Abstract: A continuous mixer with twin parallel rotors, a feed end and a discharge end is disclosed which is characterized by mismatched rotors. The apexes, or points at which the rotor tips change direction, are substantially misaligned as between the individual rotors of the pair.

Abstract: A viscous liquids feeder for an extruding machine including a first container having a pair of cone-shaped rotors and a second container having a screw, the first container being jointed to the second container at a given angle so that the mass of viscous materials in the first container can be extruded into the second container in which the material is fed by the screw toward the mold provided at the head of the second container.

Abstract: A mixer having an elongate barrel with an interior wall defining a mixing chamber, at least a pair of shafts extending axially within the barrel driven in the same direction of rotation and at the same speed of rotation, and mixing elements on each of the shafts. Radially opposite paddles are on each of the shafts, each comprising hub portions and wing portions radially spaced from the hub portions. The wing portions extend axially to overlie the hub portions and each wing portion has a radially inner surface generating the configuration of the radially inner surface of a wing portion on the radially adjacent paddle and further has a radially outer surface generating hub portions of the radially adjacent paddle, and the wall of the chamber.

Abstract: Material mixing apparatus and methods wherein a barrel defines a mixing chamber, a pair of parallel mixing shafts extend within the barrel chamber and are driven in the same direction of rotation and at the same speed of rotation, mixing elements are on each of the shafts in radial interwiping relation, the barrel has a pair of radially separated, reduced cross-section, annular discharge chambers through which the shafts extend, and one of the discharge chambers has a radial discharge port interjacent its ends, the barrel has a cross-sectionally enlarged end pass chamber through which the shafts further extend at the ends of the discharge chambers, the end pass chamber being of such cross-sectional volume relative to the conveying capacity of the other discharge chamber, as to operate in a partially starved mode at substantially atmospheric pressure, radially aligned paddle portions are on each of the shafts in the end pass chamber, shaped to wipe one another and the end pass chamber wall, one of the shafts h

Abstract: A mixer for food products and the like in commercial quantities comprises a horizontally elongated body with a trough bottom in which rotates one or more horizontal drive shafts carrying an agitator in the form of a helical ribbon or worm of a radius matching that of the trough bottom. The ribbon supports a number of scraper units on it, each scraper unit including a scraper body having a broad face facing toward the trough bottom, the broad face terminating in two opposed relatively sharp edges. The scraper bodies are mounted for rocking movement so that the leading edge will be forced into scraping engagement with the trough bottom and will remain in engagement with the trough bottom even though the trough is wavy or uneven. Either of the edges of the scraper body can be the leading edge, depending on the direction of rotation of the agitator drive shaft. The vessel preferably is formed with a pair of arcuate troughs which have a circumferential arc of 180.degree.

Abstract: A mini-extruder apparatus for extruding small quantities of material. The apparatus is designed to overcome the problems of excessive heat transfer from the heated portion of the barrel to the feed portion of the extruder barrel and the premature failure of the long thin extruder screws employed in extruders. The mini-extruder includes an extruder barrel having a substantially circumferential, radially extending cavity formed in an isolator portion of the extruder barrel to thermally isolate the feed portion from the heated portion. The mini-extruder also includes a drive system constructed to drive the extruder screw at both ends. The mini-extruder can also be designed as a co-rotating or counter-rotating twin screw extruder where each end of each extruder screw is driven.

Abstract: An apparatus for the production of long-chain polymers, especially polyesters, is designed with several shafts arranged vertically in ring fashion inside a common housing, with parallel axes and driven in equal direction, each of which carries a number of disk-shaped processing elements arranged axially in a row and in parallel planes, with which adjacent shafts mesh, leaving narrow gaps of predetermined width. These processing elements together with the shafts enclose at least one cavity that is under negative pressure and in whose area the processing elements are arranged in such a way that their circumferential surfaces are exposed.

