Abstract: A port monitoring system includes a first extending device. The first extending device includes a monitored port and a networking port. The first extending device is configured to detect a first packet at the monitored port and, in response, generate a mirrored packet. Then the first extending device adds a monitoring identifier to the mirrored packet and forwards the mirrored packet through the networking port. The port monitoring system also includes a networking device that is coupled to the first extending device. The networking device is configured to receive the mirrored packet from the first extending device and determine that the mirrored packet is associated with a monitoring port using the monitoring identifier provided by the mirrored packet. The networking device then forwards the mirrored packet to the monitoring port.

Abstract: Communication apparatus includes multiple interfaces connected to a packet data network, and a memory coupled to the interfaces and configured as a buffer to contain packets received through ingress interfaces while awaiting transmission to the network via respective egress interfaces. Packet processing logic is configured, upon receipt of a test packet through an ingress interface of the apparatus, to allocate a space in the buffer for storage of a single copy of the test packet, to replicate and transmit sequentially multiple copies of the stored copy of the test packet through a designated egress interface, to receive an indication of a number of copies of the test packet that are to be transmitted, and responsively to the indication, to terminate replication of the test packet and release the allocated space in the buffer.

Abstract: The embodiments described herein describe technologies for memory systems. One implementation of a memory system includes a motherboard substrate with multiple module sockets, at least one of which is populated with a memory module. A first set of data lines is disposed on the motherboard substrate and coupled to the module sockets. The first set of data lines includes a first subset of point-to-point data lines coupled between a memory controller and a first socket and a second subset of point-to-point data lines coupled between the memory controller and a second socket. A second set of data lines is disposed on the motherboard substrate and coupled between the first socket and the second socket. The first and second sets of data lines can make up a memory channel.

Abstract: A method for providing a cloud-based service includes receiving information from a customer of the service over a conversational interface, the information identifying a requirement of the customer related to a resiliency of the service, and identifying a service provider who provides the service in a manner that satisfies the requirement. A method for building a knowledge base of cloud-based service providers includes receiving information from a service provider, the information specifying at least one resiliency attribute of the service provider, matching the information to a standardized service descriptor, wherein the service descriptor is indexed within an ontology-based organizational framework that indexes a plurality of service descriptors, and storing the service descriptor for the service provider.

Abstract: A system and method for handling a request from a client device to access a service from a server. The method comprises receiving a request from a user using a client device to access a service from a server. The request is received by a network traffic management device having a local external access management (EAM) agent. The EAM agent directly communicates with an EAM server that provides authentication policy information of a plurality of users able to at least partially access the server. User credential information is sent from the EAM agent to the EAM server, whereby the EAM agent receives access policy information of the user from the EAM server. The system and method selectively controls access of the user's request to the server in accordance with the received access policy information at the network traffic management device.

Abstract: Embodiments are provided for path flow scheduling of multicast traffic through a network. The paths for traffic flow are determined to optimize link utilization in terms of bandwidth and link capacity, and limit link cost. In an embodiment, a method is implemented for network flow scheduling. The method includes establishing, by a controller of a network, a multicast tree which includes a plurality of links for sending multicast traffic from a source to multiple destinations. The tree is established based on minimizing a number of links in the multicast tree. The tree is then adjusted by replacing one or more of the plurality of links to reduce the link utilization. The tree adjustment is repeated by further replacing one or more links in the multicast tree to further reduce the link utilization.

Abstract: A system is provided for unified data networking across a plurality of heterogeneous networks different ones of which include a source network node and a querying network node. The system may receive a data packet having a payload and a tag that includes a unified identity code (UIC) for a category of information. Content of the payload may be stored in a cache memory based at least in part on the UIC. In at least one instance, a query including the UIC may be received from the querying network node, and the system may retrieve the content from the cache memory based on the UIC. The system may then generate and transmit, to the querying network node, a reply data packet having a payload with the content and a tag that includes the UIC.

