Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. In some cases, a first user equipment (UE) within a coverage area of a base station may determine a power control configuration. The first UE may transmit an indication of the power control configuration to a second UE, which may adjust one or more power control parameters based on the indication. The one or more power control parameters may include a target received power, a compensation factor, a downlink path loss between the base station and the first UE, or a combination thereof. The second UE may use the adjusted one or more power control parameters to determine a transmit power and may transmit a message to the first UE with the determined transmit power. In some cases, the second UE may be outside of the coverage area of the base station.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for direct TB forwarding. In aspects, a relay node receives, from a source node, an indication to directly forward one or more TBs to one or more destination nodes, wherein directly forwarding includes transmitting a TB of the one or more TBs to the one or more destination nodes through only a PHY layer and a HARQ portion of a MAC layer in a protocol stack of the relay node, receives, from the source node, control information for one or more data channels configuring: one DL grant and two or more SL grants, or two or more DL grants and one SL grant, decoding one or more TBs based, at least in part, on the control information, and directly forwards the one or more TBs to the one or more destination nodes based on the indication and the control information.

Abstract: A device that comprises a plurality of distributed transceivers, a central processor and a network management engine may be configured to function as relay device, relaying an input data stream from a source device to at least one other device. The relaying may include configuring one or more of the plurality of distributed transceivers to particular mode of relay operation and receiving the input data stream from the source device via at least one of the configured one or more of the plurality of distributed transceivers. The relaying may also include transmitting at least one relay data stream corresponding to the input data stream to the at least one other device, via at least one of the configured one or more of the plurality of distributed transceivers.

Abstract: A relay selection method and apparatus and a system. The method includes: relay equipment broadcasts relay discovery information, the relay discovery information including identifier information (a relay UE ID) of the relay equipment and identifier information (a cell ID) of a serving cell of the relay equipment, so that remote terminal receiving the relay discovery information selects relay equipment according to the relay discovery information or transmits relay information of discovered relay equipment to an eNB, thus the eNB may select relay equipment for the remote terminal. With certain embodiments, the serving cell may learn a cell where a relay to which the terminal accesses is located, so as to perform configuration for the terminal or perform path switching of downlink data.

Abstract: Provided is a method for performing relay forwarding on integrated access and backhaul (IAB) links. The method includes receiving, by a first IAB node, a data packet; and transmitting, by the first IAB node, the data packet to an IAB donor. Further provided are an information acquisition method, an IAB node, an IAB donor node and a storage medium.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure relate to wireless communication systems configured to provide user equipment (UE)-specific slot structures based on the individual propagation delay experienced by each UE. In some examples, the duration of uplink transmissions for a particular UE within a slot may be configured based on the propagation delay between the base station and that particular UE. For example, the duration of an uplink burst and/or an uplink traffic transmission may be configured based on the propagation delay. In addition, a downlink burst within a slot may be configured for a particular UE on the propagation delay experienced by that UE. Downlink traffic transmissions may further be configured for the cell based on the maximum propagation delay experienced by the UEs in the cell.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a data transmission method and apparatus, and belongs to the field of Internet technology. The method includes: determining whether a to-be-sent video data packet exists each time a preset data sending cycle is reached; if the to-be-sent video data packet does not exist, selecting at least one video data packet, a number of times the at least one video data packet has been sent satisfying a preset sending-times condition and total data volume of the at least one video data packet satisfying a preset expected data-volume condition, from sent video data packets based on a number of times each of the sent video data packets has been sent, and determining a filling data packet according to selected video data packet; and sending the filling data packet to a receiving terminal.

Abstract: A method includes sending, by a serving node, instruction information to an anchor node, where the instruction information is used to instruct to establish a first interface between the serving node and the anchor node; and receiving, by the serving node, response information from the anchor node in response to the first instruction information, wherein the radio resource control message carried in a signaling radio bearer 1 (SRB1) of the terminal is served by the anchor node, and the radio resource control message carried in a signaling radio bearer 0 (SRB0) of the terminal is served by the serving node.

