Abstract: A terminal device in a wireless telecommunication system which transmits a master information block and a first and a second system information block the first and second system information block comprising first and second scheduling information relating to the timing of at least one additional block of system information. The terminal device configured to receive the master information block of system information that comprises a marker instructing the terminal device to ignore the first scheduling information and process only the second scheduling information.

Abstract: An embodiment is a method of managing bandwidth, performed by a computing system. The system receives user-selected connection parameters associated with a subscriber device. The system associates a network identifier of the subscriber device with a group bandwidth policy, based on the user-selected connection parameters. The system stores, in computer-readable storage media, parameters associated with the group bandwidth policy, in association with the network identifier of the subscriber device. The system receives, at a gateway device, network communication data from the subscriber device. The system limits, at the gateway device, bandwidth available to the network communication data, based on the stored parameters associated with the group bandwidth policy.

Abstract: This application provides a link quality obtaining method and apparatus. One method performed by a session management network element includes: determining a monitoring link for monitoring quality of service (QoS) of a service path between a first communications device and a second communications device; sending a first link quality reporting request to the first communications device, wherein the first link quality reporting request indicates the first communications device to report QoS information of the service path in response to one or more reporting conditions being satisfied; and receiving a first link quality notification message from the first communications device, wherein the first link quality notification message comprises the QoS information and an identifier of the monitoring link.

Abstract: Terminal apparatus identification methods and apparatuses are described. An access stratum (AS) of a first communications apparatus sends first information to an AS of a second communications apparatus. The AS of the second terminal apparatus may identify a leader terminal apparatus based on the first information, so as to implement perception of the leader terminal.

Abstract: Systems and methods of the present disclosure include computer systems for improving data security. To do so, an authorization request associated with a user profile is received, including a time-stamp for a profile activity, a profile identifier, and a value. Application analytics data for a software application on a user device associated with the user profile is accessed, including an open event indicator indicating a time of a loading, and a close event indicator indicating a time of a termination. An open period of the software application at the time-stamp is determined based on the application open event indicator and the application close event indicator. A reduced set of fraud checks is selected and executed when the time-stamp associated with the profile activity is within the open period of the software application. A fraud determination is generated, and an authorization notification is generated based on the fraud determination.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a session management method to provide quality of service (QoS) assurance for a service of a terminal. The method includes: determining, by a first control plane network element in a second network, to manage a session, where the session is used to provide a connection in the first network for a terminal, and the first control plane network element is a network element in the first network; and managing, by the first control plane network element, the session.

Abstract: A system for facilitating sender-side granular congestion control is provided. During operation, the first and second processes of an application can run on sender and receiver nodes, respectively. A first buffer on the sender node can be allocated to the first process. For the first process, the system can then identify a second buffer at a last-hop switch of the receiver node. The system can determine, based on in-flight packets, the utilization of the second buffer. The system can also determine a fraction of available space in the second buffer for packets from the first buffer based on the utilization. Subsequently, the system can determine whether the fraction of the available space can accommodate the next packet from the first buffer. If the fraction of the available space can accommodate the next packet, the system can allow the first process to send the next packet to the second process.

Abstract: A signal reception apparatus and method and a communications system. As the starting position of the time domain resource section used for receiving signals is determined according to the predefined or preconfigured reference time domain resource section, time domain resources on which receiving beams determined by the network device and the terminal equipment are based are uniform, thereby avoiding mismatch of the network device and the terminal equipment in receiving and transmitting beams and ensuring transmission reliability of the system.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling a network slice, and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium are disclosed. The method includes: binding a network slice established in a bearer network on a basis of a quality of service (QoS) requirement to a user network interface or a virtual sub-interface of the bearer network, where a plurality of network slices with different QoS are bound to different user network interfaces or virtual sub-interfaces, and when a first network slice of the bearer network and a network slice group of a non-bearer network are bound to a same user network interface or a same virtual sub-interface, QoS of the first network slice is same as QoS of the network slice group.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer readable media for processing binding requests in a telecommunications network. A method includes receiving, at a binding support function (BSF), a first request to create a first binding between a protocol data unit (PDU) session and a first policy and control function (PCF). The method includes creating, at the BSF, the first binding between the PDU session and the first PCF and storing, with the first binding, a first PCF session acceptance timestamp from a first header of the first request. The method includes receiving, at the BSF, a second request to create a second binding between the PDU session and a second PCF. The method includes determining, at the BSF, whether to accept or reject the second request based on a difference between the first PCF session acceptance timestamp and a second PCF session acceptance timestamp from a second header of the second request.

