Abstract: Various embodiments that relate to local communication are discussed. A radio from one geographical area can enter a communication environment of a different geographical area. However, if the radio still functions consistent with the previous geographical area, then the radio will not blend into the new geographical area. Therefore, the radio can alter operational characteristics when entering the new geographical area such that the radio blends into the new geographical area from a radio frequency perspective.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a 5G or pre-5G communication system. A method performed by a terminal includes receiving, from a base station, first system information including information indicating that an extended DRX mode is allowed in a cell; transmitting, to an entity for managing mobility of the terminal, a request message including first information on a first DRX cycle for an operation in the extended DRX mode; receiving, from the entity, a response message based on the request message; identifying whether the response message includes second information on a second DRX cycle for the operation in the extended DRX mode; performing the operation in the extended DRX mode based on the second information, when the response message includes the second information; and performing an operation in a regular DRX mode based on third information on a default cycle, when the response message does not include the second information.

Abstract: This disclosure describes systems, methods, and devices related to wake up receiver (WUR) frequency division multiple access (FDMA) transmission. A device may cause to send a wake up receiver (WUR) beacon frame on a WUR beacon operating channel to one or more station devices. The device may determine a first wake-up frame to be sent on a first WUR operating channel, wherein the first WUR operating channel is associated with one or more frequency division multiple access (FDMA) channels used for transmitting one or more wake-up frames to the one or more station devices. The device may determine to apply padding to the first wake-up frame based on a field included in a header of the first wake-up frame. The device may cause to send the first wake-up frame to a first station device of the one or more station devices.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a method for receiving a wake-up signal by a first UE in a wireless communication system, the method comprising the steps of: operating a wake-up receiver during a wake-up signal on-duration by the first UE; and receiving a wake-up signal transmitted by a second UE through the wake-up receiver and then receiving data, wherein information related to the wake-up signal on-duration is commonly signaled to the first UE, which receives the wake-up signal, and the second UE which transmits the wake-up signal. The UE is capable of communicating with at least one of another UE, a UE related to an autonomous driving vehicle, the BS or a network.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) may be scheduled to send uplink data to a base station using a particular transmission length provided by the base station. The UE may send multiple repetitions of the uplink data to the base station using transmissions that have varying lengths. The UE may determine a transmit power based on the length provided by the base station and use that transmit power for transmitting the repetitions, regardless of the actual lengths of the repetitions.

Abstract: Systems and methods for beamforming of broadcast and synchronization channels are provided. In one example, a system includes a BBU, RU(s) communicatively coupled to the BBU, and antennas communicatively coupled to the RU(s). Each RU is communicatively coupled to a respective subset of antennas. The BBU, RU(s), and antennas implement a base station for wirelessly communicating with UEs. The base station is configured to map a synchronization signal to the antennas during a sequence of time periods, transmit the synchronization signal via each respective subset of antennas with a first antenna beam pattern during a first time period of the sequence of time periods, and transmit the synchronization signal via each respective subset of the antennas with a second antenna beam pattern during a second time period of the sequence of time periods. The first antenna beam pattern is different than the second antenna beam pattern.

Abstract: Provided are methods and apparatus for transmitting an uplink data channel in a next-generation/5G radio access network. The method of a UE may include receiving first resource assignment information on a first UL data channel and second assignment information on a second UL data channel from a base station, and preferentially assigning transmission power to one of the first and second UL data channels and adjusting the transmission power for the other when the first and second UL data channels are need to e transmitted by at least partially overlapping with each other in a time domain based on the first and second resource assignment information.

