Abstract: A test controller provisions a load generation unit and instructs the load generation unit to generate a load and apply the load to a first application server instance in a cloud computing environment. The test controller measures a performance level of the first application server instance to determine if the first application server instance reaches a saturation point. If the first application server instance reaches the saturation point, the test controller records a performance statistic of the first application server instance.

Abstract: The technology in this application identifies a relay cell serviced by a relay radio node in a radio access network (RAN) of a cellular communications system in which there is a radio connection between the relay radio node and a donor radio base station. The donor radio base station is identified by a RAN donor radio base station cell identifier. A RAN relay cell identifier is determined that uniquely identifies the relay cell within the RAN, the RAN relay cell identifier including a relay cell identifier and a donor base station identifier. The RAN relay cell identifier is then provided or used as needed so that the relay radio node can transmit the RAN relay cell identifier to uniquely identify the relay cell to one or more radio terminals in the RAN.

Abstract: An example method is provided and includes communicating a request packet to a first network element. The request packet is associated with a request for a list of flow parameters. The method also includes receiving a response to the request for the list of flow parameters, and communicating a test packet to initiate fault monitoring. The test packet is communicated to a second network element and the test packet includes at least one of the flow parameters provided by the first network element. The method also includes receiving a plurality of fault monitoring results. The results are limited to reflect multiple paths associated with the first network element.

Abstract: Extensions to a Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) frame forwarding procedure in an MPLS node are described. A context descriptor is defined for each frame received on a connection terminated at that node, and where this context descriptor is provided together with the frame to a corresponding function (e.g. Operations, Administration and Maintenance, OAM) if needed. The context descriptor is constructed based on key attributes characterizing the terminated connection, over which the frame is received, and addresses a particular function endpoint (Maintenance Endpoints (MEPs), Selector Bridge of a protection instance etc.) of a corresponding function (OAM, protection, etc.). In one embodiment, a Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) node is directed to check not only the first but also the second label, and not to drop the first label (and the label space if relevant) when the second label is the Generic Association Channel Label (GAL). In this way, the original context of the packet is kept (i.e.

Abstract: A mirror maintenance endpoint (MEP) is hosted on a provider edge switch within an Ethernet network to perform service level mirroring to a network management device of the Ethernet network. The mirror MEP is configured by the network management device to receive all mirrored frames from provider edge switches in a service provider network and to switch the mirrored frames to the network management device. The mirrored frames are mirrored by the provider edge switches to the mirror MEP during mirror sessions initiated by the network management device.

Abstract: A network node, which is designed for switching of time-division multiplex signals; contains a number of line cards (LCI-LCn), a switch fabric (SF) interconnecting the line cards (LCI-LCn), and a control system (CS). The switching fabric (SF) is a cell based switch with one or more switch modules (SET-SEn) adapted to switch cells of a predefined cell format on the basis of addresses contained in cell headers of the cells. The line cards (LCI-LCn) have segmentation and reassembly devices (SARI-SARn) for segmenting input time-division multiplex signals into cells of the preformed cell format and adding address information to each cell and for reassembling cells received from said switch fabric (SF) into output time-division multiplex signals. The control system (CS) is connected to a switched port of the switch fabric (SF) and exchanges with the line cards (LCI-LCn) control and/or Operation, Administration and Maintennance (OAM) messages over the switch fabric (SF) using cells of the preformed cell format.

Abstract: A method of establishing a service operations administration and maintenance (OAM) session between an originator and a reflector in a communication network includes continuously monitoring, by the reflector, any test packets transmitted by the originator. The originator transmits to the reflector, at a time indicated by a first timestamp, a test packet. The reflector receives the test packet at a time indicated by a second timestamp and generates a unique flow identifier that identifies the reflector. The reflector transmits the test packet to the originator. The reflector assigns a sequence number to the test packet. The originator receives the test packet at a time indicated by a fourth timestamp. The reflector stores the unique flow identifier at least for the duration of the OAM session.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and devices for monitoring a data path extending from an originating node to a terminating node in a network. In a first aspect of the present invention, the method comprises the step of submitting, to the originating node, a request to monitor at least one network status parameter associated with a particular data flow transported on the data path. Further, the method comprises the step of submitting, to all nodes in the data path, a data flow identifier indicating the particular data flow being one out of a plurality of data flows that can be transported on the data path. Moreover, the method comprises the step of receiving, from at least one of the nodes in the data path, a response message comprising the requested at least one network status parameter.

