Abstract: An ultrasonic measuring device for determining motion parameters of moved bodies, in particular path, speed, acceleration, slip and the like, comprising first and second ultrasonic transducers supported in a housing. Each of the ultrasonic transducers (transmitter and receiver) having either a sound generator or a sound receiver positioned between two vibrating elements. A connecting element clamps a sound generator with a sound receiver between the vibrating elements. Each of the ultrasonic transducers being supported by support elements featuring bent-off portions arranged in a meander-type manner in turn (bent back upon itself) in the housing. One of the support elements, for each transducer, is arranged at the sound opening of the housing and is slidably mounted on a vibrating element.

Abstract: A driver alerting device includes a transceiver adapted for mounting at the rearward end of a vehicle for directing its wave output rearwardly of the vehicle. Return wave signals for many objects within the transceiver range are picked up and supplied to the transceiver by an antenna. Any resultant doppler shift signal is amplified for driving an audio alarm adapted for placement within the passenger compartment of the vehicle. The circuit is adapted for electrical connection to the back-up light circuit of the vehicle for activation only when the vehicle transmission is engaged in reverse gear.

Abstract: A driver alerting device includes a transceiver adapted for mounting at the rearward end of a vehicle for directing its wave output rearwardly of the vehicle. Return wave signals for many objects within the transceiver range are picked up and supplied to the transceiver by an antenna. Any resultant doppler shift signal is amplified for driving an audio alarm adapted for placement within the passenger compartment of the vehicle. The circuit is adapted for electrical connection to the back-up light circuit of the vehicle for activation only when the vehicle transmission is engaged in reverse gear.

Abstract: An ultrasonic ground speed sensor has a single transducer which both transmits and receives ultrasonic signals. The sensor is mounted on a vehicle in alignment with the direction of the vehicle, the transducer having a built-in angle with the body of the sensor unit. The transmitted signal is clocked by a 16 MHz clock, with the signal received by the transducer selectively filtered and amplified. A temperature sensor is also used to determine the speed of the transmitted and received signal. A 64-cycle sample period is used, as well as multiple counters and a signal processor to increase accuracy and minimize erroneous readings. A drop-out detector and monitoring system sensor is also described. The vehicle speed is calculated from a Doppler-based formula as a function of both the sum and difference of the transmitted and received signal frequencies. Also disclosed is a gasket seal having leak holes for drainage from the interior of the sensor.

Abstract: A doppler sonar speed measuring system incorporating a digital adaptive filter responsive to the difference in newly received raw speed data and previously received speed data to determine the amount and sign of change of the previously received data. The allowable amount of change increases to a maximum allowed value if the sign of the change remains the same on successive received data as under acceleration conditions and reduces to a minimum value when the sign changes on successive received data.

Abstract: A speedometer is provided for determining speed by providing a sound signal at a first frequency, receiving a second signal which is the reflection of the first signal, and determining difference in frequency between the first and second signals created by the Doppler Effect. A speech synthesis chip within the speedometer provides a verbal indication of velocity. In this way, a person using the provided speedometer does not have to look at a dial or other visual indicator.Provided within the speedometer is a heat-sensitive transducer for measuring the air temperature. In this way, the speedometer can take into account the change in the speed of sound with respect to temperature when calculating velocity.

Abstract: A velocity reference system uses a Doppler shift between transmitted and received wave energy to determine the relative speed between the system and a surface or element. Other systems employing Doppler shifts for detecting velocity suffer from poor measurement accuracy. Cross talk between channels of systems having multiple transmitters and receivers produces measurement errors. Additionally, errant movement generates measurement errors since the sensors cannot distinguish such errant movement from forward velocity. Two sensing units directed towards one another, and preferably towards the same location on the surface, effectively eliminates random vehicle movement. Furthermore, transmitting different frequencies from the two sensing units reduces cross talk between the two channels. Vehicle applications require a system capable of minimizing errant movement and environmental noise.

Abstract: Apparatus and a method for displaying depth sounding data with nautical range are disclosed for use on vessels or the like, the device including a transceiver for transmitting an acoustic signal downwardly through surrounding water and for receiving echo signals, a motion sensor for determining nautical distance, a microprocessor for storing and conditioning the echo signals and distance signals and a display device for providing an XY display of underwater conditions represented by the echo signals. Range display means associated with or included in the display device and operated by the microprocessor display nautical range of a selected and preferably adjustable point on the X axis. The microprocessor includes a range memory stack, a stack manager and an internal register for storing bytes or distance data for successive vertical scans. The device also preferably includes a differential temperature sensor.

