Abstract: This document discloses system, method, and computer program product embodiments for operating an autonomous vehicle (AV). For example, the method includes performing the following operations by a muxing tool when AV is deployed within a particular geographic area in a real-world environment: receiving perception data that is representative of at least one actual object which is perceived while AV is deployed within the particular geographic area in a real-world environment; receiving simulation data that represents a simulated object that could be perceived by AV in the real-world environment and that was generated using a simulation scenario which is selected from a plurality of simulation scenarios based on at least one of the particular geographic area in which AV is currently located and a current operational state of AV; and generating augmented perception data by combining the simulation data with the perception data.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed that determine whether wait times for attractions of a theme park are shorter or longer than expected and notify guests of these shorter or longer wait times. In particular, the systems and methods determine a wait time value for an attraction by dividing a wait time for the attraction by a total wait time for all attractions of the theme park, and compare the wait time value to one or more threshold values based on an expected wait time for the attraction. In this manner, theme park guests may make a more informed decision on which attraction to wait for, and maximize their time at the theme park.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. To indicate a precoder sequence for uplink transmissions, a base station may transmit a message to a UE that configures a sequence of at least two sets of precoding parameters. Each set of precoding parameters may correspond to an uplink message. For example, a first set of precoding parameters of the sequence may correspond to a first uplink message and a second set of precoding parameters of the sequence may correspond to a second uplink message that is subsequent to the first uplink message in a time domain. The UE may receive the message and transmit, to the base station, the first uplink message using the first set of precoding parameters and the second uplink message using the second set of precoding parameters based on the sequence of the at least two sets of precoding parameters.

Abstract: A network node, wireless device, base station, user equipment and corresponding methods are provided. The network node includes processing circuitry configured to: select a first set and second set of reference signal resources in a subframe and aggregate the first set and second set of reference signal resources in the subframe to form a code division multiplexing, CDM, aggregation configuration. The first set and second set of reference signal resources in the subframe satisfy a temporal criterion such that any two resource elements in the first set and second set of reference signal resources have up to a maximum time separation of six OFDM symbols. The first set and second set of reference signal resources in the subframe satisfy a frequency criterion such that any two resource elements in the first set and second set of reference signal resources have up to a maximum frequency separation of six subcarriers.

Abstract: Aspects presented herein may enhance the configuration of the scheduling offset for communication devices within a channelized frequency band. In one aspect, a UE receives a PDCCH including a scheduling offset parameter. The PDCCH schedules one of a PDSCH for reception in a first sub-band within a BWP or provides an uplink scheduling grant of a PUSCH for transmission in a second sub-band within the BWP. The UE communicates with a base station based on one of a slot for receiving the PDSCH based on the first sub-band within the BWP and the scheduling offset parameter when the PDCCH schedules the PDSCH, or a slot for transmitting the PUSCH based on the second sub-band within the BWP and the scheduling offset parameter when a PUCCH is used to schedule the PUSCH.

Abstract: Systems and methods for assigning voice communication channels used by a crew of employees using communication devices are disclosed. Exemplary implementations may: electronically store information, wherein the information represents associations of individual voice communication channels with one or more communication groups; receive user input that identifies employees, automatically determine sets of communication channel assignments per communication device, between communication channels and subsets of communication groups; configure communication devices according to the determined assignments; and facilitate packet-based communication, using the communication channels, between the communication devices.

Abstract: A method of broadcasting an information packet in a network including a sender of the packet and a plurality of recipients connected by a network equipment of a routing server, the routing server including a physical computing system and a software system, and the physical computing system operating alternatively between a kernel mode and a user mode. The software system controls the implementation of a step of receiving the packet, and, for each recipient, a step of duplicating the packet. The software system also controls the implementation of a step of routing the packet thanks to an IP address of the recipient, and a step of sending the packet to the recipient, wherein each step is executed by the physical computing system in kernel mode.

Abstract: An infrastructure equipment forming part of a wireless communications network is provided. The infrastructure equipment comprises transceiver circuitry configured to transmit signals to and to receive signals from communications devices via a wireless access interface provided by the wireless communications network, and controller circuitry. The controller circuitry is configured in combination with the transceiver circuitry to determine a delay time for each of a plurality of communications devices, the delay time being a time taken for the each of the communications devices to receive signals transmitted by the infrastructure equipment, to set a playback time dependent on a longest of the delay times among the plurality of communications devices, the playback time being a time at which one or more of the communications devices should transmit a signal, and to transmit signals to each of the communications devices, the signals comprising an indication of the playback time.