Abstract: A method and system for combined control and management of radio resources of a cellular radio network and a WiFi network are disclosed. According to one aspect, a method includes performing, by a combined radio resource control unit, radio resource control functions controlling utilization of radio resources of the cellular radio network and the WiFi network. The method includes establishing communication between the combined radio resource control unit and 1) at least one cellular radio base station 2) at least one WiFi access point and 3) a backhaul communication network.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus provide for a network device(s) employing tree tracer processing of a data packet(s) and/or a response(s) in order to discover and graphically represent all the paths within a hierarchical tree of network devices for multicast traffic flows. Specifically, a first network device receives a data packet. The data packet provides a multicast target MAC address. The first network device forwards the data packet to a plurality of network devices, where each of the plurality of the network devices belong to a multicast group identified according to the multicast target MAC address. Based on receipt of the data packet, the first network device generates and transmits a first response to a source of the data packet. The first response indicates a placement of the first network device with respect to a hierarchical tree of the plurality of network devices belonging to the multicast group.

Abstract: The present disclosure may include a method of handling test packets in an apparatus with a first unit communicatively coupled with a second unit. The method may comprise designating a test packet with type information, the type information indicating whether the test packet is handled by the first unit, the second unit, or either unit. The method additionally may include setting one or more bits of a register of the first unit to select whether the first unit will handle all of the test packets with type information designating either unit. The disclosure further includes associated systems and apparatuses.

Abstract: Provided is a test apparatus that tests a device under test, comprising: a plurality of channels that output and receive signals to and from the device under test; a generating section that generates a packet data sequence transmitted to and from the device under test; and a channel selecting section that selects which of the channels is used to transmit the packet data sequence generated by the generating section.

Abstract: In a transmission system capable of measuring packet loss ratio between arbitrary devices upon a transmission path without increasing bandwidth of an OAM frame band, a plurality of transmission devices which have been disposed upon a transmission path are provided with a frame analysis unit which receives data frames so as to analyze the type of the data frames, a count processing unit which stores the number of received frames included in the data frames into storage module provided beforehand, an output line end portion which outputs the data frames, and an OAM processing unit which calculates the packet loss ratio in the transmission path using the number of received frames. The frame analysis unit has a function which, if the data frames are OAM frames, copies the data frames and the OAM processing unit has a function which calculates the packet loss ratio using the copied OAM frames.

Abstract: A method and a system for measuring Layer 2 (L2) load conditions in a wireless network environment are provided. The method of an evolved Node B (eNB) for measuring L2 load conditions in a wireless network environment includes determining total number of Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs) allocated to the eNB in uplink and downlink and determining number of PRBs which are unavailable in uplink and downlink. The method further includes computing number of PRBs available for use during a time period by subtracting the number of unavailable PRBs from the number of allocated PRBs. Moreover, the method includes reporting the number of PRBs available for use during a time period to an Operation And Maintenance (OAM) entity in the wireless network environment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and arrangements in an MPLS-TP network. comprising a plurality of interconnected routers configured for MPLS-TP, wherein at least a first router is defined as an originating Maintenance End Point, MEP, a second router is defined as a targeting MEP and the third router is defined as a Maintenance Intermediate Point, MIP. The basic idea of the present invention is to associate a table with each MIP and MEP, wherein the tables comprises information related to the MEPs of the MPLS-TP network and the information from the tables is inserted in the reply packets and forwarded packets. By using this information, the OAM packets can find the subsequent MIP or MEP and failure localization may be performed.

Abstract: A packet loss rate detection method, apparatus, and system relating to a Packet Switching Network (PSN) are provided, and the method includes: transmitting, by a transmitting end, data packets and Operation, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) packets, and writing a counting value of the data packets into the subsequent OAM packets after a time delay, and receiving, by a receiving end, the data packets and the OAM packets, counting a number of the received data packets, and calculating a packet loss rate based on the number of the practically received data packets and the counting value carried in the OAM packets.

