Abstract: Methods and apparatus for routing a packet in a network are described. The network has a topology characterized by a hierarchical structure of nodes including n layers. L represents a layer in the structure and is an integer with L=0 representing a lowest layer and L=n?1 representing a highest layer. The method includes receiving at least a packet header of a packet at a first node and based on the packet header, determining whether to transmit the packet to a second node in either layer L, layer L+1, or layer L?1. The packet can be transmitted to the second node as soon as the packet is received at the first node without waiting to receive the entire packet and without copying the packet prior to transmission from the first node.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for locally controlling the distribution of an application at an access point to a shared wireless network and of an application to a mobile node which is located using the address thereof. According to the present method and system, for the access point, the data rate per type of application is measured, the charge rate of the access point per type of application is calculated from the access point and the distribution of a novel application at said access point is either authorized or refused according to the internal priority rules associated with each application following any request for the distribution of said novel application. The present method and system are suitable for the management of access points to an IEEE P802.11-type shared wireless network.

Abstract: This invention discloses a communication system incorporating a video broadcast network and a mobile communication network in which a plurality of base stations constitutes at least one cell cluster, said communication system comprising: a central control node which allocates time slots for broadcast video data to a broadcast transmission tower based on a predetermined schedule algorithm and allocates time slots and/or frequency for communication to said base stations; a plurality of base stations each of which communicates with terminals within the time slots for communication allocated by the central control node and at a predetermined frequency or the frequency allocated by the central control node; and a broadcast transmission tower which transmits signals to said terminals within the time slots for broadcast video data allocated by the central control node.

Abstract: Dispatch communication testing may be automated by actuating an electrically-controlled switch coupled to an initiating dispatch device to automatically generate dispatch test events. In one embodiment, user-defined test parameters may be used to determine exactly when the switch is to be actuated. The resulting test events may then be recorded and compared to corresponding recognized dispatch events, where the recognized dispatch events are those dispatch activities that were actually carried out by either the initiating dispatch device or a target dispatch device. One or more performance characteristic for the initiating dispatch device and/or the dispatch communication network may then be determined based on a result of the comparison.

Abstract: A wireless network having a real-time channel allocation is described herein. In one embodiment, an exemplary network architecture includes, but is not limited to, multiple access points coupled to a wired network, where each of the access points is capable of communicating with one or more mobile nodes over a wireless network. The exemplary network architecture further includes a controller coupled to the access points over the wired network. The controller maintains one or more parameters that control one or more characteristics of each access points. The controller adjusts and communicates the one or more parameters to each of the access points in response to a detection of real-time conditions changed. Other methods and apparatuses are also described.

Abstract: A digital trunked communication network which supports roaming, includes a plurality of trunked communication systems, each of which comprises a base station subsystem and a dispatching subsystem; wherein base station subsystem is used to access various services of a terminal, and to forward trunked service to dispatching subsystem; dispatching subsystem is used to control and manage the trunked service of terminal which locates in its service area, and dispatching subsystems are connected together by IP network. The present invention divides the single control center of existing system into several independent subsystems by employing modularized network organization, thereby making the design and realization of various services clearer and more independent and effectively reducing the complexity of the system and coupling among various services.

Abstract: A inter-station transmission method of extending time allocated for a transmission path delay of an inter-station transmission path within a predetermined turnaround time, and increasing an inter-station transmission distance. A radio base station reproduces a clock synchronized with a BSU transmission clock DCLK used when transmitting downlink transmission data from a communication control station. The radio base station processes the downlink transmission data. The clock synchronization eliminates a necessity of data format conversion between the communication control station and the radio base station, a buffer accumulating transmission data in preparation for the conversion is not necessary. This reduces a turnaround time of a mobile communication system.