Abstract: In a method for determining a resource of an asynchronous physical uplink shared channel PUSCH, user equipment (UE) receives time domain resource configuration information and frequency domain resource configuration information from a network device. The UE sets, based on the time domain resource configuration information, a time domain position of a first hop of a first PUSCH and a time domain position of a second hop of the first PUSCH to be inconsecutive in the time domain. The UE then determines a frequency domain position of the first hop of the first PUSCH and a frequency domain position of the second hop of the first PUSCH based on the frequency domain resource configuration information.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a data transmission method and apparatus. The method includes: obtaining to-be-transmitted data; putting the to-be-transmitted data into a to-be-transmitted data field with a fourth predetermined number of Bytes in a first predetermined frame format for encapsulation, to obtain a to-be-transmitted data frame, the first predetermined frame format sequentially including a first permeable field, a frame synchronization signal field, an address field, the to-be-transmitted data field, a check field, a first postamble field, and a first predetermined gap field; encoding and modulating the to-be-transmitted data frame in accordance with BPSK, and then transmitting the to-be-transmitted data frame; and demodulating and decoding in accordance with the BPSK to obtain an ACK signal.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may include one or more antennas and a first transceiver operatively coupled to the antennas. The one or more antennas and the first transceiver may be configured to receive a first signal from a network using zero energy from the WTRU. The one or more antennas and the first transceiver may be further configured to extract energy from the first signal. The first transceiver may be further configured to examine a separation between energy threshold events to decode an energy signature of the first signal. The first transceiver may be further configured to activate a second transceiver operatively coupled to the one or more antennas if the decoded energy signature matches a stored energy signature, wherein the second transceiver is powered by the WTRU. The one or more antennas and the second transceiver may be configured to receive a second signal from the network.

Abstract: A method for transmitting paging signaling includes: detecting whether a channel in which a paging signaling to be sent is located is idle; when the described channel is not idle, abandoning sending the paging signaling on a preferred time domain location, and determining an alternative time domain location; and sending the paging signaling on time frequency resources of the alternative time domain location.

Abstract: A wireless communication method of a receiver, including performing a first determination of whether to decode a control channel of a current time transmission interval (TTI) based on control channel information of a previous TTI; decoding the control channel of the current TTI based on a result of the first determination; performing a second determination of whether a data channel is included in the current TTI based on a result of the decoding; and performing a third determination of whether to deactivate a communication interface configured to process a received signal based on a result of the second determination.

Abstract: A method UE for receiving configuration data in a wireless communication network is provided. The UE receives configuration data to configure the UE with early measurement configuration, which the UE (10) will use to perform measurements in dormant state and with one or more SCG configuration(s) that are to be stored by the UEand/or the radio network node, while the UE (10) is in dormant state. The UE performs (605) early measurements in a dormant state according to the early measurement configuration. Upon transition to a connected mode, the UE compares (606) the early measurements to one or more trigger conditions associated with the one or more SCG configurations.Publ.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a terminal and a base station as well as to a method which may be performed at a terminal and at a base station in a communication system. For example, a mobile device may comprise a transceiver, which, in operation, receives and/or transmits a signal, as well as a circuitry. The circuitry monitors a signal in a first set of resources. When the monitored signal includes identification of the mobile device and an indicator having a first value, controls the transceiver: to receive or transmit signal on a second set of resources and to, after a time period indicated in the monitored control signal, not receive or transmit signal on a second set of resources and monitor the control signal in the first set of resources.

Abstract: A sidelink user equipment (UE) receives a group wake-up signal (WUS) from a base station and decodes the group WUS based on zone identification (ID) information of the sidelink UE. A base station transmits a wake-up signal to a group of sidelink user equipments (UEs) and transmits zone ID information to the group. A group wake-up signal parameter is a function of the zone ID information. A base station generates a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence, selects a port for a DMRS, and/or scrambles a control channel or a data channel based on a zone ID of a sidelink UE. A sidelink UE compares a zone ID of the sidelink UE with a zone ID of a neighbor UE and initiates a conditional handover to another cell when the zone ID of the sidelink UE differs from the zone ID of the neighbor UE.

Abstract: A network-based control method for power consumption of an application, a terminal device and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium are disclosed. The network-based control method may include: identifying a target application having a frequent wakeup or heartbeat detection behavior in response to a freezing function being enabled; monitoring whether a peer server to which the target application is connected is accessible; and freezing the target application by the freezing function in response to the peer server being inaccessible.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to handling wake up signaling in discontinuous reception. A method comprises determining, at an apparatus, whether an active time during which the apparatus monitors transmissions from a further apparatus overlaps with at least one occasion for monitoring wake up signaling. The method further comprises in response to the active time overlapping with the at least one occasion, skipping monitoring wake up signaling on the at least one occasion. As such, power consumption for monitoring wake up signaling during the active time can be reduced.

