Abstract: Methods and apparatus for extending OpenvSwitch (OVS) megaflow offloads to hardware to address hardware pipeline limitations. Under a method implemented on a compute platform including a Network Interface Controller (NIC) having one or more ports and running software including OVS software and a Linux operating system having a kernel including a TC-flower module and a NIC driver a new megaflow is created with a mask in the OVS software employing a subset of microflow fields for a packet. The microflow fields and the megaflow mask is sent to the NIC driver. A new megaflow is implemented in the NIC driver employing a subset of the microflow fields and the NIC driver creates a new hardware flow on the NIC employing a packet match scheme using all the microflow fields. The NIC also programs a NIC hardware pipeline with the new hardware flow using a match scheme that may depend on the available hardware resources, such as the size of a TCAM.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for determining a more-efficient set of routes on a communications network, given an initial set of routes that satisfies a set of demands. Consistent with disclosed embodiments, the routes can be represented as network paths on a network graph that represents the communications network. In some embodiments, a set of irreducible paths can be generated from the original network paths. The communications network can then be updated to implement routes corresponding to the set of irreducible paths. In some embodiments, a bipartite graph can be generated from the original network paths and the irreducible paths. An updated set of paths can be generated by selecting ones of the original network paths or the irreducible paths. In some embodiments, auxiliary graph can be generated from the original network paths and the irreducible paths. An updated set of paths can be generated using the auxiliary graph.

Abstract: Congestion control by adding a congestion signal tag header to each of one or more transmission packets prior to transmission of the transmission packets by the first node to a second node, the congestion signal tag header specifying one or more congestion signal types and, for each of the congestion signal types, specifying a congestion signal value by providing an initial congestion signal value for the congestion signal value; receiving one or more return packets generated by the second node in response to receipt of the transmission packets, the return packets including a congestion signal reflection header having one or more return congestion signal values, and the return congestion signal values corresponding respectively to the congestion signal types; and determining whether transmission rate control is necessary based on the return congestion signal values.

Abstract: A multi-modal portal system provides an authorization prior to establishing a visual interface connection between a support user or caller and a client user or receiving party. Once the caller is authorized, the caller is permitted to drop-in such that a visual interface connection is established with the receiving party. The authorization can be based on a profile configuration that indicates whether the caller has the credentials required for the visual interface. The authorization can require that a notification be sent to a trusted user or primary contact or the caller can be associated with a profile configuration that allows for a pre-authorization without requiring the notification. Also, security is enhanced by validating network devices and providing resiliency in data paths between network devices and data aggregators.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method executed in a domain name system (DNS) proxy, and to a DNS proxy, apparatus or system for application server (AS) discovery for edge computing in a mobile network. The method comprises receiving a DNS query from a user equipment (UE) with an application fully qualified domain name (FQDN). Based on FQDN, retrieving a location of the UE that sent the DNS query; adding subnet(s) or full IP address(es) of one or more preferred location for accessing to a data network (DN) as one or more Extension mechanisms for DNS (EDNS) client subnet (ECS) options in the DNS query; forwarding the DNS query to a mobile network operator (MNO) DNS; receiving a DNS response and based on the DNS response determining an AS site and AS IP address(es); requesting traffic steering and sending the DNS response to the UE.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. The described techniques provide for selecting a PRACH occasion (RO) based on downlink quality, access congestion, latency (e.g., time to next available RO), beam correspondence, random access in previous transmissions, or combinations of these factors. The user equipment (UE) may detect access congestion of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) and select the less congested SSB in the RO selection. The UE may detect the access congestion by receiving a back-off indicator from the base station, detecting a contention resolution failure, or the number or media access control (MAC) subheaders in a random access response. In some cases, the ROs associated with different SSBs have different latencies and the UE may select the earliest available RO.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, receiving workload requests for tenant devices providing services to user devices; partitioning node resources to facilitate network slicing in a software defined network to provide the services; determining that the workload requests exceed available resources of the node; and outsourcing a portion of a load to one or more neighboring nodes, where the outsourcing is performed in coordination with a regional orchestrator and a SDN intelligence module. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A traffic management method based on a blockchain network includes: collecting traffic-related data through at least one of a vehicle, a user terminal corresponding to the vehicle, and a roadside unit (RSU); storing, by the RSU or the server, the traffic-related data in a blockchain network; and providing, by the server, feedback to the user terminal based on the traffic-related data stored in the blockchain network. The blockchain network is configured to include the RSU and the server.

