Abstract: A recording device includes: a recording unit that records plural objects including data and metadata related to the data on a portable recording medium, and executes a process of recording first set data, which is a set of the metadata included in the object, at every predetermined timing after recording at least one of the objects, wherein each piece of the first set data is a set of the metadata included in the object recorded after recording of immediately preceding recorded first set data.

Abstract: A recording device includes: a recording unit that records plural objects including data and metadata related to the data on a portable recording medium, and executes a process of recording first set data, which is a set of the metadata included in the object, at every predetermined timing after recording at least one of the objects, wherein each piece of the first set data is a set of the metadata included in the object recorded after recording of immediately preceding recorded first set data.

Abstract: Various systems and methods may benefit from determination of environmental signatures in recordings. For example, such signatures may aid forensic analysis and alignment of media recordings, such as alignment of audio or video recordings. A method can include extracting electric network frequency signals from an image sequence of a video recording or an audio recording. The method can also include synchronizing the video recording or the audio recording with at least one other datum based on the electric network frequency signals.

Abstract: A portable storage device is provided with a memory part, a free space detecting part, a vibration detecting part, a reporting part, and a controller. The memory part stores data. The free space detecting part detects a free space of the memory part. The vibration detecting part detects vibration. The reporting part reports the free space. The controller performs writing and reading of data for the memory part. If vibration is detected by the vibration detecting part, the controller causes the reporting part to report corresponding to the detection result of the free space of the memory part by the free space detecting part.

Abstract: A method for judging a coercive force of a magnetic recording medium, so recording magnetic information can be formed in either a low coercivity magnetic medium or a high coercivity magnetic medium by using a magnetic head. A magnetic information recording step writes magnetic information in the magnetic recording medium by alternately using a first write current suitable for writing in the low coercivity magnetic medium and a second write current suitable for writing in the high coercivity magnetic medium. A magnetic information reproducing step reproduces the magnetic information written in the magnetic recording medium. A judging step makes a judgment on a coercive force of the magnetic recording medium by way of comparing a first reproduced output A of the magnetic information written with the first write current and a second reproduced output B of the magnetic information written with the second write current.

Abstract: The automatic, tiered retention storage system according to certain aspects can automatically classify data items based on content, such as based on the inclusion of search terms in the data items, or based on metadata or other characteristics associated with the data. Based on the classification, the system can assign the data items to corresponding user-defined “buckets.” In some embodiments, each bucket is associated with a particular tier in the storage system having a specific retention period.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes apparatuses and techniques of improved sequential-access of storage media. In some aspects an indication that a storage media interface failed to access a block of storage media is received during a sequential-access of the storage media and the storage media interface is caused to attempt to read a next block of the sequential-access subsequent the sector failed to be accessed during the same sequential-access.

Abstract: An optical disk apparatus which conducts overwriting of data on a rewritable optical disk or conducts write-once recording of data on a write-once optical disk includes a control unit for receiving a recording command which specifies a recording area and orders recording and receiving transfer data, and a collation unit for collating existing data on the optical disk with the transfer data. Upon reception of the recording command and the transfer data by the control unit, the existing data is collated with the transfer data by the collation unit, and overwrite recording of data in places where the transfer data is different from the existing data is conducted on the rewritable optical disk, or data in places where the transfer data is different from the existing data is recorded in an unrecorded area of the write-once optical disk.

Abstract: A device for recording data and data structures on a write-once storage medium. The device has writing means for recording the data and the data structures and controlling means for generating the data structures and controlling the writing means. The data structures comprise space bit map and defect management structures. The controlling means are adapted to record the data structures at a predefined temporary location on the write-once storage medium and to finalize the write-once storage medium by recording the data structures at a predefined fixed location as defined for a rewritable storage medium.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes apparatuses and techniques of improved sequential-access of storage media. In some aspects an indication that a media disk interface failed to read a sector of a sequential-read during a revolution of the media disk is received and the media disk interface is caused to attempt to read a next sector of the sequential-read subsequent the sector failed to be read during a same revolution of the media disk.