Abstract: A computing environment containing a mesh network that is adapted to provide a reliable transport mechanism over which services may be delivered. Nodes of the mesh can automatically select routable addresses without conflicts, which allows nodes of the mesh to be accessed, even as the mesh changes through the addition or deletion of nodes. Also, nodes communicate with a protocol that supports service advertisements. These advertisements can identify mesh nodes that supply services, such as file or print servers, for which devices that have not yet connected to the network may be searching Advertisements can also identify services to be used by nodes in the network, allowing, for example, a node to select a gateway providing a reliable connection to an external network. The mesh network can be used as a transport for communication using protocols, such as TCP/IP, that generally exhibit poor performance when using unreliable transports.

Abstract: User equipment (UE) and a network node may establish data radio bearers (DRBs) for wireless communication of user plane data. For each DRB, the UE and network node may signal static or dynamic integrity protection for the user plane data during set-up of the DRB. When the DRB has static integrity protection, integrity protection is applied to the user plane data for a duration of the DRB. When the DRB has dynamic integrity protection, the UE and network node establish one or more trigger conditions for dynamic integrity protection of the DRB. The integrity protection may be enabled upon detection of one or more trigger conditions and disabled when the one or more trigger conditions subside after a predetermined period of time.

Abstract: A switch (110R.3) uses a forwarding database (140F) to forward multicast packets. The switch participates in a multicast protocol (e.g. PIM) with other switches, and also uses a snooping database (e.g. for IGMP snooping) to learn about local group members, i.e. members for which the router serves as a local multicast router (e.g. the local members do not participate in the multicast protocol). When the switch learns of a local member of a multicast group, the switch updates the snooping database but may or may not install the snooping information in the forwarding database. Thus, the forwarding database is not necessarily provisioned for locally sourced data packets addressed to the group until receipt of a locally sourced data packet addressed to the group. If no such packets are received, the forwarding database is not provisioned for such packets, and therefore its size is reduced. Other features are also provided.

Abstract: A service provider (SP) cloud rendezvous point (CRP-SP) in a fixed cloud rendezvous point (CRP) hierarchy, the CRP-SP comprising a memory comprising a cloudcasting information base (CCIB), a receiver configured to receive a Register request from a first site CRP (CRP Site) in an SP network, the Register request indicating a first portion of a virtual extensible network (VXN) is reachable by the SP network at the first CRP Site, a processor coupled to the receiver and the memory, the processor configured to query the CCIB to determine that a second portion of the VXN is reachable by the SP network at a second CRP Site, and a transmitter coupled to the processor and configured to transmit Report messages to both the first CRP Site and the second CRP Site, the Report messages indicating the VXN is reachable at both the first CRP Site and the second CRP Site.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of a network element that updates an interface list of a multi-link group of a network element is described. In an exemplary embodiment, a network element receives an indication that the interface list for the multi-link group on a network element is to change. In addition, the interface list includes a first set of interfaces. The network element further includes an address table having a plurality of address entries, where each of the plurality of address entries includes an address, a multi-link nexthop, and a tag group reference. The tag group reference references an entry in a tag group table, where a tag group entry includes a tag group identifier and a tag group set of interfaces. The network element further receives a second set of interfaces. The network element additionally updates the interface list for the tag group entry to include a second set of interfaces. Furthermore, the network element transmits data with the multi-link group using the second set of interfaces.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for detecting unidentified inventory in a network. In one embodiment, data that was collected from a plurality of network devices is received. The data includes at least one device identifier for a neighboring network device of at least one network device of the plurality of network devices. The at least one device identifier for the neighboring network device is compared to one or more device identifiers of known network devices. In response to determining that the at least one device identifier for the neighboring network device does not match a device identifier for the known network devices, the at least one device identifier is added to a list of unidentified inventory.