Abstract: An Ethernet MAC OAMP Control sublayer is provided for supporting SDH/SONET OAMP standard functionality in Ethernet Networks. In accordance with one embodiment, an Ethernet MAC OAMP Control sublayer is provided for processing Ethernet MAC OAMP Control frames. The MAC OAMP Control sublayer provides support for a MAC OAMP Client to implement all of the SDH/SONET OAMP standard functionality. The MAC OAMP Control frame provides support for SDH/SONET OAMP on Ethernet networks. The Network Equipment can use the MAC OAMP Control frames to communicate with the downstream and upstream Network Equipment about various OAMP events, requests, performance parameters, communications channels, maintenance, and test functionality.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for a network element or server end station to determine an estimated physical location of a fault in a communications link utilized by two network elements. In an embodiment, the first and second network elements generate link failure indications including time values representing when the respective network element detected the fault. In other embodiments, the link failure indications include time values transmitted over the communications link between the first and second network elements. A time distance between these time values is calculated, which is used to calculate the estimated physical location of the fault. In some embodiments, the link failure indications include sequence numbers transmitted or about to be transmitted over the communications link between the network elements. Sequence distances are calculated between the sequence numbers, and are used to calculate the estimated physical location of the fault.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a mobility management device MME selects a Logged MDT implementation terminal that should implement a measurement process by Logged MDT, from among a plurality of radio terminals UE in a mobile communication system 1 compatible with the Logged MDT defined in the 3GPP standards. The mobility management device MME stores camping history information in which information indicating a TA on which a radio terminal has camped is associated with information indicating a time period during which the radio terminal has camped on the TA, for each of the plurality of radio terminals UE. Then, the mobility management device MME selects, as the Logged MDT implementation terminal, a radio terminal having a relatively long camping time period corresponding to a measurement target area on which the measurement process is to be performed, from among the plurality of radio terminals UE.

Abstract: The present invention relates to receiving access signals from a plurality of terminals over a radio channel and in particular to determining a detection threshold level on the radio channel. A detection threshold level should balance the risk of missed detections to the risk of false detections. A problem in finding an equilibrium threshold is the radio environment, with noise and interference, change and then also the radio false detections or missed detections change. According to the present invention some access signals can be identified as being not assigned and therefore not being in use, and any detection of a non-used signal is identified as a false detection. By monitoring the ratio of false detections vs. correct detections the threshold level for detection is tuned into an equilibrium level, and that is adapted to the changing radio environments.

Abstract: A network relay device constituting a network includes a frame determination unit for referencing a protocol identifier contained in a frame from an external network relay device constituting another standard network different from the network, to determine whether or not the frame contains a confirmation frame for network operation, administration or maintenance, and a processing unit for performing operation, administration, or maintenance on the frame, when the frame determination unit determines that the frame is the confirmation frame.

Abstract: A method of establishing a service operations administration and maintenance (OAM) session between an originator and a reflector in a communication network includes continuously monitoring, by the reflector, any test packets transmitted by the originator. The originator transmits to the reflector, at a time indicated by a first timestamp, a test packet. The reflector receives the test packet at a time indicated by a second timestamp and generates a unique flow identifier that identifies the reflector. The reflector transmits the test packet to the originator. The reflector assigns a sequence number to the test packet. The originator receives the test packet at a time indicated by a fourth timestamp. The reflector stores the unique flow identifier at least for the duration of the OAM session.

Abstract: A method, that comprises selecting for simulation a first cell comprising a access station. The method also includes determining a first cell pattern comprising a first plurality of cells surrounding the first cell. The method additionally includes simulating, for each cell of the first plurality of cells, at least one wireless parameter associated with at least one wireless signal. The method further includes determining a second cell pattern comprising a second plurality of cells surrounding the first cell pattern. Each cell of the second plurality of cells comprises a copy of a simulation result of a corresponding cell of the first plurality of cells. The method also includes simulating, for the first cell, at least one wireless parameter associated with at least one wireless connection. The simulation is based on the simulation results of the first plurality of cells and the copied simulation results of the second plurality of cells.

Abstract: A system and method for propagating fault information in an Ethernet OAM network having multiple levels of OAM domains. An Alarm Indication and Suppression (AIS) frame is generated by a Maintenance Intermediate Point (MIP) node upon detecting a fault condition in a first OAM domain, which is transmitted to one or more Maintenance End Points (MEPs) of the first OAM domain. Upon receiving the AIS frames, the MEP nodes are operable generate another AIS frame for propagating to an adjacent higher level second OAM domain. Responsive to the AIS frame from the lower level first OAM domain, any alarms caused in the second OAM domain due to the fault condition in the first OAM domain are suppressed.