Abstract: The present invention provides a PoC system (push-to-talk over cellular system) and a method for distributing media data in PoC. The PoC system includes a plurality of clients, a controlling server and a first participating server. In the present invention, since a media receiving port is established in the first participating server which manages at least two clients at the same time, and when a media data is going to be distributed to the clients managed by the first participating server, the controlling server delivers the media data to the media receiving port only. In addition, a multicast addressing technology is further used in the first participating server, therefore, the path of delivering media data is changed and the efficiency of media data delivery during a communication is improved.

Abstract: Methods and systems for implementing trunking techniques in CDMA systems for handling group calls and push-to-talk services and roaming of group calls.

Abstract: An intrinsically safe communication and tracking system comprising an overlapping series of intrinsically safe WIFI units wherein said WIFI units contain one or more radio cards and one or more antennae, and said system further comprises communication devices, TAGs, and a CPU unit to monitor the system. Alternatively, intrinsically safe communication and tracking system may be used peer-to-peer. The system may contain client devices at least one client device chosen from the following: tracking software, voice recording, audio recording, signal strength testers, Ethernet capability, gas detector, digital camera, thermal imaging camera, temperature sensing equipment, and text messaging. The CPU may also have additional capabilities at least one additional capability chosen from the following: ability to patch into external communication systems, housing of records, monitoring of employees as they enter or leave an area, encryption of communications, and sending a signal to a satellite.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a radio communication trunking system control method. According to the control method, a channel (f1), which is normally used as a control channel, is used as a telephone communication channel when a plurality of channels (f2-fn), used as telephone communication channels, are being used. For example, the channel (fn) has been adapted to be able to operate not only as a telephone communication channel but also as a control channel. When the telephone communication using the channel (fn) is completed, the channel (fn) is established as a control channel in place of the channel (f1). In this way, the currents consumed by wireless units accommodated in a trunking system can be reduced, and the time period for which the trunk operation is inoperative can be significantly reduced.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for measuring receive sensitivity of a base station in order to test a plurality of FAs with only one test terminal. The method includes the steps of: performing synchronization of a primary FA and detecting a channel list at the test terminal; and sensing at least one FA from the base station according to the channel list at a controller, and controlling the test terminal to perform synchronization of each FA from a first FA of a first sector to the last FA of the last sector, one by one. Therefore, it has an advantage in that the receive sensitivity of all FAs (frequency allocations) can be measured by using only one test terminal, while testing receive sensitivity of a base station providing multiple FAs.

Abstract: Methods and systems for implementing trunking techniques in CDMA systems for handling group calls and push-to-talk services.

Abstract: In a communication network system having a multi-switch Fiber Channel fabric, adjacent switches are communicatively coupled together by a plurality of links. The links are selectively determined to join a trunked group for enabling frames received at one switch to be routed over the links in the trunked group to the adjacent switch in an evenly distributed manner. In one embodiment, a link within the trunked group is coupled to a pair of ports residing on adjacent switches each having a designated trunking master port. The traffic load at one switch is routed through the trunking master port which distributes the load across multiple links and guarantees that the load is received at the adjacent switch with “in-order” delivery.

Abstract: A method of transmitting information over a feed back channel of a communication system that has multiple antenna systems is provided. Long term channel condition information is obtained from received measured and/or calculated channel parameter values. The obtained long term channel condition information is arranged in a particular manner and transmitted over a defined time period during which the long term channel condition information varies relatively slowly. Because the long term information remains relatively constant for one or more defined time periods, the amount of bandwidth needed to communicate this value is small because it need only be communicated occasionally. Thus only a small bandwidth needs to be allocated for transmitting this long term information.

Abstract: In a telecommunication system adapted to exchange n-bit frames according to a dynamic time division multiplexing access method for a maximum of N accessible channels, the use of a shadow time slot assignment table is eliminated by use of a circuit that includes (a) an n×p memory block to store a time slot assignment table which describes the different time slot assignments by specifying which logical channel each bit position of an n-bit frame belongs to, (b) a register having N fields with a granularity of one bit, each bit indicates the status of the corresponding logical channel associated thereto, and (c) a logic circuit connected to the memory block and register that enables or disables the transmission of the logical channel identifier to a time slot assignor depending on the status bit value.