Abstract: A method and network node for backhaul link failure recovery are disclosed. A network node is configured to attempt to find an alternative backhaul link to replace the failed backhaul link. If the attempt to find an alternative backhaul link fails, then the network node communicates a first indication of an existence of the failure to the first child network node one level below the network node affected by the failure and causes the first child network node to find another network node to serve as a new parent network node. If the first child network node finds another node to serve as the new parent network node then the network node is configured to serve as a second child network node of the first child network node so that the first child network node serves as a parent of the network node.

Abstract: A method of load balancing in a communications network includes transmitting, by a source node, to a destination node, a first plurality of packets of a “flowlet” of a flow of packets. Each of the first flowlet of packets includes a plurality of header fields and a randomizer. The header fields and the randomizer are used by a networking device located between the source node and the destination node to select an output port of the networking device for the packets of the first flowlet. Further methods include selecting, by the source node, based on a criteria, a second randomizer for inclusion in a plurality of packets of a second flowlet of packets, waiting a time delay after transmitting the first flowlet of packets, then, inserting the second randomizer into the sequential second flowlet of packets, and transmitting the second flowlet of packets.

Abstract: A method for securing data over a communication network, the method comprising detecting communication data transferred via a router in the communication network, applying an anomaly detection process on the detected communication data to identify malicious data sent via the router, generating a list of candidate Internet Protocol (IP) addresses having a probability of sending malicious data via the router, sending the list of candidates to the router, receiving additional telemetry about data received from the IP addresses included in the list of candidates, narrowing down the list of candidates to a list of verified attackers, generating one or more attack signatures configured to identify the port scanning traffic from the IP addresses included in the list of candidates, sending the one or more attack signatures to the router.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A wireless communications entity, such as a user equipment (UE), a base station, a network core, or an application server, may identify a round-trip time (RTT) latency requirement that may pertain to a round-trip latency in wireless communications between the UE and the base station. The wireless communications entity may identify a one one-way directional delay budget that satisfies the RTT latency requirement for an application of an application server. The application server may be in communication with the UE via the base station. The wireless communications entity may modify a value of the one-way directional delay budget and transmit a message that is associated with the modified value of the one one-way directional delay budget.

Abstract: A method of controlling a data transmission and a device thereof are provided. According to the method, a data sender acquires QoS control information, and controls a data transmission according to QoS control information. In the case that the data sender is a UE, the network side device sends the QoS control information to the UE, so that the UE may control the data transmission according to the QoS control information and may perform the corresponding control onto the data transmission.

Abstract: A switch includes memory including a flow table. The flow table includes a flow key database and a flow policy database for flows in a network associated with the switch. The switch includes a security processor including an exact match engine. The exact match engine manages the flow table in the memory. The exact match engine includes a learn cache configured to store key entries for storage in the flow key database.

Abstract: A method for managing a network by a network monitoring system, wherein the network comprises a plurality of network devices, the method comprising receiving, by the network monitoring system, in-band network telemetry (INT) data from a network device of the plurality of network devices, updating a latency model of the network using the INT data to obtain an updated latency model, identifying a congestion point in the network using the updated latency model and at least a portion of the INT data, validating the congestion point; and initiating a remediation action based on the validation.

Abstract: A communication method comprises that if a policy control device does not support setup of an Internet Protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) default bearer during setup of an IMS default bearer for a terminal, the control plane gateway sends second indication information to a user plane gateway, where the second indication information indicates the control plane gateway bypasses the policy control device. When the user plane gateway receives an IMS session request from the terminal and determines that the control plane gateway bypasses the policy control device, the user plane gateway sends first indication information to the control plane gateway, and the first indication information indicates the control plane gateway to send, to the policy control device, a first request to request to establish a mapping relationship between the terminal and the control plane gateway such that an IMS session can be set up between terminals.