Abstract: A vehicle-mounted ultrasonic velocity sensor includes an ultrasonic transmitter and receiver coupled to transmit and receive horns. In one embodiment, a phase-locked-loop signal processing circuit converts the transmitted and reflected frequencies into a signal indicative of the vehicle velocity. In another embodiment, velocity data is obtained by measuring the period of a certain number of cycles of the reflected signal using a pair of counters, one counting at a rate equal to the reflected frequency, the other counting at a fixed rate. In both embodiments, the variable magnitude reflected signal is applied to an input of a drop-out detection circuit whose output is then connected to an input or inputs of the velocity determining circuits to prevent velocity detection during dropout periods.The velocity sensor may be implemented utilizing radar components.

Abstract: A vehicle speedometer is disclosed which accurately measures vehicle velocity despite significant vehicle vibration, which causes variation of the angle of incidence of the measuring wave. Two transceivers are mounted on the vehicle, along with means to determine a frequency difference and an angle variation, both being used in an accurate velocity determination.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for removing all ambiguity from the measurement by the Doppler effect of the speed of a target. It consists in obtaining a signal of Doppler shift relating to a series of ultrasonic pulses sent in the direction of the target and received after their reflection onto this target, the recurrence frequency of the pulses constituting an ambiguity limit of these speed measurements, wherein the measured Doppler shift is transposed by modulating the signal received by a signal at a frequency called determination frequency, so as to bring from a known value the spectral components to be analyzed in the useful measuring band and after measuring the true speed values are worked out by adjunction of a correction that depends upon the determination frequency that is used, this process being applicable to measuring the speed of blood in the medical field.

Abstract: The measuring apparatus is intended for the automatic measurement of speed, travelled distance and directional changes, wherein two measuring units (3, 3a) are disposed in spaced relationship on the underside (4) of a vehicle (5). Upon a comparison of the left-hand and the right-hand signal a measurement of the directional change is effected, wherein each measuring unit (3, 3a) respectively comprises a forwardly and a backwardly measuring and transmitting measuring section (I and II, respectively); thereby errors of measurement caused by pitching motions of the vehicle may be minimized to less than 0.1%.

Abstract: Parametric array Doppler sonar apparatus includes an acoustic lens containing a flat disk-like central portion and an annular outer portion serving as a convergent lens. Multiple transducers are positioned between the lens and the focal plane so as to launch collimated acoustic beams in specified directions through the central portion of the lens and to receive reflected energy propagating principally through the annular portion of the lens.

Abstract: In a Doppler log for a vehicle equipped with transmitting and receiving units associated with two mutually transverse measuring axes which are parallel to a plane defined by the longitudinal and transverse axes of the vehicle, for the emission of directed beams of sound energy in directions which extend along the measuring axes, each beam being inclined with respect to the plane by a known emission angle such that all of the beams are to the normal to the measuring axes, the transmitting units operating at selected, known transmitting frequencies, and each receiving unit being connected for receiving the reflected components of the sound energy from a respective emission direction, the log further including a Doppler frequency analyzer connected to the output of each receiving unit for producing a representation of the Doppler frequency component of the sound signal received by that receiving unit, and a ratio former connected to the output of each analyzer and the associated transmitting and receiving unit f

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for measuring aquatic currents, placed on a moving boat comprising a Doppler effect sonar. The device comprises two sets of transducers and transmitting and receiving in the directions D.sub.1, D.sub.2, D.sub.3 and D.sub.4 forming an angle .+-..alpha. with the vertical z. A transmission circuit supplies impulses simultaneously at two frequencies f.sub.1 and f.sub.2. The receiving circuit processes the signals of the volume reverberation echos affected by the Doppler effect, corresponding to the frequencies f.sub.1 and f.sub.2, and the sea bed echo affected by the Doppler effect at the frequency F=f.sub.1 -f.sub.2, this frequency being generated by the non-linearity of the medium. Finally are obtained the profile of the horizontal velocities of the currents function of the depth.

Abstract: This sonar system, placed on a vehicle such as a ship or a submarine, comprises transducer means for transmitting and receiving acoustic waves at two different frequencies, said reception means being adapted to generate echograms of the submerged surface from the received echoes of the transmitted pulses, the directivity diagram of said transducer means comprising a main transmission lobe whose axis is inclined with respect to a vertical line in a plane orthogonal to a first direction of displacement of the vehicle and a second transmission lobe oriented along a vertical line, means for determining the displacement velocity of the ship along said first direction, means for determining the water depth below the vehicle from the measured values of the propagation time of the waves transmitted along the direction of the secondary lobe and means for determining the displacement velocity of the vehicle in a direction orthogonal to the first one, by measuring the frequency of the acoustic waves received along a par