Abstract: A non-transitory computer readable recording medium having stored therein a switch controlling program causing a computer to execute a process includes acquiring port information on a switch that comprises a plurality of first and second ports, where the port information including connection destinations of the second ports and being acquired for each of the second ports before swapping the switch for another switch; instructing to close the first ports of the another switch after the switch is swapped; acquiring the port information on the another switch for each of the second ports after the swapping; determining whether there exists the second port whose connection destination is unchanged before and after the swapping; and instructing to open the first port of the another switch, where data being transferred between the opened first port and the second port whose connection destination is unchanged before and after the swapping.

Abstract: An edge server of a distributed edge compute and routing service receives a tunnel connection request from a tunnel client residing on an origin server, that requests a tunnel be established between the edge server and the tunnel client. The request identifies the hostname that is to be tunneled. An IP address is assigned for the tunnel. DNS record(s) are added or changed that associate the hostname with the assigned IP address. Routing rules are installed in the edge servers of the distributed edge compute and routing service to reach the edge server for the tunneled hostname. The edge server receives a request for a resource of the tunneled hostname from another edge server that received the request from a client, where the other edge server is not connected to the origin server. The request is transmitted from the edge server to the origin server over the tunnel.

Abstract: A wireless telecommunication system comprises a base station arranged to communicate messages to one or more terminal devices over a radio interface. The radio interface has a radio frame structure comprising a plurality of subframes, wherein a message may be transmitted in accordance with a first transmission scheme using transmission resources in a first number of radio subframes (e.g. one subframe) or transmitted in accordance with a second transmission scheme using transmission resources in a second number of radio subframes (e.g. with repeat transmissions in a plurality of subframes). The message is transmitted in association with an identifier to indicate a terminal device to which the message is addressed. A characteristic for the identifier, for example a value or control region search space for the identifier, is dependent on whether the message is to be transmitted in accordance with the first transmission scheme or the second transmission scheme.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure describe discovering physical cell identifiers in wireless communications. It can be determined to discover a physical cell identifier of one or more cells in a zone based at least in part on detecting a condition. A cell-specific signal can be received from at least one cell of the one or more cells in the zone. The cell-specific signal can be associated with one of a plurality of cell-specific signal hypotheses. The physical cell identifier of the at least one cell can be determined as one of a plurality of physical cell identifiers that corresponds to the one of the plurality of cell-specific signal hypotheses.

Abstract: In a computer-implemented method for endpoint management, a plurality of messages communicated between a target endpoint and a client are recorded, in a computer-readable memory. Ones of the messages are clustered into respective groups, where the respective groups correspond to respective operation types of the ones of the messages included therein. For the respective operation types, respective message structures used by the target endpoint are determined based on commonalities among the ones of the messages of the respective groups corresponding to the operation types. For one of the respective operation types, a request to the target endpoint is generated in accordance with a corresponding one of the respective message structures used by the target endpoint. Related computer systems and computer program products are also discussed.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus, and a computer program product for wireless communication are provided. The apparatus may be a UE. The apparatus receives a safety message from a second UE. The received safety message includes a cluster indicator that indicates whether the received safety message is a first safety message type or a second safety message type. The first safety message type is associated with a single UE and the second safety message type is associated with multiple UEs. The apparatus determines whether the received safety message is the first safety message type or the second safety message type based on the cluster indicator included in the safety message. The apparatus determines whether a proximity condition between the apparatus and the second UE is satisfied based on the received safety message.

Abstract: A method of supporting group communication over LTE MBMS is provided. A UE first establishes a unicast Evolved Packet Service (EPS) bearer in an LTE network for group communication. The UE belongs to a communication group having a communication group ID. The UE receives access information from the network for monitoring downlink (DL) multicast traffic of the DL group communication based on a multicast decision. The UE is then ready for monitoring a multicast Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) bearer for receiving the DL multicast traffic. In one embodiment, The UE requests to switch the DL multicast traffic from the multicast MBMS bearer to the unicast EPS bearer upon detecting that the UE is approaching an MBMS coverage boundary. In another embodiment, the UE transmits an indication of preferred target cells to the network before performing a handover and thereby maintaining multicast service continuity of the group communication.