Abstract: A video apparatus includes a video processor for performing video processing to generate normal video data. The video processor includes an on-screen display (OSD) module for selectively generating OSD data that is capable of being mixed into the normal video data. The video apparatus further includes a digital output path including a digital transmitter and an analog output path including a digital-to-analog converter (DAC). The video apparatus is capable of outputting OSD data through an unauthorized output path out of the digital and analog output paths to provide a user with a warning message or an interactive help dialogue.

Abstract: Reading a partly written writable record carrier having a track structure for positioning the write head above unwritten areas of the track pattern by means of a reading device which positions the read head on the basis of written marks, yields problems when an isolated information block after an unwritten area must be read. A system is disclosed for writing and reading information blocks on a record carrier of a writable type such as a CD-RW or a DVD-RAM. The writing device is provided with status means for generating status information which is indicative of the fact that at least one area of the record carrier has been written, while the status information comprises initial-area information which is indicative of an uninterrupted written initial area which extends from the start of a track pattern area intended for writing information blocks. The status information can be fixed on the record carrier. A reading device is also described, in which the positioning is dependent on the status information.

Abstract: A device for recording data and data structures on a write-once storage medium. The device has writing means for recording the data and the data structures and controlling means for generating the data structures and controlling the writing means. The data structures comprise space bit map and defect management structures. The controlling means are adapted to record the data structures at a predefined temporary location on the write-once storage medium and to finalize the write-once storage medium by recording the data structures at a predefined fixed location as defined for a rewritable storage medium.

Abstract: Information is recorded on a multi-layered optical recording medium by irradiating it with a laser beam. The recording medium can form a first information recording layer that is the farthest from a light incident surface, a second information recording layer that is the second farthest from the light incident surface, and at least one third information recording layer that is located closer to the light incident surface than the second information recording layer is. At this time, if all the information recording layers other than the first information recording layer are either blank or have been completely recorded, then information is recorded on the first information recording layer. This allows for stabilizing the energy of a recording laser beam during recording and thereby providing improved recording quality.

Abstract: An optical head 12 reproduces information recorded on an optical disc 11, a BCA detector 21 and a medium discriminating circuit 22 acquire waveform distortion information for specifying a waveform distortion of a reproduction signal reproduced by the optical head 12, and a variable waveform equalizer 16 changes a parameter used in a distortion reduction processing for reducing the waveform distortion of the reproduction signal based on the waveform distortion information.

Abstract: This invention provides an information processing method and apparatus, which can set all extent sizes of data divisionally recorded on a disk to be equal to or larger than the minimum recording unit, and can guarantee continuous reproduction of the divisionally recorded data. Of data divisionally recorded on a recording medium (5), data which corresponds to an end portion of that data and cannot be recorded as a recording area equal to or larger than a minimum recording unit specified in the recording medium (5) due to the presence of a recording area (6) of another data, that has already been recorded on the recording medium (5), is re-recorded on a recording area equal to or larger than the minimum recording unit. At this time, new data is generated by combining data less than the minimum recording unit, and data recorded in another recording area, and the new data is re-recorded on a new recording area.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes apparatuses and techniques of improved sequential-access of storage media. In some aspects an indication that a media disk interface failed to read a sector of a sequential-read during a revolution of the media disk is received and the media disk interface is caused to attempt to read a next sector of the sequential-read subsequent the sector failed to be read during a same revolution of the media disk.

Abstract: Provided are an optical disc having a plurality of recording layers, and a method and apparatus for recording data thereon. The optical disc has a plurality of recording layers, each recording layer including: a data area; a connecting area; and a remaining area. The data, connecting, and remaining areas are respectively disposed in a direction from an inner circumference of the optical disc to an outer circumference. An outer boundary of each of the data areas is determined according to an amount of data to be recorded. Locations of the connecting areas and the remaining areas are determined by a recording and/or reproducing apparatus according to the determination of the outer boundary of each of the data areas.