Abstract: A network adapter includes a host interface, a network interface, a memory and packet processing circuitry. The memory holds a shared buffer and multiple queues allocated to the multiple host processors. The packet processing circuitry is configured to receive from the network interface data packets destined to the host processors, to store payloads of at least some of the data packets in the shared buffer, to distribute headers of at least some of the data packets to the queues, to serve the data packets to the host processors by applying scheduling among the queues, to detect congestion in the data packets destined to a given host processor among the host processors, and, in response to the detected congestion, to mitigate the congestion in the data packets destined to the given host processor, while retaining uninterrupted processing of the data packets destined to the other host processors.

Abstract: Provided are methods and apparatuses of processing data in an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node using new radio (NR) wireless communication technology. The method of an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node processes data, includes: configuring a mobile-termination (MT) function and a distribute unit function of the IAB node; monitoring an uplink buffer state or a downlink buffer state in the IAB node; and transmitting downlink buffer state information or uplink buffer state information to the donor base station or an associated parent IAB node on the basis of a monitoring result of the uplink buffer state or the downlink buffer state.

Abstract: A method for processing a service flow in a packet network and applied to a network device group including a first network device and a second network device coupled to the first network device includes the first network device: obtaining a first upstream service flow; receiving a second upstream service flow from the second network device; obtaining a third upstream service flow based on a first reference sequence number, a sequence number included in each upstream data packet in the first upstream service flow, and a sequence number included in each upstream data packet in the second upstream service flow, where a sequence number included in any upstream data packet in the third upstream service flow is greater than the first reference sequence number; and sending the third upstream service flow to a next hop node.

Abstract: Polarization-preserving microwave RF filters having multiple resonators that are each operable for different Q factors for setting overall bandwidth. A coaxial dual-polarized waveguide filter may include a cable having a hollow circular body with ends formed by copper plates that each includes at least one iris. The irises may control the energy transfer into and out of the cavity and therefore set the Q factor for the body. The shape of the internal diameter of the body and the irises may provide for reception and propagation of differently polarized signals. Multiple segments may be cascaded in series to effect higher order filtering. Also described are methods of transmitting signals using these filters.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for addressing issues caused by interruptions that may occur while operating under the Metro Ethernet Forum (MEF) 35.1 standard. A method, according to one implementation, includes obtaining PM data during a current Measurement Interval of an ongoing PM session in accordance with MEF 35.1. The PM data can be locally stored as a current dataset and reported at the end of the current Measurement Interval for storage in a history database. Following an interruption event that interrupts at least the current Measurement Interval, the method detects a recommencement event that clears the interruption event and allows a PM session to resume. The method further includes determining a number of Measurement Intervals affected by the interruption event based on an end time of a last-reported Measurement Interval and then inserting the number of affected Measurement Intervals into the history database after the last-reported Measurement Interval.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for providing computer implemented services using managed systems are disclosed. To provide the computer implemented services, the managed systems may need to operate in a predetermined manner conducive to, for example, execution of applications that provide the computer implemented services. Similarly, the managed system may need access to certain hardware resources (e.g., and also software resources such as drivers, firmware, etc.) to provide the desired computer implemented services. To improve the likelihood of the computer implemented services being provided, the managed devices may be managed using a subscription based model. The subscription model may utilize a highly accessible service to obtain information regarding desired capabilities (e.g., a subscription) of a managed system, and use the acquired information to automatically configure and manage the features and capabilities of the managed systems.

Abstract: A network device may receive packets and may calculate, during a time interval, an arrival rate and a departure rate, of the packets, at one of multiple virtual output queues. The network device may calculate a current oversubscription factor based on the arrival rate and the departure rate, and may calculate a target oversubscription factor based on an average of previous oversubscription factors associated with the multiple virtual output queues. The network device may determine whether a difference exists between the target oversubscription factor and the current oversubscription factor and may calculate, when the difference exists, a scale factor based on the current oversubscription factor and the target oversubscription factor. The network device may calculate new scheduling weights based on prior scheduling weights and the scale factor, and may process packets received by the multiple virtual output queues based on the new scheduling weights.