Abstract: Apparatus for preparing a chocolate paste in which the various ingredients comprising at least cocoa and powdered sugar are subject to operations of grinding to a predetermined degree of particle size, of fluidification by dispersion of the particles of sugar and of cocoa into a continuous fatty phase and of degasification for the removal of water and undesirable volatile compounds. At least part of the treatment is carried out in a conveyor with several screws and an arrangement for regulating the temperature of the entrained material. After preliminary grinding of the ingredients to obtain a refined paste having the desired degree of particle size in the screw conveyor, dry-conching of the refined paste is carried out and then the liquefaction of the paste is obtained by the incorporation of additives in accordance with the receipe.

Abstract: Apparatus and method are provided in a system for continuously feeding disparate materials into a compounding extruder for the inline sheet extrusion of a highly filled thermoplastic material having at least about 65 percent by weight of filler. The apparatus and method of the present invention are particularly suitable in conjunction with the continuous lamination of the inline sheet extruder product with carpet.

Abstract: A mixing and kneading machine comprises a rotating shaft with four circumferentially juxtaposed kneading members, which have an angle of inclination bringing about an axial feed action. Another shaft rotates four times faster. The faster rotating shaft has kneading members with a four times greater slope than the kneading members on the slower shaft. A faster axial product feed in the casing part surrounding the more rapidly rotating shaft is prevented by baffle plates provided in said casing part, so that a narrower residence time distribution for the product is obtained.

Abstract: A screw element for use in a material-processing machine comprising at least one screw formed by a central driving shaft (2) on which are mounted a plurality of hollow elements (12, 13 . . . ) provided on their inner wall with grooves (31) engaging with corresponding splines (21) of the central shaft (2). A cylindrical inner collar (3) made from a product resistant to the mechanical driving stresses and on the inner wall (32) of which are formed the grooves (31) corresponding to the splines (21) of the shaft, and an outer collar (4) made from a product resistant to the abrasion of the processed material and on which are formed, within the body of the outer collar, helical threads (42) or other peripheral material-processing means, the outer collar (4) being mounted without clearance on the inner collar (3) and being connected to the inner collar for rotation therewith. The invention is applicable in particular to the construction of extruding machines.

Abstract: There is provided a method and apparatus for discharging storage bins within which difficult-to-handle materials are stored, the apparatus including a container adapted to be fixed to the bottom of the storage bin or silo, having horizontally spaced apart parallel shafts disposed within the container for counter-rotational movement therebetween. Working tools are attached to the shafts by radially extending arms and extend toward and substantially up to the side walls of the container. The working tools are double wedge shaped having substantially triangularly shaped sides converging toward each other at their connection to the shafts and converging toward each other to define a forward or leading edge in the direction of rotation of the tool. The bottom surfaces of the tools are recessed from the bottom edges of the triangularly shaped sides.

Abstract: The discharge apparatus comprises an at least four-shaft screw pump having engaging shafts (1,2,3,4) which rotate in opposite directions in pairs. The viscous product to be processed is caught up over a large area and removed by the screws. A double shaft screw pump is connected downstream of the actual collection zone as a pressure build-up zone. The two center screws (2, 3) of the collection zone merge equiaxially into the screw shafts (2a, 3a) of the pressure build-up zone. The collection zone and the pressure build-up zone are combined into one constructional unit. At least one screw shaft is driven. The resulting high viscosity product strands (7) are caught up by the screws in the collection zone and are moved on into the pressure build-up zone. The double shaft screw pump is used for the build up of a high operational pressure and thus provides the prerequisite for the subsequent connection of further procedural stages.

Abstract: A roller-mill for mixing and plasticizing materials, comprises two tempered, rotatable rollers which are operable at different circumferential speeds. The rolls are long and are provided with angular grooves which are inclinedly disposed relative to the axis of rotation of the rolls. The grooves on the two rolls extend in opposite directions to one another. The grooves producing biaxial shearing in the nip between the rolls because material is reliably fed into the nip. The grooves also produce a simultaneous, axial conveying of the material. Along the roll nip, various materials which are to be mixed can feed-in simultaneously or successively and, depending upon the intended purpose of the end product, the materials are removed from the device for further processing in either a partially plasticized state or in a fully homogenized state, as desired.