Abstract: Audio-centered information is stored on a unitary medium by using a Table-of-Contents (TOC) mechanism that specifies an actual configuration of various audio items on the medium. In particular, each one of a set of one or more Track Areas gets at least two mutually logically conforming Sub-TOCs assigned. This allows to retrieve any constituent Sub-TOC part from at least any correct copy of the Sub-TOCs. Furthermore, one or more Master-TOCs are provided for specifically pointing to each of the Sub-TOCs.

Abstract: A recording medium, such as a high-density and/or read-only recording medium including a data area including at least two data sections and a linking area to link neighboring data sections, the linking area including at least two frame sync signals, where values of the at least two frame sync signals maintain uniqueness, and to methods and apparatuses for forming, recording, and reproducing the recording medium.

Abstract: Provided are an optical disc having a plurality of recording layers, and a method and apparatus for recording data thereon. The optical disc has a plurality of recording layers, each recording layer including: a data area; a connecting area; and a remaining area. The data, connecting, and remaining areas are respectively disposed in a direction from an inner circumference of the optical disc to an outer circumference. An outer boundary of each of the data areas is determined according to an amount of data to be recorded. Locations of the connecting areas and the remaining areas are determined by a recording and/or reproducing apparatus according to the determination of the outer boundary of each of the data areas.

Abstract: A write-once read-many information recording medium is provided, which is capable of easily searching for a latest DDS and a latest defect list. At least one disc management working area is sequentially allocated in a predetermined direction on the write-once read-many information recording medium of the present invention. The latest defect list and the latest DDS are provided in a recorded disc management working area neighboring a border between the recorded disc management working area and an unrecorded disc management working area, where the latest defect list precedes the latest DDS in the predetermined direction.

Abstract: A device for recording data and data structures on a write-once storage medium. The device has writing means for recording the data and the data structures and controlling means for generating the data structures and controlling the writing means. The data structures comprise space bit map and defect management structures. The controlling means are adapted to record the data structures at a predefined temporary location on the write-once storage medium and to finalize the write-once storage medium by recording the data structures at a predefined fixed location as defined for a rewritable storage medium.

Abstract: A movement device of a recording determination apparatus moves a pickup in a radial direction of an optical disc. The pickup irradiates laser light to the optical disc to output an electric signal, based on reflected light from a laser spot. A control device acquires address information relating to an arrangement position of the laser spot, based on the electric signal. The control device controls the movement device to move the laser spot from a data area to a recordable area. The control device determines whether or not data is recorded in the recordable area, based on the electric signal until a reference time has elapsed from a border potion between the data area and the recordable area, the border portion being specified based on the address information.

Abstract: An apparatus for judging an optical disc includes a gain controller, an amplitude detecting unit and an amplitude comparing unit. The gain controller is used for receiving a radio frequency signal from an optical pickup head; and processing the radio frequency signal into an amplified radio frequency signal with a target amplitude according to an amplitude feedback signal. The amplitude detecting unit is used for receiving the amplified radio frequency signal, generating the amplitude feedback signal to the gain controller, and outputting a top envelope amplitude according to an top envelope signal of the amplified radio frequency signal. The amplitude comparing unit is used for comparing the top envelope amplitude with a threshold value to generate a resulting signal, and judging whether the laser beams emitted from the optical pickup head are irradiated on a blank area or a data-recorded area according to the resulting signal.

Abstract: An information recording medium that can be rapidly finalized, and a recording/reproducing apparatus and method using the same are provided. In the information recording medium, a prepit is pre-formed in a finalization area. Since the portion that has to be filled with data in finalizing the information recording medium is previously formed as the prepits series in manufacturing the information recording medium, the time necessary to finalize the information recording medium can be shortened, thereby achieving the rapid finalization of the medium.

Abstract: A recording device records contents in a plurality of recording media. While the recording device records a content in a recording medium, if a free space of the recording medium runs out, an unrecorded part of the content needs to be recorded in another recording medium. In order to play back all parts of the content, all recording media in which all the parts of the content have been separately recorded are necessary. Particularly, if an internal recording medium included in the recording device has a small space and accordingly a sufficient space is secured by connecting an external removable recording medium to the recording device after the recording has started, parts of the content are separately recorded in the internal recording medium and the external recording medium.

