Abstract: A mining machine assembly includes a dipper having a main body, the main body having a front side, a back side, a bottom side, and a top side. A ground engagement portion extends from the front side, the ground engagement portion including digging teeth. The mining machine assembly also includes a hoist rope attachment assembly coupled to the dipper. The hoist rope attachment assembly is configured to directly couple a hoist rope to the dipper. The hoist rope attachment assembly includes a cam having a first portion extending from the top side of the main body of the dipper, and a second portion that extends from the first portion and away from the main body and digging teeth.

Abstract: A heavy duty excavator bucket is constructed with an exoskeletal structure comprising coupled cast components including a lip member, opposed wing members, junction members locatable between floor and side walls and side and rear walls and a cap rail structure extending between opposed wing members about the upper periphery of the bucket to form an integral structure. Steel plate floor, side wall and rear wall members extend between adjacent exoskeletal regions. The bucket may include a cast arch member extending between opposed wing members and a cast reinforcing member extending between opposed junction members adjacent said rear wall.

Abstract: A heavy duty excavator bucket is constructed with an exoskeletal structure comprising coupled cast components including a lip member, opposed wing members, junction members locatable between floor and side walls and side and rear walls and a cap rail structure extending between opposed wing members about the upper periphery of the bucket to form an integral structure. Steel plate floor, side wall and rear wall members extend between adjacent exoskeletal regions. The bucket may include a cast arch member extending between opposed wing members and a cast reinforcing member extending between opposed junction members adjacent said rear wall.

Abstract: A method of calibrating strain sensors operatively associated with a machine may involve the steps of: Calculating, for each of n loading conditions, at least one structural load associated with at least one member of the machine to produce n calculated structural loads corresponding to the n loading conditions; measuring, for each of n machine positions, at least one strain associated with the at least one member of the machine to produce n measured strains corresponding to the n loading conditions; and determining curve fit parameters from said n calculated structural loads and said n measured strains, the curve fit parameters relating measured strain and structural loads over n loading conditions.

Abstract: The system, method and apparatus described relates generally to a method of Direct Power Compaction (DPC). In one example embodiment to methods, apparatus, and systems to compact loose ground by vibration and compaction of H piles driven by vibrators or drivers (vibro-hammer). The DPC method is an efficient and highly economical technique for densifying loose soils. In the procedure piles, with an innovative H pattern structure, are driven in the ground using a combination of downward and vibratory force to move particles of the loose or sandy soil closer together and reduce the voids between them. Subsequent backfilling and vibration at the H-pile sites achieves the highest density possible and provides for an improvement ground soil structure and load bearing capacity.

Abstract: A dragline bucket assembly includes a main body, and a linkage assembly for coupling a hoist chain to the main body. The main body includes a lateral sidewall that has a top edge and a bottom edge. The linkage assembly includes a pivot attachment point provided on the lateral sidewall at a first distance from the top edge. The linkage assembly further includes an elongated link member having a first longitudinal end and a second longitudinal end spaced apart from the first longitudinal end by a length greater than the first distance. The first longitudinal end is pivotally coupled to the lateral sidewall at the pivot attachment point and the second longitudinal end is attached to the hoist chain.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide an inventive energy recovery method for a hydraulic system comprising a hydraulic cylinder (1), a pump (2), a tank (3), a supply conduit (4), a return conduit (5), and a hydraulic accumulator (7), the method comprises the steps of charging said hydraulic accumulator (7), and storing fluid in said hydraulic accumulator (7), wherein said energy recovery method comprises the step of directing fluid from said hydraulic accumulator (7) into an expanding chamber (8, 9) of said hydraulic cylinder (1) during an overrunning load condition.

Abstract: A shovel includes a dipper, a hoist rope supporting the dipper, and a bail assembly. The bail assembly includes a bail configured to be coupled to the dipper and an equalizer including a mounting block configured to receive a portion of the hoist rope. The bail is pivotable about a bail axis and defines a first side. The equalizer is pivotably coupled to the bail. The equalizer is pivotable about an equalizer axis that is parallel to the first side of the bail and is offset from the first side.