Abstract: The screw extruder has a casing (2-6) formed from several casing members (1) and in it are mounted screws (14) formed from screw members (10, 11). Between the casing members (3-6) are arranged orifice plates (19), which block the passage of the screws (10) with the exception of a restricted gap. A gear (26) is provided for driving the screw (10, 11). The screw shafts (12, 13) extend through the gear (26) and are supported on a thrust bearing, fixed by means of tie rods (25) to the casing (1). As a result of this construction, the screw press can be used for processing widely differing materials, without any significant modifications. Any liquid is removed by suction and the resulting solids are dried and can be briquetted by a shaping head.

Abstract: A twin screw extruder drive system includes a pair of parallel juxtaposed output shafts each of which is fixed to a sun gear of a planetary gear set. Each gear set includes a plurality of planet idler gears which are only rotatable about their axes and engage both the sun gear and a ring gear. Symmetrically disposed about the circumference of the ring gear are at least two drive pinions. The two gear sets have parallel axes and are axially offset from one another with the output shafts extending through a space between the planet gears of the other gear set. In one embodiment each drive pinion is driven by a separate electric motor and all motors are electronically and mechanically speed synchronized. A single electric motor is employed to drive all drive pinions in an alternate configuration.

Abstract: Counter-rotating intermeshing rotors are employed to generate films of viscous material to enhance processing. The rotors are configured that they trap viscous material in open-ended chambers defined by the rotor surfaces. As rotation proceeds the chambers decrease in volume and the material is expelled through the ends of the chambers as a film. Longitudinally adjacent rotors each have a different angular orientation about their centers of rotation to provide a sawtooth stepped helix to convey material longitudinally.

Abstract: Multishafted, continuous mixing and kneading of plastifiable compounds using mutually engaging worm elements which rotate in the same sense, at a constant axial separation. Along the direction of advance, the worm elements have successive zones with different numbers of threads. Each zone with the smaller number of threads follows a zone with a larger number of threads. The worm elements mesh with one another in successive zones so that the worm element of one zone has a self-cleaning action upon one another, and the zone with the smaller number of threads has a housing with a larger interior bore and larger corresponding worms than the zone with the larger number of threads, so that, in the zone with the smaller number of threads, the free cross-section is larger than in the preceding zone. Both zones have fill openings that can be charged independently of one another.

Abstract: Pigment dispersion is manufactured by continuously flushing pigment press-cake. First and second troughs supply hydrophobic liquid organic media and the pigment wet-cake respectively at a constant rate to a twin screw co-rotating extruder having a L/D (length/diameter) value of 25 or more. The twin screw co-rotating extruder includes a feeding part where the hydrophobic liquid organic media and the pigment wet-cake are fed from the first and second troughs, a flushing part for flushing the pigment particles from water phase to form an organic medium phase, and a dehydrating part for removing water from the flushed mixture. The hydrophobic liquid organic media and the pigment wet-cake are fed to the twin screw co-rotating extruder, and the pigment press-cake is flushed and dehydrated continuously in the extruder to obtain the pigment dispersion.

Abstract: Continuous homogenization and mixing of plastic material using a plurality of elements with worm threads having the same pitch direction. The elements engage one another to form a near fit and can be driven in the same sense. Each worm element is divided into successive disks, which correspond from element to element. The disks of each group of worm elements are turned by the same angle in the same sense. The front side surfaces of the disks which become free during rotation have centric shoulders with heights and widths that permit full movement of the respective frontal sides when the worm elements rotate.

Abstract: A mixing apparatus for blending one or more relatively viscous liquids into a homogeneous mixture, the apparatus including a fixed vessel, a pair of rotors rotatively housed in the vessel, each rotor rotating on its own rotary shaft, the rotary shafts being rotated in opposing directions, the rotors having helical mixing vanes thereon wound oppositely in directions and differently in number, wherein the outside diameters D.sub.1, D.sub.2 of the rotors, the distance A between the rotary shafts, the rotating angular velocities of the rotors, and the number of the helical vanes are defined by the numerical criterion: A is smaller than 1/2(D.sub.1 +D.sub.2), and the ratio between velocities of the rotors is equal to the inverse number of the ratio between the numbers of the helical mixing vanes.

