Abstract: A method and apparatus for marine surveying includes: towing sources in a wide-tow source geometry; towing streamers that comprise receivers; actuating at least one of the sources to create a signal; and detecting the signal with a first receiver, wherein: at least one of the source separations or the streamer separations is non-uniform, and the sources and the receivers provide a regular sampling grid for the survey area. A system includes a survey plan; sources in a wide-tow source geometry; and streamers comprising receivers, wherein: at least one of the source separations or the streamer separations is non-uniform, and the sail lines, sources, and receivers provide uniform CMP coverage for the survey area. A method includes operating a system in a survey area, the system having a non-uniform configuration with wide-tow source geometry; actuating at least one source to create a signal; and detecting the signal with a first receiver.

Abstract: A marine streamer includes: an optical fiber disposed along a length of the streamer; a light source; and light analysis equipment, wherein: the length is at least 20 km, a diameter of the streamer is no more than 25 mm, the optical fiber, light source, and light analysis equipment are configured to provide a receiver sampling density of at least 1 per meter, and the streamer is configured to be towed nominally horizontally through a body of water. A method of marine surveying includes: towing a streamer spread at a first depth of 10 m to 30 m with a survey vessel; and towing Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) streamers at a second depth of greater than 30 m. A method includes: acquiring long-offset data with sensors distributed along the DAS streamers.

Abstract: A method and apparatus includes: towing a first source with a source vessel; towing a second source with a survey vessel, the survey vessel following the source vessel by at least 5 km; towing a streamer spread at a first depth with the survey vessel; and towing a pair of long-offset streamers at a second depth and following the source vessel by at least 5 km, wherein: the first depth is 10 m to 30 m, and the second depth is greater than 30 m. A method and apparatus includes: towing a first source with a source vessel; towing a second source with a survey vessel, the first source and the second source being separated by at least 5 km; towing a streamer spread at a first depth with the survey vessel; towing a pair of long-offset streamers at a second depth, wherein: the first depth is between 10 m and 30 m, and the second depth is greater than 30 m; acquiring long-offset data with long-offset sensors distributed along the long-offset streamers; and constructing a velocity model with the long-offset data.

Abstract: The present invention is used to compose the structure of a system that operates inside pipelines. It can be used in a robotic system in the form of a train to move tools inside small diameter tubes or ducts. It avoids the need for costly commercial connectors with limited variety of connections. The proposed solution is to partition/separate the electronic or hydraulic components into pressure vessel modules, thereby making it necessary to provide an adequate means of interconnection between said modules by means of an elastomeric conduit. Each module has a heat exchanger system (sink) to remove the heat generated by the electronic equipment installed inside thereof. The product of the invention has a sufficient degree of freedom to move in ducts and underwater pipes, where the hydrostatic pressure is extremely high.

Abstract: Techniques and apparatus are disclosed for performing marine seismic surveys. In some embodiments, one or more vessels are used to tow a set of streamers and two or more sources such that a first set of sources consists of all those that are disposed within a first threshold distance from the streamers, and a second set of sources consists of all those that are disposed beyond a second, greater, threshold distance from the streamers. Sources in the first set are activated more frequently than sources in the second set are activated.

Abstract: A method for configuring a multi-source and a hexa-source for acquiring first and second seismic datasets of a subsurface. The method includes selecting a number n of source arrays to create the multi-source; selecting a number m of sub-arrays for each source array, each sub-array having a plurality of source elements; imposing a distance D between any two adjacent source arrays of the multi-source; calculating a distance d between any two adjacent sub-arrays of a same source array so that bins associated with the first and second seismic datasets are interleaved; selecting source elements from at least six different sub-arrays of the n source arrays to create the hexa-source; and firing the multi-source to acquire the first dataset, and firing the hexa-source to acquire the second dataset.