Abstract: The system, method and apparatus described relates generally to a method of Direct Power Compaction (DPC). In one example embodiment to methods, apparatus, and systems to compact loose ground by vibration and compaction of H piles driven by vibrators or drivers (vibro-hammer). The DPC method is an efficient and highly economical technique for densifying loose soils. In the procedure piles, with an innovative H pattern structure, are driven in the ground using a combination of downward and vibratory force to move particles of the loose or sandy soil closer together and reduce the voids between them. Subsequent backfilling and vibration at the H-pile sites achieves the highest density possible and provides for an improvement ground soil structure and load bearing capacity.

Abstract: The within invention relates to a crane with a boom slewable in a vertical pivoting plane and a bracing boom arrangement, particularly a derrick boom arrangement in which a luffing cable is arranged between the boom and the bracing boom arrangement, in which the luffing cable has at least two guying cables that run from two guying points arranged on the opposite side of the pivoting plane, which cables belong to the bracing cable arrangement, to the boom, in which the two guying cables are each movable by means of a winch and in which a mechanical coupling is provided between the two winches by means of which the movement of the two winches can be force coupled.

Abstract: Systems, methods, devices, and computer readable media for controlling the operation of an industrial machine including one or more components. A method of controlling the industrial machine includes determining a position of at least one of the one or more components of the industrial machine during a digging operation, determining a hoist bail pull setting based on the position of the at least one of the one or more components and a relationship between component position and hoist bail pull, and setting a level of hoist bail pull to the hoist bail pull setting. The level of hoist bail pull early in the digging operation is greater than the level of hoist bail pull later in the digging operation.

Abstract: A mining shovel adapted to dig a bank of material includes a boom having an end, a hoist rope extending over the end of the boom, an elongated member movably coupled to the boom, a dipper for engaging the bank of material, a bail assembly, and a pitch brace. The member includes a first end and a second end. The dipper is coupled to the second end of the member and includes a digging edge. The bail assembly includes a first end pivotably coupled to the dipper and a second end coupled to the hoist rope passing over the boom. The pitch brace includes a first end pivotably coupled to the bail assembly and a second end pivotably coupled to the member.

Abstract: A dragline bucket includes a main body moveable between a digging orientation and a dumping orientation and a pivotable spreader beam coupled to the main body at a pivot point. The dragline bucket further includes an energy capture mechanism including an actuator coupled to the main body and the pivotable spreader beam and an energy storage mechanism coupled to the actuator.

Abstract: In particular embodiments of the technology, the bulk density of the payload in the bucket of a large electric dragline is measured during the carry phase of dragline operation by scanning the loaded bucket using a boom mounted scanner to provide data relating to the volume of the loaded bucket. Suitable methods can further include calculating the volume enclosed by the surface of the payload and the known base and sides of the bucket to give payload volume, and dividing the payload volume into payload weight data derived from rope length and motor current data to give the payload bulk density. Methods of screening data points originating from surfaces other than the bucket and payload, and methods of dealing with bucket ope and sway are also described and claimed.

Abstract: An excavation control system includes a working unit having a bucket, a designed landform data storage part storing designed landform data, a bucket position data generation part that generates bucket position data, a designed surface data generation part, and an excavation limit control part. The designed surface data generation part generates superior and subordinate designed surface data based on the designed landform and bucket position data. The superior designed surface data indicates a superior designed surface corresponding to a prescribed position on the bucket. The subordinate designed surface data indicates a plurality of subordinate designed surfaces linked to the superior designed surface. The designed surface data generation part generates shape data based on the superior and subordinate designed surface data. The shape data indicates shapes of the superior designed surface and the plurality of subordinate designed surfaces.

Abstract: A rope guide that includes an arm, a rope-contacting element, and a spring damper. The rope guide is pivotably coupled to the boom of a mining shovel. The combination of the arm, spring damper, and rope-contacting element maintains a nominal tension in the rope, thereby reducing the likelihood of wear and fatigue on the rope.

Abstract: A system for limiting contact between a dipper and dipper attachments and a boom and machinery desk of a shovel, the system defining dipper to boom relative position in terms of crowd amount or hoist length, the system defining the relative position boom limits in terms of a second order polynomial of crowd amount or hoist length. The system also includes a slow speed region of the crowd amount and the hoist length, where the speed is varied depending on the crowd amount or the hoist length. The system also includes a field-strengthening region, depending on the crowd amount or the hoist length, where the field weakening is removed.

