Abstract: In an optical recording medium of land/groove recording system, a sufficient tilt margin and a reduced cross talk are realized simultaneously with a sufficiently increased output. Provided is an optical recording medium having a light-transmitting substrate formed with grooves wherein the grooves and the region between adjacent grooves are used for the recording track, and a reading beam is irradiated through the light-transmitting substrate, wherein the relations: −12.6T+15.6≦x≦25T−3.8, and 0.55≦T≦0.68 are satisfied when the reading beam has a wavelength of &lgr;, the light-transmitting substrate has a refractive index at the wavelength &lgr; of n, the reading optical system has a numerical aperture of NA, recording track pitch is PT, the groove has a depth of &lgr;/(x·n), and T is PT/(&lgr;/NA).

Abstract: An optical recording medium includes recording tracks located adjacently to each other and is provided on and/or from which information is recorded and/or reproduced by irradiating with a beam a predetermined track of the recording tracks. The track pitch between the adjacent recording tracks is adjusted so that the track pitch is made substantially equal to a distance between an intensity center of a beam spot on a laser beam irradiated plane of the medium and a location of an initial minimum intensity. By irradiating with a beam the predetermined track, therefore, the beam intensity is located around the center of the recording track that is adjacent to the minimum portion. This location results in reducing a crosstalk amount from the adjacent recording track to a minimum, thereby suppressing the loss of the crosstalk characteristic to a minimum. This makes it possible to enhance the recording density in the alignment direction of the recording tracks if an A/W in the optical system is 1.

Abstract: An optical data-storage medium comprises a base structure adapted to supply a peripheral surface with a medium adhered thereon, forming a data surface responsive to a light beam for providing optical signals corresponding to a plurality of data, wherein the plurality of data are arranged in a three dimensional pattern, most preferably, a plurality of helixes suitable for application of parallel processing of information. For this purpose, an optical data-storage apparatus is designed from a single platform to accommodate the optical data-storage medium rotatable therein about an axial line at a steady and constant speed, and to allow a plurality of optical heads each capable of providing a light beam jointly movable in a direction generally parallel to the axial line so as to simultaneously process a plurality of data bits at a time, i.e., in parallel.

Abstract: An optical medium for storing digital data thereon comprising a sequence of binary indicators on a first layer, a reflective layer disposed on the first layer, and a photosensitive layer disposed on the reflective layer, the reflective layer disposed between the first layer and the photosensitive layer, the photosensitive layer experiencing a perceivable loss of translucence upon exposure to a light source is provided. A method of reading data from an optical medium having a sequence of indicators having a binary value assigned thereto comprising radiating light onto a surface of the optical medium having the sequence of binary indicators disposed thereon through a photosensitive material disposed over the sequence and causing the translucence of the photosensitive material to decrease, detecting light reflected from the surface of the optical medium, and interpreting the reflected light as a binary value.

Abstract: A hybrid optical recording medium is arranged to allow original information that is pre-recorded in a mass manufacturing process to be supplemented by additional information written to the disk after the original information has been recorded using a disk drive. The medium contains a first optical area for storing information which is pre-recorded according to a highly structured standard format and a second optical area in which supplemental information can be written, read back therefrom, erased and changed by a computer connected to the disk drive.

Abstract: An optical recording medium includes a land track and a groove track formed as a recording track to record and write information. A prepit sequence is formed on a middle position between the land track and the neighboring groove track as a head part of each sector on the recording track. The groove track is continuously formed on the prepit sequence section. The land track and the groove track are mutually formed as one spiral line or respectively formed as two parallel spiral lines on a surface of the optical recording medium.

Abstract: Two standard marks are set on two adjacent respective recording tracks, aligned in a direction perpendicular to the said recording tracks in the unit area for recording and reading that includes said the two recording tracks. Recording on the recording track is performed by forming round-marks that have information shown by which side of the two tracks they exist in and by what distance they are from each of the said two standard marks in the set area including the said two recording tracks. Reading information on the recording track is performed by reading two recording tracks at the same time or alternately.