Abstract: Systems and methods include steps of determining a state of a network based on telemetry data; determining a value of a reward associated with the state; determining an action to take on the network to bring the network to a next state that is expected to have a better than or equal to value of the reward; and causing the action to be implemented in the network. The steps can also include continuing the determining steps and the causing step.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a method of identifying packet latency in a software defined datacenter (SDDC) that includes a network and multiple host computers executing multiple machines. At a first host computer, the method identifies and stores (i) multiple time values associated with several packet processing operations performed on a particular packet sent by a first machine executing on the first host computer, and (ii) a time value associated with packet transmission through the SDDC network from the first host computer to a second host computer that is a destination of the particular packet. The method provides the stored time values to a set of one or more controllers to process to identify multiple latencies experienced by multiple packets processed in the SDDC.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an offload platform is an compute platform, adjunct to a router or other packet switching device, that performs packet processing operations including determining an egress forwarding value corresponding to the next-hop node of the packet switching device to which to send an offload-platform processed packet. The offload platform downloads forwarding information from the router, and augments it, such as, but not limited to, representing interfaces of the router as identifiable virtual interface(s) on the offload platform, and including each of one or more next-hop nodes of the router represented as an identifiable virtual adjacency and identifiable tunnel (e.g., identified by the egress forwarding value). In one embodiment, the egress forwarding value is an Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) label or Segment Routing Identifier. The router identifies packets of certain packet flows to send to the adjunct offload platform, rather than processing per its routing information base.

Abstract: The disclosed systems, methods and computer readable media relate to managing Non-Volatile Memory Express (NVMe) over Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) (NVMeOTCP) connections between a smart network interface card (smartNIC) and a block storage data plane (BSDP) of a cloud computing environment. A software agent (“agent”) executing at the smartNIC may manage a number of network paths (active and, in some cases, passive network paths). The agent may monitor the network traffic (e.g., input/output operations (IOPS)) through the paths (e.g., using established NVMeOTCP connections corresponding to the paths). If a condition is met relating to a performance threshold associated with the monitored paths, the agent may increase or decrease the number established NVMeOTCP connections to match real time network conditions.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for autonomously routing data using relay nodes pre-selected from a group of distributed computer nodes based on measured one-way latencies. One-way latencies between a plurality of nodes in a pulse group are automatically measured. A sending bucket of nodes are automatically selected from the pulse group based on the one-way latencies. A receiving bucket of nodes are automatically selected from the pulse group based on the one-way latencies. In response to a command to transfer data from the first node to the second node, a relay node that is both in the first sending bucket and in the first receiving bucket is automatically selected, wherein data is automatically routed from the first node to the second node via the relay node.

Abstract: In accordance with one embodiment, a source leaf device receives a packet. The source leaf device identifies a flowlet associated with the packet and a destination leaf device to which the packet is to be transmitted. The source leaf device may determine whether the flowlet is a new flowlet. The source leaf device may select an uplink of the source leaf device via which to transmit the flowlet to the destination leaf device according to whether the flowlet is a new flowlet. The source leaf device may then transmit the packet to the destination leaf device via the uplink.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the invention provide novel methods for using probabilistic filters to keep track of data message flows that are processed at an element (e.g., forwarding element or middlebox service element) of a network. In some embodiments, the method iteratively switches between two probabilistic filters as the active and backup filters as a way of maintaining and refreshing its active probabilistic filter without the need for maintaining time values for removing outdated records from its active filter.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes receiving non-Internet Protocol (IP) traffic from one or more non-IP traffic sources. The method also includes terminating the non-IP traffic and re-originating the non-IP traffic as first IP traffic in accordance with one or more software-defined networking in a wide area network (SD-WAN) protocols. The method further includes communicating the first IP traffic to an SD-WAN link in accordance with one or more SD-WAN policies.

Abstract: Proposed are a method by which a first apparatus performs wireless communication, and an apparatus supporting same. The method may comprise the steps of: obtaining a sidelink (SL) discontinuous reception (DRX) configuration including information related to an SL DRX timer; receiving, from a second apparatus through a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH), second sidelink control information (SCI) and first SCI for scheduling a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH); receiving, from the second apparatus through the PSCCH, the second SCI related to groupcast and a medium access control (MAC) packet data unit (PDU); and determining, on the basis of an index of a sub-channel related to the PSSCH and an index of a slot, a physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH) resource.