Abstract: A light grid system for rope machinery is provided. The light grid system includes one or more light grid assemblies, including one or more sensor frames configured to be coupled to one or more post assemblies and configured to mount adjacent to one or more rope drums. The light grid assemblies also include one or more sensors coupled to the sensor frames, at least a first sensor configured to emit one or more light beams, at least a second sensor configured to receive the light beams. The light beams are positionable a predetermined distance away from the ropes, and the light grid assemblies are configured to transmit a signal to a control module when the light beams are obstructed.

Abstract: Systems, methods, devices, and computer readable media for controlling the operation of an industrial machine including one or more components. A method of controlling the industrial machine includes determining a position of at least one of the one or more components of the industrial machine during a digging operation, determining a hoist bail pull setting based on the position of the at least one of the one or more components and a relationship between component position and hoist bail pull, and setting a level of hoist bail pull to the hoist bail pull setting. The level of hoist bail pull early in the digging operation is greater than the level of hoist bail pull later in the digging operation.

Abstract: A machine includes a base, a main housing that is freely rotatable and supported on the base. The main housing includes a generally horizontal surface. The machine also includes a drum mounted on said main housing, a boom extending from said main housing, a bucket operatively connected to and supported by the boom, a wire rope extending between the drum and the bucket for movement of the bucket, a fairlead disposed on the main housing along a path of the wire rope. The wire rope passes through the fairlead between the drum and the bucket. A dynamic dampening mechanism is disposed on the fairlead, the dynamic dampening mechanism including a dampening fluid having a variable viscosity in response to an electrical current applied thereto.

Abstract: Systems, methods, devices, and computer readable media for controlling the operation of an industrial machine including one or more components. A method of controlling the industrial machine includes determining a position of at least one of the one or more components of the industrial machine during a digging operation, determining a hoist bail pull setting based on the position of the at least one of the one or more components and a relationship between component position and hoist bail pull, and setting a level of hoist bail pull to the hoist bail pull setting. The level of hoist bail pull early in the digging operation is greater than the level of hoist bail pull later in the digging operation.

Abstract: This invention provides a device for preventing sway of a suspended load, which does not require complex calculation for eliminating frictional resistance components. The device is equipped with a speed control device (14) for outputting a torque command based on a speed command, a torque command filter (16), and a load torque observer (4) for estimating the load torque, and configured to output a value obtained by adding a load torque estimation signal to an output of the torque command filter (16). The device is further equipped with a high-pass filter (32) for outputting a signal TRFLHPF in which a frictional resistance component is eliminated from the load torque estimation signal and a sway angle calculator (33) for outputting a sway angle estimation calculated value ?e obtained by multiplying a sway angle calculator factor by the output signal TRFLHPF.

Abstract: A dump block with a self-adjusting bearing includes two side sections, a sheave with a peripheral groove and a central bore, a bearing assembly, and a sheave pin. The sheave pin has a first end with a shoulder, a second end with a threaded portion, and a bearing support section of a predetermined length extending between the first and second ends. The sheave pin is positioned within the bearing assembly and adjusted by urging the sheave pin to translate in the direction of the second end. A fastener is secured to the threaded section at a location between the two side sections.

Abstract: A machine for raising and lowering a load, the machine including a platform, a boom attached at one end to the platform, a rod mounted transverse to the longitudinal axis of the boom on the other end of a boom, the rod having a central bore there through, with at least two strain gauges mounted therein and angled relative to each other, a hoist rope extending over the rod and having an end adapted to be attached to the load, and a mechanism connected to the at least two strain gauges for determining the angle of departure of the hoist rope from the rod and the amount of pull of the load on the hoist rope.

Abstract: A large electric dragline having a housing (35) and boom (37) is provided with spaced apart in-line sheaves (34) and (36) at boom point to separate hoist ropes (31) and (32) which are led to the front and rear of bucket (30) respectively. Differential hoist rope control allows accurate and continuous adjustment of the bucket carry angle during all modes of operation. Also described is a computer control system giving continuous accurate control of carry angle by differential hoist rope operation, with manual selection of mode of operation.

