins for directing the liquid outwardly toward the tube.

Abstract: A compact mixing apparatus includes a housing and at least one motionless, although possibly vibrated, mixing element in the housing. The mixing element divides into plural streams fluid-like material flowing therethrough, at least twice relatively abruptly changes the flow direction of such streams and preferably imparts rotational momentum to the streams. A chamber in the housing permits generally turbulent mixing of such streams after they exit the mixing element. In accordance with the method of the invention fluid-like material delivered to a housing is divided into plural streams which have their flow directions changed at least twice, and the streams possibly also are rotated and are then combined in a relatively turbulent manner to form a well-mixed output. Moreover, a combustion engine system is disclosed using such a mixing apparatus to mix fuel with a supplemental fluid, with the combined material being delivered to such engine for combustion.

Abstract: In a jet torch of the type in which a venturi yields a high-velocity stream of air entrained with combustible gas released from a pressurized tank, the stream gases are mixed for reliable and efficient burning, while at the same time sidewall cooling and flashback-suppression are promoted, by thin crossed vanes edge-locked within the flame tube and bent without twist to deflect the stream gases about the cylindrical interior of the flame tube for resulting swirling motion.

Abstract: An improved static mixer is disclosed which is capable of efficient mixing and is of a construction which allows relatively inexpensive manufacture. A pair of flow channels are provided for respectively receiving the fluids to be mixed at respective ends thereof. The flow channels have at least one common wall element therebetween, the common wall element having an undulating shape which alternately enlarges and restricts one of the channels while simultaneously alternately restricting and enlarging the other of the channels in opposing relationship. The common wall has openings therein at about the peaks and valleys of the undulations. In operation, two fluids to be mixed are introduced to the respective flow channels. At each peak or valley of the undulating wall element, the opposing enlargement and restriction of the two channels causes a pressure difference and results in a cross flow through the openings in the common wall element.

Abstract: An apparatus for mixing materials having no moving parts in which a plurality of mixing elements are arranged in parallel around the inner periphery of a conduit. The elements are held in place around the periphery by a support member which is positioned along the longitudinal axis of the conduit. Substantial stream division of material flowing in the mixer conduit is achieved over a short distance with a minimum pressure drop. Each of the plurality of elements initially imparts a rotational vector to portions of the material stream.

Abstract: A device for homogenization of a particle filled fluid stream in which a conduit has a plurality of baffles which extend inwardly into the conduit so as to cross the fluid stream to be divided into smaller streams, preferably crossing over each other when being divided.

Abstract: A portable device for mixing two materials for discharge from a nozzle characterized by a separate container for each of the two materials with each container having means to discharge the contents of the container under pressure through a discharge tube, a mixing tube of flexible material having a discharge end and an inlet end with a mixing element received in the mixing tube and extending between the ends, a nozzle attached to the discharge end, and coupling means attached to the inlet end for connecting the discharge tubes of the containers thereto. The mixing element may take the form of a helically twisted strip member which may have projections extending from opposite edges thereof or may have one or more rows of perforation to form helical extending element spaced apart by a row of perforations and interconnected by bars extending between adjacent perforations.

Abstract: A process for achieving a uniform flow profile of very viscous liquids when flowing through tubes or reaction chambers, wherein the very viscous liquid is passed through annular spaces extending concentrically with increasing diameter over the entire cross-section of the tubes or reaction chambers and having the same depth in the direction of flow, and this procedure is repeated once or several times, the annular spaces being staggered with respect to each other as viewed in the direction of flow, and an apparatus consisting of a combination of two or more discs arranged at axial intervals within a tube transversely to the direction of flow, each disc consisting of a plurality of ring-shaped bands of increasing diameter, the bands being arranged freely of one another and concentrically at intervals on a grid supporting means to provide correspondingly concentric open spaces between the bands over the entire cross-section of the tube, with the walls of the bands running parallel to the direction of flow, and t

Abstract: A mixing device for conveying a fuel mixture into the inlet manifold of a combustion engine formed by an outer casing having an inlet pipe for the fuel components to be treated connected to the casing. A system of inclined blades is disposed in the casing for dividing the mixture into thin layers and a system formed by two co-axial truncated cones placed tip to tip provided radially inwardly of, and co-axial with the system of blades. The material to be treated is fed through a ring of jet nozzles surrounding at least one of the truncated cones and through a Venturi tube located downstream of the system to increase the turbulence during movement of the mixture.

Abstract: An in-line blender is provided for mixing a single fluid or blending it with at least one other substance. The blender includes a conduit having a hollow interior disposed about a central axis and a shaft extending longitudinally through the conduit along the central axis. The blender also includes a plurality of stationary mixing stages extending in series along the central axis with each of the mixing stages defining a plurality of spiral channels within the hollow interior of the conduit. Each of the mixing stages includes a plurality of distinct segments extending in series along the central axis. The blender further includes means for adjusting both the angular and the axial position of each of the segments with respect to adjacent segments along the shaft.

Abstract: A motionless mixer for combining different substances brought into communication therewith. The mixer includes at least two tubular members. Each tubular member has at least one spiral corrugated surface thereon. The members are arranged so that different substances brought into and out of communication therewith including the at least one corrugated surface will be mixed together.

Abstract: An in-line blender is provided for mixing a single fluid or blending it with at least one other substance. The blender includes a conduit having a hollow interior disposed about a central axis and a shaft extending longitudinally through the conduit along the central axis. The blender also includes a plurality of stationary mixing stages extending in series along the central axis with each of the mixing stages defining a plurality of spiral channels within the hollow interior of the conduit. Each of the mixing stages includes a plurality of distinct segments extending in series along the central axis. The blender further includes means for adjusting both the angular and the axial position of each of the segments with respect to adjacent segments along the shaft.

Abstract: The invention relates to apparatus for the wet-treatment of textile materials particularly in endless web or rope form whether as yarn or made-up. Wet-treatment liquid, particularly dye liquor is introduced into a driving nozzle through which the rope passes through a feed pipe having internal baffles arranged preferably in a helical formation.

Abstract: Particulate materials are blended in a vessel which has a plurality of vertically extending conduits therein. The conduits are provided with a plurality of openings within the vessel, and terminate in a common collection zone. Certain of the openings are provided with baffle means to permit particles to enter the tubes when there is flow of particles through the tubes from higher elevations. The locations of the openings and the baffle sizes are selected such that the total flow of particles through the conduits at progressively lower elevations in the vessel increases substantially as a linear function with respect to vertical distance measured downwardly. An inverted cone can be employed in the bottom of the vessel to provide more uniform mixing of materials that do not flow through the conduits.