Abstract: A bandwidth part processing method and apparatus is provided. The method includes: responsive to expiration of an inactivity timer corresponding to an active first bandwidth part BWP, determining whether a carrier in which the first BWP is located includes a second BWP in an active state; and responsive to determining that the carrier includes the second BWP in the active state, deactivating the first BWP. According to this method, an unnecessary BWP switch procedure can be avoided.

Abstract: A wireless device receives, from a base station, one or more radio resource control messages indicating: a first value of a first bandwidth part (BWP) inactivity timer for a first cell, and a second value of a second BWP inactivity timer for a second cell. A downlink control information (DCI) is received, via the first cell, indicating a set of sidelink resources for sidelink transmission via the second cell. In response to the DCI, the first BWP inactivity timer is restarted based on the first value. A transport block, of the sidelink transmission, is transmitted via a sidelink resource of the set of sidelink resources. In response to transmitting via the sidelink resource, the second BWP inactivity timer is restarted based on the second value.

Abstract: Systems, methods and computer software are disclosed for providing an energy efficient base station with synchronization. In one embodiment, a method is disclosed, comprising: performing traffic analysis to determine off-peak hours duration when traffic is light; updating downlink and uplink schedulers to transmit a minimum required signaling and control information; and wherein updating downlink and uplink scheduler for minimum required signaling and control information further comprises scheduling, in a downlink direction, at least one of transmitting only reference symbols over selected OFDM symbols, PDCCH on up to a first three OFDM symbols, PSS and SSS on a central six PRB s and PBCH.

Abstract: A method of the present disclosure performed by a first communication device comprises determining wake-up operating parameters and entering WUR (wake-up radio) mode by communicating with a second communication device; wherein one of wake-up operating parameters is duty cycle schedule of WUR receiver of the first communication device; and the starting point of the duty cycle schedule of WUR receiver of the first communication device is aligned with TWBTT (target WUR Beacon transmission time).

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) may receive, from a base station, control signaling for communications in a wireless communications system. The control signaling may indicate a first duration for an inactivity timer. The UE may initiate the inactivity timer and a second timer based on identifying a period of inactivity. The second timer may have a second duration that is shorter than the first duration for the inactivity timer. In some examples, the second duration may be based on one or more parameters, such as a display status, a battery status, a scaling factor, the first duration, an application state, or any combination thereof. The UE may release a connection for the communications in the wireless communications system based on an expiration of the second timer, an expiration of the inactivity timer, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: In a particular implementation, a method of wireless communication includes transmitting, from a first user equipment (UE) to a second UE, a radio resource control (RRC) request that includes a first discontinuous reception (DRX) preference at the first UE. The method also includes receiving, at the first UE from the second UE, a RRC setup message that includes a second DRX preference at the second UE. The method further includes transmitting, from the first UE to the second UE, a RRC setup complete message that includes an indication of a confirmed DRX cycle.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for adjusting a time period to delay entering a power save mode (leak guard) for wireless communications. In one aspect, a wireless communication device may adjust a time period to delay entering a power save mode. The time period is associated with the wireless communication device remaining awake to prevent an access point from transmitting to the wireless communication device while the wireless communication device is in the power save mode. The wireless communication device also may provide, to the AP, an indication that the wireless communication device is entering a power save mode, and the wireless communication device may enter the power save mode. Entering the power save mode is at least the adjusted time period after providing the indication to the AP.