Abstract: An auxiliary hoist sheave assembly comprising a sheave support frame, a mechanism for mounting the sheave support frame to a boom, a lower sheave shaft mounted on the sheave support frame, and a grooved hoist sheave, rotatably supported by and slidable along the lower sheave shaft, the hoist sheave being in contact with a hoist rope, and the hoist sheave fleeting side to side along the lower sheave shaft as the hoist rope follows the hoist drum.

Abstract: A dragline excavating machine includes a gearless direct drive AC drive motor for driving each of the hoist and the drag drums in the system. The gearless AC motor is driven using a digital system which receives AC power from the utility system rectifies the power using active front end circuits, and converts the resultant DC to a frequency controlled AC using an inverter circuit. The resultant AC signal is employed to drive the gearless AC motor, resulting in reduced harmonic distortion, unity or leading power factor, and increased efficiency, reduced operating costs, and reduced mean time between failure.

Abstract: A method of controlling the dump position of a dragline (1) of the type where inclination of the bucket (4) is controlled by differential control of the front hoist rope (7) and the rear hoist rope (8), in order to control dumping too close to the dragline house (2) in a position where the bucket will not release all the load and where slackness in the front hoist rope can cause fouling and serious damage. The complex locus of rear hitch positions (14) that will result in an acceptable dump angle at the bucket when dumped, is empirically transposed to a locus of rear hitch positions (15) at a typical carry angle before dumping, which is in turn approximated by a vertical cylindrical envelope (16). Calculation of when the rear hitch position (13) reaches the envelope (16) may be easily performed by a computer in real time using available parameters such as rear rope inclination and payout values.

Abstract: A dragline excavation bucket control system including a pair of hoist ropes and a drag rope, the hoist ropes being coupled adjacent opposite ends of the bucket. The hoist ropes are supported on spaced sheaves on an excavation boom whereby the hoist ropes extending between the boom and bucket are substantially parallel and the boom support points and bucket attachment points for the hoist ropes are controllable to maintain an optimal carry attitude for a bucket when in use.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dragline rigging system (10) which includes a pair of drag lines (12) connected to drag connection points (24) on a dragline bucket (18) for dragging the bucket through material to be excavated, a pair of hoist lines (14) connected to trunnions (30) on the dragline bucket for hoisting the bucket with excavated material during excavation, and a dump line (16) for lowering the front of the bucket (18) during dumping of excavated material. The dump line (16) is arranged to extend from the drag lines (12) over a pulley (52) linked to the hoist lines (14) and to a dump connection point (48) on the dragline bucket (18), and is in the form of a composite belt (42) which includes an inner material for receiving loads and an outer protective cover for resisting wear.

Abstract: A dragline comprising a main housing including a generally horizontal platform, a boom extending forwardly from the main housing, a bucket suspended from the boom, a winding drum mounted on the platform for rotation about a generally horizontal axis, a fairlead mechanism mounted on the platform forward of the drum, the fairlead mechanism including an upper sheave mounted on a generally C-shaped upper bracket for rotation relative thereto about a generally horizontal upper axis, the upper bracket opening rearwardly and being mounted on the platform for pivotal movement about a generally vertical axis, and a lower sheave mounted on a generally C-shaped lower bracket for rotation relative thereto about a generally horizontal lower axis rearward and below the upper axis, the lower bracket being substantially identical to the upper bracket, opening forwardly and being mounted on the platform for pivotal movement about the generally vertical axis, such that the vertical axis extends between the upper and lower shea

Abstract: A dragline excavation bucket control system comprising a pair of hoist ropes and a drag rope, the hoist ropes being coupled adjacent opposite ends of the bucket. The hoist ropes are supported on spaced sheaves on an excavation boom whereby the hoist ropes extending between the boom and bucket are substantially parallel and the boom support points and bucket attachment points for the hoist ropes are controllable to maintain an optimal carry attitude for a bucket when in use.