Abstract: Methods for performing a marine survey of a subterranean formation using a hybrid combination of ocean bottom seismic (“OBS”) receivers, wide towed sources, and moving streamers are described herein. In one aspect, a sail line separation in a crossline direction is determined based on an average streamer separation and number of streamers. An array of OBS receivers are deposited on a surface of a subterranean formation with an OBS receiver separation that is based on the sail line separation. Wide towed sources and streamers are towed above the array of OBS receivers behind a survey vessel that travels sail lines separated by the sail line separation. The wide towed sources may be activated above the array of OBS receivers. Wavefields reflected from the subterranean formation are recorded at the OBS receivers and receivers located in the streamers as seismic data.

Abstract: A section of a streamer for acoustic marine data collection, the section having a carrier for accommodating seismic sensors, wherein the carrier includes, a single body, a first particle motion sensor located on the single body, and a second particle motion sensor being located on the single body, with a 90° angular offset, about a longitudinal axis of the carrier, relative to the first particle motion sensor; and a tilt sensor coupled to the carrier and having a known direction relative to the first and second particle motion sensors so that the tilt sensor determines an angle of tilt of the carrier about a vertical. The first and second particle motion sensors measure a motion related parameter and not a pressure.

Abstract: A stable towable submersible device includes a rigid body that is towed at a positive pitch angle relative to the device's direction of motion. An acoustic projector housing extends vertically from the rigid body. When the rigid body rolls about its roll axis, which is tilted at the positive pitch angle, the acoustic projector rolls about the roll axis changing the acoustic projector's angle of attack relative to the direction of motion and generates a restoring force causing the acoustic projector to rotate back to a generally vertical orientation.

Abstract: An attachment system for releasably attaching a sensor node to a cable when in a coupled state includes a clamp base and a clamp grip. The clamp base is fixed to a surface of the sensor node. The clamp base further includes a latch that is biased in a latched position when the attachment system is in both the coupled state and an uncoupled state. The clamp grip is pivotably attached the clamp base and biased in an open position when the attachment system is in the uncoupled state. The clamp grip is secured to the clamp base by the latch when the attachment system is in the coupled state.

Abstract: A system includes an unmanned marine vessel having a hull; a multi-dimensional seismic sensor array coupled with the hull, wherein the multi-dimensional seismic sensor array is configured to acquire seismic survey data in multiple directions; wherein the unmanned marine vessel comprises a power source configured to drive and provide propulsion to the unmanned marine vessel; and an umbilical cord for coupling the multi-dimensional seismic sensor array with the hull of the unmanned marine vessel, wherein the umbilical provides electrical communication between the unmanned marine vessel and the multi-dimensional seismic sensor array.

Abstract: An electric cable for supplying power to aircrafts, rail vehicles, motor vehicles, ships or other devices is a single or multi-conductor cable and includes one or more current conductors with at least one insulation. A single or multi-layer outer casing is distributed over the periphery and is associated with the outwardly protruding reinforcing elements. The reinforcing elements are in the form of cooling ribs protruding preferably over the entire periphery of the cable and enable the surface of the cable to be increased and as a result, improve heat dissipation. The projecting reinforcing elements considerably reduce the risk of burning when the current conductors heat up and also protect the cable against abrasion. The invention also relates to a plug for the electric cable.

Abstract: A streamer device or other system can include a pylon configured to attach to a locking collar, and a latch mechanism with a seat component. The latch mechanism comprises a pin member configured to attach to the locking collar, and a bias component. The seat component can be configured to retain the bias component when the pylon is attached to the locking collar, and the bias component can be configured to bias the pin member to hold the locking collar to the pylon. The bias may responsive to a position of the seat component, or determined or controlled at least in part based on the position.

Abstract: Systems and methods of deploying seismic data acquisition units from a marine vessel are disclosed. The system can include a mechanical attachment device comprising a cavity formed by interlocking a first member and a second member. Protrusions located on the first member and second member can increase the coefficient of friction between a rope and the mechanical attachment device responsive to an increase in tension on the rope. A lanyard can couple a seismic data acquisition unit to the mechanical attachment device.