Abstract: A communication apparatus transmits a request signal to an apparatus operating in a second operation mode among operation modes including a first operation mode using a first wireless communication unit and the second operation mode using a second wireless communication unit operable with lower power consumption than the first wireless communication unit. The request signal for causes the apparatus to transition from the second operation mode to the first operation mode. The communication apparatus determines whether transmitting the request signal is prioritized, and decides a parameter in the request signal that is used to avoid an access conflict in a wireless communication band, based on a result of the decision.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for wireless communication. In some implementations, a wireless communication device obtains one or more indications that a wireless station (STA) will enter a power-save mode, selects, for each respective STA of a plurality of STAs, a duration associated with the respective STA entering the power-save mode, and adjusts one or more parameters of a multi-user channel access mechanism for transmitting uplink data associated with the selected duration. In some other implementations, a wireless communication device outputs one or more indications that the device will enter a power-save mode, outputs or obtains data at each of a plurality of first instances, enters the power-save mode at each of a plurality of second instances, and obtains a beacon indicating one or more parameters to be used for a multi-user channel access mechanism for transmitting uplink data.

Abstract: A user equipment, method used in a user equipment, and an apparatus for a user equipment include receiving from a first cell operated in a licensed band, configuration information configuring a second cell operated in an unlicensed band, performing a listen-before-talk (LBT) procedure on the second cell, counting a number of failures of the LBT procedure on the second cell, and transmitting information based on the number of failures of the LBT procedure on the second cell, to the first cell operated in the licensed band, the information indicating the failure of the LBT procedure on the second cell.

Abstract: Communication methods and devices include opening a plurality of detection windows according to a preset detection period; in response to having detected a preamble of a radio frame in at least a preset number of continuous detection windows of the plurality of detection windows, switching the receiving end device to an awake state; and receiving the radio frame while the receiving end device is operating in the awake state.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for transmitting a wake up signal (WUS) by a communication device in a wireless communication system, and a device therefor, according to various embodiments. Disclosed are a method for transmitting a WUS by a communication device, and a device therefor, the method comprising the steps for: setting a group WUS configuration related to the setting of a WUS resource for each UE group; transmitting the set group WUS configuration; and transmitting a WUS on the basis of the group WUS configuration, wherein the group WUS configuration is divided into a second WUS configuration for discontinuous reception (DRX) and a first WUS configuration for eDRX.

Abstract: This disclosure describes systems, methods, and devices related to wake-up frame indication. A device may determine a wake up receiver (WUR) wake-up frame to be sent to a first station device of one or more station devices. The device may determine one or more indications associated with the first station device, wherein the one or more indications indicate to the first station device, one or more actions to be taken by the first station device after waking up a primary connectivity radio (PCR) of the first station device. The device may cause a medium access control (MAC) layer to encode the WUR wake-up frame with the one or more indications associated with the first station device. The device may cause to send the WUR wake-up frame to the first station device using a physical layer (PHY).

Abstract: The user equipment comprises a reception unit configured to receive allocation information of reference signals from a base station apparatus or a first user equipment, the reference signals being used in a device-to-device direct communication; a control unit for determining a device-to-device direct communication signal based on the allocation information of reference signals used in the device-to-device direct communication; and a transmitter configured to transmit the determined device-to-device direct communication signal to a second user equipment, wherein the allocation information of reference signals used in the device-to-device direct communication includes a transmission density of the reference signals used in the device-to-device direct communication.

Abstract: Presented in one embodiment is a method by which a first device performs wireless communication. The method may comprise the steps of: acquiring a sidelink discontinuous reception (SL DRX) configuration; receiving, from a second device, first sidelink control information (SCI) for scheduling a first physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) through a first physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH); receiving, from the second device, second SCI and first data through the first physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH); and determining a first physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH) resource on the basis of a slot index and a sub-channel index, which are related to the first PSSCH. For example, a first timer included in the SL DRX configuration can be initiated on the basis of the omission of a first PSFCH transmission related to the first PSSCH on the first PSFCH resource.

Abstract: A wireless device transmits a Type 2 power headroom value, for a primary cell, in response to a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) secondary cell being activated.