Abstract: A method and device for Quality of Service (QOS) flow establishment are disclosed. A relay User Equipment (UE) establishes a PC5 unicast link with a remote UE. The relay UE also receives an identity of a PC5 QoS flow and a first PC5 5G QoS Identifier (PQI) of the PC5 QoS flow from the remote UE for adding the PC5 QoS flow, wherein the first PQI indicates end-to-end QoS requirements of the PC5 QoS flow for traffic transmission between the remote UE and a network. The relay UE further derives a second PQI for the PC5 QoS flow and a 5QI for a QoS flow according to the first PQI. In addition, the relay UE transmits a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) Session Modification Request message to the network for adding the QoS flow, wherein the PDU Session Modification Request message includes an identity of the QoS flow and the 5QI.

Abstract: The technology disclosed relates to inter-node execution of configuration files on reconfigurable processors using network interface controller (NIC) buffers. In particular, the technology disclosed relates to a runtime logic that is configured to execute configuration files that define applications and application data for applications using a first reconfigurable processor connected to a first host, and a second reconfigurable processor connected to a second host. The first reconfigurable processor is configured to push input data for the applications in a first plurality of buffers. The first host is configured to cause a first network interface controller (NIC) to stream the input data to a second plurality of buffers from the first plurality of buffers. The second host is configured to cause a second NIC to stream the input data to the second reconfigurable processor from the second plurality of buffers.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. In some wireless communications systems, a base station may transmit sets of network coding encoded packets user equipments (UEs), and each set of network coding encoded packets may be associated with a redundancy overhead. The base station may dynamically identify the redundancy overhead for transmitting sets of network coding encoded packets to each UE based on a failure rate associated with a previous transmission of network coding encoded packets to that UE. For example, the base station may determine a failure rate associated with a transmission of a first set of network coding encoded packets and may identify a redundancy overhead associated with one or more second sets of network coding encoded packets based on the determined failure rate. In some cases, the base station may identify different redundancy overheads for transmissions of network coding encoded packets to different UEs.

Abstract: A communication method and apparatus are provided for transmitting packets of a data stream between user equipment. After receiving a first packet from a first user equipment, a user plane function (UPF) forwards the first packet to a second user equipment at a first moment, so that the first packet that arrives at the UPF before the first moment is not forwarded to the second user equipment until the first moment, to support deterministic sending and ensure that a time sensitive communication (TSC) packet is sent at a determined moment, so as to provide deterministic delay assurance for applications such as industrial control and telemedicine.

Abstract: An audio data transmission method includes encapsulating, based on a physical layer frame header, a protocol data unit (PDU) including audio data, to obtain an audio data packet, where the physical layer frame header is modulated using a first digital modulation scheme, the PDU is modulated using a second digital modulation scheme, a value of a modulation rate of the first digital modulation scheme is equal to a value of a data transmission rate, and a value of a modulation rate of the second digital modulation scheme is less than the value of the data transmission rate, and sending the audio data packet on a BLUETOOTH low energy (BLE) physical channel at the data transmission rate.

Abstract: This disclosure discloses puncturing information indication methods and communication apparatuses. In an implementation, a method comprises generate a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) comprising a preamble, wherein the preamble comprises preamble puncturing information carried by a content channel and indicates preamble puncturing status of subchannels of a bandwidth of the PPDU, wherein the content channel is distributed on some subchannels of the bandwidth of the PPDU, and a bandwidth of the content channel is less than the bandwidth of the PPDU, and send the PPDU.

Abstract: A network node may receive an indication of a range of network address prefixes and a corresponding range of sequential identifiers. The network node may generate a policy for mapping respective network address prefixes, having ordered positions within the range of network address prefixes, to respective identifiers having corresponding ordered positions within the corresponding range of sequential identifiers. The network node may discover a device associated with a network address having a network address prefix at an ordered position within the range of network address prefixes. The network node may map, based on the policy, the network address prefix to an identifier having an ordered position within the corresponding range of sequential identifiers, wherein the ordered position within the corresponding range of sequential identifiers corresponds to the ordered position within the range of network address prefixes. The network node may advertise the mapping to one or more neighbor nodes.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a device includes a hardware clock to maintain a clock value, a hardware counter to maintain an estimation of a dynamic error bound of the clock value, and a clock controller to intermittently discipline the hardware clock responsively to a remote clock, advance the hardware counter at a rate responsively to a clock drift, and adjust the hardware counter responsively to the hardware clock being disciplined.