Abstract: Systems and methods of establishing a decentralized dynamic cellular communication network, and the network so established. Software utilized by cellular nodes enables the nodes to communicate with each other and with user equipment, and determines cellular service quality of the cellular nodes by way of the user equipment and/or other cellular nodes. Software utilized by a plurality of validator nodes enables the validator nodes to communicate with the cellular nodes and validates the cellular service quality determined by the cellular nodes. As the cellular nodes begin utilizing the software, they are added to the network. Distributed servers peer with each other to allow network RAN and core to register and coordinate. Cellular radio access components coordinate their transmissions to user equipment to ensure minimized handoff in conditions in which the radio access components are non-stationary. Local clocks configured to each transmitter to enable secure frequency cooperation.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure provide apparatus, methods, processing systems, and computer readable mediums for forming a virtual user equipment (UE) group and enhancing communication using joint reception and transmission mechanisms. For example, a UE may establish sidelink channels for communications with one or more other UEs. The UE and the one or more other UEs may form a virtual UE group (also interchangeably referred to as a virtual UE) using the sidelink channels. The UE may exchange information with other UEs in the virtual UE group to enhance communications between the one or more UEs of the virtual UE group and a network entity. The information exchanged depends on at least one of a joint reception mechanism or a joint transmission mechanism used by the virtual UE group. The UE communicates with the network entity based, at least in part, on the exchanged information.

Abstract: A method performed by a User Equipment (UE) for transmitting Uplink (UL) signals for positioning purpose in a wireless communications network is provided. The UE receives (302) from a second network node, a UL signal switching configuration, and a UL signal configuration to transmit UL signals for positioning purpose on one or more carriers where the UE does not transmit user data. The UE further receives (303) from the second network node a UL signal switching order. The UE then switches (304) to at least one carrier where the UE does not transmit user data, to transmit the UL signals for positioning purpose. The UE then switches back (305) to a carrier where the UE transmits user data.

Abstract: Described herein are systems and methods for supporting multicast for virtual networks. In some embodiments, a native multicast approach can utilized in which packet replication is performed on a host node of a virtual machine (VM) with a multicast data packet encapsulated in uniquely address unicast packets. In some embodiments, a network virtual appliance can be utilized. A multicast packet sent from the VM can be unicasted to the network virtual appliance. The multicast appliance can then replicate the packet into multiple copies and send the packets to the receivers in the virtual network as unicast data packets encapsulating the multicast packet.

Abstract: Embodiments of present disclosure relate to a method and an electronic device for determining a storage node (SN) for a network element (NE) in a communication network. The method comprises detecting addition of a NE to a plurality of NEs, wherein each of the plurality of NEs is dynamically allocated to a virtualization unit of a plurality of virtualization units, obtaining context information associated with each of a plurality of storage nodes and the NE upon detecting the addition of the NE to the plurality of NEs, wherein the plurality of storage nodes is located in the communication network and configured to store data associated with the plurality of NEs, and determining a storage node from the plurality of storage nodes for the NE, based on the context information associated with each of the plurality of storage nodes and the NE, wherein the virtualization unit of the plurality of virtualization units allocated to each of the plurality of NEs is updated upon selection of the storage node for the NE.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a communication method and system for converging a 5th-Generation (5G) communication system for supporting higher data rates beyond a 4th-Generation (4G) system with a technology for Internet of Things (IoT). The present disclosure may be applied to intelligent services based on the 5G communication technology and the IoT-related technology, such as smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car, connected car, health care, digital education, smart retail, security and safety services. The present disclosure relates to mobile communication technology, and in particular, to a method for uplink transmission and apparatus thereof.

