Abstract: A method including receiving, by a first device in communication with a second device in a mesh network, communication information indicating a meshnet address associated with the second device to be utilized for communicating meshnet data with the second device; and updating, by the first device, a meshnet address map to indicate an association of the second user device with the meshnet address. Various other aspects are contemplated.

Abstract: A routing rule management method and a communications apparatus, where after a first user plane function network element receives, through a protocol data unit (PDU) session, a first data packet, from a terminal, whose source address is a first address, the first user plane function network element generates a first routing rule corresponding to the PDU session when determining that the first address is an unknown media access control (MAC) address, and where the first routing rule is used to forward, to the PDU session, a data packet sent to the first address. After detecting the unknown MAC address, the first user plane function network element may generate a routing rule corresponding to the unknown MAC address without involvement of a session management function network element.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a network control method, an apparatus, and a system, to manage an IP network and an optical network together, thereby properly controlling use of resources of an entire network. The method includes: obtaining first link state information and second link state information, where the first link state information is used to indicate a link state of an Internet Protocol IP network, and the second link state information is used to indicate a link state of an optical network; determining third link state information based on the first link state information and the second link state information, where the third link state information includes the link state of the IP network and the link state of the optical network; and computing a path based on the third link state information.

Abstract: Solutions for access traffic steering, switching, and splitting (ATSSS) include: receiving, from a user equipment (UE), channel performance information for: a first channel passing from the UE, through a radio access network (RAN) and a packet routing node, to an external remote node, a second channel passing from the UE, through a local wireless node, a routing node, and the packet routing node, to the external remote node, and a third channel passing from the UE, through the local wireless node and an external computer network, to the external remote node; based on at least the channel performance information, selecting an initial channel from among the first channel, the second channel, and the third channel; and instructing the UE to steer a protocol data unit (PDU) session between the UE and the external remote node to at least the initial channel.

Abstract: Novel tools and techniques are provided for implementing name-based routing through networks. In various embodiments, a broker manager in each of a plurality of networks may receive a subscription request for a network device from a client device, each device being locally accessible or disposed in an upstream or downstream network. The broker manager uses its client broker to communicate with a locally accessible client device, and uses its mediator broker (and, sometimes, an intermediate device(s)) to communicate with a locally accessible network device. The broker manager otherwise uses its messaging brokers to communicate with control channels of one or more networks. Once subscription with the network device has been established, any commands and responses between the client device and the network device may be routed over pub/sub channels via the broker managers and their brokers using name-based routing, without routing based on IP address of the network device.

Abstract: Aggregation of noisy datasets into a master firmographic database. In an embodiment, firmographic records are received from a plurality of sources, and normalized into a common schema. One or more firmographic records may be cleaned by replacing a value of one or more fields in those firmographic record(s) with a value of those field(s) in another firmographic record. The firmographic records may then be clustered, and each of the clusters may be collapsed into a single conflated firmographic record based on a voting process. A master identifier may be generated for each conflated firmographic record, and the conflated firmographic records may be merged into a master firmographic database that is indexed by master identifiers.

Abstract: A velocity of a device of a user is detected using one or more sensors of the device. If the detected velocity is within a first range, a determination is made that the user is driving. A presence update is transmitted to a server based on the detected velocity. The detected velocity may include altitude data. The server receives the presence update and updates a presence status based on the presence update. The server transmits a user interface (UI) output to a second device to update a user presence indication on a display of the second device.

Abstract: A routing system for implementing a service and topology exchange protocol (STEP) includes a primary STEP server configured to maintain a STEP repository and a plurality of routers, with each router including a STEP client in communication with the primary STEP server. The STEP client of each router is configured to transmit, using STEP, STEP documents containing service and topology state information for at least one route or service available through the router to the primary STEP server for storage in the STEP repository. The primary STEP server is configured to transmit to the STEP client of each router, using STEP, service and topology state information from the STEP repository for at least one other router based on configured relationships between routers. Each router is configured to make routing decisions based at least in part on the service and topology state information from the at least one other router.

Abstract: Disclosed are techniques for a processing device including a mesh network connecting at least a request node device, multiple home node devices, and multiple slave node devices. In an aspect, the request node device may select a target home node device. The home node devices may be divided into M groups of home node devices. The request may be routed from the request node device to the target home node device. The target home node device may select a target slave node device from a target group of M groups of slave node devices associated with a target group of the M groups of home node devices to which the target home node device belongs. The request may be routed from the target home node device to the target slave node device.