Abstract: An initial test is executed to determine an end-to-end latency of a path between a source and a destination. Subsequent tests incrementally target each node of the path for measurement of metric values indicative of delay of the nodes (e.g., latency, jitter, and packet loss). As tests are performed incrementally for each node, the maximum observed latency is tracked and used for calculating timeout thresholds. For the first hop, the timeout threshold is determined relative to the end-to-end latency; for subsequent hops, the timeout threshold is determined relative to the maximum non-timeout latency measured for a previous hop. Each test is performed N times to obtain additional values of delay metrics for each node. Upon completion of the N passes through the path, the resulting delay metric values determined for each test set are aggregated to yield a single, comprehensive result set.

Abstract: Procedures and mechanisms for narrowband multi-channel transmission for wakeup radio (WUR) operation are disclosed. A station (STA) operating in WUR mode may have its a primary connectivity radio (PCR) turned off and its WUR turned and operating according to previously negotiated WUR operating parameters. The STA may monitor, for WUR beacons and frames over a first WUR channel, and determine that the first WUR channel does not support reliable transmission based on no beacons being received within a first duration. The STA may turn off the WUR, and turn on the PCR to send a first short WUR frame including a wakeup reason, and receive a second short WUR frame with a WUR channel assignment. The STA may turn off the PCR, turn on the WUR, and monitor for WUR signals on a second WUR channel according to the WUR channel assignment and the previously negotiated WUR operating parameters.

Abstract: A network device includes processing circuitry and one or more ports. The one or more ports are configured to connect to a communication network. The processing circuitry is configured to receive a packet originating from a network node running an application program, the packet includes application-level metadata relating to the application program, to generate telemetry data based at least on the application-level metadata, and to transmit the telemetry data via one of the ports, over the communication network.

Abstract: A user equipment (UE) is configured to store information related to network slices. The UE receives network slice related information associated with a first public land mobile network (PLMN), stores the network slice related information in a database locally at the UE, identifies a predetermined condition and removes at least a portion of the network slice information associated with the first PLMN based on camping on a second PLMN and the predetermined condition.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of transmitting a packet by an Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) node in a wireless communication system. In particular, the method includes the steps of: receiving, from a first node, an indication indicating that a congestion problem occurs between the first node and a second node; if the packet is to be transmitted to other node via the first node, transmitting the packet to the first node; and if the packet is to be transmitted to the second node via the first node, transmitting the packet to a third node.

Abstract: A network device obtains service requirements associated with a customer identifier, obtains a first profile describing an infrastructure design of multiple transport domains associated with at least one network slice of a network, and obtains a second profile describing performance characteristics of the multiple transport domains of the at least one network slice. The network device receives training data associated with performance measurements of the multiple transport domains of the at least one network slice, and updates a machine learning model based on the training data. The network device selects at least one of the multiple transport domains for orchestration using the updated machine learning model, the service requirements, the first profile, and the second profile.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for reconstructing and simulating neocortical microcircuitry. In one aspect, a method includes providing a model of neural tissue, the model including different types of neural cells and dynamic synaptic interconnections between the neural cells, changing a parameter in the model; and identifying a change in a computational state of the model of the neural tissue responsive to the change in the parameter. The change in the parameter can, e.g., change behavior of neural cells of at least one type, change interconnectivity between neural cells, or target a location within a volume in the model that interacts with multiple types of neural cells.

Abstract: Methods and systems described herein describe a central server that continuously monitors network connectivity of remote computers operated by remote employees. When a customer establishes an electronic communication session with the server (e.g., call or chat session), the server identifies one or more applications to be executed to satisfy the customer's requests. The server then calculates a network traffic value threshold corresponding to a minimum network connectivity attributes needed to execute the identified applications. The server then route the customer's electronic communication session to an agent whose remote computer satisfies the network traffic value threshold.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment may receive information indicating a switch from using a first set of random access channel (RACH) occasions (ROs) for physical RACH (PRACH) communications to using a second set of ROs for the PRACH communications; and transmit a PRACH communication using an RO, of the second set of ROs, based at least in part on receiving the information indicating the switch. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Abstract: A user plane function receives, from a session management function, a request for at least one quality of service (QoS) report for a data flow, the request indicating: a QoS event; and a first QoS value for the QoS event. Monitoring packets for monitoring a second QoS value of the data flow are sent to a base station. A determination is made of an occurrence of the QoS event based on the second QoS value and the first QoS value. An indication of the occurrence is sent to the session management function.