Abstract: An intrinsically safe accurate location information network for personnel and assets in underground mines, including wireless access points and subnetwork controllers, active wireless locator/messenger tags, network controller(s), and enterprise servers running application control software. The wireless access points are installed in mine entries and crosscuts and track the active wireless locator/messenger tags. The active tags may be worn by mine personnel or installed in mining equipment. The network subsystems form relay networks that wirelessly carry telemetry and control data without the need to penetrate the earth. The subsystems determine the location of persons and assets underground and monitor safety-related information, which can be used for disaster avoidance, early warning of impending disaster, and improved rescue effectiveness. .

Abstract: A common signaling channel (CSC) conveys signaling information units (SIUs) from a base station (BS) to each of a multiplicity (e.g., 1200) of different mobile stations (MSs). Implicit correspondence between particular CSC and data frames is facilitated by basing CSC frame duration on the data frame period. CSC frames are time multiplexed into K subframes, which are code division multiplexed (CDM) into J CDM branches to define J*K SIUs. CDM symbols (or sequences) representing each SIU may be diversely transmitted in different time slots, and/or using different OVSF codes or subchannels. Unique gain may be provided for each SIU. Subframe duration may ensure CDM code orthogonality despite fading. CDM symbol length may be an integer power of two, or have other values, such as 2N*20 (e.g., 80). SIUs are typically relevant to BS-MS data packets, for example ACKs supporting H-ARQ for reverse link transmissions.

Abstract: A digital trunked communication network which supports roaming, includes a plurality of trunked communication systems, each of which comprises a base station subsystem and a dispatching subsystem; wherein base station subsystem is used to access various services of a terminal, and to forward trunked service to dispatching subsystem; dispatching subsystem is used to control and manage the trunked service of terminal which locates in its service area, and dispatching subsystems are connected together by IP network. The present invention divides the single control center of existing system into several independent subsystems by employing modularized network organization, thereby making the design and realization of various services clearer and more independent and effectively reducing the complexity of the system and coupling among various services.

Abstract: A push-to-talk (PTT) radio resource controller (441) establishes a “reverse” channel using a forward channel resource request module (461), a reverse channel resource request module (463), an allocation rules module (470) that is coupled to the forward channel resource request module (461) and the reverse channel resource request module (463), and a channel resource availability module (480) that is coupled to the allocation rules module (470). A method (300) for establishing a reverse channel in a PTT system initiates a forward PTT circuit (313) between an originating device and at least a first called device, initiates a first reverse PTT circuit (319) between the first called device and the originating device before releasing (329) the forward PTT circuit, and then releases (339) the first reverse PTT circuit.

Abstract: A voice channel selection system for use in VoIP communication includes a plurality of VoIP trunk packages and a switchboard for bidirectional connection to the Internet via this plurality of VoIP trunk packages. The switchboard is provided with a call control unit. The plurality of VoIP trunk packages are respectively provided with voice signal processing units for processing voice signals and control signal processing units for processing call control signals. When an unoccupied voice channel is present in the voice signal processing unit of the VoIP trunk package, the call control unit of the switchboard forms voice communication paths on the basis of call control signals received by the control signal processing units.

Abstract: A method by which resources of a cell under the supervision of a controlling radio network controller (CRNC) are reserved for providing high speed downlink packet access via a high speed downlink shared channel (HS-DSCH) having one or more corresponding physical channels (HS-PDSCHs), the method including as steps: a step (61) in which the CRNC for the Node B serving the cell sends to the Node B a message conveying cell-specific high speed downlink packet access HSDPA information indicating codes for the HS-DSCH and for an associated high speed shared control channel (HS-SCCH) and also indicating a maximum allowed value for the combined power of the HS-SCCH and the HS-PDSCHs; and a step (63) in which the Node B communicates to the CRNC a cell-specific HSDPA resource response indicating either the resources the Node B has reserved or indicating only whether or not all the resources requested by CRNC were successfully reserved.