Abstract: A record carrier has substantially parallel tracks, which exhibit first variations of a first physical parameter and second variations of a second physical parameter of the track. The first variations represent information recorded on the record carrier, which information is recoverable by means of a controllable type of data processing. A modulation pattern of the second variations represents a code for controlling the type of data processing. With respect to a code track that includes the modulation pattern, the modulation pattern in the left neighboring track is aligned to the modulation pattern in the right neighboring track. Thereby crosstalk due to the second variations in decreased, and at least two tracks have the same modulation pattern. The playback device has a demodulator and a control unit for retrieving the code from at least two tracks.

Abstract: An optical information recording medium including a ROM region in which pits are previously formed at a track pitch (P); and a RAM region including a groove which is to be exposed to laser light to form at least one of a pit and a mark therein and to record information to be reproduced, wherein the pits in the ROM region are wobbled in a radius direction of the recording medium, a wobbling inter-pit groove is formed along the wobbled pits, wherein the width (W) of the inter-pit groove is narrower than that of the groove in the RAM region. The ratio (W/P) of the width (W) of the inter-pit groove to the track pitch (P) is preferably from 0.2 to 0.4.

Abstract: An optical information recording medium, recording and reproducing method and device for same, and an optical pickup, which enables high-density recording and high-speed recording. Recording or reproduction is performed to or from the optical information recording medium having a track pitch Tp of 1.0 &mgr;m≦Tp≦1.2 &mgr;m, using laser light having a wavelength &lgr; of 770 nm≦&lgr;≦830 nm, and a spot diameter Sd of 1.1 &mgr;m≦Sd≦1.3 &mgr;m.

Abstract: Structures of storage media for optical storage systems, especially for systems in the near-field configuration to couple radiation between the optical head and the media at least in part by evanescent fields. Manufacturing methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: An optical recording medium has a user data area and a lead-out area, wherein the user data area and the lead-out area each has grooves and lands formed thereon. Wobbles are formed on at least one lateral surface of grooves of the user data area and the lead-out area, and configured such that wobble characteristics are made different between the user data area and the lead-out area. Different types of wobbles are formed on the grooves of either the user data area or the lead-out area, thereby preventing an optical pickup that performs recording/reproduction from deviating from the user data area. Also, in a multi-layer optical recording medium, a whole area of a recording layer is configured to have a same condition, thereby preventing deterioration in reproduction and/or recording due to a difference in light power transmittance of another recording layer.

Abstract: Recovering Recorded Information from an Optical Disk Data is recovered from a write-once optical disk having data written on it. The disk is composed of a substrate and a dye layer. The data was originally written to the dye layer as patterns of pits and lands, but the dye layer is subject to corruption due to ageing so that the data cannot be read by a conventional read process. The data is recovered by exposing the surface of the substrate, measuring deformations to that layer caused by the write process, and extracting the data from the measured deformations by classifying the measured deformations into deformations typical of predetermined patterns of pits and lands.

Abstract: This invention relates to an optical disc recording apparatus, an optical disc recording method, and an optical disc, and the present invention is applied to, for example, apparatus for recording on a compact disc, compact discs, and compact disc players, and sub-data strings are recorded so that the main data strings is reproducible by an optical pickup for reproducing the main data string and the main data strings are protected from being copied illegally without any adverse effect on reproduction of the pit-and-land main data strings. The sub-data string ED is recorded by locally changing the reflectance of the reflection film in the form of irregularity such as pit or mark at the timing which does not affect the position information of the edge.

Abstract: An optical disk physical has a recording region divided into zones, each zone including physical tracks adjacent to each other. An integer number of sectors are provided in each physical track. The angular recording density is higher in the more outward zones such that the linear recording density is substantially constant throughout the recording region, and logical tracks are formed of a predetermined number of sectors, independent of the physical tracks. The conversion between the logical track and sector addresses read from the disk and the linear logical addresses supplied from a host device is easy. The addresses written in headers of the sectors in the logical track in which data are actually recorded, including substitute sectors used in place of defect sectors, are preferably consecutive to further facilitate the conversion between the logical track and sector addresses read from the disk and the linear logical addresses supplied from the host device.