Abstract: Local Congestion Mitigation re-routes traffic around a congested network segment without regard for end point destinations of the re-routed traffic. By inhibiting consideration of end point destinations, determinations of alternate routes are simplified relative to techniques that compute new end-to-end routes for traffic when a congested segment is encountered. These methods therefore remain relatively efficient as a network grows in size and network routes within the network become increasingly complex.

Abstract: Configuration information is received for a first bearer for a first machine-type communication service type and a second bearer for at least one second machine-type communication service type, wherein the first service type includes a voice over internet protocol service. A base station communicates using said first bearer for said first service type and the second bearer for said at least one second service type.

Abstract: A method for facilitating a flow from a sending end to a receiving end by multi-path transmission is introduced. The method is applied to a network controller of a software-defined network. The software-defined network includes a plurality of switches. The switches execute packet forwarding from the sending end to the receiving end. The method includes: executing, by the network controller, operations, so as for a flow from the sending end to reach the receiving end by multi-path transmission using a plurality of network paths, so as to enable the multi-path transmission to be transparent to the sending end and the receiving end. The network controller is, according to the method, configured to facilitate a transmission mechanism for multi-path stochastic switching or a transmission mechanism for multi-path stochastic switching with network coding, so as to enable multi-path transmission of the packets in one single flow and thus enhance transmission performance.

Abstract: A first network device may determine to transition to a maintenance mode. The first network device may transmit, to a second network device, a bidirectional forwarding detection (BFD) control packet that includes an indication that the first network device is in the maintenance mode.

Abstract: A system includes a plurality of SIP servers that are configured and arranged to provide services for a respective set of endpoints. A monitor server having at least one processor circuit receives connectivity status of the respective set of endpoint devices based on registration status provided by the endpoints to the SIP servers. Based upon the received connectivity status, endpoints having connectivity problems are identified, and potential problem sources for the connectivity problems of the parsed endpoints are identified. A monitor device having at LAN interface circuit connected to the LAN and at least one processor circuit receives the command from the monitor server and performs a diagnostic test on the LAN. Results from the at least one diagnostic test are provided to the monitor server.

Abstract: Systems and methods for modeling and analysis of commerce platform system infrastructure provided by cloud services provider systems to a commerce platform are described. The method may include receiving a cloud services provider spending report generated by a cloud service provider system, wherein the cloud services provider spending report comprises information indicative of costs of cloud services provider resource usage by the commerce platform system over a period of time, and receiving a service report for one or more systems of the commerce platform, wherein the service report comprises information indicative of execution of services of the one or more systems of the commerce platform over the period of time. A directed graph may then be generated that models costs of commerce platform system service usage at the cloud services provider system.

Abstract: This application provides a packet forwarding method and a related apparatus. The method includes: determining whether a flow to which a packet belongs meets a large flow condition; and if the flow to which the packet belongs meets the large flow condition and a flowlet routing table does not include a flowlet entry corresponding to the flow, creating the corresponding flowlet entry in the flowlet routing table, and forwarding the packet based on the created flowlet entry. In the foregoing technical solution, a corresponding flowlet entry may be created only for a large flow, to perform flowlet-based load balancing on the large flow. This can reduce an entry resource used for flowlet-based load balancing, improve balance of multi-path load sharing, and effectively improve a traffic sharing effect of load balancing.

Abstract: A method and system for latency-driven multi-media redirection. Through multi-media redirection, multi-media content from one or more multi-media sources may be re-routed to an endpoint to be decoded and/or rendered thereon. This redirection of multi-media content diverges from the traditional approach of directing the multi-media content from the multi-media source(s) to an information technology environment to be decoded and/or rendered prior to delivery of the decoded/rendered multi-media content to an endpoint. Current criteria for employing multi-media redirection are many, however, fail to consider network latency as a potentially crucial factor in the decision process for enabling or disabling multi-media redirection. Accordingly, the disclosed method and system propose the automated enablement or disablement of multi-media redirection based on network latency analyses.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an offload platform is an compute platform, adjunct to a router or other packet switching device, that performs packet processing operations including determining an egress forwarding value corresponding to the next-hop node of the packet switching device to which to send an offload-platform processed packet. The offload platform downloads forwarding information from the router, and augments it, such as, but not limited to, representing interfaces of the router as identifiable virtual interface(s) on the offload platform, and including each of one or more next-hop nodes of the router represented as an identifiable virtual adjacency and identifiable tunnel (e.g., identified by the egress forwarding value). In one embodiment, the egress forwarding value is an Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) label or Segment Routing Identifier. The router identifies packets of certain packet flows to send to the adjunct offload platform, rather than processing per its routing information base.