Abstract: A packet control apparatus includes a transmission source device configured to add processing wait information that indicates whether to permit immediate processing to a packet to be transmitted to a destination, and a transmission target device configured to, in a case where the processing wait information is added to the packet, wait for and receive a processing permission notification that indicates a completion of a preceding packet from the transmission source device, and process the packet, the transmission target device being a device of the destination, wherein the transmission source device and the transmission target device are coupled to each other through a bus.

Abstract: Described are data abstraction systems, methods, and media for aggregating and abstracting data records from data providers, which are not substantially interoperable with each other. Features include data provider connector modules dynamically loaded, based on definitions stored on disk, that facilitate data mapping and individual matching.

Abstract: A data processing device incorporates a plurality of chiplets having working elements such as processing and memory elements. At least one of the working elements is operative to generate messages directed to working elements of the same chiplet or another one of the chiplets. Each message includes a global address. An evaluation circuit determines whether the global address of a message is within a range of global addresses assigned to the chiplet. If so, the message passes to a translation circuit which translates the message to a local address for routing to a working element of the chiplet. If not, the message is dispatched to one or more other chiplets.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided to use a signed connection identifier to route packets of network traffic. Each network host can include a network device that independently routes the packets of network traffic without sharing state information with other network devices. A network device can receive a packet of network traffic and determine if the packet of network traffic includes a signed connection identifier. If the packet does not include a signed connection identifier, the network device can perform a load balancing operation to select a network host for the packet and generate a signed connection identifier for the packet identifying the selected network host. If the packet does include a signed connection identifier, the network device can encapsulate the packet and route the packet to a particular network host based on the signed connection identifier.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for improved routing operations in a network computing environment. A system includes a network topology comprising a plurality of spine nodes and a plurality of leaf nodes, wherein a link between a first spine node and a first leaf node is inactive. The first spine node includes one or more processors configurable to execute instructions stored in non-transitory computer readable storage media. The instructions include receiving a packet to be transmitted to the first leaf node. The instructions include identifying an alternative spine node at a same level in the network topology. The instructions include attaching a tunnel label to the packet, wherein the tunnel label indicates the packet should be transmitted to the alternative spine node.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for mapping storage volumes to storage processing nodes in a storage system. One method comprises determining a number of input/output operations associated with each of multiple storage volumes, wherein the input/output operations associated with a given storage volume are processed by a corresponding storage processing node based on a mapping of the storage volumes to the storage processing nodes; obtaining constraints that limit the input/output operations processed by at least a subset of the storage processing nodes; identifying at least one possible mapping of the storage volumes to the storage processing nodes that satisfy the constraints; and selecting an alternative mapping of the storage volumes to the storage processing nodes by applying a designated function to the at least one possible mapping. The input/output operations may comprise read operations and write operations, and the read and write operations may be balanced separately.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, and techniques to route data transfers between hardware devices. In at least one embodiment, a path over which to transfer data from a first hardware component of a computer system to a second hardware component of a computer system is determined based, at least in part, on one or more characteristics of different paths usable to transfer the data.

Abstract: A method and system to communicate VPN server information to a client application without providing a full list of VPN server IP addresses. Instead, the method includes VPN server selection criteria that can be requested by client applications, such as “Free or Premium servers”, “Geolocation”, “Load”, “Streaming and protocol capabilities”, etc. A tagged data payload (e.g., JSON) can be used to provide these criteria, upon a request by a client application. Various groupings of VPN servers can be represented by the above criteria. The method provides a means for communicating the available VPN servers to a client application without sending and revealing the full list of VPN servers stored in the VPN infrastructure. This makes the VPN server selection efficient, reduces network load and VPN tunnel establishing time, also, ensures confidentiality of VPN server lists that is important for any of VPN service providers and users.