Abstract: A method for a relay terminal to transmit and receive signals in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a step for transmitting and receiving signals to and from an upper layer node through a backhaul link in a first interval; and a step for transmitting and receiving signals to and from at least one lower layer node through an access link in a second interval, wherein the first interval includes an interval in which signals can be transmitted to and received from the upper layer node and only a first specific signal can be transmitted to and received from the at least one lower layer node, and the second interval includes an interval in which signals can be transmitted to and received from the at least one lower layer node and only a second specific signal can be transmitted to and received from the upper layer node.

Abstract: A method performed by STA may comprise receiving, from a first AP, a first beacon frame comprising a first relay information element including a first field that indicates whether a root AP BSSID field is included in the first relay information element, determining that a first root AP BSSID field is included in the first relay information element and determining that the first AP is a relay AP of a root AP identified by the first root AP BSSID field. The method may further comprise receiving, from a second AP, a second beacon frame comprising a second relay information element including a second field that indicates whether a root AP BSSID is included in the second relay information element and determining that a root AP BSSID field is not included in the second information element and determining that the second AP is a root AP.

Abstract: A method is provided, including the following operations: executing a cloud video game in a data center; streaming video generated by the executing cloud video game over a network to a client device; deploying a cloud gaming proxy to an edge compute that is proximate to the client device; wherein the cloud gaming proxy buffers the video and retransmits lost packets of the video to the client device.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for enhancing communication and performance for a device backhauled by a wireline communication network. In one embodiment, the device comprises a small-cell or other wireless base station that is backhauled by a DOCSIS system within a managed HFC network, and the method and apparatus enable enhanced communication between the small cell/base station and the backhaul network so as to support “rate matching” between the device to mitigate packet overflow or other issues. In one implementation, enhanced cable modem (CM) and base station devices coordinate to inform the base station of the modulation order (and/or other parameters related to transmission of the data destined for the base station on the backhaul) so that the base station can selectively invoke utilization of higher-order modulation and/or coding schemes, as well as spatial multiplexing or beamforming.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for priority handling for ProSe Communications. A relay wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may act as a relay between the network and the remote WTRU. The relay WTRU may receive a temporary mobile group identity (TMGI) request message from a remote WTRU. The TMGI request message may include a TMGI, a ProSe per packet priority level associated with the TMGI, etc. The relay WTRU may receive an evolved multimedia broadcast multicast service (eMBMS) data packet from a network. The eMBMS may be associated with the TMGI. The relay WTRU may apply the received ProSe per packet priority level associated with the TMGI to the received eMBMS data packet. The relay WTRU may relay the eMBMS data packet to the remote WTRU based on the ProSe per packet priority level. The relay WTRU may forward the eMBMS data packet to the remote WTRU via a PC5 interface.

Abstract: Improvement of data throughput via backhaul sharing is accomplished by accessing a cell site servicing data transmission at a first data rate and a connected backhaul network having a backhaul data rate. A determination of whether the first data rate exceeds the backhaul data rate is made and an excess data rate is determined. When the first data rate exceeds the backhaul data rate a neighboring cell site having a second backhaul networks is accessed. A determination is made of how much additional capacity the second backhaul network can handle. When the neighboring cell site can handle the excess data rate backhaul sharing using beamforming is initiated.

Abstract: A telecommunications (telecom) system includes remote radio head devices, a core network, and at least one telecom support unit providing communications connectivity between the remote radio head devices and the core network. The telecom support unit includes a housing, a clamp mechanically coupling the housing to a support structure for a streetlight, a powerline interface, and a high-bandwidth communication medium. The powerline interface is integrated or configured though a first wall of the housing and electromechanically coupled to a luminaire of the streetlight so as to receive utility power from the luminaire. The high-bandwidth communication medium interface is integrated or configured through a second wall of the housing and communicatively coupled to the remote radio head devices. The remote radio head devices may be mounted to one or more other streetlights. The telecom support unit may operate as a baseband device and/or a cellular data repeater device.

Abstract: The present application discloses methods, devices, and a system for controlling a Bluetooth device connected to a Bluetooth mesh network. A method includes receiving, by one or more processors associated with a server connected to a Bluetooth mesh network, a control request, wherein the control request is sent to the server by at least one Bluetooth gateway, and the at least one Bluetooth gateway is connected to the Bluetooth mesh network that received the control request sent by a user, and the control request corresponds to a request to control a to-be-controlled Bluetooth device, and controlling, by one or more processors, the to-be-controlled Bluetooth device via at least one Bluetooth gateway among a plurality of Bluetooth gateways connected to the Bluetooth mesh network, the to-be-controlled Bluetooth device being controlled based at least in part on the control request.