Abstract: Embodiments of this specification provide a transaction processing method, apparatus, and electronic device for a blockchain. The method includes: executing, by a blockchain node in the blockchain, a consensus protocol for an N-th round of consensus, wherein the consensus protocol comprises reaching a consensus on a blockchain transaction of the N-th round of consensus and upon the consensus being reached, executing the blockchain transaction of the N-th round of consensus; writing, by the blockchain node after the execution of the blockchain transaction, a block comprising the blockchain transaction of the N-th round of consensus into the blockchain; and concurrently with the writing of the block, executing, by the blockchain node, the consensus protocol for an (N+1)-th round of consensus in the blockchain.

Abstract: The described technology provides a system and method for identifying cells in a wireless communication network for corrective action to improve coverage and capacity of the network. A coverage analysis tool receives network traffic information, extracts call or data traffic information for a particular radio access technology (RAT), and determines based on radio frequency (RF) information and distances between serving cells and call data, and serving cells and adjacent neighbor cells, whether the serving cells are over-shooter or under-shooter cells. The coverage analysis tool recommends remedial action to improve the network's coverage and capacity including adjusting antenna tilt and/or adjusting transmit power.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of operating a transmitting radio node in a wireless communication network. The method includes transmitting first control signaling in a control region, the first control signaling having at least a first signaling characteristic from a set of signaling characteristics in which the signaling characteristics of the set of signaling characteristics are associated to the control region. The disclosure also pertains to related devices and methods.

Abstract: A software and/or hardware facility for scoring the quality of traffic to a site accessible via the Internet or other network. The facility extracts data from one or more data logs that are obtained from a publisher, advertiser, or third party. A multi-factor analysis in the form of a rule set is applied by the facility to the data. The analysis of the data identifies agent actions that are desirable to a publisher, advertiser, or third party. The facility generates a relative score for each agent action. The score may be used to assess the quality of traffic received by a network site. Lower scores are indicative of traffic having little value, whereas higher scores are indicative of traffic having greater value. The score may be provided to an advertising network and used to charge a variable amount for advertisements based on the quality of traffic that the advertisements receive.

Abstract: The disclosure includes embodiments for message management by an ego vehicle for a Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) channel used in V2X messages for providing a cooperative driving service. In some embodiments, the method includes receiving a first V2X message including remote sensor data recorded by a remote vehicle. The method includes causing an onboard sensor set of the ego vehicle to record ego sensor data. The method includes determining a channel busy ratio of the V2X channel. The method includes determining a set of factors affecting a state of a recipient vehicle that receives a second V2X message. The method includes selecting a cooperation message species class and an aggregation message species class of the second V2X message based on the set of factors and the state of the recipient vehicle. The method includes selecting, from a set of available classes, a specific class of the second V2X message.

Abstract: Periodic requests for to Packet Flow Description, PFD, data updates on all Application Ids generate a constant background load in several network function nodes, even if applications have not been updated. There is provided a mechanism to optimize PFD management updates in a telecommunication network, whereby PFD data for a selected number of applications are stored and updated permanently, whilst PFD data for other applications are only temporarily stored so that storage and updates are released when these other applications are not in use. A list of permanent Application Ids is configured for the most frequently used applications. When a control rule specifies an Application Id not included in the list of permanent Application Ids, the specified Application Id is included in a list of temporary Application Ids, which are periodically checked and, when not used, are removed from the list of temporary Application Ids.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) may receive, via a first carrier associated with a first radio access technology, at least a first uplink grant from a base station. The UE may implement one or more backoff schemes. For example, the UE may transmit, using resources indicated by at least the first uplink grant, an uplink message based on a temperature of one or more components of the UE satisfying a threshold, the uplink message including a transport block (TB) indicating data, a buffer status report (BSR) associated with the data, one or more padding bytes different from the data, or any combination thereof. The UE may monitor for at least a second uplink grant from the base station during a first time period based on transmitting the uplink message.