Abstract: Remote Triggered Black Holes (RTBHs) can be precisely placed on networks that are not directly physically connected to a target of an attack. A network source of a potential attack can be determined. A path between the network source and the target can be identified, and a determination can be made as to which networks along that path subscribe to an attack mitigation service. From multiple identified subscriber networks, a subscriber network can be identified that is determined to be appropriate for placement of a black hole to mitigate the attack. Once selected, the identified network can receive attack information and acknowledge placement of the black hole. The subscriber network can then begin discarding traffic for the attack target. A subscriber-owned list of network prefixes can be reviewed before allowing RTBH injection for a corresponding address space.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, and techniques to route data transfers between hardware devices. In at least one embodiment, a path over which to transfer data from a first hardware component of a computer system to a second hardware component of a computer system is determined based, at least in part, on one or more characteristics of different paths usable to transfer the data.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. In some wireless communications systems, a user equipment (UE) may utilize opportunistic cooperative relaying to support exchanging packets between UEs without establishing or maintaining beamforming alignment between the UEs. Specifically, a source UE may invite nearby UEs (e.g., helper UEs) that receive a sidelink transmission (e.g., a packet meant for a different destination UE) to perform a single frequency network (SFN)-type transmission to opportunistically relay the packet to the destination UE. The helper UEs may receive, decode, and transmit the sidelink signaling from the source UE without establishing or configuring a relay agreement with the source UE. The destination UE may receive the sidelink signaling via cascading, SFN-type transmissions by one or more helper UEs. The destination UE may respond to the sidelink signaling with feedback information via one or more helper UEs or directly to the source UE.

Abstract: This application provides a route event record entry processing method, a network device, and a control device. The method includes: obtaining, by a network device, first information and second information that correspond to a route prefix, where the first information is used to indicate information about a first route policy for the route prefix, and the second information is used to indicate attribute information obtained after processing the route prefix by using the first route policy; and generating, by the network device, a route event record entry for the route prefix based on the first information and the second information, where the route event record entry includes the route prefix, the first information, and the second information.

Abstract: Described embodiments provide for dynamically optimizing the number of application layer streams that may be multiplexed into a single transport layer connection, providing the advantages of application layer multiplexing without incurring unnecessary congestion-based network delays. A device may monitor net bandwidth and packet loss rates for a connection, and may dynamically increase and decrease a number of concurrent application layer streams to balance throughput and congestion avoidance. As congestion increases, the device may reduce concurrent stream limits in order to spawn additional transport layer connections, allowing faster congestion recovery and reduced performance impairment.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the disclosure are directed to fault isolation in data communications centers. According to a specific example, a data communications server is provided including circuitry configured and arranged to isolate quality or termination issues in a data communications center. The data communications server may retrieve server data relating to data communications routed by the data communications server, and receive from a plurality of endpoint devices communicatively coupled to the data communications server, endpoint data relating to the routed communications. The data communications server may identify data communications quality or data communications termination issues based on the server data and the endpoint data, and identify at least one zone among a plurality of zones of the data communications center associated with the data communications quality or data communications termination issues using a tiered fault isolation process and based on the server data and endpoint data.

Abstract: Described herein are systems and methods to improve multicast network performance by improving bootstrap message (BSM) in a bootstrap router (BSR). After BSR election, all candidate Rendezvous Points (C-RPs) send their group-to-RP mapping information to the elected BSR (E-BSR). The E-BSR collects the group-to-RP information from C-RPs and forms bootstrap message (BSM) comprising information of a RP set. A global flag and one or more group flags are incorporated into the BSM to indicate whether the BSM has changed since last transmission and which part of the BSM has changed. The length of the BSM to be transmitted may be dynamically determined. Upon receiving the BSM, each multicast router may operate according to the flags embedded in the BSM. Therefore, the processing process for the BSM at multicast router side may be simplified.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a data processing array having a plurality of array tiles. Each array tile can include a random-access memory (RAM) having a local memory interface accessible by circuitry within the array tile and an adjacent memory interface accessible by circuitry disposed within an adjacent array tile. Each adjacent memory interface of each array tile can include isolation logic that is programmable to allow the circuitry disposed within the adjacent array tile to access the RAM or prevent the circuitry disposed within the adjacent array tile from accessing the RAM. The data processing array can be subdivided into a plurality of partitions wherein the isolation logic of the adjacent memory interfaces is programmed to prevent array tiles from accessing RAMs across a boundary between the plurality of partitions.