Abstract: Provided is an information transmission method and apparatus. The method applied to a first base station includes: acquiring related information of a terminal, where the related information is uplink information or downlink information, and includes traffic data and/or control information; sending the related information to the second base station through a common transmission channel between base stations. When the related information is uplink information, the first base station is a current serving base station of the terminal, the second base station is a previous serving base station of the terminal, and the uplink information is supplied to the second base station to be decoded. When the related information is downlink information, the second base station is the current serving base station, the first base station is the previous serving base station, and the downlink information is sent to the terminal to be decoded. Further provided is a computer storage medium.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to assisting communications with low data payloads with relay nodes. An example method generally includes forming a first cluster with a first wireless node and one or more second wireless nodes, wherein each of the second wireless nodes has a low data rate demand relative to a system bandwidth. The method also includes determining to serve as a relay node for the first cluster, generating a first set of packets for uplink transmission to a base station, receiving a second set of packets from the one or more second wireless nodes, combining the first set of packets and the second set of packets into an uplink payload based on the determination, and transmitting, to the base station, the uplink payload based on the determination.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) may determine that uplink data associated with a first quality of service flow is available for transmission to a base station. The UE may transmit a buffer status report to the base station. In some examples, the buffer status report may include a buffer status of the first quality of service flow. The UE may then receive an uplink grant based on transmitting the buffer status report, and may transmit the uplink data based on the uplink grant.

Abstract: Systems and techniques for transmitting and receiving uplink data between a terminal and a base station in a wireless communication system. In sonic implementations, a user equipment may transmit an uplink data signal of a predetermined symbol duration N times repeatedly before signal synchronization with a base station, where N is a natural number equal to or greater than 2.

Abstract: A device that comprises a plurality of distributed transceivers, a central processor and a network management engine may be configured to function as relay device, relaying an input data stream from a source device to at least one other device. The relaying may include configuring one or more of the plurality of distributed transceivers to particular mode of relay operation and receiving the input data stream from the source device via at least one of the configured one or more of the plurality of distributed transceivers. The relaying may also include transmitting at least one relay data stream corresponding to the input data stream to the at least one other device, via at least one of the configured one or more of the plurality of distributed transceivers.

Abstract: A communications device acting as a rely device is configured to transmit a buffer status report message indicating that the buffer is storing data received from the infrastructure equipment for transmission to a remote communications device, when predetermined conditions are satisfied or a trigger event occurs so that the transmission of the data to the remote communications device can make more efficient use of communications resources to transmit the data or the remote communications device receives the data when the remote communications device is in a state in which it should receive the data, for example when not in a reduced power state.

Abstract: A method and a system for processing uplink signals in cloud radio access networks are disclosed The system comprising a baseband unit and a number of remote radio heads. The baseband unit and the remote radio heads are connected through fronthaul links. When one remote radio head receives a signal transmitted from a user equipment, the remote radio head first encodes the received signal according to a post-coding matrix, then quantizes the encoded signal according to a number of quantization bits allocated to the user equipment, and finally transmits the quantized signal to the baseband unit.

Abstract: A registration method, a session establishment method, a terminal, and an access and mobility management function (AMF) entity, where the method includes: sending, by a terminal, a first message to the AMF entity, where the first message includes first information, first network slice selection information, and second network slice selection information, the first information includes information for requesting to establish a protocol data unit (PDU) session, the first network slice selection information is used by the AMF entity to select a first session management function (SMF) entity, and the second network slice selection information is used by the AMF entity to select a second SMF entity; and receiving, by the terminal, a second message from the AMF entity, where the second message includes second information, and the second information includes PDU session establishment accept information.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program product receive, at a network node of a communication network, information about an accumulated packet delay in the communication network. The method, apparatus and computer program product estimate next hop transport delay and estimate or measure a processing delay of the network node. The method, apparatus and computer program product update the accumulated packet delay by adding the next hop transport delay and the processing delay to the accumulated packet delay. The method, apparatus and computer program product cause transmission of information about the accumulated packet delay in a header of a packet carrying user data or a control packet in the communication network to a next hop node of the communication network.