Abstract: An optical disk apparatus for enabling to insert a multi-layered optical disk therein, which has plural numbers of recording layers, comprising: a spindle motor 42; an optical pickup 2; and a system controller 100 for controlling the optical pickup to move into a radial direction of the optical disk, as well as, for controlling the optical pickup so that a light-beam irradiated therefrom is focused upon either one of the plural numbers of recording layers of the optical disk, wherein when it is determined that the target layer to be accessed lies on a layer different from that, upon which the optical pickup focuses the light-beam at present, the light-beam irradiated from the optical pickup is shifted to the target layer, after being moved into a radial direction of said optical disk on the layer, upon which the light-beam irradiated therefrom is focused at present, up to an information recording area where the information of the target layer is recoded.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a recording apparatus, a recording method, a program, and a recording medium whereby data is reproduced from a two-layer optical disk that has yet to be formatted completely. A control section 51 divides a recording area of a layer L0 of the optical disk 33 into a plurality of recording regions and a recording area of a layer L1 of the same disk 33 into a plurality of recording regions at substantially the same physical positions as the recording regions of the layer L0. A control section 51 records the region where user-designated data was last written. The control section 51 controls a signal processing section 56 to write dummy data to the recording area of the layer L0 or L1 different from the layer that includes the region to which the user-designated data was last written.

Abstract: A recording method for recording data in basic reproduction unit to a recording medium having a first recording layer and a second recording layer, includes detecting a size of an unrecorded region of the first recording layer while recording data in the basic reproduction unit in the first recording layer, comparing the size of the unrecorded region of the first recording layer with a specified value and stopping recording in the first recording layer at the boundary of the basic reproduction unit when the size of the unrecorded region is smaller than the specified value, and recording a subsequent data in the second recording layer.

Abstract: A method and a device of distinguishing blank area from non-blank area in an optical disc are provided. An input signal such as a DPD TE signal or RF ripple signal is first filtered to obtain a filtered signal. A subtracting operation of the input signal and the filtered signal is then performed to obtain a first signal. According to a peak value and a bottom value of the first signal, the first signal is processed into a second signal. By comparing the second signal with a reference signal, whether the currently read area is blank area or non-blank area can be discriminated. An indicating signal is outputted at a first value to indicate the blank area while the indicating signal is outputted at a second value to indicate the non-blank area.

Abstract: A recording apparatus that records data to an optical disc is disclosed. The recording apparatus includes a determination section that determines, when the optical disc is inserted, whether or not the recording condition information has been copied and recorded in the data recording area, a reading section that reads the recording condition information from the low recording-density area when the recording condition information has not been copied or recorded in the data recording area, and a recording section that copies and records the recording condition information read from the low recording-density area to a copy area in the data recording area while the optical disc is inserted.

Abstract: An information recording apparatus (200) is provided with: a recording device (353) for recording data onto an information recording medium (100) being provided with a first recording layer (L0) and a second recording layer (L1); a first controlling device (354) for controlling the recording device to record the data into each of the first recording layer and the second recording layer; a forming device (354) for forming a compatibility area (106, 109, 116, 119) for realizing reproduction compatibility of the information recording medium on an information recording apparatus, following the data recorded in each of the first recording layer and the second recording layer; and a second controlling device (354) for controlling the recording device to record the data into the formed compatibility area if the data is recorded after the compatibility area is formed.

Abstract: A file system which is enabled to use a Metadata Partition instead of VAT for write-once discs, is provided by a pseudo-overwrite method. On applying this invention to a drive apparatus which supports pseudo-overwrite media, the file system distinguishes data to overwrite from data to append. When the data is newly written to a logical sector, the drive apparatus writes the data to a physical sector to which the logical sector corresponds. When the logical sector is overwritten the data is written to another unrecorded physical sector in the volume space, and remapping information that specifies the original address, and the remapping address are stored in the remapping table.