Abstract: An information recording medium according to an embodiment of this invention has a plurality of disk-like information recording layers, which are adhered to each other within an allowable decentering error range, and an embossed lead-in area assured on each information recording layer has first guard tracks which are formed within the range of the first radial distance from the radial position of the innermost periphery of the embossed lead-in area toward the outer periphery side, and second guard tracks which are formed within the range of the second radial distance from the radial position of the outermost periphery of the embossed lead-in area toward the inner periphery side.

Abstract: An adaptive motion controller for driving a servo motor. The adaptive motion controller has an amplifier including a voltage command which can be set at a voltage at which the amplifier will be operated, a frequency selector which can be set at a frequency at which the amplifier will be operated, a power supply having a current feedback, and a control for driving the servo motor in a test mode wherein the voltage command is set at a selected voltage, and the frequency selector is sequentially set with a series of different frequencies. The servo motor is operated at each frequency, and the frequency of the series of frequencies that has the lowest current feedback is determined and the frequency selector is set at that frequency when the amplifier is operated to drive the servo motor.

Abstract: Information is recorded on an information recording medium such as a magneto-optical recording medium, having two recording tracks arranged alternately typically in a double spiral manner. The two recording tracks have different recording characteristics and information is firstly recorded on the recording track less liable to cross write, typically on a land section, and subsequently on the recording track more liable to cross write, typically on a groove section.

Abstract: An optical data-storage medium comprises a base structure adapted to supply a peripheral surface with a medium adhered thereon, forming a data surface responsive to a light beam for providing optical signals corresponding to a plurality of data, wherein the plurality of data are arranged in a three dimensional pattern, most preferably, a plurality of helixes suitable for application of parallel processing of information. For this purpose, an optical data-storage apparatus is designed from a single platform to accommodate the optical data-storage medium rotatable therein about an axial line at a steady and constant speed, and to allow a plurality of optical heads each capable of providing a light beam jointly movable in a direction generally parallel to the axial line so as to simultaneously process a plurality of data bits at a time, i.e., in parallel.

Abstract: An optical positioning circuit includes an electro-optic positioner which positions an optical beam on an optical medium to read/write patterns of data on the optical medium, and a driver circuit, such as an inductive capacitive circuit, which drives the electro-optic positioner. The optical medium has a dimension along which the optical medium is moved, and each of the micropatterns extends along less than (e.g., {fraction (1/10)}th of) that dimension.

Abstract: A disc-shaped optical record carrier includes a first area having a spiral track extending in a first direction from an inner side on the disc, and a second area having a spiral track extending in a second direction opposite to the first direction, from an outer side on the disc located on the same plane as the first area on the disc, wherein one of the first and second areas is assigned a recordable area and the other is assigned a read only area.

Abstract: In an optical recording medium 10 comprising groove tracks 11 including a first area Ba for recording record information and a second area Ca in which predetermined data is formed as embossed pit rows 19 and a readout of other data overwritten and recorded on said embossed pit rows 19 is prevented, and land tracks 12 formed between the adjacent groove tracks 11, a depth Ed and a duty of the embossed pit rows 19 are set so that a radial push-pull signal in the first area and a radial push-pull signal in the second area become the substantially same level.

Abstract: Virtual recording cells are assumed within a groove on a recording layer of an optical recording medium. Recording marks with five or more different sizes are formed on each of the virtual recording cells by means of modulating the irradiation time of the laser beam in five levels or more in correspondence to the information to be recorded. The reflectance of the virtual recording cells modulates in many levels and the reflection level of the readout laser beam during regeneration is modulated in five levels or more.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for a stamper for an information recording medium includes driving an original disk, irradiating a beam for exposure on the original disk, performing exposure to light in a shape of a track by scanning the beam in a radial direction of the original disk, controlling a width of the scanning so that borders on both sides of the track are shifted in phase from each other with a phase difference. The original disk is developed to form the track, and a shape of a surface of the original disk is transferred to a stamper.

Abstract: A signal can be detected based on a level slice system and detection delay time can be reduced by setting the recording density of a header field in a linear direction lower (coarse) than that of a user data recording field. Further, a signal can be detected based on the level slice system and detection delay time can be reduced by using a mark position form having a large detection margin as an information recording system of the header field. A readout error of a sector number due to a detection error is compensated for by recording address marks AM for attaining byte synchronization of the header field in both of a head portion and tail portion of information recorded in the header field.