Abstract: An apparatus including at least one processor and at least one memory including computer code for one or more programs, the at least one memory and the computer code configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus at least to: generate information for controlling dynamic allocation between backhaul and access links within time division duplex time slots; and convey the information to a relay node within an indicator in a downlink fixed time slot.

Abstract: Systems and methods for determining round trip time (RTT) includes a second node, which receives a first signal from a first node at a first time, determines a timing advance based on a first estimated channel response for the first signal, and transmits at a second time, a second signal to the first node, wherein the second time occurs after the first time by an amount of a pre-specified delay for RTT estimation minus the timing advance. The first node transmits the first signal to the second node at an initial time, receives the second signal from the second node, and determines a timing statistic from a second estimated channel response for the second signal, the timing statistic estimated at a third time. The first node determines the RTT as the third time minus the initial time minus the pre-specified delay for RTT estimation.

Abstract: Example communications systems, methods and network devices are described. One example method includes sending a first message by a first access network device to a core network device to enable the core network device to send a second message to a second access network device, where the first message includes an identity of the second network device. The first message is used to request for X2 transport network layer (TNL) configuration information of a third network device, and the third network device is a network device that has established an X2 connection to the second network device. The first network device receives the X2 TNL configuration information of the third access network device from the second access network device. Therefore, a network device connected to a control plane of a core network can obtain TNL addresses of more network devices that are not connected to the control plane of the core network.

Abstract: A method is provided for installing a new node in a wireless home network having a client network and includes a node able to form a mesh network. A connection of a new node to the client network supplied by the home network node is detected, and an identifier of a client device that is connected to the client network is received. If the client device is known to the home network: the new node is notified that the client device that is connected to the client network must be disconnected from the client network; a connection of the client device to the client network supplied by the node of the home network is detected; and identifiers of the mesh network are transferred to the new node if the connection of the disconnected client device to the client network supplied by the node of the domestic network is detected.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a repeater may determine a forwarding direction for a set of resources based at least in part on time division duplexing (TDD) information associated with the set of resources. The forwarding direction may indicate a direction associated with forwarding signals carried in the set of resources. The repeater may receive a signal in the set of resources, the signal being provided by a first wireless communication device. The repeater may selectively forward the signal to a second wireless communication device based at least in part on the determined forwarding direction. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Abstract: This disclosure provides methods, devices and systems for wireless communication, and particularly for address translation during multi-link operation in a wireless local area network (WLAN). The method may include establishing one or more wireless communication links with a station (STA) including a first wireless communication link. The method may include receiving, via the first wireless communication link, a first frame including a first address field that includes a first link media access control (MAC) address associated with the STA. The method may include determining that the STA is associated with a first network MAC address. The method may include removing the first link MAC address from the first address field of the first frame, and inserting the first network MAC address of the STA in a second address field of the first frame. The method may include transmitting the first frame to a first local area network (LAN) device.

Abstract: Embodiment techniques map parity bits to sub-channels based on their row weights. In one example, an embodiment technique includes polar encoding, with an encoder of the device, information bits and at least one parity bit using the polar code to obtain encoded data, and transmitting the encoded data to another device. The polar code comprises a plurality of sub-channels. The at least one parity bit being placed in at least one of the plurality of sub-channels. The at least one sub-channel is selected from the plurality of sub-channels based on a weight parameter.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a base station may receive a random access channel (RACH) message. The base station may determine, based at least in part on the RACH message, whether the RACH message was transmitted directly to the base station by a user equipment (UE) or whether the RACH message was relayed from the UE to the base station via a millimeter wave repeater. The base station may perform a beam management procedure based at least in part on the determination. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Abstract: Provided are a connection control method and device based on integrated access and backhaul (IAB) using 5G NR wireless communication technology. The method of a relay node for processing an RRC message may include: setting a donor base station with a signaling radio bearer or a higher layer protocol connection; receiving an RRC message transmitted from a terminal; and transmitting the RRC message to the donor base station or another relay node using the signaling radio bearer or a higher layer protocol.

Abstract: The present application relates to an electronic device in a wireless communication system, and a wireless communication method. The electronic device in a wireless communication system according to the present application comprises: a processing circuit, configured to perform a channel detection process in one or more beam directions of an unlicensed spectrum; and a transceiver circuit, configured to transmit a random access preamble sequence in one or more beam directions in which channels are detected as idle. The electronic device and the wireless communication method of the present application can implement a random access process on an unlicensed spectrum, improve the channel detection efficiency, and reduce the delay caused by the channel detection process.