Abstract: A phase error detection apparatus capable of performing offset correction of a tracking error signal accurately even when there is a defect or a non-recorded position on an optical disc. There are provided a phase difference detection circuit (107) which receives two sequences of digital signals, performs phase comparison using a distance between zerocross points of the two sequences of digital signals, and outputs a phase comparison result PCR and a phase comparison completion signal PCC, and an offset control circuit (11) which outputs an offset correction amount for each phase comparison completion signal PCC from the phase difference detection circuit (107), and the offset correction amount ?? is added to the phase comparison result PCR to avoid offset correction in a position where phase comparison is not carried out.

Abstract: A drive apparatus of the present invention includes a recording/reproduction section and a drive control section. The drive control section performs a process including: determining a first track of the plurality of tracks, based on the physical address corresponding to the logical address included in the recording instruction and the track management information; determining whether or not the first track is a closed track; when the first track is determined to be the closed track, performing a process including: determining a second track different from the first track, the second track being an open track; determining as a next writable address a physical address indicating a location at which data can be recorded next in the second track, based on the last recorded address in the second track; pseudo-overwrite recording the data at the next writable address as a replacement location.

Abstract: A write-once read-many information recording medium is provided, which is capable of easily searching for a latest DDS and a latest defect list. At least one disc management working area is sequentially allocated in a predetermined direction on the write-once read-many information recording medium of the present invention. The latest defect list and the latest DDS are provided in a recorded disc management working area neighboring a border between the recorded disc management working area and an unrecorded disc management working area, where the latest defect list precedes the latest DDS in the predetermined direction.

Abstract: An apparatus for judging an optical disc includes a gain controller, an amplitude detecting unit and an amplitude comparing unit. The gain controller is used for receiving a radio frequency signal from an optical pickup head; and processing the radio frequency signal into an amplified radio frequency signal with a target amplitude according to an amplitude feedback signal. The amplitude detecting unit is used for receiving the amplified radio frequency signal, generating the amplitude feedback signal to the gain controller, and outputting a top envelope amplitude according to an top envelope signal of the amplified radio frequency signal. The amplitude comparing unit is used for comparing the top envelope amplitude with a threshold value to generate a resulting signal, and judging whether the laser beams emitted from the optical pickup head are irradiated on a blank area or a data-recorded area according to the resulting signal.

Abstract: A method of recording information on a recording medium. The method includes determining whether an amount of information recorded in a user data area is equal to or greater than a predetermined value when a finalizing process is performed on the recording medium. The user data area is an area of the recording medium and is used for information recording. The method further includes padding an area subsequent to an area of the user data area in which the information is recorded, by recording dummy information, if the amount of the information is less than the predetermined value, and recording management information for managing the dummy information as a file, in the user data area, for dummy information that has been recorded halfway, if the padding is interrupted.

Abstract: A file system is enabled to use a Metadata Partition instead of VAT for write-once discs, and is provided by a pseudo-overwrite method with a plurality of tracks especially for metadata and file data. On applying this invention to a drive apparatus that supports pseudo-overwrite media, the file system distinguishes data to overwrite from data to append (S1701). When the data is newly written to a logical sector, the drive apparatus writes the data to a physical sector to which the logical sector corresponds (S1703). When the data being overwritten is data stored in the logical sector, the data is written to the other unrecorded physical sector in the volume space (S1704), and remapping information is written (S1705). The remapping information specifies the original address of the physical sector, and the remapping address of the physical sector in which the data is written.

Abstract: A method for determining the completeness of an optical disc and a method for playing the optical disc are provided. The method for playing the optical disc includes: performing focusing on and tracking on the optical disc; detecting whether the optical disc contains any data if the focusing on succeeds while the tracking on fails; if the optical disc contains data, turning on a servo system to perform focusing on and tracking on to the area containing the data and determining whether a file information area contains a file system; if the file information area does not contain any file system, reading the outmost data in a video data area to locate a file allocation data table; and playing the data stored in the video data area according to the file allocation data table.

