Abstract: A UE of a wireless communication network first receives a modulation and coding scheme index IMCS for demodulating a physical layer data channel of the network. The UE then demodulates the physical layer data channel with a non-square quadrature amplitude modulation (NS-QAM) having a modulation order and code rate corresponding to a spectral efficiency (SPEFF) substantially equal to a SPEFF of a square QAM (S-QAM) SPEFF indicted by the IMCS, where the NS-QAM has an effective channel code rate no larger than the code rate for which the UE may skip decoding a transport block in an initial received transmission.

Abstract: A method of building an ad-hoc network of a wireless relay node and an ad-hoc network system are disclosed. The method includes verifying state information representing a relative distance and angle to a neighboring node capable of receiving data when each of relay nodes transmits the data, determining an action representing a change over time of each relay node, determining, based on an amount of change in a network throughput determined according to the state information and an amount of energy consumption according to the action, a reward corresponding to the action, and building a network including a source node, a destination node, and a plurality of relay nodes by generating, based on a reward of each of the relay nodes, a policy that allows a cumulative reward to be maximized.

Abstract: A method and device are disclosed from the perspective of a User Equipment-to-User Equipment (UE-to-UE) Relay. In one embodiment, the method includes the UE-to-UE Relay establishing a first PC5 unicast link with a first UE and establishes a second PC5 unicast link with a second UE. The method further includes the UE-to-UE Relay initiating a Layer-2 link release procedure to release the second PC5 unicast link if a sidelink radio link failure is detected on the first PC5 unicast link.

Abstract: A communication system may include an access point (AP), user equipment (UE) device, and reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS). The UE may control the RIS by transmitting control signals that configure antenna elements on the RIS. The RIS may reflect wireless signals between the UE and the AP. The RIS may be known to the network. The UE may transmit a report to the AP that includes information about the RIS. The UE may receive assistance information from the AP. The UE may control the RIS based at least in part on the assistance information. The UE may transmit measurement reports to the AP. The AP may update its signal beams based on the information about the RIS and the measurement reports. Providing the network with awareness of the RIS may serve to optimize the wireless performance of the UE device and/or the network.

Abstract: Aspects are provided allowing a UE to transmit repetitions of an ULT, PEI-R, or other uplink reference signal for on-demand SSB, RMSI, or paging transmissions. A base station initially transmits an indication of a configured uplink repetition mode, which may comprise a first, second, or third mode in which a one-to-one, one-to-many, or many-to-many mapping exists between downlink reference signals and uplink occasions, respectively. Afterwards, the UE receives downlink reference signals via different transmission beams of the base station. In response to the downlink reference signals, the UE transmits an uplink reference signal repetition in one or more uplink occasions associated with one or more of the downlink reference signals according to the configured uplink repetition mode. In response to the uplink reference signal repetition, the base station may transmit a SSB, RMSI, or paging message. Thus, a balance between network energy savings and uplink signal reliability may be achieved.

Abstract: A reconfigurable intelligent surface includes a radiant layer, a sensing feeding circuit layer, a processing layer and a controlling circuit layer. The radiant layer includes at least two antennas and a plurality of reflecting units. Each of the at least two antennas is configured for sensing a polarization, a frequency or a direction angle of an incident electromagnetic wave. The reflecting units are arranged to form a reflecting surface. The sensing feeding circuit layer is signally connected to the antennas. The processing layer is signally connected to the sensing feeding circuit layer, and the processing layer is configured to produce a controlling signal corresponding thereto. The controlling circuit layer is signally connected to the radiant layer and the processing layer, wherein the controlling circuit layer receives the controlling signal and controls the reflecting units according to the controlling signal to adjust and form a reflecting electromagnetic wave.

Abstract: The embodiments of the present application relate to the field of wireless communications, and provide a device-to-device relay processing method, device and apparatus, and a storage medium, which are used for implementing an activation or deactivation function of the device-to-device relay. Said method includes according to channel quality information of a direct link between a first device and at least two second devices, the first device determining a processing manner of the first device for a device-to-device relay function, the processing manner including activating the device-to-device relay function or deactivating the device-to-device relay function.