Abstract: A method for reproducing information from an optical medium including a substrate with grooves and lands serving as recording tracks alternately formed on the substrate in a radial direction, the recording tracks are divided into recording units in the circumferential direction and each recording unit has a prepit area in a non-groove portion of the substrate including a first prepit representative of VFO information and a second prepit representative of address information. The first prepit and second prepit are located on both sides of a center line of one track and formed on each side of the center line of the one track so as to be shared with an adjacent track adjacent the one side of the center line of the track, and every prepit does not exist at opposing positions on both sides of the center line of one track. Information recorded on the optical medium is reproduced.

Abstract: A frequency demodulating circuit, optical disk and preformatting device having a decoder for decoding a bit “0” and a bit “1” for reproducing address information recorded as a wobble groove. The decoder determines whether an output is a digital “1” or a digital “0” so that even if the waveform of the reproduced signal is erratic or unstable due to a defect, a digital “1” or a digital “0” can be correctly identified by utilizing window pulses. Changes in the slop of a zero cross point of the groove wobble are prevented from occurring by making the groove wobble amplitude fluctuate according to the signal frequency modulation which also greatly reduces jitter and allowing satisfactory acquisition of the address information. Oversampling clock signals of biphase bits are generated by frequency division of data clock signals.

Abstract: A miniaturized stationary optical storage system capable of reading and writing data on an optical storage media is disclosed. In the disclosed invention, the disk is held stationary and the beam is made to scan on both the axes by using an acousto optic technique. The preferred embodiment has a technique of obtaining parallel scanning beam, which is focused on to the optical storage media and the photo detector receives the reflected beam carrying the optical signal. The system has the capability of reading as well as writing on the optical storage media by using the same source or different source. The preferred embodiment also utilizes square as well as circular optical storage media of reduced size, which is achieved, by adopting smaller spot size and higher scanning resolution. The method of magnifying the scan angle of the scanning beam from the acousto optic deflector is also disclosed. The alternative embodiment utilizes phase shifting for reading the signal rather than the intensity of the signal.

Abstract: A dye record disc has a disc shape substrate having a track-forming surface divided into a read-only area and a recordable area. A reproducing track is formed on the track-forming surface in the read-only area, and has a plurality of pits, each of the pits comprising a dye material, and having a shape corresponding to the reproducing information. A recording/reproducing track is formed on the track-forming surface in the recordable area, and extends continuously, the recording/reproducing track comprising the same dye material as each of the pits.

Abstract: In an optical recording medium of land/groove recording system, a sufficient tilt margin and a reduced cross talk are realized simultaneously with a sufficiently increased output.

Abstract: An exposure system and method for an original disk for an information recording medium. A rotating device is provided for driving an original disk and an optical head irradiates a beam for exposure on the original disk. A scanner performs exposure to light in a shape of a track by scanning the beam in a radial direction of the original disk and a controller controls a width of the scanning by the scanner. The controller controls the scanner so that borders on both sides of the track are shifted in phase from each other with a phase difference.

Abstract: An optical disc (1) is provided with: a disc substrate (110); an information track (102, G) formed on the disc substrate spirally or coaxially around a center of the disc substrate, on which an information signal including a physical sector number is to be recorded; and a guide track (102, L) adjacent to the information track and formed on the disc substrate spirally or coaxially around the center, on which a guide signal including address information is to be recorded, wherein a readable emboss area, in which the information signal is recorded by an emboss pit, and an unreadable emboss area, in which an unreadable emboss pit to disable writing and reading the information signal, are formed on the information track, and the guide signal is not recorded on the guide track corresponding to the readable emboss area and the guide signal is recorded on the guide track corresponding to the unreadable emboss area.

Abstract: An optical disk physical has a recording region divided into zones, each zone including physical tracks adjacent to each other. An integer number of sectors are provided in each physical track. The angular recording density is higher in the more outward zones such that the linear recording density is substantially constant throughout the recording region, and logical tracks are formed of a predetermined number of sectors, independent of the physical tracks. The conversion between the logical track and sector addresses read from the disk and the linear logical addresses supplied from a host device is easy. The addresses written in headers of the sectors in the logical track in which data are actually recorded, including substitute sectors used in place of defect sectors, are preferably consecutive to further facilitate the conversion between the logical track and sector addresses read from the disk and the linear logical addresses supplied from the host device.