Abstract: A set of formats and protocols is proposed for a satellite communications system. In these formats, a pilot signal (PS) is inserted after every 25 or 29 data symbols. The formats consist of SCPC frames (F) which may contain either data (D) and in-band signaling information (SU), or only signaling information (SU). In either case, the contents of each frame (F) are error-correction coded before transmission with the same coding rate. Each data frame (F) carries the data content of an integral number of input user data frames (M), each of which comprises four subframes. Different symbol transmission rates are used for different input data rates, the symbol transmission rates being selected so that their different synchronizing clock rates can easily be obtained from a common clock. Data bursts may be preceded by a constant power level preamble (P). The formats and protocols satisfy the requirements of a high data rate satellite communications system.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for monitoring a trunked radio communications system by using some type of radio scanning receiver that is not designed for that purpose. In addition, the invention provides a method for automatically determining the polarity of the received control channel data. Further, the invention provides a method for automatically determining the type of trunked radio communications system. In addition the invention provides a method for automatically determining the channels in a trunked radio system and a method for automatically determining the bit rate of transmitted digital signals over a control channel of a trunked radio communications system.

Abstract: A method and communication system (e.g., a time-division duplex (TDD) system) that uses adaptive antennas at the base stations to monitor metrics associated with the quality of one or more common physical channel (CPCH) timeslots, so as to determine whether to reuse some or all of the CPCH timeslots to transmit a dedicated physical channel (DPCH). If it is determined to reuse some or all of the CPCH timeslots, an additional determination is made as to what limit to apply on the DPCH transmission powers. Adaptive antennas may be used at the base stations to allow the system to reuse some or all of the CPCH timeslots to transmit DPCH, thus improving the overall capacity of the system while maintaining the CPCH coverage and quality at a desired level throughout the system.

Abstract: A receiving device in a trunked radio communications system requests a voice channel for a communication and receives an outbound signaling message on a control channel comprising a voice channel number for the receiving device to utilize for the communication. The receiving device tunes to about a transmit frequency, wherein the transmit frequency is determined by multiplying the voice channel number by a channel spacing and adding a base frequency to yield the transmit frequency, if the voice channel number is between 0 and 119. The receiving device modulates the communication to about the transmit frequency and transmits the modulated communication with a transmit deviation that relates to a maximum of 4 kHz.

Abstract: A method and system that enables proportionately multiplexing a plurality of data stream into one data stream is disclosed. A mobile station has applications that produce separate data streams. Example applications include voice, signaling, E-mail and web applications. The data streams are combined by a multiplexer module into one data stream called the transport stream. The transport stream is sent over the reverse link to a BTS. The multiplexer module combines the data streams onto the transport stream according to their relative proportions and priorities.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for processing media data for transmission in a data communication medium. A set of data indicates how to transmit a time related sequence of media data according to a transmission protocol. The set of data, includes a time related sequence of data which is associated with the time related sequence of media data. The set of data may be utilized by a digital processing system to transmit the time related sequence of media data (e.g., by packets generated according to the transmission protocol and the set of data).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for distinguishing between two or more signals, each associated with a particular remote user terminal, in a shared-channel wireless communication system. A communication device, for example, a base station, causes an offset (e.g., a time and/or a frequency offset) between the transmission of first and second uplink signals that simultaneously occupy the same channel and that are transmitted by first and second remote user terminals, respectively. According to one aspect of the invention, the offset is relatively small enough such that the first and second uplink signals remain within the same channel, but relatively large enough such that based on the offset, the communication device may identify that the first uplink signal is associated with the first remote user terminal.