Abstract: A transmission apparatus includes a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter transmits a Trigger Frame for allocating resources for Uplink Multi User (UL MU) transmission, the Trigger Frame comprising a common information field that includes a type subfield indicating one of a plurality of trigger types, wherein the plurality of trigger types includes a first trigger type, a second trigger type and a third trigger type, the first trigger type indicating a basic trigger, the second trigger type indicating multi-user block ack request, and the third trigger type indicating a specific trigger used for soliciting a specific type of UL MU response frame from a plurality of terminal stations. The receiver, responsive to the type subfield indicating the third trigger type, receives the specific type of UL MU response frame from the plurality of terminal station.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) may selectively determine to decode a downlink shared channel multicast transmission based on whether the downlink shared channel includes a retransmission of an initial multicast transmission. A base station may transmit a message in a downlink control channel to indicate if the downlink shared channel is carrying the retransmission of the initial multicast transmission. For example, the base station may transmit a group random network temporary identifier, downlink control information with a retransmission indicator bit, or both to indicate if the downlink shared channel is carrying the retransmission. In some cases, the message in the downlink control channel may be received at a layer one (L1) of the UE, and the downlink shared channel transmission may be decoded at L1 of the UE and sent to a layer two (L2) of the UE for processing.

Abstract: In some aspects, the disclosure is directed to methods and systems for in-application dynamic content loading via a hybrid process, including both local and remote content items, via a content handler intercepting requests in a predetermined uniform resource locator (URL) scheme and redirecting the requests to local storage or a remote content provider, transparently to a browser application or webview of the application, and avoiding restrictions imposed by an operating system of the device. Content may be dynamically updated on the content provider server by developers, and dynamically loaded during execution of the application on client devices, without requiring updates to be provided to an application store or publisher server.

Abstract: A network base station can select, for each of one or more attached terminals, a respective downlink transmission mode (DTM) based at least in part on respective channel condition information (CCI). The base station can determine a subframe allocation of DTMs to subframes of a radio frame, and transmit downlink data to terminals based the subframe allocation. Additionally or alternatively, the base station can receive load information from a second base station associated with a different access network and determine the subframe allocation based on the load information. The subframe allocation can associate a specific access network with each subframe. Additionally or alternatively, the base station can send the subframe allocation to the second base station. Additionally or alternatively, the base station can determine a proportion of GBR traffic of a particular DTM, determine a reference-signal transmission rate associated with that DTM, and transmit reference signals accordingly.

Abstract: The present invention provides a computer-implemented method performed in an electronic device, wherein the computer-implemented method comprises the steps of: determining if an operating system of the electronic device enables a gaming mode; and if it is determined that the operating system of the electronic device enables the gaming mode, controlling a wireless communication module of the electronic device to not perform at least one operation that will decrease throughput of the wireless communication module; and if it is determined that the operating system of the electronic device does not enable the gaming mode, at least one operation that will decrease throughput of the wireless communication module is allowed to be executed by the wireless communication module.

Abstract: A method performed by a first node (e.g., a network exposure function (NEF)) is provided. The method includes: the first node subscribing to an event for one or more user equipments (UEs) at a second node (e.g., a policy and control function (PCF)). Subscribing to the event comprises indicating one or more filters selected from the group of (i) a set of network identifiers (e.g., data network names (DNNs)) that the subscription applies to, (ii) a set of network slice identifiers (e.g., single network slice selection assistance information (S-NSSAIs)) that the subscription applies to, and (iii) a set of locations that the subscription applies to.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for monitoring a signal in a wireless communication system, disclosed in the present disclosure, perform PDCCH monitoring based on a configuration regarding a search space set. The PDCCH monitoring may be performed in units of slot-groups and performed only in a certain number of consecutive slots in a period given by a periodicity and an offset. When a duration related parameter indicating the number of consecutive slots in which the search space may exist is absent in the configuration, the certain number is determined based on the size of a slot-group configured for the search space set.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a pre-5th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates Beyond 4th-Generation (4G) communication system such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). According to various embodiments, a device of a terminal, in a wireless communication system, can include at least one processor and at least one transceiver operatively coupled to the at least one processor. The at least one transceiver configured to receive, from a base station, a first signal transmitted using a first beam of the base station and including system information and receive, from the base station, a second signal transmitted using a second beam of the base station and including the system information, and the at least one processor is configured to decode the second signal in combination with the first signal, thereby enabling the system information to be acquired.

Abstract: A data transmission method includes: generating a first data packet, where a signaling field in the first data packet includes bandwidth information and space-time stream information, the bandwidth information is used to indicate first bandwidth, and the space-time stream information is used to indicate k first space-time stream quantities corresponding to k receive ends, where k?1; and sending the first data packet to the k receive ends, where a maximum value of the first bandwidth is greater than 160 MHz, and/or the k first space-time stream quantities meet a preset condition, where the preset condition includes: when k=1, a maximum value of the first space-time stream quantity indicated by the space-time stream information is greater than 8, and when k>1, a maximum value of a sum of the k first space-time stream quantities is greater than 8.