Abstract: The system (1) of the invention is configured to receive information relating to relay devices (11, 17-19) present in a certain spatial area and determine relay configuration information for the relay devices from the information. The relay configuration information instructs the relay devices when to receive and/or relay data units and when not to receive and/or relay data units. The system is further configured to transmit the relay configuration information to the relay devices. The relay device of the invention is configured receive a data unit from a further device (21) or not in dependence on the received relay configuration information and/or relay a received data unit to the cellular communication network (31) or not in dependence on the received relay configuration information.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A mobile integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node may transmit, to an IAB supported network, an indication of IAB capability. The mobile IAB node may also indicate to the IAB supported network a mobility status associated with the mobile IAB node. The IAB supported network may conditionally determine authorization for the mobile IAB node based on the mobility status, a subscription status, or both. The IAB supported network may transmit, to the mobile IAB node, instruction to operate in an IAB mode and perform the IAB operation. The mobile IAB node may communicate with one or more devices based on the instruction.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a first type node (AP1) in a wireless communication system, wherein the first type node (AP1) is adapted to: communicate with at least one neighboring first type node (APO, AP2) via a corresponding backhaul channel (H10, H21); receive communication from at least one overheard second type node (U3k) via a corresponding overheard access channel (h3k_1), the overheard second type node (U3k) being adapted to normally communicate with a serving first type node (AP3); instruct at least one overheard second type node (U3k) to pause transmission to the serving first type node (AP3) at time instants (T+2) when the first type node (AP1) is going to receive a certain signal (x3k(T)) from the neighboring first type node (AP2), where the certain signal (x3k(T)) is intended to be received by the first type node (AP1) without interference from said overheard second type node (U3k).

Abstract: A data transfer method, apparatus and device, and a computer-readable storage medium are provided. The method executed by a third node includes sending a first request message to a fourth node, and receiving a first response message sent by the fourth node, the first response message being indicative of connection of a first node to the fourth node through a second node. By the method, the connection of the first node to the fourth node through the second node is achieved.

Abstract: A disclosure of the present specification provides a server for controlling a telematics communication unit (TCU) mounted in a vehicle in a next generation mobile communication system. The server may comprise: a transceiver unit; and a processor for controlling the transceiver unit. The processor may perform the steps of: receiving information of a first channel state between the TCU and a base station and information of a second channel state between the TCU and an electronic device in the vehicle; on the basis of the first and second channel state information, generating a first table based on data rates of downlink sections among the base station, the TCU, and the electronic device in the vehicle; and transmitting downlink data to the TCU through the base station on the basis of the first table.

Abstract: A network switching method includes: in the case that a first network connection is established between the network device and a first terminal, instructing the first terminal to make a network connection with the network device through a second terminal. The first terminal is connected to the second terminal through a second network, and the second terminal is connected to the network device through the first network.

Abstract: An apparatus according to an aspect of the present disclosure is a mobile relay station mounted on a vehicle, including: an antenna system capable of transmitting and receiving radio waves both inside and outside the vehicle; and a wireless control station capable of controlling directivity of the antenna system and having a function of switching between a first relay mode and a second relay mode described below, wherein the wireless control station switches the first and second relay modes on or off based on predetermined control information. First relay mode: mode for relaying communication between a wireless communication device outside the vehicle and a wireless communication device inside the vehicle. Second relay mode: mode for relaying communication between a wireless communication device outside the vehicle and another wireless communication device outside the vehicle.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a first type node (AP3) in a wireless communication system (1), wherein the first type node (AP3) is adapted to: —communicate with at least one other first type node (AP2) in the wireless communication system (1) over a corresponding backhaul channel (H32) by means of one of at least one type of signal relaying that employs decoding and encoding, and —communicate with a corresponding group of second type nodes (U31, U32) via a corresponding access channel (h31, h32), each group of second type nodes (U31, U32) comprising at least one second type node (U31, U32).

Abstract: An embodiment is a method for operating a relay User Equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the method comprising steps for the relay UE to: measure the link quality between a source UE and the relay UE; and receive information related to the link quality between the relay UE and a remote UE from the remote UE, wherein, when the relay UE does not know the Quality of Service (QoS) required for a message, resource reselection is performed on the basis of the difference between the link quality between the source UE and the relay UE and the link quality between the relay UE and the remote UE being greater than a preset value.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. For instance, a first user equipment (UE) may identify a configuration for an assisting node (AN) that includes an indication of a set of time resources during which the AN is active and an indication of location information that indicates communication direction information corresponding to communications via the AN during the set of time resources. The first UE may select a time resource from the set of time resources based on the indication of location information, a location of the first UE, and information associated with a packet for transmission from the first UE to a second UE via the assisting node. The first UE may transmit the packet over the selected time resource.