Abstract: A method, non-transitory computer readable medium, and device for analyzing network traffic and enforcing network policies includes analyzing network traffic data based on one or more network traffic rules. An attack on the network such as a current or predicted attack is determined based on the analysis. Next, one or more policy changes to a plurality of existing network policies are identified when the current or predicted attack on the network is determined to be present. The identified one or more policy changes are enforced on one or more client computing devices causing the determined current or the predicted attack on the network.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, are provided for remote monitoring. In some example implementations, there is provided a method. The method may include receiving, at a remote monitor, a notification message representative of an event detected, by a server, from analyte sensor data obtained from a receiver monitoring an analyte state of a host; presenting, at the remote monitor, the notification message to activate the remote monitor, wherein the remote monitor is configured by the server to receive the notification message to augment the receiver monitoring of the analyte state of the host; accessing, by the remote monitor, the server, in response to the presenting of the notification message; and receiving, in response to the accessing, information including at least the analyte sensor data. Related systems, methods, and articles of manufacture are also disclosed.

Abstract: Techniques are described for wireless communication. An orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) configuration of an uplink channel is identified for communications in an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum band. An OFDMA waveform is generated based on the identified OFDMA configuration. The OFDMA waveform is communicated in a signal in the unlicensed radio frequency spectrum band. A virtual cell identifier of a first base station may be associated with transmissions between the first base station and a first user equipment (UE). A set of common resource blocks may be identified for transmission of a demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) between the first base station and the first UE. A configuration of an uplink channel may be dynamically selected for uplink communications in an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum band. A waveform may be generated based on the selected configuration. The waveform may be communicated in a signal in the unlicensed radio frequency spectrum band.

Abstract: Systems and methods of disconnecting a network service provided over a network service path include using a computing device that obtains a service identifier assigned to network service and identifies a port of a network device included in a network service path associated with the service. The computing device transmits a request to the network device for port configuration data of the network device and based on the received port configuration data, determines whether the port is assigned to the network service. If so, the computing devices executes a remediation operation which includes transmitting a reconfiguration command to the network device that is adapted to cause the network device to update the port configuration data to free the port.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system, and more particularly, to a method including multiplexing UCI symbols and PTRS symbols to generate a block of modulation symbols; spreading the block of modulation symbols based on an orthogonal sequence with a spreading factor M to provide a length-L spread modulation symbol sequence, wherein the block of modulation symbols includes L/M modulation symbols, and L is a number 12 of subcarriers in a resource block; discrete fourier transforming the length-L spread modulation symbol sequence to provide a length-L complex-valued symbol sequence; transmitting the length-L complex-valued symbol sequence through an OFDM-based symbol for a PUCCH, and an apparatus therefor.

Abstract: This application provides a flow control method and apparatus, and relates to the field of communications technologies. A relay device indicates flow control to an upper-level node to avoid spectrum resources waste because of excessively small amount of data transmission or an excessively large amount of data transmission from an upper-level node. The method includes: A first node determines to indicate a second node to perform flow control; and the first node sends a first flow control indication to the second node. The first flow control indication is carried in adaptation layer control signaling, an RLC control message, or a MAC CE. The first flow control indication includes identifiers of one or more bearers and flow control information. The second node is a relay node or a donor base station.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the invention provide a a method of processing packets associated with a logical switching element implemented by multiple physical switching elements executing on multiple host computers on which multiple machines execute. At a first physical switching element of a first host computer, the method receives a packet from a first machine associated with the logical switching element. For the packet, the method identifies a logical ingress port of the logical switch that is associated with the packet. For the packet, the method also uses the logical ingress port to identify a logical egress port of the logical switch that is associated with the packet. For the packet, the method also uses the logical egress port to identify a physical egress port of the first host computer to use to send the packet along to a second machine associated with the logical egress port.

Abstract: A method embodiment for network authentication includes selecting, by a user equipment (UE), an access network for establishing a network connection and receiving one or more network authentication status indications for a network associated with the access network. The method further includes implementing a network authentication and selection policy in accordance with the one or more network authentication status indications.