Abstract: A configuration apparatus includes a processor and a memory. The processor is configured to obtain first data of a first device, the first data indicating that the first device is ready for network configuration. The memory is configured to store network configuration data of a second device. The processor is further configured to: obtain the network configuration data of the second device, and send the network configuration data to the first device, the network configuration data being used to configure the first device to be in a same network connection state as the second device. A power path exists between the first device and the second device, and at least one of the first data or the network configuration data is transmitted through the power path.

Abstract: The disclosure includes embodiments for a connected vehicle to form a vehicular micro cloud. In some embodiments, a method includes determining, by an onboard vehicle computer, that a queue is present in a roadway environment and that a vehicle that includes the onboard vehicle computer is present in the queue. The method includes causing a set of member vehicles to form a vehicular micro cloud in the roadway environment responsive to determining that the queue is present in the roadway environment so that determining that the queue is present triggers a formation of the vehicular micro cloud, where the vehicular micro cloud includes a set of vehicles which each share all of their unused vehicular computing resources with one another to generate a pool of vehicular computing resources that exceeds a total vehicular computing resources of any single member vehicle and is used to benefit the set of member vehicles.

Abstract: Provided are a base station, whereby the erroneous detection of control information can be reduced, thereby preventing the degradation of the system throughput. A base station maps a downstream allocation control information unit, which is addressed to a terminal, to a first resource region, which can be used for any of a downstream control channel region and a downstream data channel region, or to a second resource region, which can be used only for the downstream control channel, so as to transmit the downstream allocation control information unit. In the base station, a control unit establishes a scale of the PDCCH region, and a transmission region establishing unit establishes, on the basis of a scale value established by the control unit, a mapping region to which the DCI is mapped within the R-PDCCH region and the PDCCH region.

Abstract: A method includes building a wireless packet that includes a preamble that is compliant with a first wireless communication protocol and is forward compatible with a second wireless communication protocol that is different than the first wireless communication protocol. Building the wireless packet includes building the preamble with a first subset of bits that are specified in both the first wireless communication protocol and the second wireless communication protocol, the first subset of bits including one or more media access control (MAC) layer characteristics. Building the wireless packet includes building the preamble with a second subset of bits that are specified in the first wireless communication protocol exclusive of the second wireless communication protocol. The method further includes transmitting the wireless packet to one or more receiver nodes.

Abstract: One example method includes receiving, by a first node, a first message from a second node, wherein the first message is used to page a third node, instruct the third node to access a network, instruct the first node to provide a relay serving for the third node, instruct to set the third node to a low configuration mode, instruct to set the third node to a high configuration mode, or instruct to update system information. The first node can send a second message to a third node, where the second message is used to instruct the third node to access a network, instruct the third node to perform communication with a second node by using the first node, instruct to set the third node to a low configuration mode, instruct to set the third node to a high configuration mode, or instruct the third node to update system information.

Abstract: A method for restoring a wireless backhaul link includes: measuring the signal quality of a first wireless backhaul link between a first new radio (NR) host station being accessed by a NR wireless backhaul base station and the NR wireless backhaul base station; in a case that the signal quality of the first wireless backhaul link is less than a link reselection threshold corresponding to the NR wireless backhaul base station, beginning a new search for an adjacent NR host station; measuring signal quality of a second wireless backhaul link between the NR wireless backhaul base station and a second NR donor base station; and initiating, when the signal quality of the second wireless backhaul link being greater than a first threshold continues a duration exceeding a first time length, a random access request to the second NR donor base station, so as to establish a wireless backhaul link with the second NR donor base station.

Abstract: This document describes methods, devices, systems, procedures, and means of maintaining communication and signaling interfaces during network role transitions, such as a secondary node change or a handover. A source secondary base station holds a source donor Central Unit (Source CU) for its own Distributed Unit (source DU) and for the Distributed Unit(s) of the node base station(s) (node DU). The source secondary base station connects to the node base station via a first F1 interface. The node DU triggers handover of the node base station and connected User Equipment (UE) from the source secondary base station to a target secondary base station. The node base station creates Transport Network Layer (TNL) connectivity toward a target donor Central Unit (Target CU) and exchanges application layer configuration data with the Target CU via a wireless backhaul link implemented utilizing the TNL connectivity.