Abstract: The technologies described herein are generally directed to detecting reflective surfaces for use reflecting a signal from access point equipment to destination equipment in advanced networks, e.g., at least a fifth generation (5G) network. For example, a method described herein can include receiving from access point equipment, characteristic data representative of a characteristic of a beam of reflected light reflected by a reflective surface and detected by the access point equipment. The method can further include, based on the characteristic and a first geographic location of the access point equipment, mapping a second geographic location of the reflective surface. Further, the method can include, storing location information corresponding to the second geographic location of the reflective surface, resulting in a stored surface location.

Abstract: There are provided methods and systems for scheduling downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) transmissions in one or more Point-to-Multipoint (PTMP) IEEE 802.11 orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) based wireless communication networks, each network comprising one or more IEEE 802.11 OFDMA based Access Points (APs) wherein each AP of said one or more APs comprises associate one or more IEEE 802.11 OFDMA stations (STAs), the method comprising the steps of: synchronizing the one or more STAs within each network using one or more synchronization signals transmitted between the one or more APs and the one or more STAs; allocating one or more Framing Slots, wherein each Framing Slot having a fixed time duration; dividing each Framing Slot of said one or more Framing Slots into DL burst transmission and UL burst transmission periods wherein the DL burst transmission periods comprise one or more DL Data Units Bursts and continuously scheduling by said one or more IEEE 802.

Abstract: Aspects described herein relate to sidelink-assisted virtual multi-link. In one aspect, for example, a relay node may serve as an additional virtual antenna panel for a UE by receiving downlink data from a base station via an access link, or receiving uplink data from the UE via a sidelink. The relay node may forward the downlink data to the UE via sidelink, or the uplink data to the base station via the access link. In another aspect, a base station may determine, for a UE, quasi-colocation (QCL) information and a grant for one or both of one or more access link resources or one or more sidelink resources. The base station may further transmit, to the UE, the QCL information and the grant on a downlink communication channel.

Abstract: A communication method includes receiving, by a terminal device comprising a processor, indication information from a master node. The indication information is used to indicate that a key used for signaling transmission performed between the terminal device and a first secondary node by using a second signaling radio bearer (SRB) is a first key. The first key is used for signaling transmission performed between the terminal device and the master node by using a first SRB. The first secondary node and the master node share one central unit. The communication method also includes determining, by the terminal device, based on the indication information, that the first key is used for signaling transmission performed between the terminal device and the first secondary node by using the second SRB.

Abstract: A method includes: receiving, at a first layer of a protocol stack, multiple code blocks from a base station, the multiple code blocks is a portion of a transport block and is associated with an error rate; transmitting, to a second layer of the protocol stack, the multiple code blocks; and determining, at the second layer and based on the error rate, whether to (1) store the multiple code blocks in memory or (2) process the multiple code blocks. A method for saving power in a physical (PHY) layer-to-medium access (MAC) layer interface and a network device, and a system are also provided.

Abstract: A communication device includes a receiver, a transmitter and a control circuit. The receiver is configured to receive, from an infrastructure equipment of a mobile communications network, downlink signals on a downlink via a wireless access interface of the mobile communications network. The transmitter is configured to transmit, to the infrastructure equipment, uplink signals on an uplink via the wireless access interface. The control circuit is configured to control the receiver to receive the downlink signals and control the transmitter to transmit the uplink signals. The control circuit is further configured to delay a reception period for the receiver to receive the downlink signals after a transmission period in which the transmitter transmits the uplink signals when a duration of the transmission period exceeds a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a RF signal repeater switchable between SISO and MIMO comprises: a controller; a first transmitter path switchably coupled to first donor and coverage antennas; a second transmitter path switchably coupled to second donor and coverage antennas; a first receiver path switchably coupled to the first donor and coverage antennas; a second receiver path switchably coupled to the second donor and coverage antennas. The controller configures the repeater for a MIMO TDD operating mode by: configuring the first transmitter path and the second receiver path to repeat at least a first MIMO channel of UE uplink RF signals and at least a first MIMO channel of base station downlink RF signals; and configuring the second transmitter path and the first receiver path to repeat at least a second MIMO channel of UE uplink RF signals and at least a second MIMO channel of base station downlink RF signals.