Abstract: When a communications carrier uses another company's network as a relay network, it is necessary to monitor the health of and to perform maintenance for the lines from end to end in the other company's network as well as the network managed by this carrier. Terminal devices capable of terminating a CCM frame or other OAM signal are installed in users bases, and the health is monitored from end to end between the bases. Furthermore, a control device that controls the terminal devices is installed in the VLAN network used by the user, and remote control of the terminal devices is implemented from the controller. Table information held by the controller is managed collectively under the leadership of an operator, and information about the subordinate terminal devices connected to the controller is reported to the operator on the basis of results of the MAC learning by the controller.

Abstract: MPLS segment routing is disclosed. In one embodiment, a first core router generates a first data structure that maps first portcodes to respective identities of first neighbor routers or respective first links, wherein the first portcodes identify respective first ports of the first core router, and wherein the first ports are coupled to the first neighbor routers, respectively, via the first links, respectively. The first core router generates and transmits a first link-state packet, wherein the first link-state packet comprises an identity of the first core router and the first data structure.

Abstract: A method for establishing a monitoring connection associated to a traffic connection established in a network e.g. of MPLS type, the method comprising the steps of: sending a connection establishment message from a first node (B) to a second node (D) of the communication network to establish a monitoring connection (6) between the first and second nodes, wherein the first and second nodes are disposed in a path of the traffic connection and the connection establishment message is sent along the traffic connection path, sending a make-before-break request from the first node (B) to an ingress node (A) of the traffic connection to cause the ingress node to re-establish the traffic connection along the traffic connection path using a make-before-break signaling procedure, at the first node, processing a re-establishment signaling message sent by the ingress node so as to encapsulate the re-established traffic connection (5) into the monitoring connection (6).

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer readable media for transmitting an OAM packet from a source network device to a destination network device are disclosed. They include generating an OAM protocol data unit (PDU) at the source network device, injecting the OAM PDU in an ingress packet processing pipeline, determining an egress interface of the source network device through which to transmit the OAM PDU to the destination network device, encapsulating the OAM PDU in one or more protocol headers in an egress packet processing pipeline, and transmitting the encapsulated OAM PDU from the egress interface as the OAM packet. The injected OAM PDU is associated with an indication to bypass at least a portion of ingress packet processing.

Abstract: The disclosure teaches a method of implementing a system that dynamically learns and applies local configuration for Ethernet OAM. The disclosed system eliminates complexity inherent with standards based Ethernet OAM, therefore reducing errors and enhancing the overall usability of the Ethernet OAM infrastructure.

Abstract: Maintenance entities may be defined between customer and provider flow points to allow performance management to take place on an Ethernet network. The maintenance entities may be defined for access link, intra-domain, and inter-domain, and may be defined on a link or service basis. The maintenance entities may be used to monitor performance within a network or across networks, and may be used to monitor various performance parameters, such as frame loss, frame delay, frame delay variation, availability, errored frame seconds, service status, frame throughput, the number of frames transmitted, received or dropped, the status of a loopback interface, the amount of time a service has been unavailable, and many other parameters. Several management mechanisms may be used, and the measurements may be collected using a solicited collection method, in which a response is required and collected, or an unsolicited collection method in which a response is not required.

Abstract: A method for establishing a traffic connection (5) and an associated monitoring connection (6) in a network (1) e.g. of MPLS type, comprises: sending a first connection establishment message from an ingress node (A) of the traffic connection along a path, wherein the connection establishment message comprises a monitoring connection request designating a first and a second node of the connection path, intercepting the first connection establishment message at the designated first node (B), sending a second connection establishment message from the designated first node for establishing the monitoring connection between the designated first and second nodes (B, D), resuming and completing the establishment of the traffic connection, wherein the traffic connection is encapsulated into the monitoring connection between the designated first and a second nodes of the connection path.

Abstract: A system for identifying a subscriber includes an access server coupled to a number of subscribers using a first communication network and further coupled to a second communication network, a memory coupled to the access server, and a processor coupled to the memory. The access server receives a communication from a particular subscriber using a particular one of a number of virtual circuits associated with the first communication network. The memory stores path information that identifies a virtual circuit assigned to the particular subscriber. The processor identifies the particular subscriber for connection to the second communication network based upon the path information and the particular virtual circuit used to receive the communication from the particular subscriber.