Abstract: A provider edge device, capable of accessing a first type of memory and a second type of memory, may determine a network address associated with a customer edge device. The provider edge device may determine whether the customer edge device is categorized as a leaf device in an Ethernet Tree service provided by the provider edge device. The provider edge device may selectively store the network address in the first type of memory or the second type of memory based on determining whether the customer edge device is categorized as a leaf device in the Ethernet Tree service.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for automated mirroring is presented. In a particular embodiment of a method for automated mirroring, a Network Device running as a Fabric Attach (FA) Server receives an FA Type Length Value (TLV) from an Access Device running as a FA proxy or client. The Access Device is configured to mirror traffic to a Remote Switch Port Analyzer (RSPAN) Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN). The TLV includes a request to associate the RSPAN VLAN with a Service Identifier (I-SID) used to carry mirror traffic in a network. The method includes wherein the FA server receives the mirrored traffic on the RSPAN VLAN. The FA Server signals the I-SID into the network, and detects receive interest in the I-SID. The FA Server delivers the mirrored traffic to devices that expressed a receive interest in the mirrored traffic.

Abstract: Using a hash function, an L2/L3 switch can produce an FID for a data packet. The L2/L3 switch can select, from among potentially several stored VLAN flooding tables, a particular VLAN flooding table that is associated with a particular VLAN on which the data packet is to be carried. The rows of the particular VLAN flooding table can specify different combinations of the particular VLAN's egress ports. The L2/L3 switch can locate, in the particular VLAN flooding table, a particular row that specifies the FID. The L2/L3 switch can read, from the particular row, a specified subset of the egress ports that are associated with the particular VLAN. The L2/L3 switch can transmit copies of the data packet out each of the egress ports specified in the subset, toward analytic servers connected to those egress ports.

Abstract: Various communication systems may benefit from an improved signaling protocol. For example, communication systems may benefit from an improved network support for a single frequency network transmission using an Ethernet switch. A method includes receiving a message at an access point in a single frequency network from a network entity through a data switch. The message comprises an indication of at least one of a downlink physical channel or an uplink physical channel. The method also includes transmitting a request for a signal characteristic through the at least one downlink physical channel to a user equipment. In addition, the method includes receiving the signal characteristic through the at least one uplink physical channel from the user equipment. Further, the method includes transmitting a response message through the data switch from the access point to the network entity indicating the signal characteristic.

Abstract: Message summarization and flood suppression may be provided. A proxy (e.g., an IGMP Proxy) process may be used to reduce the flooding of messages (e.g., IGMP messages) over a network (e.g., an EVPN network). A triggering process may also be provided for provider edge (PE) devices to setup their underlay multicast tunnels. The proxy may comprise two components: i) a proxy for reports (e.g., IGMP reports); and ii) a proxy for queries (e.g., IGMP Queries).

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes detecting a change in network topology and broadcasting a transient unconditional unpruning message to multiple nodes in the network. The message is configured to instruct each of the nodes receiving the message to start a phase timer in response to the broadcast message; unprune its operational ports; and, upon expiration of the phase timer, prune its ports in accordance with the results of a pruning protocol.

Abstract: A method of managing a buffer (or buffer memory) includes utilizing one or more shared pool buffers, one or more port/priority buffers and a global multicast pool. When packets are received, a shared pool buffer is utilized; however, if a packet does not fit in the shared pool buffer, then the appropriate port/priority buffer is used. If the packet is a multicast packet, then the global multicast pool is utilized for copies of the packet.