Abstract: In 802.11ax networks with access points, a trigger frame offers scheduled and random resource units to nodes for data uplink communication to the access points. To make more effective the usage of the network, the access point may design the trigger frame to force the nodes to send some categories of data. Resource units may be defined in trigger frames to be dedicated to small packets or to some access category data. Adjusting the time length of the resource units helps restricting the type of data that can be conveyed by the resource units. Also, using various frequency widths for resource units in the same trigger frame helps reducing padding in the resource units when various traffic types coexist.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a first network node may receive discontinuous reception (DRX) group information associated with a DRX grouping configuration that enables alignment of access link DRX configurations corresponding to a first set of network nodes and sidelink DRX configurations corresponding to the first set of network nodes, wherein the DRX group information indicates a first group identifier (ID) corresponding to a first DRX group of a plurality of DRX groups associated with the DRX grouping configuration, and wherein the first DRX group includes a first subset of the first set of network nodes. The first network node may communicate, based at least in part on the DRX group information, via at least one of a sidelink or an access link. Numerous other aspects are described.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive, at a modem from an application processor, sets of values for connected mode discontinuous reception (C-DRX) configuration parameters, each of the sets of values for the C-DRX configuration parameters being associated with a corresponding one of a plurality of active applications. The UE may determine a set of selected values for the C-DRX configuration parameters based at least in part on the sets of values. The determination of the set of selected values may include identifying an extremum value for a first C-DRX configuration parameter among the sets of values and determining a selected value for the first C-DRX configuration parameter as the extremum value. The UE may transmit a request indicating the set of selected values for the C-DRX configuration parameters. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a housing, at least one antenna located in the housing, a Wi-Fi module that is electrically connected with the at least one antenna, supports a Wi-Fi protocol, and includes one core, a processor that is located in the housing and is operatively connected with the Wi-Fi module, and a memory operatively connected with the processor. The memory stores instructions, when executed, causing the processor to establish a Wi-Fi link on a first channel with an access point (AP), through the Wi-Fi module, establish a mobile hotspot link on the first channel with an external electronic device, through the Wi-Fi module, detect an event associated with a change in state of the Wi-Fi link, and change a state of the mobile hotspot link, based at least on the detected event.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose a network connection processing method, an apparatus, and a wireless transceiver unit. The method is applied to a user equipment UE side and relates to the 5G NR and the field of artificial intelligence communications. The method includes: connecting UE to both a 4G base station and a 5G base station by using an LTE-NR dual connectivity technology; and when the UE is in a screen-off state and a data transmission rate of the UE is less than or equal to a preset rate, releasing a connection between the UE and the 5G base station. The embodiments of the present invention can solve problems such as high device power consumption and network resource waste caused by the LTE-NR dual connectivity technology.

Abstract: The initial beam access method for a mobile station in a mmWave cellular network having a base station and multiple mobile stations includes a method having steps of probing a channel for information about the base station from the multiple mobile stations; receiving information from the multiple mobile stations on the direction of the base station in relation to a reference point; and adjusting the direction of the base station based on the received information and the reference point using a digital compass.

Abstract: Provided is a base station device including: a scheme selection unit that selects a scheme of HO from a first scheme not using an NRT and a second scheme using the NRT; and an HO control unit that, when the first scheme is selected, causes the UE to measure system information of an HO candidate cell, receives an ECGI, and controls HO by using cell information of the HO candidate cell received from a core network by using the ECGI, and, when the second scheme is selected and the PCI of the HO candidate cell is included in the NRT, controls the HO by using cell information corresponding to the PCI, and when the PCI is not included, causes the UE to measure the system information of the HO candidate cell, receives the ECGI, controls the HO by using the cell information of the HO candidate cell.

Abstract: Proposed herein is a method and device for receiving a WUR discovery frame in a wireless LAN system. More specifically, a station (STA) receives a WUR discovery element from an access point (AP). The STA receives the WUR discovery frame from a neighbor AP based on the WUR discovery element. The WUR discovery element includes AP list information. The AP list information includes information on a WUR discovery period. The WUR discovery frame is received during the WUR discovery period.

Abstract: A network element includes a port; and a device with circuitry configured to encode data for communication to a second device via a plurality of physical channels, and utilize one of the plurality of physical channels as a dedicated timing channel with encoding thereon different from encoding on the other plurality of physical channels, and interface encoded data via the plurality of physical channels with the port for transmission and reception with a second device.