Abstract: A method of connection establishment through a relay UE for a remote UE is proposed. The remote and relay UEs first perform discovery and establish a PC5 radio resource control (PC5-RRC) connection. Upon receiving a request from the remote UE, the relay UE and a serving gNB perform a relaying procedure for establishment of the remote UE's signalling radio bearer 1 (SRB1). The relay UE configures PC5 RLC channels for relaying of SRB1 towards the remote UE. The remote UE then enters an RRC_CONNECTED state. The remote UE and gNB establish security. The gNB configures additional data radio bearers (DRBs) for relaying. The relay UE configures PC5 RLC channels for relaying of the additional DRBs towards the remote UE. The DRBs can then be used for exchange of data between the remote UE and the gNB.

Abstract: A communication management resource receives input indicating presence of a pair of wireless stations including a first wireless station and a second wireless station in a network environment. Based on a determined amount of adjacent channel interference between the first wireless station and the second wireless station, the communication management resource generates an adjacent channel interference value. The communication management resource assigns the adjacent channel interference value to the pair of wireless stations. The adjacent channel interference value indicates an estimate of adjacent channel interference between the first wireless station and the second wireless station. In a network of wireless stations, the adjacent channel interference value is used as a basis to identify pairs of wireless stations that are susceptible to adjacent channel interference.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A first network coding device may determine to hand over retransmission of a packet (e.g., the task of retransmitting the packet) to a second network coding device, and the first network coding device may use the techniques described herein to perform the handover. In one aspect, the first network coding device may transmit a negative acknowledgment (NACK) to a user equipment (UE) that originally transmitted the packet, and the UE may transmit a request for any of one or more network coding devices to take over retransmission of the packet. In another aspect, the first network coding device may transmit a request for any of one or more network coding devices to take over retransmission of the packet.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may transmit, to a first source UE of two or more source UEs, an indication of a first resource allocation for transmitting first data. The UE may transmit, to a second source UE of the two or more source UEs, an indication of a second resource allocation for transmitting second data. The UE may receive, from the first source UE, the first data using the first resource allocation. The UE may receive, from the second source UE, the second data using the second resource allocation. The UE may transmit the first data and the second data to at least one destination UE. Numerous other aspects are described.

Abstract: In supporting multiple connectivity services, a remote UE establishes a PC5 unicast link with a Layer-2 UE-to-Network relay UE. Furthermore, the remote UE establishes at least two connectivity services with at least two data networks over the PC5 unicast link.

Abstract: An example method may include configuring a pattern of a sounding packet of a first wireless node in a resource space. Configuring the pattern may include assigning first precoders to a first subset of the resource space for a first antenna sector of the first wireless node; and assigning second precoders to a second subset of the resource space for a second antenna sector of the first wireless node. The method may include wirelessly transmitting the sounding packet with the configured pattern to a second wireless node. The method may include transmitting data packets from the first wireless node to the second wireless node according to one or more transmission parameters that are at least one of received from the second wireless node or determined based on channel state information (CSI) feedback received from the second wireless node.

Abstract: Aspects presented herein may enable a remote UE to notify a base station about the availability of a relay UE that is not connected to the base station. In one aspect, a remote UE transmits, to a relay UE, a relay request via sidelink, the relay UE being in an RRC inactive mode. The remote UE receives, from the relay UE via the sidelink, an indication of relay availability in response to the relay request. The remote UE receives, from a base station, a configuration for relay of communication from the base station over the sidelink between the remote UE and the relay UE. The remote UE transmits or receives user data from the base station through the relay UE based on the configuration.