Abstract: Dough is dispensed from the bottom of a dough hopper with a screw conveyor that slices into the dough mass and moves the dough horizontally out of a lower opening in the hopper and through a discharge conduit and discharge nozzle. The screw conveyor divides the conveyed dough into batches and the dough is worked in the discharge conduit and air from about the batches of dough is vented from the discharge conduit prior to extruding the dough through the discharge nozzle.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for extracting water from rubber is provided. The rubber is screw conveyed in a twin screw extruder and alternately compressed between the forward side of the screw conveying threads, the inner extruder chamber wall and the wedge-shaped screw shaft. Water is squeezed out of the compressed rubber particles and drained off. The extruder chamber wall preferably has longitudinal grooves to impede the revolving movement of the rubber particles and to further squeeze the water from the rubber particles.

Abstract: The advantages of a twin-screw extruder, especially the good plasticizing and homogenizing effect, are to be retained in the present invention with a simultaneous, above-average degassing output of the extruder. This object is achieved by dividing the twin-screw extruder into two stages (a) the plasticizing and homogenizing stage with a high screw torque and (b) the degassing and discharging stage in which a large, free degassing volume is achieved by a reduction in the screw core, by an enlargement of the screw housing and by adapting the screw diameter to the respective housing diameters in the degassing and discharging stage.

Abstract: This invention relates to a device for mixing, dispersing and homogenizing compounds with at least one viscous component, said device exhibiting in a housing at least two parallel intermeshing shafts which can be driven in the same direction, each of said shafts having ring wheel sections disposed at an axial distance from each other, said ring wheel sections having a contour differing from a circle concentric to the shaft axis, and being spaced from each other by a distance substantially greater than the thickness of said ring disc sections, whereby the circumferential areas of the ring wheel sections of the two shafts exhibiting the greatest distance from the appurtenant shaft axis overlap.

Abstract: A temperable screw casing for a twin screw extruder for processing plastics comprises a supporting member and wear resistant liner disposed therein. The liner has a spectacle shaped bore accommodating both screws of the extruder. The supporting member, which engages around the liner, takes over the reinforcing function of the screw casing. Low technical manufacturing cost and satisfactory tempering of the screw casing is achieved by providing the liner with a circular external cross section, surrounded by a supporting member which has a circular internal recess. Axial tempering holes are provided in wedge shaped projections which extend into the spectacle shaped bore of the liner. Axial tempering holes are disposed opposite one another in the supporting member, at the sides of the spectacle shaped bore of the liner. These result in individual tempering systems, by which the liner and supporting member can be tempered independently.

Abstract: Glucose-containing products can be manufactured in apparatus comprising a continuous screw conveyor member rotatable in a continuous press cylinder having three regions in cascade arrangement between an intake opening and an output opening. The regions comprise an intake region for the rapid and economical intake of different kinds of products, a compression region for building up a very high pressure of from about 20 to 300 bars for disintegrating the products and for heating the product by intensive shearing thereof to a temperature of up to 250.degree. C., and a catalyst injection region for intensive action on and mixing or hydrolysis of the cellulosic substances with trifluoroacetic acid or the like injected through nozzles.

Abstract: A barrel assembly for a twin screw mixer or similar device is especially designed for ready access to a replaceable split liquid tight barrel liner which is accurately held in seated position within a housing block by a minimum number of bolts or other detachable connectors. Housing blocks are formed with liner half receiving recesses defined by flat surfaces which include inwardly convergent side walls and a flat inner wall. The liner half is of complementary shape and projects slightly from the recess, when seated in the recess so that closing of the housing blocks engages abutting surfaces on the two liner halves to clamp these surfaces against each other during operation of the machine. The housing blocks are mounted upon the machine frame by brackets for swinging movement about horizontal axes, meshing pinion gears couple the housing blocks to each other so that the weight of one housing block is counterbalanced by the other during opening and closing movements.

Abstract: In a polymer finishing vessel of the type described by Pinney in U.S. Pat. No. 3,717,330 the vent opening is shaped so that its lower edge in the lid of vessel is continuously overlapped by the upper surfaces of the co-rotating screw elements within the vessel in each of their revolutions while leaving no part of the agitator tips continuously exposed to the open vent area.