Abstract: A device to provide fog-enabled multipath VPN (virtual private network) is disclosed. A first endpoint device is configured to form a fog-enabled communication path in a fog network with at least one neighboring device having at least one first IP (internet protocol) address so as to enable at least one VPN tunnel communication path, via said at least one neighboring device, between the first endpoint device and a second endpoint device with a second IP address and to enable multipath VPN tunneling between the first endpoint device and the second endpoint device. In another embodiment, a multipath VPN AP (access point) is disclosed, where the VPN AP uses at least one fog network to provide multipath VPN, and on the other hand, enables sharing of the multiple VPN by a multitude of endpoint devices that connect to the VPN AP through another fog network.

Abstract: Various issues with existing congestion and overload control mechanisms are recognized and described herein. Described herein, in accordance with various embodiments, are various mechanisms in which core networks, such as 3GPP networks for example, and an M2M service layer can coordinate and share information to efficiently and intelligently manage each other's congestion and overload states.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, and articles of manufacture are disclosed for dynamic load balancing for multi-core computing environments. An example apparatus includes a first and a plurality of second cores of a processor, and circuitry in a die of the processor separate from the first and the second cores, the circuitry to enqueue identifiers in one or more queues in the circuitry associated with respective ones of data packets of a packet flow, allocate one or more of the second cores to dequeue first ones of the identifiers in response to a throughput parameter of the first core not satisfying a throughput threshold to cause the one or more of the second cores to execute one or more operations on first ones of the data packets, and provide the first ones to one or more data consumers to distribute the first data packets.

Abstract: A reception service system transmits a first transmission rule to a predetermined client terminal among a plurality of client terminals in a case where an amount of data transmitted from the predetermined client terminal per unit time exceeds a predetermined value. Each of the plurality of client terminals transmits data about an event that has occurred at that client terminal to the reception service system, and stores the first transmission rule transmitted from the reception service system. The client terminal does not transmit at least some of the data about the event that has occurred at the client terminal so that the amount of data transmitted per unit time does not exceed the predetermined value according to the first transmission rule.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for coordinating operation of two or more wireless networks operating within a common area or venue. In one embodiment, the apparatus and methods provide mechanisms for scheduling access node(s) of one or more of the wireless networks relative to others of the networks so as to minimize interference or contention for common frequency resources (e.g., unlicensed spectrum such as that used by WLAN, NR-U or LTE-U technologies). In one variant, a network coordinator process generates schedule data that is pushed to one or more of the wireless networks that specifies temporal and spatial aspects wherein access nodes of the recipient one or more networks can operate (e.g., transmit) with suitable levels of interference from other wireless network(s) operating within the area or venue. The schedule data is separate from underlying protocol scheduling by the access nodes, thereby preserving all operational aspects of the underlying wireless protocols.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method comprises: receiving, by a parent network device providing at least a portion of a directed acyclic graph (DAG) according to a prescribed routing protocol in a low power and lossy network, a destination advertisement object (DAO) message, the DAO message specifying a target Internet Protocol (IP) address claimed by an advertising network device in the DAG and the DAO message further specifying a secure token associated with the target IP address; and selectively issuing a cryptographic challenge to the DAO message to validate whether the advertising network device generated the secure token.

Abstract: This specification includes machine learning model stacking techniques allowing for greater predictive accuracy using disparate sources of data. In one embodiment, a system obtains TPV data and inputs the TPV data into a forecasting model. Based on the total payment volume data, the forecasting model may output a first prediction of a total payment volume for a future period of time. The system may acquire prediction enhancing data and input the first prediction from the forecasting model and the acquired prediction enhancing data into a machine learning model. Based on the first prediction and the acquired prediction enhancing data, the machine learning model may output a second prediction of the total payment volume for the future period of time. The second prediction may be compared against real-time TPV and determined differences may be used for controlling operations of various machines system/network environment machines.