Abstract: Aspects described herein relate to establishing a control connection with at least a first node and a second node for receiving control information for providing a repeater function between two or more wireless nodes. Control information can be communicated over the control connection from one or more of at least the first node or the second node. The repeater can provide, based on the control information, the repeater function between the two or more wireless nodes. Other aspects relate to establishing a control connection with a first node for receiving control information for providing a repeater function for one or more upstream nodes, receiving control information over the control connection, determining a conflict in receiving the control information or a conflict within the control information for two or more upstream nodes, and providing, based on the control information and conflict, the repeater function for the one or more upstream nodes.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide example communication methods and example devices. One example method includes sending information to a first node, where the information includes at least one of information about a first group of logical channel identities (LCIDs) or information about a second group of LCIDs, the first group of LCIDs includes an LCID used for access traffic, and the second group of LCIDs includes an LCID used for backhaul traffic. Another information can then be sent to the first node, where the another information is used to configure a radio link control (RLC) bearer of the first node, the RLC bearer includes a RLC layer entity and a logical channel, and when an LCID corresponding to the logical channel belongs to the first group of LCIDs, an upper protocol layer of a RLC layer is a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer or an F1 interface protocol layer.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a base station may receive, via a first interface of a repeater, information associated with a second interface of the repeater. The base station may determine a configuration for the second interface of the repeater based at least in part on the information associated with the second interface, and may communicate the configuration for the second interface of the repeater via the first interface. In some aspects, a repeater may transmit, to a base station via a first interface, information associated with a second interface of the repeater. The repeater may receive, via the first interface, a configuration for the second interface, and may configure the second interface based at least in part on the configuration. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a wireless communication device may receive, from a base station, information associated with training or configuring an assisting device to provide assistance for a unicast link of a user equipment (UE). The wireless communication device may train the assisting device based at least in part on the information associated with the training or configuring the assisting device. Numerous other aspects are described.

Abstract: Some aspects of this disclosure include apparatuses and methods for implementing a hibernation mode for multi-link wireless communication networks such as a wireless local area network (WLAN). For example, some aspects relate to a multi-link device (MLD) including a first station (STA) associated with a first link of a wireless network and configured to communicate with a second MLD over the first link. The MLD also includes a second STA associated with a second link of the wireless network. The second STA is in a hibernation mode. The MLD also includes one or more processors communicatively coupled to the first and second STAs and configured to control operations of the first and second STAs.

Abstract: A node performs multi-hop communication. The node includes a relay node determiner that determines a relay node from a plurality of relay node candidates having path information of a path to a master node. The relay node performs relaying. At least when communication frequencies of the relay node candidates are within a predetermined range, the relay node determiner determines the relay node so that a relay node candidate with a higher communication frequency is more likely to be determined as the relay node than a relay node candidate with a lower communication frequency.

Abstract: A method for a node used for wireless communication and an apparatus are provided. A first node receives a plurality of pieces of beam information and a plurality of time resource sets. The plurality of time resource sets are associated with the plurality of pieces of beam information respectively. At least two of the plurality of time resource sets each comprises a first time resource. At least two pieces of beam information respectively associated with the at least two time resource sets are different. At least one of the at least two pieces of beam information is used to determine that a NCR-Fwd is in a first state on a first time resource, the first state is one of a plurality of candidate states including at least two of a stopping state, applying one or more first-type beams for transmissions, or applying one or more first-type beams for receptions.

Abstract: Examples described herein include apparatuses and methods for full duplex device-to-device cooperative communication. Example systems described herein may include self-interference noise calculators. The output of a self-interference noise calculator may be used to compensate for the interference experienced due to signals transmitted by another antenna of the same wireless device or system. In implementing such a self-interference noise calculator, a selected wireless relaying device or wireless destination device may operate in a full-duplex mode, such that relayed messages may be transmitted as well as information from other sources or destinations during a common time period (e.g., symbol, slot, subframe, etc.).

Abstract: Provided is a method for stably and flexibly performing ranging between a plurality of devices. According to an embodiment, a method of operating a first device for performing ranging by using ultra-wide band (UWB) may include: transmitting a first ranging control (RC) frame to a second device; performing ranging with the second device for a number of ranging rounds determined based on the first RC frame; changing at least one ranging parameter based on a change request received from the second device; and transmitting a second RC frame including the changed at least one ranging parameter.

Abstract: [Subject] To realize FeD2D communication with higher quality. [Solving Means] A communication apparatus includes: an acquisition unit that acquires, from another apparatus, information regarding a state of communication through a resource pool allocated to wireless links between at least part of a plurality of relay communication apparatuses, which are movable, and a remote communication apparatus; and a control unit that individually controls allocation of the resource pool to each of the wireless links between each of the plurality of relay communication apparatuses and the remote communication apparatus associated with the relay communication apparatus on the basis of the acquired information.