Abstract: A process for producing a polyacetal homopolymer or copolymer which comprises continuously feeding a liquid starting mixture containing molten trioxane and a catalyst and optionally a comonomer through a feed opening of a reactor, said reactor being a continuously stirring-type mixer having two stirring shafts having a plurality of plate-like paddles fixed thereto the cross-section of each of said paddles taken perpendicularly of the axial direction of the stirring shaft having a shape of a convex lens, an ellipse or a quasipolygon inscribing a phantom circle at each vertex, one of said paddles facing another paddle fixed to the other stirring shaft and said one paddle being positioned such that it rotates while the edges thereof keep a slight clearance from the inner surface of the barrel and the other paddle; polymerizing the starting mixture while moving it toward the discharge opening by the rotation of the paddles, the improvement wherein the profiles of the paddles are changed, or the arrangement of the

Abstract: The disclosure concerns a continuous mixer for plastic material and of the type which permits control of the pressure on the material being mixed in the mixer by resisting the flow of mixed material displaced from the mixer when unmixed material is fed into the mixer. The resistance to the discharged flow is effected by one or more elements which engage the flow and which are movable.

Abstract: This invention relates to a self-cleaning type extruder including a cylinder and at least two screws therein adapted to rotate in the same direction, the screws being in such a relation that at any position in at least a part of the screws which lies in the longitudinal direction of the extruder, the contour of one screw in a cylinder cross-section taken at right angles to the screw axes is in substantial contact at one point with the contour in the same cross-section of another screw intermeshing therewith. A conventional self-cleaning type extruder lacks the ability to knead a resin stock uniformly and sufficiently.

Abstract: A throttle device for a twin-shaft screw machine having a housing with two mutually penetrating bores in which respective screw shafts are arranged. Each bore has an outer gap sleeve and each shaft has an inner gap sleeve, the sleeves being mutually axially displaceable in order to generate or modify a throttle gap therebetween. The throttle gaps are formed, in each case, between cylindrical outer circumference on the respective inner gap sleeve and a cylindrical internal bore on the respective outer gap sleeve to provide an annular cylindrical gap of constant width but variable length. Each outer gap sleeve is connected to at least one sliding bolt which passes through an associated slot in the housing and through which the outer gap sleeve can be moved axially from outside the housing.

Abstract: A biaxial vent extruder for processing of slurry-like waste fluids or radioactive waste fluids having a hopper cylinder having a solidifying substance port and a solidified substance port. A plurality of vent cylinders each having a vent port are provided with a plunger type scraper. An extruding cylinder having a single opening for a main screw is connected to the assembled vent cylinders. The main screw extends to the upstream end of the extruding cylinder and a sub-screw extends to the extruding cylinder. The screws each having a full flight engaging the other and a set of rings are mounted on the screws near the respective vent port inlets. The screws are rotated in different directions and inwardly with respect to the vent ports. Rotors may be mounted on the screws to break down solid particles.

Abstract: A method and device for filling containers with evaporated radioactive waste concentrates that are mixed with bitumen and from which the water has been expelled by creation of temperatures above the boiling point of water, in which the temperature of the waste mixture is substantially reduced below the water expelling temperature immediately before loading the mixture into the containers.

Abstract: Screw machine for processing materials of solid, liquid and pasty consistency. In a housing several rotatable, interengaging screw shafts are mounted with their axes being parallel to each other. For each screw shaft the housing is provided with a cavity and the combination of these cavities defines a cross-section in the form of overlapping circles being concentric to the screw shaft axes. In a longitudinal area of the cavities each of the screw shafts is formed of a core shaft and of several non-circular disc sections arranged consecutively in axial direction on this core shaft and opposite the disc sections of the adjacent screw shaft.