Abstract: A system and method for managing memory resources. In some embodiments the system includes a first server, a second server, and a server-linking switch connected to the first server and to the second server. The first server may include a stored-program processing circuit, a cache-coherent switch, and a first memory module. In some embodiments, the first memory module is connected to the cache-coherent switch, the cache-coherent switch is connected to the server-linking switch, and the stored-program processing circuit is connected to the cache-coherent switch.

Abstract: A communication apparatus includes a first notification unit, a second notification unit, a reception unit, and a sharing unit. The first notification unit provides first information containing information unique to the communication apparatus and information on a predetermined channel for use in sharing a communication parameter for wireless communication with a different communication apparatus. The second notification unit provides second information containing the information unique to the communication apparatus but not containing information on the predetermined channel. When the first information is provided, the reception unit waits to receive a predetermined signal containing information corresponding to the information unique to the communication apparatus without shifting to another channel. When the second information is provided, the reception unit waits to receive the predetermined signal using a plurality of channels.

Abstract: Systems and methods which provide for bidirectional data parity in a multi-service connected environment using a canonicalization and order connection data structure are described. Bidirectional data parity logic using a canonicalization and order connection data structure with respect to a plurality of systems of a multi-service connected environment may provide for the state of a particular order and/or other data for that order being accurately reflected in each such system for which corresponding record is maintained. Using a canonicalization database and an order connection database, bidirectional data parity logic may recognize all records for a particular instance of an order as being for that order, and thus provide data parity for that order throughout all systems having a record for that order instance.

Abstract: A system for private networking within a virtual infrastructure is presented. The system includes a virtual machine (VM) in a first host, the VM being associated with a first virtual network interface card (VNIC), a second VM in a second host, the second VM being associated with a second VNIC, the first and second VNICs being members of a fenced group of computers that have exclusive direct access to a private virtual network, wherein VNICs outside the fenced group do not have direct access to packets on the private virtual network, a filter in the first host that encapsulates a packet sent on the private virtual network from the first VNIC, the encapsulation adding to the packet a new header and a fence identifier for the fenced group, and a second filter in the second host that de-encapsulates the packet to extract the new header and the fence identifier.

Abstract: Systems and methods in a node in an MPLS network include determining a plurality of services supported at the node; determining a bitmask to represent the plurality of services supported at the node, wherein the bitmask includes a starting service and each subsequent bit representing another service of the plurality of services and with each bit in the bitmask set based on the plurality of services supported at the node; and transmitting an advertisement to other nodes in the network with the bitmask based on the plurality of services supported at the node. The steps can further include transmitting a packet associated with a service of the plurality of services with an MPLS label stack including one or more transport labels for a destination of the packet, a service label identifying the service, and a source label identifying a source Internet Protocol (IP) address of the packet.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting data using moving communication nodes. A network element can communicate with a plurality of moving communication simultaneously. The network element identifies a plurality of potential initial nodes for transmitting data to a desired destination. The network element can then evaluate each of the potential initial nodes using one or more selection criteria. The initial node can be selected from the plurality of potential initial nodes as the potential initial node that best satisfies the selection criteria. The transmission to the initial node can act as the first link in a data route from the network element to the desired geographic destination.

Abstract: In an example, a method includes computing, by a computing device, for a segment routing policy that specifies a bandwidth constraint for the segment routing policy, first shortest paths through a network of network nodes, wherein each shortest path of the first shortest paths represents a different sequence of links connecting pairs of the network nodes from a source to a destination; in response to determining, by the computing device based on the bandwidth constraint for the segment routing policy, a link of one of the first shortest paths has insufficient bandwidth to meet a required bandwidth for the link, increasing a metric of the link; computing, by the computing device, for the segment routing policy that specifies the bandwidth constraint, based on the increased metric of the link, second shortest paths through the network of network nodes; and provisioning the second shortest paths in the network of nodes.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes generating a subgraph from a dependency graph. The subgraph includes one or more potential paths between an event interest node and an event generator node of the dependency graph. The method also includes activating the event interest node and assigning, in response to activating the event interest node, a color to nodes along the one or more potential paths of the subgraph from the event interest node to the event generator node. The method further includes modifying the event generator node and modifying, in response to modifying the event generator node, one or more of the nodes along the one or more potential paths of the subgraph from the event generator node to the event interest node.