Abstract: A communications apparatus and a frequency control method thereof, in that control of a reference frequency (local oscillator frequency) is made by feeding back a frequency offset estimate FOS to the voltage-controlled oscillator 103, and the frequency offset between sending and receiving frequencies is corrected by feeding back a frequency offset control value FOC which is based on a sending reference frequency command on downstream control data DCD to sending frequency offset control means 118, to control a sending reference frequency by using both a voltage-controlled oscillator 108 (a frequency control step) and sending frequency offset control means 118 (a sending frequency offset control step).

Abstract: In a mobile communication system, a central control unit assigns pairs of upstream and downstream channels to mobile station units located in a radio zone of a base station unit to carry out a two-way communication between the mobile station units, and the central control unit assigns pairs of upstream and downstream channels to the mobile station units to carry out a one-to-multiple group communication between the mobile station units. A memory unit stores vacant channel data indicative of the presence of a vacant channel with respect to the group communication carried out by the channel assignment of the central control unit. A broadcast message unit transmits a broadcast message containing the vacant channel data, stored in the memory unit, to each of the mobile station units. A message receiving unit receives the broadcast message transmitted by the broadcast message unit.

Abstract: Wireless repeating apparatus are arranged so that a series of information items transmitted from either a portable wireless information terminal or an information processing apparatus are stored in an information storing unit. When transmission requests for the stored information are received from the portable wireless information terminals by an information transmitting/receiving unit, the stored information is read from the information storing unit, and transmitted by electromagnetic waves to the portable wireless information terminals.

Abstract: A trunked radio repeater communication system capable of use in a networked system includes a plurality of distributive switches and a unique signaling protocol and a switching protocol for interconnecting the trunked transmission communications systems into a wide area network that provides an expanded feature set of radio communications capabilities. The trunked radio repeater system including a protocol supporting communications for repeaters and/or subscribers conducting communications using existing protocols, such as the Logic Trunked Radio (LTR) protocol and supporting additional special functions.

Abstract: A system for distributing radio frequency signals in a wireless communication network that provides an economical method of establishing and then later enhancing network coverage and capacity. The system centrally deploys Base Transceiving System (BTS) equipment and distributes their signals through a fiber network to individual cable microcell integrators (CMI) associated with the individual cell sectors of the system. The CMIs contain filtering equipment that permit them to be assigned in simulcast groups, depending upon the desired network capacity. For example, in an initial build out situation, a large number of CMIs operate at a common carrier frequency, modulation code, and/or code phase. As network demands increases, additional capacity is provided by reprogramming filters and/or signal processors in the CMIs.

Abstract: A method of operating a wireless network comprising a plurality of wireless terminals and optionally a base station uses a transmission frame (300) including an association section (310) for use by wireless terminals wishing to join the network. A variable number of association sections (310) is scheduled in response to operating characteristics such as the load on the network or the presence of a high security application on the network.

Abstract: A network system for transceiving various wireless network signals comprises wireless network signal transceivers, a router, and a wire connection for coupling the router to the wireless network signal transceivers and the router to Internet respectively; wherein each of the wireless network signal transceivers is operable to receive wireless packet messages sent from one of a variety of electronic devices having a wireless network adapter with a unique wireless communication protocol installed therein, determines the wireless communication protocol by reading the received wireless packet messages, decodes the wireless packet messages based on the associated wireless communication protocol, converts the same into wire packet messages having formats acceptable to the wire connection, sends the wire packet messages to the Internet through the wire connection and the router for effecting an exchange of packet message, receives the wire packet messages from the Internet through the wire connection, performs a res

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing satellite selection in a broadcast communication system is provided. In some embodiments, a controlling data stream broadcast on a first satellite over a broadcast channel is utilized to indicate that information signals such as a television program are being carried on the same channel on a different satellite. Remote receiving apparatus utilize the controlling data stream to locate the information signals by switching to the satellite identified in the controlling data stream.