Abstract: A dredge having substantially a box-like shape, with an open front face and an open rear face, the rear face having a door hinged thereto and a lock member to hold the door in a locked position. An A-shaped frame member is pivotally secured to the front end of the dredge. Pivotable motion of the A-frame raises the front edge of the dredge over an obstruction. A pulley assembly is secured to the rear top end of the dredge, and a cable from the A-frame is placed over the pulley when the A-frame is to be pivoted to raise the dredge. A door is hinged to the rear side of the dredge. A locking hinge is secured to the rear of the dredge to lock the door in a closed position. The locking hinge includes a pivoting edge, which engages the top edge of the door, and a rectangular bar secured under the locking hinge. The rectangular bar has a width greater than the height so that rotation of the bar produces a pivoting motion of the locking hinge to unlock the door.

Abstract: A method is provided to automatically control a cranes's rider block lifte and taglines. Current position of the crane's rider block is determined in terms of its horizontal and vertical coordinates, as well as in terms of the inhaul angle of the liftline. A matrix is then generated that defines i) incremental change in the rider block's horizontal coordinate with respect to incremental change in each of the boom angle, a length of the liftline and a length of the taglines, ii) incremental change in the vertical coordinate with respect to incremental change in each of the boom angle and lengths of the liftline and taglines, and iii) incremental change in the sine of the inhaul angle with respect to incremental change in each of the boom angle and lengths of the liftline and taglines. A vector defining velocity criteria for the rider block is provided. The velocity criteria is defined in terms of horizontal motion of the rider block, vertical motion of the rider block and rate of change of the inhaul angle.

Abstract: An integral dump block for use in a dragline bucket that comprises a sheave to movably support a dump line, a central pin rotatably supporting the sheave, and a housing to couple the pin to lift lines. Bearings are disposed within the sheave and each side of the housing for receiving the pin for free rotation. Hoist lines for supporting a dragline bucket are connected to each end of the pin. In this way, moment forces in the hoisting assembly can be substantially eliminated. Further, a number of parts can be eliminated to provide a reduction in weight and height of the hoisting linkage assembly.

Abstract: A low draft, high yield, dragline bucket system that has about half the weight of current art. It has a low wide configuration with special highly efficient ground engaging, loading and dumping qualities. The strength, cube accomplishment, simplicity, and unit weight combine to compound efficiencies up to 150% of former buckets. This also compounds the ability of the dragline's scope while reducing its specifications and increasing its capacity. A special precise tilt back and hold and rigging system further increases the bucket capacity and further increases its operating range.

Abstract: A draglined bucket having first and second contoured dumping rails respectively supported on first and second spaced apart opposite sidewalls and a rear wall. Each dumping rail extends from above the sidewall on which it is supported to the rear wall on which it is also supported. Rollers are connected to a hoist rope and support the bucket in a suspended manner. The rollers engage the first and second dumping rails and are movable along the dumping rails from a forward position in which an open end of the bucket faces substantially horizontally, to a rearward position in which the open end of the bucket faces downwardly to dump material in it. The dumping rails adjacent to the rear wall of the bucket are preferably spaced from the rear wall of the bucket. The rollers include first and second rollers which respectively engage the undersides of the first and second dumping rails.

Abstract: Disclosed is a digging implement (such as a dragline bucket) having a trunnion link connected to the implement by a pin secured in place by a retention device. Such device is coupled to the pin along the pin longitudinal axis. The pin has a first portion engaging the implement and having internal threads and the retention device has a stop member and an exteriorly-threaded stem extending therefrom. The stem is threaded to the internal threads of the first portion. Preferably, the stop member is recessed in a protective pocket which helps protect the retention device from damage otherwise caused by material being handled by the implement.

Abstract: A dragline comprising a main housing, a bucket hoist mechanism mounted on the housing, a bucket drag mechanism mounted on the main housing, a walking mechanism for moving the main housing over the ground, the walking mechanism including a motor mounted on the main housing, a planetary transmission which is mounted on the main housing and which is driven by the motor, a transmission output shaft driven by the transmission, a walk leg housing connected to the output shaft via an output pinion, a driven gear, and a driven eccentric such that rotation of the output shaft causes walking movement of the walk leg housing, and a shoe fixed to the walk leg housing for engaging the ground during walking movement of the walk leg housing, a boom extending from the main housing, a bucket, a hoist rope extending between the bucket and the bucket hoist mechanism and over the sheave for causing vertical movement of the bucket, and a drag rope extending between the bucket and the bucket drag mechanism for causing horizontal m