Abstract: Systems and methods for implementing sequenced filter templates to intelligently reduce a dataset to find useful patterns and source data are disclosed. An expert investigative user may configure a filter template comprising a series of filters organized in a sequence desired by the expert user. The filter template can be customized by an end user to reduce a dataset and perform guide investigation of the reduced dataset.

Abstract: Example methods are provided for a first switch to perform congestion-aware load balancing in a data center network. The method may comprise: receiving probe packets from multiple next-hop second switches that connect the first switch with a third switch via multiple paths. The method may also comprise: processing congestion state information in each probe packet to select a selected next-hop second switch from the multiple next-hop second switches, the selected next-hop second switch being associated with a least congested path from the first switch to the third switch. The method may further comprise: in response to receiving data packets from a fourth switch that are destined for a destination connected with the third switch, sending the data packets to the selected next-hop second switch such that the data packets travel to the third switch along the least congested path.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for wireless in-vehicle networking. A method that may be performed by a device in a vehicle includes wirelessly transmitting a data packet directly via a first device-to-device (D2D) communication link to another device in the vehicle; monitoring for an acknowledgment (ACK) of the data packet; deciding whether to retransmit the data packet to the other device, based on the monitoring; and wirelessly transmitting the data packet to a transmission relay, wherein an intended destination of the data packet is the other device, wherein the monitoring for the ACK comprises monitoring for a first ACK from the other device and a second ACK from the transmission relay.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a switch system. The switch includes a port that couples to a server hosting a number of virtual machines. The switch also includes a link tracking module. During operation, the link tracking module determines that reachability to at least one end host coupled to a virtual cluster switch of which the switch is a member is disrupted. The link tracking module then determines that at least one virtual machine coupled to the port is affected by the disrupted reachability, and communicates to the server hosting the affected virtual machine about the disrupted reachability.

Abstract: A method for detecting an IPv6 aliased prefix based on fragmented fingerprint includes: generating a plurality of pseudo random addresses in a target prefix space; determining the target prefix as an active prefix; and determining that the plurality of the pseudo random addresses and the active prefix are configured on the same host, so as to identify the active prefix as the aliased prefix. This method may effectively discover a network host, reduce the cost of network detection, and provide more effective data support for network measurement, network surveying and mapping and security research.

Abstract: A dataflow hierarchy protocol is implemented by one or more devices to optimize how the one or more devices process datagrams for network communications. The dataflow hierarchy considers various available network pathways for dataflow. A device implementing the dataflow hierarchy selects one or more of the available network pathways to provide low latency in data communication with other devices. The device may sample various available network pathways to determine pathway metrics (e.g., latency) and select one or more network pathways based on the metrics. The available network pathways can include pathways through one or more intermediary nodes, such as pathways through a game server, pathways through a cell tower, and pathways through a network.

Abstract: A relay device for call processing according to an embodiment may include: a database; a protocol relay unit; a call processing unit for checking whether a sender and recipient of a call are subscribers stored in the database, on the basis of an income SIP signal through the protocol relay unit, and providing the income SIP signal to an external call routing server when the sender of the call is the subscriber and the recipient of the call is not the subscriber; and a packet processing unit for rearranging incoming call packets of the call according to the sequence of the call packets and adjusting transmission speed of the rearranged call packets according to the situation in which the call packets are incoming.

Abstract: A multi-host system, a host equipment, and an operation method for sharing a human-machine interface device are provided. The host equipment is controlled by human interface device (HID) operation information from another host equipment. The host equipment includes a universal serial bus (USB) host and a USB bridge device. The USB host receives the HID operation information from the another host equipment through a communication channel, and outputs the HID operation information through a USB downstream port of the USB host. A USB upstream port of the USB bridge device is coupled to the USB downstream port of the USB host to receive the HID operation information. The USB bridge device returns the HID operation information in an HID report form to the USB downstream port of the USB host through the USB upstream port of the USB bridge device.

Abstract: A distributed network system for call processing, according to one embodiment, includes: a plurality of relay devices; and a call routing server for managing information about the plurality of relay devices and information about subscribers registered to the plurality of relay devices, where each of the plurality of relay devices can include: a database; a protocol relay unit; a call processing unit for checking whether the sender of a call and the receiver of the call are at least one subscriber, on the basis of an SIP signal incoming through the protocol relay unit; and a packet processing unit for realigning incoming phone call packets of the call according to the sequence of the phone call packets, and adjusting the transmission speed of the realigned phone call packets according to a situation in which the phone call packets are incoming.