Abstract: The present technology provides an acoustic transmission member that includes a core layer layered between two skin layers, the skin layers being formed of a material having a higher elastic modulus than a material of the core layer. A thickness ds of the skin layers is formed such that Equation (1) is satisfied, where f is the center frequency of the transmission frequency band, cw is the acoustic velocity in the medium surrounding the acoustic transmission member, ? is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency in the medium, Cds is the longitudinal wave acoustic velocity in the skin layer, and n is a discretionary natural number.

Abstract: A system and method for multicomponent noise attenuation of a seismic wavefield is provided. Embodiments may include receiving, at one or more computing devices, seismic data associated with a seismic wavefield over at least one channel of a plurality of channels from one or more seismic sensor stations. Embodiments may further include identifying a noise component on the at least one channel of the plurality of channels and attenuating the noise component on the at least one channel of the plurality of channels based upon, at least in part, the seismic data received from the one or more seismic sensor stations.

Abstract: In some examples, an unmanned marine surface vessel connected to a three-dimensional array of sensors positioned are deployed in proximity with an obstruction area of a survey environment. The three-dimensional array of sensors positioned in proximity with the obstruction area of the survey environment records signals that are affected by a target structure.

Abstract: Method for acquiring seismic data is described. The method includes determining a non-uniform optimal sampling design that includes a compressive sensing sampling grid. Placing a plurality of source lines or receiver lines at a non-uniform optimal line interval. Placing a plurality of receivers or nodes at a non-uniform optimal receiver interval. Towing a plurality of streamers attached to a vessel, wherein the plurality of streamers is spaced apart at non-uniform optimal intervals based on the compressive sensing sampling grid. Firing a plurality of shots from one or more seismic sources at non-uniform optimal shot intervals. Acquiring seismic data via the plurality of receivers or nodes.

Abstract: Various implementations described herein are directed to a method of acquiring seismic data. The method may include towing an array of marine seismic streamers coupled to a vessel. The array comprises a plurality of lead-in cables and streamers, and the plurality of lead-in cables comprises an innermost lead-in cable and an outermost lead-in cable with respect to a center line of the vessel. The method may also include towing a plurality of source cables and one or more seismic sources such that the one or more seismic sources are positioned between the innermost lead-in cable and the outermost lead-in cable.

Abstract: Embodiments, including apparatuses, systems, and methods, for attaching autonomous seismic nodes directly to a deployment cable. The nodes may be attached to the deployment cable by a removable fastener or insert. The fastener may be a staple that surrounds the cable and rigidly couples to the node to securely fasten the cable to the node. The fastener may be secured into the node itself, a housing or enclosure surrounding the node, or into a receiver or mechanism attached to the node. Other fasteners besides a staple may include bands, wires, pins, straps, ties, clamps, and other similar devices that may be inserted around a portion of the deployment line and be removably coupled to the node. After retrieval of the node, the fastener may be removed and discarded.

Abstract: Embodiments related to marine acoustic vibrator for marine geophysical surveys. An embodiment may include an apparatus, wherein the apparatus may comprise: a coil element comprising a coil; a coil clamp constraining motion of the coil element in at least one direction; and a spring disposed in a load path of the coil clamp. Additional apparatus and methods are disclosed herein.

Abstract: Geophysical sensor cable. At least some of the example embodiments are methods including creating a geophysical sensor cable by: creating a first window through the insulation of a first electrical conductor; creating a second window through the insulation of a second electrical conductor; placing the first and second electrical conductors in a clip; twisting the first and second electrical conductors to create a twisted pair; electrically coupling a first lead of a seismic sensor to the first electrical conductor through a first window; electrically coupling a second lead of the seismic sensor to the second electrical conductor through a second window; encapsulating at least a portion of an internal volume of the clip; and placing the twisted pair and the seismic sensor within an outer jacket of a geophysical sensor cable.