Abstract: The present invention provides an exposure apparatus of an optical disc master plate for exposing a photoresist master plate and writing-in a DVD-R format, and a method of exposing an optical disc master plate. The exposure apparatus of the optical disc master plate can cause both the wobble signal and the land pre-pit signal to precisely synchronize with each other and to output the synchronized signals by use of a formatter. The formatter can facilitate the design of a separation element for electrically separating an analog circuit and a digital circuit from each other and a circumferential circuit thereof. The formatter of the optical disc exposing apparatus operates on the basis of the predetermined basic clock signal Fclk. The formatter is provided with a wobble signal generating circuit which generates a wobble signal and a land pre-pit signal generating circuit which operates on the basis of the same basic clock signal Fclk and generates a land pre-pit signal.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for a stamper for an information recording medium includes driving an original disk, irradiating a beam for exposure on the original disk, performing exposure to light in a shape of a track by scanning the beam in a radial direction of the original disk, controlling a width of the scanning so that borders on both sides of the track are shifted in phase from each other with a phase difference. The original disk is developed to form the track, and a shape of a surface of the original disk is transferred to a stamper.

Abstract: A novel recording medium capable of realizing high density, reliability in a recording/reproducing operation and facilitating the process which is performed by a drive apparatus is provided. An amplitude amount of wobbling of a track is made to be 10 nm to 15 nm and a track pitch of the track is made 0.74 &mgr;m to 0.82 &mgr;m. The determined values enable large-capacity recording to be realized and the recording/reproducing performance to be prevented from being deteriorated. As administration information, recommended information for a recording/reproducing operation at an inner peripheral position and an outer peripheral position is recorded. The size of data in a linking section is made to be the same as the sector for constituting a data block.

Abstract: When a laser beam is directed onto an optical head substrate (3) to allow it to form a spiral or concentric pit strings (P), the laser beam is so shot as to provide a path parallel to, or obliquely with respect to, the pit string (P). For example, the laser beam shot provides a circular arc path having a diameter corresponding to a sum of a radius r of the innermost side pit string {P(point B)} and a radius R of the outermost side pit string {P(point A)} on the optical disk substrate, the circular arc path contacting with the innermost side pit string and with the outermost side pit string on the optical disk substrate.

Abstract: An optical disk apparatus is capable of reproducing information from an optical disk 10. The optical disk apparatus mainly includes an illuminating unit which is formed from a semiconductor laser 14, a collimator lens 15, a polarization beam splitter (PBS) 16 and a -wavelength converter 17, as well as an objective lens 18, that focuses a light beam onto the optical disk 10; a two-segment split photo detector 21 which detects the light beam reflected by the optical disk 10; and a signal processing circuit 27 which processes a signal obtained by the two-segment split photo detector 21 to output a signal for reproduction.

Abstract: A method of formatting rewritable compact optical disks. In some example embodiments, a disk is initially partially formatted for immediate useability, and then additional incremental formatting is provided until the disk is completely formatted. The additional formatting may take place while a drive is off-line. In one embodiment, data is written to an unformatted disk with data writing and formatting taking place simultaneously. In various example embodiments, lead-in and lead-out areas may be written first with nothing in between or lead-in and lead-out areas may optionally written only if needed.

Abstract: A method for constructing an optical disk and a method of signal detection which permits a read only device, such as a CD-ROM or DVD-ROM reader, to create a permanent mark on a disk in such a way that it can be subsequently determined that the disk had been previously accessed is disclosed. Such a disk facilitates the operation of CD-ROM or DVD-ROM based systems where the behavior depends on whether or not the information on the optical disk had been previously accessed.

Abstract: A method of formatting rewritable compact optical disks. In some example embodiments, a disk is initially partially formatted for immediate useability, and then additional incremental formatting is provided until the disk is completely formatted. The additional formatting may take place while a drive is off-line. In one embodiment, data is written to an unformatted disk with data writing and formatting taking place simultaneously. In various example embodiments, lead-in and lead-out areas may be written first with nothing in between or lead-in and lead-out areas may optionally written only if needed.