Abstract: A system and method for facilitating communication with segment routing in a cable modem network environment may be provided. A pseudowire (PW) control packet including segment routing information including a PW segment identifier (SID) for establishing a data session between the RPD and a network element over a packet switched network is received at a remote physical device (RPD). The PW SID may be indicative of a segment in the packet switched network to be used for communicating PW data packets of the data session. The PW control packet and the PW data packets being are emulations of a point-to-point connection between the RPD and the network element. A mapping between the PW SID and the data session is written into a segment table of the RPD.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus and data structures are provided for managing multicast IP flows. According to one embodiment, a router identifies active multicast IP sessions. A data structure is maintained by the router that contains information regarding the active multicast IP sessions and includes multiple pairs of a source field and a group field ({S, G} pairs), a first pointer associated with each of the {S,G} pairs and a set of slots. Each of the {S, G} pairs defines an active multicast IP session. The source field defines a source of a multicast transmission of the multicast IP session and the group field defines a group corresponding to the multicast IP session. The first pointer points to a dynamically allocated set of outbound interface (OIF) blocks. Each slot has stored therein a second pointer to a transmit control block (TCB) data structure that services users participating in the multicast IP session.

Abstract: Control system 100 comprises information equipment 300 located in a consumer's facility and a HEMS 200 controlling the information equipment 300 via a narrow area network 70. The HEMS 200 includes a transmission unit 320 which repetitively transmits to the information equipment 300 an operational instruction of instructing an operation of the information equipment 300 until transmission of an instruction different from the operational instruction is determined.

Abstract: A router of a content centric network (CCN) can forward messages using anonymous identifiers. The router can receive an Interest via a first interface, and determines a first anonymous identifier (AID) that identifies a name-independent path to the Interest's source via the router. The router can identify a second interface for forwarding the Interest to a next-hop neighbor via CCN, and performs a bijective function on the first AID to obtain a second AID that is to be used by the next-hop neighbor to return a corresponding data packet to the router. The router updates the Interest to include the second AID, and forwards the Interest via the second interface toward the next-hop neighbor. When the router receives the data packet, the router performs a lookup operation in an anonymous routing table (ART), based on the AID, to determine an interface for forwarding the data packet toward the Interest's source.

Abstract: A method of supporting group communication over LTE MBMS is provided. A UE first establishes a unicast Evolved Packet Service (EPS) bearer in an LTE network for group communication. The UE belongs to a communication group having a communication group ID. The UE receives access information from the network for monitoring downlink (DL) multicast traffic of the DL group communication based on a multicast decision. The UE is then ready for monitoring a multicast Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) bearer for receiving the DL multicast traffic. The multicast MBMS bearer is associated with a Temporary Mobile Group Identifier (TMGI), and wherein the TMGI is associated with the communication group ID. In one embodiment, the access information comprises mapping information between the TMGI and the communication group ID.

Abstract: Systems and methods for provisioning and validating a network are disclosed. One method can comprise providing a first communication tunnel between a network access point and a first tunnel endpoint. Availability of the first tunnel endpoint can be determined. If the first tunnel endpoint is determined to be available, network traffic can be routed to the first tunnel endpoint. If the first tunnel endpoint is determined to be unavailable, a second communication tunnel between the network access point and a second tunnel endpoint can be provided.

Abstract: A packet received via a network is stored in a packet memory. Information in a header of the packet is analyzed to determine multiple ports to which the packet is to be forwarded. The packet is read from the packet memory in connection with transmitting the packet via a first port among the multiple ports. Packet data corresponding to the packet is stored in a packet cache different than the packet memory. In connection with forwarding one or more instances of the packet to ports among the multiple ports, the packet data is read, based on information included in a packet descriptor associated with the packet, from the packet cache. Ones of the one or more instances of the packet are forwarded, using the data corresponding to the packet read from the packet cache and without further accessing the packet memory, to respective one or more of the multiple ports.