Abstract: A dragline comprising a main housing, and a moving mechanism for moving the main housing over the ground, the moving mechanism including a drive mechanism mounted on the main housing, an output shaft which extends along an axis and which is driven by the drive mechanism, the output shaft having inner and outer ends, the inner end of the output shaft being spline fit to the drive mechanism such that the drive mechanism causes rotation of the transmission output shaft, a pedestal fixed to the main housing, the pedestal including a leg which has therein a bore centered on the axis, an output pinion mounted on the output shaft intermediate the inner and outer ends thereof for common rotation therewith, and a bearing capsule housed in the bore, the bearing capsule rotatably supporting the outer end of the output shaft, the leg of the pedestal including base and cap portions respectively defining lower and upper halves of the bore, the cap portion being removably fixed to the base portion, such that removal of the

Abstract: A dragline comprises a main chassis, a mechanism for moving the main chassis over the ground, a boom mounted on the main chassis, a sheave rotatably mounted on the boom, a dragline bucket, a hoist rope reeved over the sheave and having an end connected to the bucket to raise and lower the bucket, a drag rope connected to the bucket to pull the bucket toward the main chassis and to allow the bucket to move away from the main chassis, and an operator station on the main chassis, the operator station including a control lever apparatus for permitting an operator to control one of the mechanism, the hoist rope and the drag rope.

Abstract: An excavation controlling apparatus which can effect precise driving control off a dipper in accordance with an actual operation condition with a simple structure of a low cost. A dipper handle extension instruction calculation section calculates a dipper handle extension instruction signal from a difference between a moment upper limit value set by a moment limit value setting section and a working moment calculated by a working moment calculation section, and causes a dipper handle driving motor output controlling apparatus to control a sliding driving operation of a dipper handle in accordance with the dipper handle extension instruction signal. A hoisting operation instruction calculation section corrects a hoisting operation reference instruction set by a hoisting operation reference instruction setting section with the moment upper limit value and a hoisting operation instruction correction amount calculated from the working moment.

Abstract: A dragline excavating bucket is constructed to be supported through a minimum number of support chains and control cables, and made to provide for rapid digging and distribution of overburden removed by dumping the bucket rearwardly over a rear wall of the bucket. The bucket is supported on hoist chains that are located forwardly of the center of gravity so the bucket tends to tip rearwardly. The tilted portion of the bucket is controlled through a pair of drag chains that not only provide the pull force for loading the bucket, but also control the dumping of material from the bucket over the rear wall. Sliding trunnions are used on the bucket pivots to enhance dumping operation.

Abstract: A boom support pendant pin retainer for an earth working machine having a retainer plate and a projection for preventing rotational, axial and coaxial movement of the pendant pin. The projection is constructed and arranged to mesh in the void between the pendant pin and an adjacent opening in the gantry structure. The projection prevents rotational movement of the pendant pin and the retainer is secured to each end of the pendant pin and adjacent to the gantry, structure to prevent axial and coaxial movement of the pin.

Abstract: A spreader bar assembly has a middle spreader bar having a nose-shaped link at opposite ends to which is pivoted pivotal end pieces which comprise about half of the structural weight. The pivotal end pieces have a rounded tip portion which is pivotally connected to the nose-shaped link by pin members which are secured by keepers. The pivotal end pieces have upper and lower transverse openings for pins in order to connect the chains of a hoist which also connect an excavator bucket. Greatly increased life before failure results from the three-piece construction.

Abstract: A high production dragline bucket which has a low profile in the back wall as well as fewer components than those commonly in use. The bucket is not only lower in production costs, but has higher operating efficiencies. It is adaptable to both single or double sheave dumping assemblies. A replaceable basket portion for the bucket is also described.

Abstract: A dragline excavation bucket control system including a pair of hoist ropes and a drag rope, the hoist ropes being coupled adjacent opposite ends of the bucket. The hoist ropes are supported on spaced sheaves on an excavation boom whereby the hoist ropes extending between the boom and bucket are substantially parallel and the boom support points and bucket attachment points for the hoist ropes are controllable to maintain an optimal carry attitude for a bucket when in use.