Abstract: A wireless communication method and apparatus in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system are disclosed. A wireless communication method according to one embodiment may include generating a high-efficiency Wi-Fi (HEW) frame including at least one of an HEW-SIG-A field and an HEW-SIG-B field which include channel information for communications according to an Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) mode, and transmitting the generated HEW frame to a reception apparatus.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for random access. The method which may be performed by a terminal device comprises determining a interlace configuration for uplink shared channel transmission to a network node in a two-step contention-free random access procedure. The method further comprises performing the uplink shared channel transmission to the network node in the two-step contention-free random access procedure, according to the determined interlace configuration. According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the interlaced resource allocation for uplink shared channel transmission may be configured for a two-step contention-free random access procedure in a flexible and efficient way, so that the performance of the random access procedure can be improved.

Abstract: This application relates to the field of wireless communication, and in particular, to individually addressed traffic indication methods and apparatuses applicable to multiple links, for example, in a wireless local area network supporting an 802.11be standard. In an example method, a first access point (AP) of a first access point multi-link device (AP MLD) generates and sends individually addressed traffic indication information. The individually addressed traffic indication information is used to indicate whether a non-AP MLD associated with the first AP MLD has a downlink individually addressed traffic and whether a non-AP MLD associated with a second AP MLD has a downlink individually addressed traffic. The second AP MLD is an AP MLD to which a non-transmitted AP belongs. The non-transmitted AP is in a multiple basic service set identifier (BSSID) set in which the first AP is located.

Abstract: A transportation vehicle, a system, apparatuses, methods, and a computer program for a user equipment and a network component of a mobile communication system. The method for a user equipment of a mobile communication system to receive control information includes receiving a first control information, wherein the first control information includes information related to a modulation format of second control information; and receiving a second control information using the modulation format indicated by the first control information.

Abstract: A system includes a user equipment (UE) traveling at least at a predetermined velocity. The UE is in RRC_INACTIVE state since time T. The system further includes at least a first base station and a second base station. The first base station receives an RRC_INACTIVE state message from the UE. The RRC_INACTIVE state message includes a location and a velocity of the UE, and a time-lapse, which is an elapsed duration since T. In response to a paging message from a core network, the first base station predicts a location of the UE. In response to the UE being within range of the first base station, the first base station sends the paging message to the UE. In response to the UE being within range of the second base station, the first base station sends a request to the second base station to send the paging message to the UE.

Abstract: A method and a first network node of a wireless network, for handling paging of a wireless device. A Radio Access Network Area, RANA, which is supported by the first network node, is registered in a database by network nodes supporting the RANA, including the first network node. The network nodes that support the RANA are then identified in the database. When it is detected that a wireless device needs to be paged in the RANA, e.g. for receiving data, a paging message is distributed to the identified set of network nodes as an instruction to perform radio transmission of the paging message. Further, which is available to the network nodes throughout the wireless network. Thereby, any network node in the wireless network, such as the first network node, is able to perform distribution of a paging message to all network nodes that support a particular RANA, as registered in the database.

Abstract: An access point includes a first interface that wirelessly communicates using a first band; a second interface that wirelessly communicates using a second band; and a controller that selects one type of request to send (RTS)/clear to send (CTS) control from among three mutually different types using at least one of the first interface and the second interface, and carries out the selected one type of RTS/CTS control with a terminal.

Abstract: A method of point cloud coding (PCC) implemented by a video decoder. The method includes receiving an encoded bitstream including a group of frames header, the group of frames header specifying a profile and a level of the encoded bitstream, and decoding the encoded bitstream.

Abstract: A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) includes receiving, from a base station, a message comprising a multicast downlink grant for a downlink channel associated with a multicast transmission. The method also includes receiving, from the base station, a reference signal associated with the downlink channel. The method further includes transmitting, to the base station, a unicast message comprising a measurement report indicating a measurement of the reference signal associated with the downlink channel. The reference signal may be measured based on receiving the multicast downlink grant.

Abstract: In a case where both an IPv4 address and an IPv6 address are available in a printing apparatus, a Bluetooth low energy advertising packet including the available IPv4 address but not the available IPv6 address is generated and periodically transmitted.