Abstract: Multicast traffic in a communication network may be obtained via subscription. For example, the multicast traffic may be obtained via a local subscription, via a visited domain of a mobile node for example, or a remote subscription, via a home domain of a mobile node for example, A network entity, such as a Mobile Access Gateway (MAG) and/or a local multicast router for example, may be used to manage the routing of the multicast traffic to the mobile node. The network entity may manage the multicast traffic using one or more multicast policies that may indicate how to route the multicast traffic to a mobile node.

Abstract: A system and method of transferring cells through a router includes writing one or more of the plurality of cells, including a first cell, of a packet from an ingress stream of an ingress writer to a central buffer, storing a packet identifier entry in the first egress reader scoreboard in each of the plurality of egress readers, the packet identifier entry including a packet identifier, a valid bit, a hit bit and a write cell count, wherein the valid bit is configured to indicate that the packet identifier entry is valid, the hit bit is configured to indicate that no cells in the packet have been read from the central buffer and the write cell count equals the number of cells in the packet written to the central buffer, and reading the packet from the central buffer as a function of the packet identifier entry.

Abstract: A message ordering and idempotency enforcement process utilizing at least one computing device ensures the ordered processing of asynchronously received messages and avoids reprocessing of messages that have already been successfully processed, the process receives a message identified by entity ID, message sequence number and content. The process identifies the message according to the entity ID, message sequence number and content and selects selected views of data from a view data repository applicable to the message and then inserts the message in a buffer according to message sequence number for execution of messages in message sequence order. The process then recording the last message processed according to message sequence number for an entity ID within each selected view in the view data repository.

Abstract: Provided is a method of transmitting and receiving data using a persistent allocation scheme in order to effectively support a voice service between a base station and a mobile terminal in a packet based mobile communication system. When an error occurs in transmitting control information that indicates whether to use a radio resource using the persistent allocation scheme, the base station may retransmit the control information and thereby maintain a communication quality.

Abstract: Introduced here is a technique for using a network switch device, which may include commodity switching fabric, to route packets through an inline tool, without introducing any additional information to the packets. The introduced technique modifies standard capability of packet forwarding and learning port-to-MAC address associations to route data packets through the inline tool. The technique may include applying two override settings to the network device. A first override setting involves a forwarding rule that is based on the arrival port and the content of the packet. A second override setting involves disabling the MAC address learning mechanism for the packet received from the inline tool via the second tool port of the network device.

Abstract: Described is a system for determining reliability of nodes in a mobile wireless network. The system is operable for receiving an Exploitation Network (Xnet) database. The Xnet database has an Xnet structure formed of a physical node layer (NetTopo), a network dependent (NetDep) layer, and an application dependent (AppDep) layer. The NetTopo layer includes NetTopo graphs reflecting connectivity between the nodes. The NetDep layer includes NetDep graphs reflecting connectivity dependencies amongst the nodes, and the AppDep layer includes Appdep graphs reflecting software application dependencies amongst the nodes. An Xnet Analytics Engine is run that monitors and evaluates reliability of each node in the mobile wireless network to provide a reliability estimate of each node.

Abstract: A data delivery method in a software defined network provides an optimized network delivery service. The method calculates an optimized tree transmission path from among several possible paths between a source client and a destination client. In addition, a unicast transmission is used to optimize a multicast transmission service.

Abstract: Provided is a method for multicast forwarding in a TRILL network. The method includes that: when receiving remote multicast data, a routing bridge forwards the multicast data according to capability information of terminals adhered to the routing bridge. An apparatus and a routing bridge for multicast forwarding in a TRILL network are also provided. The technical solutions of the present disclosure take the scenario that a smart terminal and an ordinary terminal together access a TRILL network into consideration, so that address learning is performed between smart terminals through the multicast data, thereby ensuring normal data transmission.

Abstract: A wireless communication system includes a terminal capability information reception unit to receive and extract terminal capability information, the terminal capability information indicating at least one of an uplink frequency bandwidth as a capability of a wireless terminal device and a downlink frequency bandwidth as a capability of the wireless terminal device; a terminal category setting unit to identify a terminal category to which the wireless terminal device belongs, based on the terminal capability information; and a link setting unit to set a link between a base station and the wireless terminal device and to transmit a control signal depending on the link setting between the base station and the wireless terminal device, based on the terminal category set by the terminal category setting unit.