Abstract: Storing data on a data processing system is done upon generation of a data file by displaying a user interface allowing user selection of storage criteria for the data file. Responsive to user selection of storage criteria for a file determining a physical format type for the file from a plurality of available physical format types. Then the file is stored on a direct access storage device as at least a first record conforming with the determined physical format type.

Abstract: A read only memory (ROM) disc 10 has an annular ROM area 12 in an outer area thereof, and a random access memory (RAM) disc 20 has an annular RAM area 22 in an inner area thereof. The ROM disc and the RAM disc are manufactured independently each other under respective preferable conditions. An optical disc 30 is provided by adhering the ROM disc and the RAM disc each other. An optical pickup 32 reproduces the optical disc or records thereon by irradiating a light from one side thereof.

Abstract: An optical recording method according to the invention is provided such, that when an optical pickup (2) is moved over an optical disk (1), the optical pickup (2) being positioned onto the target track location, record marks are recorded on the optical disk (1) by a light beam irradiated onto the optical disk (1) through the optical pickup (2). An irradiation position of the light beam is offset during recording by a predetermined amount to a track at the recording direction side relative to the target track location, and a record mark is formed on a target track by the offset light beam.

Abstract: A method of formatting rewritable compact optical disks. In some example embodiments, a disk is initially partially formatted for immediate useability, and then additional incremental formatting is provided until the disk is completely formatted. The additional formatting may take place while a drive is off-line. In one embodiment, data is written to an unformatted disk with data writing and formatting taking place simultaneously. In various example embodiments, lead-in and lead-out areas may be written first with nothing in between or lead-in and lead-out areas may optionally written only if needed.

Abstract: A receiver/recorder for television transmissions whereby continuous recording of television transmission occurs from at least one channel onto a random-access rewritable recording medium. At each of a plurality of predetermined locations a binary code is periodically written to represent a filling of predetermined portions corresponding respectively to the predetermined locations. An indexing device responds to the binary code in order to automatically distinguish between a first in time recorded transmission on the medium from a second in time recorded transmission on the medium at a particular one of the predetermined locations.

Abstract: The present invention concerns an arrangement for reading an optically readable carrier on which data is stored in the form of diffractive elements. The data elements each have a plurality of adjacent tracks on the carrier with data elements being positioned on adjacent tracks. The system utilizes an illumination device for projecting a light onto the carrier in order to obtain diffraction of light along the entire length of each of the data elements with an optical arrangement collecting light emerging from the carrier. The optical arrangement is configured and positioned so that light which emerges from the carrier is selectively collected as a function of the angular direction of light from the carrier. The collected light is converted into a data readout signal.

Abstract: A disc shaped data recording medium adapted for recording/reproducing information data in a medium adapted for recording/reproducing information data in accordance with a modified constant angular velocity system and having sectors allocated in an interleaving manner which is adjusted in accordance with a track location along the radius of the disc shaped data recording medium. By allocating the sectors in this fashion, the data rate of the data recorded on the medium can be unified over the data recording medium from its innermost track to its outermost track.

Abstract: An optical memory system includes memory cells which utilize synthetic DNA as a component of the information storage mechanism. In the preferred embodiment, memory cells contain one or more chromophoric memory units attached to a support substrate. Each chromophoric memory unit comprises a donor, an acceptor and, at some time during its existence, an active quencher associated with the donor and/or the acceptor. The donor and the acceptor permit non-radiative energy transfer, preferably by Forster energy transfer. To write to the memory cell, the quencher is rendered inactive, preferably by illumination with ultraviolet light. To read, the chromophoric memory units in a read portal are illuminated, and the read illumination is detected. In the preferred embodiment, multiple chromophoric memory units having resolvable read properties are contained within a single read portal. In this way, a multibit word of data may be read from a single diffraction limited read portal.

Abstract: Track detection methods and apparatus for simultaneous electronic monitoring of the locations of multiple adjacent data tracks is provided. A dedicated tracking detector enables both a longer integration time for developing a tracking signal and decreased processing requirements for developing useful tracking information.