Abstract: A spread spectrum communication apparatus for communicating through a plurality of communication channels corresponding to a plurality of diffusion codes comprises a selector to select the number of communication channels which are used in accordance with a communication partner, and a communication unit to communicate with the communication partner through the communication channels of the number selected by the selector. The communication unit has a division unit to divide transmission data in accordance with the number of communication channels selected. The selector selects the number of communication channels in accordance with whether the communication partner is a color terminal or a black and white terminal, or in accordance with a processing speed of the communication partner, or in accordance with whether the communication partner processes binary image data or processes multivalue image data.

Abstract: A splitter assembly is provided that comprises a terminal block for mounting to a main distribution frame and a splitter circuit for combining/splitting POTS signals and xDSL signals onto/from a single wire pair. The terminal block is pivotally mounted to a housing and the splitter circuit is on a card that is located in the housing. The terminal block may be mounted to the same housing that contains the splitter card. The POTS line contacts, xDSL line contacts and combined line contacts of the splitter circuit are connected to respective pairs of terminals in the terminal block.

Abstract: A wireless communication system combines time and space diversity to reduce fading and simplify receiver design. In particular, a data packet which carries digital telephone traffic, is transmitted at three different times from three different antennas. The mobile subscriber receiver thus receives the same data packet at three different times from three different antennas, and uses the best data packet or combination of the data packets to reduce the effects of fading. A transfer station receives a time division multiplex multiple access (TDMA) signal from a base station carrying telephone data packet traffic to form three data packet repeats at spatially diverse antennas locations. The transfer station further modulates a code division multiple access (CDMA) system using a TDMA signal which links the mobile subscriber receiver to the transfer station. Each data packet received at the transfer station is thus retransmitted at three different times to the mobile subscriber station on a CDMA link.

Abstract: A system for monitoring a CDMA-type mobile terminal device, includes (a) a CDMA base station system, (b) a CDMA core network connected to the CDMA base station system through wires, (c) a server which monitors the CDMA base station system connected to the CDMA core network through wires, (d) a monitoring device connected to the server through wires, the monitoring device monitoring and controlling the CDMA base station system through both the server and the CDMA core network, and (e) a CDMA-type mobile terminal device connected to the CDMA base station system through radio signals.

Abstract: An approach for selecting an asynchronous paging interval involves selecting a set of possible paging schemes for one wireless system; selecting a paging interval for another wireless system that is asynchronous with the paging schemes selected for the one wireless system; determining, after some number of paging repetitions, the probability of collision between a first paging channel in the one wireless system, and a second paging channel in the other wireless system; reselecting the paging interval for the other wireless system, asynchronous with the paging schemes selected for the one wireless system, and repeating the determining of the probability, until after some number of page repetitions, the probability reaches a prescribed minimum; and reselecting the paging interval for the other wireless system, asynchronous with the paging schemes selected for the one wireless system, and repeating the determining of the probability, until the number of paging repetitions needed to reach the prescribed minimum i

Abstract: In order to transmit data packets for a packet data service in a cellular mobile radio network, in each case one channel (TCH) in the radio transmission system (BSS) of the mobile radio network is reserved and linked to a transmission channel (NUC), which leads to a separate service network node (GSN), to form a continuous data channel. Data packets and signalling information are transmitted jointly via the data channel in a single data protocol between the mobile subscriber station (MS) and the service network node (GSN). In this way, signalling information and data packets are transmitted in only one protocol, to be precise the data protocol. By using only the data protocol for the joint transmission of the data packets and signalling information, there is a reduction in the signalling load and the channel seizure duration in the mobile radio network in comparison with the solution with two separate protocols for signalling and data.

Abstract: A device, system and method for a LAN is disclosed. The device includes a plurality of ports to connect to units such as host end user units. Each of the ports is connected to arbiter/aggregation device. The arbiter/aggregator device is connected to a high speed trunk for moving data packets from the various hosts to an output (the upstream or next layer switch). An input is provided connected to a high speed egress trunk. Each of the ports is connected to the high speed egress trunk via a filter for filtering data packets received via the high speed egress trunk. Packets are either allowed to pass through the filter (forwarded) or they are filtered (stopped at the filter).