Abstract: Provided is a method of operating a wireless device in a communication network. Operations corresponding to the method include receiving (510) a scheduling message that includes a schedule identifying multiple transmission blocks, TBs. Operations further include dynamically generating (530) an acknowledgement timer value that corresponds to the TBs.

Abstract: This application provides a communications method and a communications apparatus. A first station in a first multi-link device sends first information to a second multi-link device, where the first information is used to indicate a frequency at which a station in a power saving mode in the first multi-link device receives a beacon frame. In this way, the second multi-link device may learn about, based on the first information, a frequency at which a station in the first multi-link device receives a beacon frame, thereby helping the second multi-link device effectively manage a cache service of each station in the first multi-link device and manage a data buffer space.

Abstract: A method of power saving in multicast broadcast services (MBS) communications includes determining, by a user equipment (UE) and based on channel measurements; at least one of: whether to resume transmitting paused uplink feedback or to stop transmitting uplink feedback associated with MBS data and whether to switch a periodicity associated with the uplink feedback; and transmitting or stopping transmitting of the uplink feedback based on the determining. The uplink feedback may be one of hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback or channel state information (CSI) report. Transmitting the uplink feedback may be based on a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH). Preferably, the user equipment (UE) is in a radio resource control (RRC) connected state.

Abstract: A method for reducing power consumption of a terminal that communicates with a base station in a mobile communication system using a multi-carrier structure composed of a primary component carrier and at least one secondary component carrier comprises: receiving a discontinuous reception (DRX) parameter group for multi carriers from the base station; and setting the multi carriers to the same parameter value, by using the received parameter group. The method for reducing power consumption of the terminal further comprises: performing a downlink control channel receive operation on each carrier according to a DRX cycle. As the base station in the mobile communication system using the multi-carrier structure simplifies the DRX process for reducing power consumption of a terminal by reducing signaling load for the multi-carrier control of the terminal, it becomes possible to reduce power consumption of the terminal.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for wireless communication that support mechanisms signaling non-linearities to a victim user equipment (UE) for interference cancellation in a wireless communication system. A victim UE may experience interference from an uplink transmission by an aggressor UE to a base station. The victim UE may obtain a power amplifier model associated with the aggressor UE. The power amplifier may include a non-linearity model of a power amplifier of the aggressor UE causing the interference on the victim UE. The power amplifier model obtained by the victim UE may be dependent on various parameters, such as a transmit power used by the aggressor UE to transmit the uplink transmission causing the interference. Based on the aggressor UE transmit power, the victim UE may select parameters for power amplifier model and may estimate the interference caused by the uplink transmission for interference cancellation.

Abstract: A wireless network interface of a first client station negotiates with an access point a first component channel of an operating channel via which the first client station is to receive wakeup frames from the access point. A wakeup radio of the first client station receives a wakeup packet from the access point. The wakeup packet spans the operating channel, which comprises at least four component channels, and one or more of the component channels within the operating channel are punctured so that the access point does not transmit the wakeup packet in the one or more component channels that are punctured. The wakeup packet includes a first wakeup frame for the first client station in the first component channel and one or more respective second wakeup frames for one or more second client stations in one or more respective second component channels.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods and apparatuses for facilitating restricted target wake time (TWT) operation in a wireless local area network. The apparatuses include a non-access point (AP) multi-link device (MLD) comprising a plurality of stations (STAs) and a processor. Each STA comprises a transceiver configured for broadcast TWT operation on multi-link operation (MLO) links with corresponding APs of an AP MLD. The processor is operably coupled to the transceivers, and configured to negotiate a broadcast TWT schedule over a first link between a first STA and a first AP of the AP MLD, apply the broadcast TWT schedule to the group of links, negotiate a restricted TWT schedule with the AP MLD over at least one link of the group of links, and establish the restricted TWT schedule on one or more links of the at least one link.

Abstract: Techniques for path selection in a network include a first node in a mesh network receiving, from a second node in the mesh network, a first battery life metric for a path through the mesh network, determining a value representing a remaining battery life of the first node, calculating a second battery life metric based on at least one of the first battery life metric for the path or the value representing the remaining battery life for the first node, and transmitting, to a third node in the mesh network, the second battery life metric.