Abstract: Systems, apparatus, user equipment (UE), evolved node B (eNB), computer readable media, and methods are described for scheduling of multiple uplink transmissions in unlicensed spectrum. One embodiment involves receiving, at an eNB, a first uplink scheduling request from a UE, scheduling a plurality of uplink subframes on the unlicensed channel in response to the first uplink scheduling request, and initiating transmission of a first subframe to the first UE in response to the scheduling of the plurality of uplink subframes, wherein the first subframe comprises one or more downlink control indicators (DCIs) allocating the plurality of uplink subframes to the first UE.

Abstract: Disclosed in the present invention are a wireless communication method and a wireless communication device. An electronic device in communication with a counterpart communication device comprises a processing circuit, the processing circuit being configured to: determine the state of a link between the electronic device and the counterpart communication device by means of measuring a link maintenance message transmitted by the counterpart communication device when a predetermined condition relative to the counterpart communication device is met, but not to transmit a feedback message for the link maintenance message, wherein the link maintenance message is used for confirming that the link is maintained between the electronic device and the counterpart communication device.

Abstract: A communication apparatus operable in both a base station mode and a terminal mode, obtains identification information of a first wireless network to be connected in the terminal mode; and establishes, when operating in the base station mode, a second wireless network having the same identification information as the obtained identification information.

Abstract: A relay supporting multiple relay modes is provided. The relay transmits capability information to a base station, the capability information indicating support for a first relay mode and a second relay mode. The relay determines a mode of operation, either on its own or based on an indication of a mode of operation from the base station, wherein the mode of operation comprises the first relay mode or the second relay mode. The relay communicates with at least one of the base station or another wireless device based at least in part on the determined mode of operation.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a network entity for a wireless network system. The network entity is configured to obtain an ingress time of a received packet, the ingress time indicating the time at which the packet enters the network system, determine time information regarding the packet based on the ingress time, and provide the time information to another network entity. A further network entity for a wireless network system is configured to obtain time information regarding a received packet from another network entity, and obtain an egress time of the packet, the egress time indicating a time at which the packet leaves the network system, based on the time information. This disclosure also relates to the network entities that are configured to synchronize an internal time valid at the network entities with an external time valid at an external network entity.

Abstract: This disclosure provides techniques for recovery techniques to address link failure in multi-hop backhaul relay network. For example, a central unit (CU) node receives, uplink transmissions originating from a user equipment (UE) via a backhaul relay including a first distributed unit (DU) node and a second DU node. The CU then receives a first UL status message associated with a link failure between the first DU node the second DU node. Then the CU generates a second UL status message indicating a sequence number (SN) of a lost packet caused by the link failure or a SN of a last successfully received packet before the link failure, and transmits the second UL status message to the first DU node.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a distributed unit (DU) is configured to do the following in connection with wirelessly transmitting user data to a UE using less than all of a plurality of radio units (RUs): include, in one or more user-plane messages for that UE that are communicated to the RUs, common header fields that contain a RU mask field for storing a bit mask comprising a plurality of bit positions. Each bit position is associated with a respective one of the RUs. Each RU is configured to: use the respective RU mask field included in any user-plane messages received by that RU in order to determine if the received user-plane message is intended for that RU and use the received message if the received message is intended for that RU and discard the received message if the received message is not intended for that RU.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for relay path selection in wireless communications are described, where multiple relay paths are available between a source and a destination. A first node (e.g., a source node or destination node) may determine reference signal resources for a set of reference signals to be transmitted between the first node and a second node through a corresponding relay path of a set of relay paths. The first node may receive the set of reference signals measure one or more parameters for each reference signal. Alternatively, the first node may transmit the set of reference signals and receive an indication of one or more measured parameters from the second node. The first node may determine a set of end-to-end metrics for the set of relay paths, and select a relay path for communications with the second node based on the set of end-to-end metrics.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to the technical field of communications, and in particular, to a method for establishing a communication connection after a device is offline and a smart home system. The method for establishing the communication connection after the device is offline comprises: whether a first device is in an offline state in a Wi-Fi network under a wireless router is determined; when the first device is in the offline state, the first device is connected to at least one second device in Wi-Fi connection with the wireless router; and the first device establishes a communication connection with the wireless router by means of the second device. According to the method provided by the disclosure, an offline terminal can establish a communication connection with the wireless router by means of other terminals under the wireless router.