Abstract: A network element in an Ethernet OAM network is operable to detect congestion associated with an OAM domain and generate a congestion notification to MEPs in the OAM domain using a modified Ethernet OAM protocol. When a network element detects congestion in one or more queues associated with an MEP in an OAM domain, it triggers a congestion state. The MEP transmits a congestion notification to other MEPs in the OAM domain. The notifying MEP, as well as other MEPs receiving the congestion notification, initiate a network management protocol message to a network management system for the OAM domain. The MEPs in the OAM domain may also propagate the congestion notification to MEPs in higher maintenance level OAM domains.

Abstract: A method for detecting OAM includes: sending a detection maintenance entity OAM command to a network element equipment board after a user activating an established maintenance entity; receiving a reply message sent by the network element equipment board and acquiring replying board information and monitoring ID information matched with the maintenance entity; and starting a timer, and detecting whether preconfigured heartbeat detection time is reached, if not reached, detecting whether a OAM detection result which is reported by the network element equipment board and is matched with a monitoring ID is received, if received, transferring the OAM detection result to a network management interface to be displayed; and if reached, sending the heartbeat detection message, and detecting whether the OAM detection result which is reported by the network element equipment board and is matched with the monitoring ID is received after receiving a heartbeat reply message.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for performing measurement of reference signals in the proper subframes of a first radio access technology (RAT) while operating in a second RAT. For certain aspects, the first and second RATs may be Time Division Duplex Long Term Evolution (TDD-LTE) and Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA), respectively. By knowing the correct TDD-LTE downlink and uplink subframe configurations, a user equipment device (UE) may temporarily leave the TD-SCDMA network during an idle interval and perform expedited and accurate measurement of TDD-LTE reference signals without errors from trying to measure reference signals during uplink subframes.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a label-based measurement method, apparatus, and system. The method includes: allocating at least two labels to the same FEC; obtaining a label insertion mode for the at least two labels; receiving data packet, where one of the at least two labels is inserted in the data packet; and performing, according to the label insertion mode and the data packet, performance measurement on a network that the FEC passes through. By using the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention, a problem of network bandwidth occupation caused by inserting a test packet and an OAM packet during performance measurement and a problem of measurement result inaccuracy caused by OAM packet loss may be solved.

Abstract: A method of establishing a service operations administration and maintenance (OAM) session between an originator and a reflector in a communication network includes continuously monitoring, by the reflector, any test packets transmitted by the originator. The originator transmits to the reflector, at a time indicated by a first timestamp, a test packet. The reflector receives the test packet at a time indicated by a second timestamp and generates a unique flow identifier that identifies the reflector. The reflector transmits the test packet to the originator. The reflector assigns a sequence number to the test packet. The originator receives the test packet at a time indicated by a fourth timestamp. The reflector stores the unique flow identifier at least for the duration of the OAM session.

Abstract: A method for measuring and reporting performance parameters in a network having at least one originator for generating test protocol data units, and multiple reflectors for relaying the test protocol data units along successive segments of a test path in the network. The method generates the test protocol data units at the originator and transmits the test protocol data unit along a test path that includes multiple reflectors. Each reflector relays the test protocol data unit to the next reflector along the test path. Measurements of performance parameters are collected from the multiple reflectors in the test protocol data unit by inserting timestamps into the test protocol data unit at the originator and each of the reflectors to identify the departure and arrival times for each test protocol data unit at the originator and each of the reflectors in both the downstream and upstream directions along the test path.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a signaling tracing method, apparatus and system. In embodiments of the present invention, the signaling tracing configuration information sent by an OAM device carries a user equipment identifier, and therefore, even in a scenario that an access network and a core network are managed by different OAM devices, the OAM device of the access network can also initiate signaling-based signaling tracing configuration, so that a base station can initiate signaling tracing for the user equipment.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a system for detecting a path between two nodes. During operation, the system transmits a network-testing request frame, which includes a time-to-live (TTL) field within a Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL) header, from a source node to a destination node. In response to receiving a network-testing response frame sent from an intermediate node, the system increments the TTL value by 1 and re-transmits the network-testing frame to the destination node. In response to receiving a network-testing response frame sent from the destination node, the system determines a path between the source node and the destination node. The network-testing request or response frames is not processed on an Internet Protocol (IP) layer.