Abstract: A terminal device that can be connected to one or more base station devices that each form one or more beams is described. The terminal device monitors, when the terminal device is not connected to any of the one or more base station devices, a connection target beam to be used when the terminal device establishes a connection with any of the one or more base station devices; and reports, at least based on a fact that the connection target beam has transitioned, information regarding the connection target beam to a base station device that forms the connection target beam. A base station device among the one or more base station devices to execute paging of the terminal device and a beam to be used in the paging are controlled based on the information regarding the connection target beam.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a distributed storage method, a computer device, and a storage medium. The method includes: grouping a file to be stored to form a plurality of data packets; dividing all the data packets into at least three data fragments, in which, each data fragment includes a part of the plurality of data packets, and each data packet is added to at least two data fragments; storing each data fragment in a distributed storage node to perform distributed storage; recording a corresponding relationship between the data fragments and the data packets and a corresponding relationship between storage nodes and the data fragments; and deleting the file to be stored in local.

Abstract: A method performed by a first entity in a wireless communication system is provided. The method includes receiving a first request message for receiving a multicast service from a second entity, detecting information about a multicast session identifier (ID) from the first request message, requesting information about a fourth entity corresponding to the multicast session ID from a third entity when the first entity does not correspond to the information about the multicast session ID, receiving the information about the fourth entity corresponding to the multicast session ID, identifying the fourth entity based on the information about the fourth entity, transmitting a multicast session join request message to the fourth entity, and receiving a message accepting multicast session join from the fourth entity.

Abstract: An aspect of the disclosure includes a method for adjusting a multicast broadcast service area. According to an exemplary embodiment, the method may include, but is not limited to, the following steps. A cell list in a session update request message is obtained. An old broadcast target area for a multicast broadcast service is adjusted to a new broadcast target area for the multicast broadcast service according to the cell list. At least one base station is controlled to allocate or release radio spectrum resources for the multicast broadcast service.

Abstract: A base station of a wireless communication system is disclosed. The base station of the wireless communication includes a communication module; and a processor configured to control the communication module. The processor receives a radio resource control (RRC) signal from a base station of the wireless communication system through the communication module and determines a time-frequency resource corresponding to at least one resource-set indicated by the RRC signal. The processor receives a physical control channel from the base station through the communication module, determines a time-frequency resource domain in which physical data channel reception of the terminal is scheduled by the physical control channel, and receives a physical data channel based on a time-frequency resource in which the physical data channel reception of the terminal is scheduled and a time-frequency resource in which the at least one resource-set overlap. The resource-set is a set of time-frequency resources.

Abstract: A method of controlling performance of a wireless device is performed by a node that is in electronic communication with a cellular network. The node includes a processor, a non-transitory memory, and a network interface. The method includes receiving a performance value characterizing a performance of a communication channel between a wireless device and a wireless access point. In some implementations, the wireless device and the cellular network are associated with different radio access technologies (RATs). The method includes determining whether the performance value breaches a performance criterion for the wireless device. The method includes adjusting a first amount of data transmitted to the wireless device from a base station of the cellular network and a second amount of data transmitted to the wireless device from the wireless access point. In some implementations, the combined first and second amounts of data satisfy the performance criterion for the wireless device.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a repeater node may transmit a capability report that includes an indication of one or more capabilities of the repeater node, wherein the capability report includes one or more of a duplexing mode report, an indication of one or more latency values associated with one or more processing modes of the repeater node, or an indication of a duplexing communication capability of the repeater node. The repeater node may receive, from a control node, a configuration, for a digital repeating operation, that is based at least in part on the capability report. Numerous other aspects are described.

Abstract: The present technology aims to achieve flexible transition of a communication apparatus from a centralized communication mode to another mode. A communication apparatus includes: a transition information generation unit that generates a plurality of pieces of different transition information related to transition from a first mode in which centralized communication is performed by an access point to a second mode in which no centralized communication by an access point is performed; and a frame generation unit that generates a frame containing the transition information.