Abstract: A system, apparatus, and method are provided for operating a peer-to-peer communication environment. The environment includes one or more clusters of peer devices, wherein devices in a single cluster are organized into a logical hierarchy under an anchor master (at the root of the hierarchy) and any number of synchronization masters; other devices are non-master devices. Synchronization parameters established by the anchor master and disseminated throughout the hierarchy enable the clusters' devices to rendezvous, discover peers and services, and communicate among themselves. The anchor master may adjust the synchronization parameters to avoid conflict with another hierarchy. Each device issues beacons (e.g., heartbeats, discovery beacons) that identify the number of devices synchronized with the reporting device, which allows the anchor master to calculate the total number of cluster members. Devices may also report details of a neighboring cluster (e.g.

Abstract: In an embodiment, an apparatus includes: a plurality of islands configured on a semiconductor die, each of the plurality of islands having a plurality of cores; and a plurality of network switches configured on the semiconductor die and each associated with one of the plurality of islands, where each network switch includes a plurality of output ports, a first set of the output ports are each to couple to the associated network switch of an island via a point-to-point interconnect and a second set of the output ports are each to couple to the associated network switches of a plurality of islands via a point-to-multipoint interconnect. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: An apparatus associated with a first domain, the apparatus comprising a processor configured to compute a portion of a Point-to-Multipoint (P2MP) path, wherein the P2MP path spans a plurality of domains including the first domain, wherein the apparatus does not require knowledge of a core tree of domains to compute the portion of the P2MP path.

Abstract: A method for routing a multicast stream is disclosed. The method comprises providing an overlay network comprising at least one controller; and a plurality of routers communicatively coupled to the at least one controller; receiving by the controller, multicast control information from each of the plurality of routers; creating by the controller, a routing tree based on the multicast control information; receiving by a first router, a request to join a multicast stream from a first receiver; locating a route to a replication point for the stream within the overlay network based on the routing tree; creating a secure communications path between the first router and the replication point over a unicast transport network; receiving, by the first receiver, a multicast stream from the replication point via the secure communications path; and de-encapsulating the multicast stream and forward it to the first receiver.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus for selective MAC address learning are disclosed. In one aspect, multiple different packets are received by a telecommunications device. The multiple different packets include different source MAC addresses. For each of the multiple different packets, a distribution type is determined. The distribution type is one of a one-to-one distribution type or a one-to-many distribution type. Based on the determined distribution type of the particular packet, a forwarding table of the telecommunications device is selectively updated. When the particular packet has the one-to-many distribution type, a source MAC address that is included in the particular packet is not stored in the forwarding table. When the particular packet has the one-to-one distribution type, the source MAC address that is included in the particular packet is stored in the forwarding table.

Abstract: A grouping method based on machine type communication (MTC), used in a communications system, including: broadcasting, by a base station, grouping requests to a plurality of user equipments (UEs) in an area; determining, by the base station, whether there is at least one group leader among the UEs; and receiving, by the base station, a grouping report from the group leader when determining that there is a group leader among the UEs, wherein the grouping report records UE identifiers of the UEs in a group corresponding to the group leader.

Abstract: There is disclosed apparatus and methods of multicasting in a shared address space. A shared memory address space may include two or more multicast portions. Each multicast portion may be associated with a respective end point and with at least one other multicast portion. Data units may be transmitted to at least some of the end points via memory-mapped I/O into the shared memory address space. When a destination address of a data unit is in a first multicast portion associated with a first end point, the data unit may be transmitted to the first end point, revised to specify a destination address in a second multicast portion associated with the first multicast portion, and transmitted to a second end point associated with the second multicast portion.