Abstract: A shot interval between activations of at least one frequency-controllable survey source is determined, where the shot interval is determined based on an expected frequency of an output of the at least one frequency-controllable survey source. The at least one frequency-controllable survey source is activated using the determined first shot interval.

Abstract: Estimation of direct arrival signals based on predicted direct arrival signals and measurements can include obtaining notional source signatures for notional sources that correspond to source elements in a seismic source. A first predicted direct arrival signal at a first location and a second predicted direct arrival signal at a second location can be determined. The first location corresponds to a seismic receiver and the second location does not correspond to a seismic receiver. A transfer function can be determined based on the first predicted direct arrival signal at the first location and the second predicted direct arrival signal at the second location. An estimated direct arrival signal at the second location can be determined based on the transfer function and a measurement by the seismic receiver corresponding to the first location. The estimated direct arrival signal represents what a measured direct arrival signal would be at the second location.

Abstract: A system having an unmanned marine vessel and a multi-dimensional seismic sensor array coupled to the unmanned marine vessel. The multi-dimensional seismic sensor array is configured to acquire seismic survey data and calculate pressure gradients in multiple directions. The frame includes members that are configured to rotatably pivot with respect to each other in moveable x-shaped crossing configurations.

Abstract: Computing device and methods process seismic data sets associated with the same surveyed subsurface but recorded with different spatial sampling and temporal bandwidths. The first seismic data is used to guide processing of the second seismic data. An image of the subsurface is generated based on processed second seismic data.

Abstract: A section of a streamer for acoustic marine data collection, the section comprising a carrier for accommodating seismic sensors, wherein the carrier includes, a single body, a first particle motion sensor located on the single body, and a second particle motion sensor being located on the single body, with a 90° angular offset, about a longitudinal axis of the carrier, relative to the first particle motion sensor; and a tilt sensor coupled to the carrier and having a known direction relative to the first and second particle motion sensors so that the tilt sensor determines an angle of tilt of the carrier about a vertical, wherein the first and second particle motion sensors measure a motion related parameter and not a pressure.

Abstract: Embodiments relate generally to marine geophysical surveying and, more particularly, embodiments relate to methods for acquiring geophysical data by dynamically manipulating survey spread in response a change in location of a target. A method may comprise actuating an energy source in a body of water, wherein a target for a marine geophysical survey system is located beneath a bottom of the body of water. The method may further comprise detecting energy generated by the energy source. The method may further comprise manipulating a position of a survey spread in response to a change in distribution of the target beneath the bottom of the body of water.

Abstract: An apparatus for acquiring survey data including streamer equipment comprising a lead-in cable; and a geophysical streamer with a plurality of geophysical sensors distributed along the geophysical streamer, including a forward geophysical sensor; a depressor coupled to the streamer equipment in front of the forward geophysical sensor; a variable tension control device coupled at a back end of the geophysical streamer; and a plurality of tension control system sensors. A method for acquiring survey data including obtaining data from tension control system sensors of a geophysical streamer system; identifying an adjustment to be made to one or more tension control factors of the geophysical streamer system to reduce or control vibrational behavior of streamer equipment of the geophysical streamer system making the adjustment to the one or more tension control factors; and acquiring survey data with the geophysical streamer system.

Abstract: System and method for calculating a pre-plot for a marine seismic acquisition system. The method includes receiving as input a first number of streamer vessels and a second number of source vessels; receiving a geometry of an area to be surveyed; receiving a set of naturally different regions and/or humanly set targets for the area to be surveyed; calculating a first sailing path for a streamer vessel of the first number of streamer vessels; calculating a second sailing path for a source vessel of the second number of source vessels, based on the set of naturally different regions and/or humanly set targets; and entering the pre-plot into a navigation system of the streamer vessel and the source vessel so that the streamer and source vessels dynamically change an offset distance between them, while sailing during a seismic survey, based on the naturally different regions and/or humanly set targets.