Abstract: When a base station is capable of using multiple different types of waveforms for a downlink communication to a UE, the UE may waste processing resources attempting to receive and/or process the downlink communication. For example, the UE may cycle through various possible types of waveforms in an attempt to process the downlink communication. Techniques described herein use waveform signaling for downlink communications to notify the UE of a type of waveform being used for a downlink communication, thereby conserving UE resources (e.g., processing resources, memory resources, RF resources, and/or the like) that would otherwise be wasted attempting to process the downlink communication using multiple types of waveforms.

Abstract: A communication system is disclosed in which a base station receives, from at least one further base station, information identifying at least one respective tracking area associated with at least one cell of each further base station. The base station also receives, from a core network, information identifying a registration area for a user equipment (UE). The base station defines, based on the received information identifying at least one respective tracking area and the received information identifying a registration area, a radio access network (RAN) based notification area for the UE.

Abstract: Aspects of the present application provide methods and device for use in User Equipment (UE) cooperation. UE cooperation may include the cooperating UEs (CUEs) forwarding traffic to or from one or more target UEs (TUEs) with redundant signal transmissions or receptions. Methods involve a base station transmitting configuration information to at least one cooperative user equipment (CUE) and to a target user equipment (TUE). The configuration information includes an indication of resources for a sidelink (SL) transmission and a redundancy parameter for the SL transmission. The SL transmission is a transmission for the at least one CUE to forward a packet intended for the TUE. The base station also transmits the packet intended for the TUE, to a plurality of UEs comprising the at least one CUE and the TUE.

Abstract: A wireless device receives radio resource control messages including configuration parameters, of a multicast and broadcast service (MBS), that include parameters of a semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) indicating periodic radio resources, and at least one feedback indicator, for the SPS, indicating a feedback type from a plurality of feedback types. The feedback types include acknowledgement-negative acknowledgement feedback, negative acknowledgement only feedback, and disabled feedback. A downlink control information is received indicating an activation of the SPS. A transport block of the MBS is received via the periodic radio resources of the SPS. Based on the feedback indicator, feedback information for the transport block is transmitted.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for initiating transient sessions on a communal device. An example method includes a device detecting a user device within a threshold distance of the device. The device can transmit control instructions to the user device for a response from the user device based on the detection, the response comprising an indication as to whether to initiate a transient session of a streaming service. The device can transmit, to an application server, a request for a transient session token based on the response from the user device. The device can receive, from the application server, the transient session token, the transient session token including an expiration parameter. The device can initiate the transient session based on the transient session token, the transient session comprising presenting content provided by the application server on a presentation device. The device can terminate the transient session based on the expiration parameter.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a communication feedback method including the following. A target subset is determined from a set of multicast receiving devices. A first control signaling is transmitted. The first control signaling is for instructing the target multicast receiver in the target subset to employ a first feedback mode. The first feedback mode is for feeding an ACK back when communication data transmitted by the multicast transmitter is received correctly and for feeding a NACK back when communication data transmitted by the multicast transmitter is not received correctly. The first control signaling is for instructing other multicast receivers outside the target subset to employ a second feedback mode. The second feedback mode is for not feeding back when communication data transmitted by the multicast transmitter is received correctly and for feeding the NACK back when communication data transmitted by the multicast transmitter is not received correctly.

Abstract: A mobility management processing method includes: receiving, by an SMF network element, a data notification message that includes a PDU session identifier and that is sent by a UPF network element, and determining, based on the PDU session identifier, a session and SSC mode corresponding to the PDU session identifier and/or a service area of the UPF network element, where the UPF network element is a network element that establishes a PDU session corresponding to the PDU session identifier; determining a paging area based on the SSC mode and/or the service area of the UPF network element; and sending a first message including the paging area to an AMF network element, where the first message is used to trigger the AMF network element to page, in the paging area, a terminal that establishes the PDU session by using the UPF network element.

Abstract: There are provided systems, methods, and interfaces for optimization of the fronthaul interface bandwidth for Radio Access Networks and Cloud Radio Access Networks.

Abstract: A user equipment (UE) receives a configuration from a base station for receiving multiple repetitions of a transmission in a slot aggregation. The UE receives an indication indicating one or more beams used for the multiple repetitions of the transmission. The UE receives a first repetition of the transmission in a first slot based on single frequency network (SFN) operation using at least one configuration that is different from a configuration used for receiving a second repetition in a second slot based on non-SFN operation. The UE optionally determines, based on the indication, whether repetitions within the multiple repetitions of the transmission are transmitted by the base station based on the SFN operation or the non-SFN operation.