Abstract: A user equipment (UE) may experience poor communication with a network access device, and the network access device may configure the UE to connect to, and route communications through, one or more relay nodes (e.g., which may be another UE, a network operator-deployed relay, etc.). Techniques are described whereby these relay nodes may autonomously form a wireless backhaul network. Sequential implementations are considered such that the size of the wireless backhaul network may scale efficiently. In some examples, the wireless backhaul network may form by reusing existing connectivity establishment procedures. Importantly, the proposed techniques enable a relay to possess (e.g., be configured with) functionality that may traditionally be associated with a UE, base station, and gateway. Such multi-faceted functionality may enable the described sequential formation of wireless backhaul networks with tree topology.

Abstract: A method of transmitting a data payload from one or more network nodes. The method includes transmitting a first data packet from a network node of the one or more network nodes and subsequently transmitting a second data packet from the network node of the one or more network nodes. The first data packet includes a set of blocks arranged in a first order and the second data packet including the set of blocks arranged in a second order that is different from the first order. Each block of the set of blocks includes a different section of the data payload and the sections of the data payload included by blocks of the set of blocks together define the entire data payload.

Abstract: System and method of cooperative multi-band wireless STA communication that enables full duplex operations. Frames are configured to carry band information and are selected to be transmitted simultaneously in multiple bands based on various constraints to avoid out-of-order delivery. For frames under a block ACK agreement, a transmit STA can specify the transmission bands for the frames in an ADDBA request frame. While a first band is transmitting a first frame under a block ACK agreement, the second band can be used to transmit a frame under the same block ACK agreement as, and from the same traffic flow with, the first frame. Otherwise, the second band can only be used to transmit a frame with a different TID than the first frame.

Abstract: An active repeater device includes a primary sector and one or more secondary sectors, receives a first beam of input RF signals. A first set of analog baseband signals, are generated based on received first beam of input RF signals. The first set of analog baseband signals are converted to a first set of coded data signals and control information is extracted from the first set of coded data signals by decoding only a header portion of the first set of coded data signals without demodulation of data portion of the first set of coded data signals. Based on the extracted control information, the first set of coded data signals are transmitted as beams of output RF signals to remote user equipment. The transmission is independent of demodulation of the data portion within the active repeater device to reduce latency for transmission of the first set of coded data signals.

Abstract: Disclosed are techniques for wireless communication. In an aspect, a first user equipment (UE) establishes a radio resource control (RRC) connection for a communication session with a second UE, establishes a signaling radio bearer (SRB) for the communication session with the second UE on a first frequency band, sends, to the second UE over the SRB on the first frequency band, a first RRC message to establish a data radio bearer (DRB) for the communication session on a second frequency band, the first RRC message including one or more parameters for establishing the DRB on the second frequency band, and configures the DRB on the second frequency band based on the one or more parameters in the first RRC message and/or a device-to-device discovery procedure performed in the first frequency band.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose a resource configuration method and a device. The method includes: generating, by a transmit end device, configuration information, where the configuration information is used to indicate at least one resource bundling size, the resource bundling size belongs to a resource bundling size set, and the resource bundling size set corresponds to at least one system configuration parameter; and sending, by the transmit end device, the configuration information.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to data transmission methods. One example method is applied to a first communications device or a chip in the first communications device. The method includes obtaining first data, and sending, to a second communications device, a first message including the first data and a type identifier, where the type identifier is used to indicate a type of the first data, and the type of the first data includes at least one of user plane data, a status report, a control plane message, and a radio resource control RRC message of a terminal.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer-readable storage medium, and including a method for providing content. The method comprises receiving a first login request from a first device used by a user, the request being associated with a first anonymous identifier associated with the first device, and determining a user tag for the user, that does not include any personally identifiable information associated with the user. The method further comprises receiving a second login request from a second different device used by the user, the request being associated with a second different anonymous identifier associated with the second different device, and storing an association between the user tag, the first anonymous identifier and the second different anonymous identifier. The method further comprises receiving a request for content from either the first or second different device and providing content in response to the request using the association.