Abstract: A marine seismic streamer comprising a solid, hydrophobic core member that is encased in a hydrophobic streamer skin/casing. The hydrophobic streamer skin may be extruded onto and/or heat welded to the hydrophobic core member. The hydrophobic streamer skin/casing may comprise a thermoplastic polyurethane that includes fluorine and/or silicon moieties, silicon, polydimethylsiloxane or the like. The hydrophobic streamer skin/casing may reduce the drag of the streamer and may provide anti-biofouling properties to the streamer. A hydrophobic paint, coating or polymer may in some instances be disposed on top of the hydrophobic streamer skin/casing.

Abstract: So-called “Popcorn shooting”, and especially continuous Popcorn shooting, combined with simultaneous source shooting allows considerable flexibility in producing high-resolution data and in creating source arrays. Using a combination of simultaneous source de-blending and Popcorn reconstruction it is possible to construct using post acquisition processing arrays of any desired length by constructing a popcorn pattern that takes into account the vessel speed and physical arrangement of guns behind the towing vessel.

Abstract: A marine seismic source includes source elements configured to emit waves having different frequencies while the source elements are towed at different predetermined depths, respectively. The predetermined depths are calculated such that water-surface reflections of the waves generated by a source element among the source elements interfere constructively with the waves generated by the source element and propagating toward an explored structure under the seafloor. The waves combine to yield a spike-like signature of the source.

Abstract: A seismic streamer includes a sensor comprises an axially oriented body including a plurality of axially oriented channels arranged in opposing pairs; a plurality of hydrophones arranged in opposing pairs in the channels; a pair of orthogonally oriented acoustic particle motion sensors; and a tilt sensor adjacent or associated with the particle motion sensors. The streamer has a plurality of hydrophones, as previously described, aligned with a plurality of accelerometers which detect movement of the streamer in the horizontal and vertical directions, all coupled with a tilt sensor, so that the marine seismic system can detect whether a detected seismic signal is a reflection from a geologic structure beneath the streamer or a downward traveling reflection from the air/seawater interface.

Abstract: Electromagnetic streamer cables and methods of use. Example systems include: a first electrode, the first electrode at a first location along the streamer cable; a second electrode at a second location along the streamer cable; a first sensor module electrically coupled to the first electrode and second electrode, the first sensor module configured to measure a voltage across the first and second electrodes; a third electrode at a third location between the first and second electrodes; a fourth electrode at a fourth location along the streamer cable, the fourth location distal to the second location; and a second sensor module electrically coupled to the third electrode and fourth electrode, the second sensor module configured to measure a voltage across the third and fourth electrodes.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and systems for conditioning electrodes while deployed in the sea with a marine electromagnetic survey system. An embodiment of the method may comprise deploying electrodes in seawater during a marine electromagnetic survey. The method further may comprise coupling at least one of the electrodes to a controllable current/voltage source while the electrodes are deployed in the seawater. The method further may comprise sending a first conditioning signal from the controllable current/voltage source to the at least one of the electrodes coupled to the controllable current/voltage source.

Abstract: A method for de-ghosting marine seismic trace data is described. A reference seismic trace and a candidate seismic trace are selected from acquired seismic data. The acquired seismic data is gathered using a configuration wherein either a first streamer and a second streamer are disposed at different depths relative to one another and are laterally offset relative to one another, or using a configuration wherein a first source and a second source are disposed at different depths relative to one another and are laterally offset from one another. The reference seismic trace and the candidate seismic trace are processed, e.g., to perform normal moveout correction and/or vertical datum shifting, and the processed reference seismic trace is de-ghosted using the processed, candidate seismic trace.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses are disclosed for conducting reconnaissance marine seismic surveys. In one example method of acquiring a marine seismic survey, a plurality of streamers are towed behind an acquisition vessel, the plurality of streamers defining a swath. An independent source is towed by an independent source vessel above one or more of the plurality of towed streamers.