Abstract: In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, a method may include designating one of at least one maintenance point associated with a physical port of a line card as a primary maintenance point, the primary maintenance point comprising either a UP-Maintenance Entity Group End Point (UP-MEP) or one Maintenance Entity Group Intermediate Point (MIP). The method may also include configuring the line card such that the line card stores source addresses of Service Operation, Administration, and Management (SOAM) frames communicated by the primary maintenance point. The method may further include configuring the line card such that the line card does not store source addresses of Service Operation, Administration, and Management frames communicated by maintenance points associated with the physical port other than the primary maintenance point.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to test-capable pluggable transceivers and network systems and methods using such transceivers. A central test server generates a test request and communicates to a mediation sub-system, which uses a common management protocol to communicate with a plurality of transceivers in the network. The mediation sub-system translates the test request into sub-tests and generates sequences of test-control commands for executing by specific transceivers to configure test logic deployed within the transceivers for testing designated network services, to generate test frames, and/or to process received frames to collect test results.

Abstract: A mesh network architecture is disclosed whose protected services can be restored quickly after the failure of a network element (i.e., a network node, a network transmission facility). Furthermore, the protected services can be restored after all single and most multiple network-element failures as quickly as a ring network can recover from a single network-element failure. And still furthermore, the illustrative embodiment is also advantageous in that it can be administered and maintained, for most purposes, as a collection of distinct ring networks. Embodiments of the present invention can use any protocol or transmission technology (e.g., wavelength division multiplexing, SONET/SDH, ATM, etc.). Furthermore, embodiments of the present invention distinguish between the transport function, the provisioning function, and the fault notification functions of a network and provide that each of the functions can be accomplished by different networks using different protocols.

Abstract: A network includes a number of nodes interconnected by communication links. The nodes include pairs of nodes configured as maintenance end points. Each maintenance end point of each pair is configured to transmit continuity check messages to the other maintenance end point of the pair. Each maintenance end point is arranged to transmit a continuity check message according to a schedule such that an impact of transmission of the continuity check message on the network resources is reduced.

Abstract: A method for notifying a packet destination that includes receiving a packet by a network interface card (NIC), where the packet destination is a destination of the packet, classifying the packet, forwarding the packet to one of a plurality of receive rings on the NIC, determining whether the one of the plurality of receive rings comprises space to store the packet, dropping the packet if the receive ring does not comprise the space to store the packet, and sending a notification message to the packet destination, where the notification message indicates that the packet was dropped by the receive ring.

Abstract: The present invention provides a transmission method for a physical layer operations, administration and maintenance (PLOAM) message in a passive optical network. The method includes: a transmitter dividing a PLOAM message to generate more than two new PLOAM messages, each of which comprises at least a message identification (Message ID) field (1501); and the transmitter transmitting the new PLOAM messages identified with Message IDs (1502). The invention also provides an assembling method for a PLOAM message in a passive optical network and a transmission device for a PLOAM message in a passive optical network. By using the method of the invention, the invention improves the efficiency of the PLOAM message transmission, avoids bandwidth waste, and simultaneously improves the flexibility and timeliness of the PLOAM message transmission between an OLT and an ONU.

Abstract: A method of transmitting an Operations, Administration and Maintenance (OAM) message and of processing an error in a Passive Optical Network (PON) system is provided. Using an OAM packet format that may be used in common in the PON system, a process of transmitting or receiving an OAM message may be simplified, an efficiency of the process may be increased, and an Optical Network Unit (ONU) may be managed at a high speed.

Abstract: A system and method for determining a call path to assign a call over a packet network. A call request may be received, and at least two potential call paths over a packet network over which a call associated with the call request may be placed may be determined. Network performance information associated with each node segment on the respective at least two potential call paths may be accessed. A value associated with each potential call path may be determined, where each value may be indicative of communications operations on each potential call path. A call path may be assigned to the call based on the determined values.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a method may include a given maintenance end point receiving connectivity fault management (CFM) messages (e.g., CCMs) at the provisioned maintenance level of the maintenance end point. Additionally the method may also include snooping CFM messages at maintenance levels higher the provisioned maintenance level of the given maintenance end point and storing the configuration information necessary for transmitting alarm indication suppression message from the lowest higher-level CFM message snooped across the maintenance end point. The method may further include a timeout of the stored information if transmission of the higher-level CFM messages cease. The method may include snooping these higher-level CFM messages in either direction and also include the ability to display the higher-level CFM information to an operator through a user-interface.

Abstract: A method is implemented in a network that comprises a plurality of ports and an indicator associated with each port. The method comprises forming a frame. The frame passes through the network. The frame causes indicators of multiple ports to illuminate to provide an indication of a path through the network Each of the ports remain illuminated for at least a period of time after the frame passes through each such port to enable a person to concurrently visualize all of the ports comprising the path.