Abstract: The present invention proposes a new method for solving the problem of fault tolerance. This new approach obtains all secondary routes assigned to each possible connection (user). The secondary routes replace the main routes when these are affected by at least one fault, which keeps the users connected as long as, for each connection, there is at least one route with operative links for reaching the destination nodes thereof. This new approach solves the general case of an arbitrary set of simultaneous link failures. The method also assesses the number of wavelengths for each link of the network, so that the probability of any connection request from a determined user c being blocked is less than a predefined threshold ?c, despite the possible occurrence of the fault scenario.

Abstract: Techniques described herein relate to a method for diagnosing and remediating service failures. The method includes identifying, by a diagnostic and remediation manager, a diagnostic event associated with a service of services; generating a dependency directed acyclic graph (DAG) associated with the service; generating health vectors associated with each node of the dependency DAG; updating the dependency DAG using the health vectors to generate an unhealthy subgraph; and remediating the service based on the unhealthy subgraph.

Abstract: This application discloses a communication system including a master base station and a secondary base station, both connecting with a terminal. In the communication system, the master base station sends a first message to the secondary base station for allocating transmission resources for one or more flows to be transmitted between the secondary base station and a terminal, wherein the first message carries one or both of: identification information of each flow to be transmitted, and information of a data radio bearer (DRB) associated with each flow to be transmitted, then the secondary base station may determine a mapping relationship between a DRB and an admitted flow according to the first message. Moreover, the master base station sends DRB configuration information to the terminal. Therefore, requirements of 5G communication systems for QoS management of information transmission in a dual connectivity scenario can be met.

Abstract: A method for automatic steering of client devices accessing a network to a different access point on the network is provided. A network controller of the network device automatically identities a pre-determined type of electronic client device gaining access to the network and automatically designates the client device as non-steerable when identified as the predetermined type of electronic client device. Thus, when the network controller selects a client device for being steered to a different access point of the network during a steering event, client devices designated as non-steerable by the network controller are prevented from being steered and only client devices that are not designated as non-steerable are available as candidates to be steered. A network device is also provided.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a method may include simulating a degradation of at least one of a first wireless communication link with a network or a different second wireless communication link with the network based on detecting that a first set of one or more packets, which were received via the first wireless communication link with the network and were added to a packet buffer, and a second set of one or more packets, which were received via the different second wireless communication link with the network and were added to the packet buffer, satisfy a threshold occupancy of the packet buffer. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Abstract: Systems and methods for retrieving regional content via remote access point servers are disclosed. In one embodiment, the disclosure relates to a network system for content retrieval from remote network regions. The network system may comprise a first device. The first device may be configured to receive a request for content. The content may be on one or more content servers located in a remote network region. The first device may be further configured to at least one of forwarding the request, via tunneling, to a destination access point server located in proximity to the one or more content servers and receiving the content from the destination access point server, obtaining the content from a cache of the first device.

Abstract: A method for reassigning flows to cores in a multi-core network device includes receiving a packet flow and periodically determining a packet rate of the flow and the processing load on each of the worker cores. Unassigned flows are assigned to the least loaded core. If an assigned flow has a packet rate that exceeds a particular threshold proportion of the processing capacity of the currently assigned worker core, reassigning the flow to the lowest loaded worker core unless the resulting load would exceed the current load on the currently assigned worker core.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein provide for a network-assisted determination by one or more User Equipment (“UEs”) to connect to a licensed network (e.g., a Fifth Generation (“5G”) radio access network (“RAN”)) in situations where both the licensed network and one or more unlicensed networks (e.g., one or more WiFi networks) are in range of the UE. Such connection to a licensed network (e.g., in lieu of an unlicensed network) may provide for better performance and/or access to resources not otherwise accessible via an unlicensed network.

Abstract: Provided is a packet transmission system including: terminal apparatuses; a first transmission path connected to the terminal apparatuses and including a first wireless zone; a second transmission path connected to the terminal apparatuses and including a second wireless zone; a bandwidth monitoring unit configured to monitor bandwidth information of the first wireless zone and bandwidth information of the second wireless zone; and a path switching unit configured to determine respective minimum bandwidth values of the first transmission path and the second transmission path on the basis of the bandwidth information of the first wireless zone and the bandwidth information of the second wireless zone, and to determine through which of packet transmission paths packets are transmitted on the basis of results of the determination of the respective minimum bandwidth values.