Abstract: Systems and methods for imaging seismic data using hybrid one-way wave-equation-migration in tilted transverse isotropic media and/or hybrid two-way reverse-time-migration in tilted transverse isotropic media.

Abstract: A technique facilitates obtaining seismic data in a marine environment. An array of acoustic sources is deployed in a marine environment. The array can be utilized for creating acoustic pulses that facilitate the collection of data on subsea structures. The methodology enables optimization of acoustic source array performance to improve the collection of useful data during a seismic survey.

Abstract: A method, system and a marine node for recording seismic waves underwater. The node includes a first module configured to house a seismic sensor; bottom and top plates attached to the first module; a second module removably attached to the first module and configured to slide between the bottom and top plates, the second module including a first battery and a data storage device; and a third module removably attached to the first module and configured to slide between the bottom and top plates, the third module including a second battery.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a streamer cable includes connecting seismic devices using slacked wire and disposing a polymer body having a channel defined therein around the seismic devices and the wire such that the wire extends through the channel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for managing the acoustic performances of a network of acoustic nodes arranged along towed acoustic linear antennas. The network of acoustic nodes is adapted to determine inter-node distances allowing to locate the acoustic linear antennas. The method includes: obtaining a determined layout of the network of acoustic nodes; obtaining at least one marine environment property relating to an area of performance of a survey with the network of acoustic nodes; and quantifying the acoustic performances of the network of acoustic nodes, using a sound propagation model, the at least one marine environment property and the determined layout.

Abstract: A seismic cable including sensors, data transmission lines extending the length of the seismic cable for conveying data signals issued from the sensors. Controllers distributed along the seismic cable operate as an interface between the sensors and the data transmission lines. Power supplying lines supply power to the controllers and the sensors. X power supplying lines are alternately connected to one out of X successive controllers. Each controller is adapted for applying on a power supplying line detected as defective the electrical tension provided by another power supplying line. Y data transmission lines are alternately connected to one out of Y successive controllers. Each controller is adapted to redirect towards at least one adjacent controller the data associated with a data transmission line which is determined to be defective.

Abstract: A method and a catenary seismic source steering gear for towing seismic sources underwater. The catenary gear includes plural seismic sources configured to generate seismic waves underwater; a main rope configured to span between first and second vessels; and a connecting system configured to connect the plural seismic sources to the main rope. The main rope takes a substantially catenary shape when towed by the first and second vessels underwater.

Abstract: Method and system for dynamical sensor geometry by means of formation control of sensor carrying craft, which operate below the water surface, on the ground, at the water surface and/or in the air, are manned and/or unmanned, and which are provided with one or more sensors. The sensors are arranged on the sensor carrying craft, and/or arranged with the sensor carrying craft in other suitable ways, such as towed behind the craft.

Abstract: Method and support assembly configured to change from a stowing position to an operational position. The support assembly includes a head module; an actuator attached to the head module; a tail module; plural modules provided between the head module and the tail module to form a first branch and a second branch, each branch being connected between the head module and the tail module; and a cable system provided through the means for guiding of the plural modules and connected to the actuator for being wind up and unwind to change a distribution of the modules from an operational position to a stowed position.

Abstract: Method and catenary front-end gear for towing streamers under water. The catenary front-end gear includes a main cable configured to be attached to a vessel and a device; a connecting system configured to connect streamers to the main cable; and plural streamers. The main cable takes a catenary shape when towed by the first vessel underwater.

Abstract: A tubular seismic sensing cable for use in wells and a method of deployment into wells to provide higher seismic sensitivity.

Abstract: Methods and systems for survey designs are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method of towing an array of marine streamers is disclosed, wherein: the array includes a plurality of receivers, the array includes a plurality of steering devices, and the array is towed along a first portion of a coil sail path; steering the array of marine streamers along two or more depths; and steering the array of marine streamers to a slant angle while maintaining the array of marine streamers at their respective two or more depths.