Abstract: In a write once type optical disc, when ejecting the disc and turning power OFF, it is necessary to update record management data on the disc so that the record management data on the disc coincide with the record management data on the memory. Here, the update of the record management data on the disc requires a certain time. The present invention provides a user-friendly recording/reproduction apparatus including a unit for judging whether the disc record management information can be updated according to the ratio of the recorded capacity with respect to the recording-enabled capacity. Upon completion of the user data recording, the disc record management information is recorded so that the record management data is not updated when power is turned OFF or the disc is ejected, thereby reducing the time required for the power turning OFF and the disc ejection.

Abstract: An optical pickup apparatus capable of irradiating an optical recording medium having a plurality of recording layers on which a signal is recorded with laser light includes a light source emitting the laser light, a light-concentrating element concentrating the laser light emitted from the light source on the optical recording medium, a phase difference element having a region divided into at least two regions which the laser light reflected by the optical recording medium enters and producing a phase difference between first light and second light reflected by a non-target layer which is not a target of recording or reproduction of the signal out of the plurality of recording layers and entering the at least two regions such that the first and the second light weaken each other, and a photodetector receiving the laser light emitted from the phase difference element.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for controlling the record and reproduction of optical record medium in which plural nonrecord regions having different phase are arranged between recordable data regions for the distinction in the shape of the data region. The method and apparatus performs the servo using focus error signal and tracking error signal averaged by the low pass filter at the header region of the optical disc. Especially, the tracking servo is performed by holding a fixed DC off-set value at the header region existing on the L/G switching or holding the tracking error value of the previous same track region. As a result, the exact header region is detected, the track sliding phenomenon is removed, and the tracking servo is stabilized, resulting in preventing the degeneration of the record and reproduction characteristics.

Abstract: A method for writing a signal on an optical disk is disclosed. The optical disk comprises a track groove on a recording surface thereof, on which information is recorded along the track groove on a block-by-block basis each said block having a predetermined length and where an identification mark indicating the beginning of each said block, has been formed on the track groove. Writing is started before the identification mark, located at the beginning of at least one block on which the signal should be written, is reached and writing is ended after the identification mark located at the end of the at least one block on which the signal should be written has been passed.

Abstract: A method of accessing an optical disc is disclosed. The method includes: enabling a focus servo control without enabling a tracking servo control, and then moving an optical pick-up unit in a radial direction of the optical disc; obtaining at least a first reference signal and a second reference signal according to a laser beam reflected from the optical disc when the optical pick-up unit is moving in the radial direction; and monitoring at least the first reference signal and the second reference signal to identify a boundary of a predetermined data area on the optical disc.

Abstract: The present invention allows the usability of a write-once recording medium to be enhanced. The write-once recording medium is provided with an ordinary recording/reproduction area, an alternate area, a first alternate-address management information area (DMA) and a second alternate-address management information area (TDMA). In addition, written/unwritten state indication information (a space bitmap) is also recorded. The second alternate-address management information area is an area allowing alternate-address management information recorded therein to be renewed by adding alternate-address management information thereto. In addition, the written/unwritten state indication information indicates whether or not data has been recorded in each data unit (cluster) on the recording medium. Thus, it is possible to correctly execute management of defects and properly implement renewal of data in the write-once recording medium.

Abstract: A method of recording data, as embodied, includes creating and temporarily storing first management information for the data recorded before a recording failure occurs, when the recording failure occurs during recording of the data on a recording medium; continuously recording the data starting from a subsequent available recording location; and creating second management information for the data recorded after the occurrence of the recording failure, and recording the second management information on the recording medium in connection with the temporarily stored first management information when recording is completed.

Abstract: A recording medium, such as a high-density and/or read-only recording medium including a data area including at least two data sections and a linking area to link neighboring data sections, the linking area including dummy data, and to methods and apparatuses for forming, recording, and reproducing the recording medium.

Abstract: An information recording apparatus and method can prevent an information recording medium having a plurality of recording layers from being incompatible with a reproduction-only information recording medium due to an unrecorded area, which is produced by completion of recording in a middle of a data area of the recording layer. The recording layers include at least a first recording layer and a second recording layer, the first recording layer providing a reference with respect to a position of said data area in each of the recording layers. The user data is recorded in response to a recording request. After recording the user data, predetermined data is recorded in a predetermined unrecorded area in the second recording layer.