Abstract: For setting up a traffic channel connection between an originating mobile station and a destination mobile station of a mobile radiotelephone network, the network having at least two base stations, a base station control unit that controls these, and a mobile switching center connected with this control unit via a transcoding and rate adaption unit, a connection request is signaled from an originating mobile station requesting connection to a destination mobile station via the mobile switching center. Using a database, the mobile switching center determines via which base station the desired destination mobile station can be reached. The transcoding and rate adaption unit contains a switching stage for the traffic channel connection setup, which switches a traffic channel connection between the originating mobile station and the destination mobile station.

Abstract: A repeater apparatus includes a first trunk circuit for receiving and sending data input from and to a first section of the communication link and a second trunk circuit for receiving and sending data input from and to a second section of the communication link. An Isolating circuit is connected to the first trunk circuit for electrically isolating the first section from the second section. For protecting against an overvoltage condition from the communication network, a protection circuit is operatively connected to the first and second trunk circuits. A controller has a first receiver/transmitter circuit for transmitting data from the first trunk circuit to the second trunk circuit, and a second receiver/transmitter circuit for transmitting data from the second trunk circuit to the first trunk circuit. The controller also produces a signal for indicating the completion of data transmission by the first and second receiver/transmitter.

Abstract: In a mobile communication network comprising a base station (11) having a service area (13) and a plurality of mobile stations, communication is rendered possible between the base station, with a first station (15(1)) in the service area used as a repeater station, and a second station (15(2)) which may be present near or beyond a boundary of the service area. It is presumed that the mobile stations are operable with battery saving and that such a repeater station exists in a communication area (17) of the second station put into full operation. Preferably, the mobile communication network is operable with time division multiplexing, with each frame composed of a predetermined number of time slots.

Abstract: A repeater for use in a two way communication system for retransmitting information between a first device and a second device to help ensure reliable two way communication between the devices, comprising: a transmitter/receiver, the transmitter/receiver receiving signals from the first and second devices and transmitting the received signals for reception by the respective first and second devices; and further wherein a direct communication path for the information between the first and second devices is provided, the direct communication path being intermittently unreliable, the repeater providing an additional path for the information between the first and second devices; the repeater being spaced from said first and second devices by a specified distance, said specified distance being significantly less than a theoretical maximum communication distance thereby to ensure communication reliability.

Abstract: In a repeating device for sending chargeable satellite broadcasting received through a BS antenna to a connected cable, a scrambled video signal and an audio signal are separated from each other by a separation part from a satellite broadcast signal. Relevant information packets multiplexed upon the audio signal are separated from each other by a separating part, and common information packets of the relevant information packets are separated from each other by another separation part. Common information packets which are successively sent five times are judged in majority by a majority judgement part. Packets having errors corrected by an error correction part are temporarily stored in a buffer memory. The stored packets are read out three times by a thrice successive sending part wherein the stored packets are successively sent fewer times than the number of times the packets are sent from from an atmospheric transmission system.

Abstract: In a mobile communication system, a system for providing communication between multiple users in a closed user group arrangement includes first and second mobile earth terminals (METs) registering with the mobile satellite system. The first MET selects a closed user group network identifier (NET ID) representing a NET group to establish voice communication therewith and transmits the NET ID to a central controller. The central controller receives the NET ID from the first MET, validates the first MET for communication, validates the NET ID, allocates a frequency for the NET group, and broadcasts the message to the NET group informing the NET group of the allocated frequency. The second MET tunes to the frequency in response, to the message broadcast by the central controller. The closed user group arrangement provides security measures to ensure only authorized METs gain access to the NET group, dual standby mode of operation, and priority default operation.