Abstract: A system may include a mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) including nodes. The nodes may include beacon-based clusterhead (BB-CH) nodes and members. Each of the nodes may be configured to transmit communication data packets and transmit beacons. Each of the nodes may have passive spatial awareness. For each of at least some of the BB-CH nodes having members, a BB-CH node may be configured to compile spatial awareness information of all members of the BB-CH node. The compiled spatial awareness information may include a BB-CH node identification, position-location information (PLI) of the BB-CH node, a quantity of the members, and a member list with PLI. For each of the at least some of the BB-CH nodes, the BB-CH node may be configured to broadcast, via efficient flooding, some or all of the compiled spatial awareness information to every connected node.

Abstract: A control apparatus (40) is configured to acquire a required end-to-end performance required for an end-to-end path from a first end node to a second end node, and determine each required segment performance required for a respective one of the path segments based on the required end-to-end performance. The control apparatus (40) is further configured to communicate with a node included in each path segment or communicate with an entity controlling the path segment to enforce a corresponding one of the required segment performances in the path segment. The control apparatus (40) is further configured to update a required segment performance currently enforced in at least one path segment based on an achievement status of each of the required segment performances in the respective path segments. It is thus, for example, possible to contribute to guaranteeing the required end-to-end performance even when quality of each path segment changes.

Abstract: Devices and methods for protecting server devices from physical attacks use an encrypted overlay network to securely communicate between a trusted network and one or more host computer devices in communication with the trusted network. The devices and methods may generate VPN tunnels to communicate directly with individual host computer devices. The devices and methods may securely transmit data packets between the trusted network and the host computer devices using the VPN tunnels.

Abstract: Aspects relate to techniques for delaying accept request messages for sidelink network coded communication. A network coding device can receive from a transmitting wireless communication device a sidelink transmission including a packet and a network coding request flag requesting the network coding device perform retransmission(s) of the packet. The network coding device can then receive feedback information for the first packet from a receiving wireless communication device that received the packet at a first time. In addition, the network coding device can transmit an accept request message to the transmitting device indicating whether the network coding device accepts performing retransmission(s) of the packet at a second time different than the first time.

Abstract: An information interaction method and apparatus, a server, a system and a storage medium are provided. The method includes: receiving a group creating request message including an identification of a group member and create a discussion group including the group member based on the group creating request message, where the group creating request message is sent by a mail server; and send a group creating notification message to an IM client device of the group member, to display the discussion group on the IM client device based on the group creating notification message. Information intercommunication and fusion in different servers can be realized by means of the cooperative working of an IM server and a mail server, thereby improving the information processing efficiency and satisfying office requirements of a user.

Abstract: A coordinated network service that facilitates the design and implementation of a coordinated device network of IoT devices. The coordinated network service defines modules for individual IoT devices or coordinated devices that specify the necessary inputs to the device, the outputs from the device and communication protocols. Via an interface, user devices can select a set of IoT devices and specify how they are connected and the decision making logic associated with communication flow. The coordinated network service can then automatically generate mapping information that implements the decision making logic and provides necessary transformations for communications between the specified devices. The selected modules and mappings form a workflow for the coordinated device network. The coordinated network service can then generate executable code to implement the formed workflow in a coordinated device network.

Abstract: System on a chip, comprising several master pieces of equipment, several slave resources, an interconnection circuit capable of routing transactions between master pieces of equipment and slave resources, and a processing unit at least configured to allow a user of the system on a chip to implement within the system on a chip at least one configuration diagram of this system defined by a set of configuration pieces of information including at least one piece of identification information assigned to each master piece of equipment, The identification pieces of information are intended to be attached to all the transactions emitted by the corresponding master pieces of equipment, the set of configuration pieces of information not being used for addressing the slave resources receiving the transactions and being used to define an assignment of at least one piece of master equipment to at least some of the slave resources.

Abstract: A communication session may be broken up into many smaller packet bundles over many tunnels and over different routes in order to obfuscate the entire data stream. Apparatuses may dynamically build hop-by-hop tunnels in a backbone telecommunications network, segment data into packet bundles at the customer edge, or break up data traffic of a communication session along multiple routing or switching paths in order to obfuscate the data traffic of the communication session.