Abstract: An internal mixing apparatus for mixing plastic materials, especially raw rubber, has a mixing chamber defined by substantially parallel cylindrical individual chambers. Each of these chambers holds a rotating shaft and the two shafts rotate in opposite directions. In one embodiment of the invention, the shafts have a cylindrical outer surface on which is disposed at least one principal conveying and mixing vane. The vanes on the two parallel shafts are disposed in mirror symmetry so that the ridges of the vanes roll off against one another with or without contact. The principal vanes terminate ahead of the end faces of the mixing chamber, thereby defining free passages permitting the transverse motion of the material to be mixed. Within these passages, the shafts carry scraping vanes for preventing the accumulation of stationary material.

Abstract: In plastics material extruding installation, a number of layout arrangements of conventional twin-screw extruders with double-feed twin-screw extruders are provided in various combinations in order to solve the problems of a thorough degassing of the plastics material and of an intimate admixture of the several compounding ingredients or raw plastics materials so as to obtain a really homogeneous extrudate.

Abstract: An improved system for treating material proceeding continuously through a processing barrel having at least twin interconnected cylinders with saddle portions of generally V cross section at the points of interconnection of the cylinders. Twin rotating parallel mixer shafts, co-axially mounted in the cylinders, have radially interwiping screw or paddle elements between a material charging inlet and a material discharging outlet which are configured to wipe the cylinders including the saddle portions. Sets of paddle elements, each of which includes a cylinder closing paddle, are provided on the shafts at a flow control station between the inlet and outlet, and a movable flow-controlling saddle or valve element is mounted with relation to the cylinder closing paddle sets in a position such that it can be moved from an opened position to a position to restrict or block flow past the sets of paddle elements.

Abstract: Polymers are isolated from their dispersions in liquid media in a twin-screw extruder, wherein the screws in the feed area are intermeshing and fully wiping each other and the extruder bore, the polymer dispersion or latex (which is coagulated in the first zone) being conveyed to a high pressure seal zone, liquid being forced upstream and out of the extruder, and the polymer being conveyed through the seal, into a reduced pressure zone, where most remaining liquid is removed, and finally into a pumping zone from which it is extruded. The invention avoids high pressure pumping of polymer dispersions and also is applicable to dispersions of sticky thermoplastic or elastomeric materials, which have caused considerable difficulties in the past.

Abstract: The temperature of the molten mixture within a multi-screw extruder is maintained in the range of from the melting point of the macromolecular material up to 20.degree. C above said melting point, by an extruder having at least 2 screws, said extruder being constructed such that the ratio (H/D) of the diameter (D) of the screws to the interlocking depth (H) of the screws is equal to or less than 0.1 and the flow of the mixture of inorganic additive and macromolecular material within the screws can be so controlled that the difference in residence time of more than 90% of said mixture is no more than .+-.10% relative to the prescribed residence time, whereby the dispersion of said inorganic additive is extremely improved.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for the extrusion of temperature sensitive thermoplastics to form structural rib-free semi-finished products in contra-rotating driven screws.

Abstract: A device for working candy dough subsequent to delivery from a baking oven and prior to discharge for molding and cutting comprising effecting continuous travel of said mass under a pressure of between 500 and 700 mm Hg. and in an environment substantially free of air, steam, or gas, while continuously kneading and cooling the mass with concurrent intermixing of additives and optional introduction of filler. The invention also comprehends a machine having parallel rotors within intersecting cylindrical containers, there being heat transfer means surrounding said containers with an inlet at one end for the mass to be worked and an outlet at the other end for the mass subsequent to working. An intermediate feed duct is provided for introducing additives into the mass and a discharge head is provided at the outlet end with a filler device being optionally mounted within said discharge head. The discharge head may have more than one nozzle so as to accommodate a plurality of production lines simultaneously.

Abstract: Polymers are isolated from their dispersions in liquid media in a twin-screw extruder, wherein the screws in the feed area are intermeshing and fully wiping each other and the extruder bore, the polymer dispersion or latex (which is coagulated in the first zone) being conveyed to a high pressure seal zone, liquid being forced upstream and out of the extruder, and the polymer being conveyed through the seal, into a reduced pressure zone, where most remaining liquid is removed, and finally into a pumping zone from which it is extruded. The invention avoids high pressure pumping of polymer dispersions and also is applicable to dispersions of sticky thermoplastic or elastomeric materials, which have caused considerable difficulties in the past.