Abstract: A novel method for troubleshooting a logical network is provided. The logical network has logical forwarding elements operating inside virtual network forwarding engines. The method receives a source identifier and a destination identifier that correspond to nodes in the logical network. The method then retrieves a set of network data from a virtual network forwarding engine and identifies a path in the logical network by traversing the logical network according to the retrieved set of network data. This traversal starts at an initial network node that is identified by the source identifier and continues through a set of next-hop network nodes that are each identified based on the destination identifier. At least some of the network nodes are logical ports associated with logical forwarding elements implemented by the virtual network forwarding engine. The method then reports the set of traversed logical nodes.

Abstract: Control information for configuring an audiovisual device to present multimedia content according to a first service type may be generated. A method may include generating first control information for configuring an audiovisual device to decode a multimedia stream, generating first data that indicates a structure of the first control information, and transmitting the first data and the first control information. The first control information may be generated according to a first protocol version. Second data and second control information may be similarly generated and transmitted according to a second protocol version. Disclosed techniques may facilitate receiving devices to determine whether they support received wireless transmissions and decode the transmissions based on the control information.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a Virtio port-based data transmission method and system, and relates to the field of virtualization technologies. The method includes: determining, by a Vswitch, when receiving first data content sent by a physical adapter, a first Vswitch logical port that sends the first data content, and adding a port identifier of the first Vswitch logical port into the first data content; sending, by the Vswitch, the first data content to a Vrouter by using the first Vswitch logical port and a Virtio port shared by the Vswitch and the Vrouter; receiving, by the Vrouter, the first data content by using a first Vrouter logical port uniquely corresponding to the port identifier of the first Vswitch logical port, and sending the first data content to a first virtual network adapter corresponding to the first Vrouter logical port.

Abstract: A method of performing ingress traffic optimization for active/active data centers. The method creates site-specific grouping constructs for virtual machines that run applications that are advertised to the external networks. The site specific grouping constructs provide an abstraction to decouple virtual machines from traditional networks for common ingress network policies. Each site-specific container includes a list of the virtual machines currently located at the site as well as a unique identifier of the site. Each virtual machine in a container is identified through the abstraction of metadata tag, logical data center objects, or the virtual machine's unique name. The IP address of each virtual machine is retrieved from the guest operating system and a network policy is generated to advertise the IP addresses of the virtual machines to the site's routing peer.

Abstract: Systems and methods for routing traffic through a network along Label-Switched Paths (LSPs) that may extend across multiple autonomous systems include performing Internet Protocol (IP) routing lookups as a packet is transmitted along the LSP. In one implementation, a packet having a predetermined value (which may be inserted by an upstream network device) is received at a network device after travelling along a first segment of an LSP. In response to identifying the predetermined label value of the packet, the network device may perform an IP routing lookup using IP routing information included in the packet to identify a next hop for the packet. The network device may then update a label of the packet such that the packet is routed along a second segment of the LSP and transmit the communication packet to the next hop.

Abstract: Computer systems and methods are disclosed to implement a virtual server using a multitenant serverless execution service (MTSES) and a request labeling endpoint outside the MTSES to identify the virtual server to worker nodes in the service. The MTSES is configured to host multiple virtual servers, and forward requests for the different virtual servers to dynamically selected worker nodes. However, in embodiments, the MTSES is not configured to determine the virtual server targeted by the requests. Accordingly, to allow the MTSES to support virtual servers that require knowledge of their identity, for example to authorize incoming requests, a request labeling endpoint is provided outside the MTSES to forward requests to the MTSES and automatically label individual requests with an endpoint identifier associated with their target virtual servers. In this manner, nodes in the MTSES can dynamically determine the virtual server that they are to assume for each request.

Abstract: A NAT method, apparatus and device are provided. According to the method, a target IP address and its reference port are obtained from a NAT resource pool, the reference port being a port in a corresponding consecutive port range. A first five-tuple is generated based on the target IP address, the reference port and an original five-tuple of the packet, and a second five-tuple is obtained by masking first-class bits of the reference port of the first five-tuple. Based on a hash result of the second five-tuple, a target bit indicating a non-conflicting state is determined from a pre-constructed bitmap. The state indicated by the target bit is set to be a conflicting state, and a target five-tuple is generated based on the target bit. The target five-tuple and the original five-tuple are recorded in a session table, and the packet is NAT-processed based on the target five-tuple.

Abstract: A frame is received at an agent. The frame is analyzed to determine that the frame is associated with a first known pod. IP information is reported to a backend process. The backend process is configured to stitch the IP information with other IP information reported by one or more additional agents to identify a second pod.

Abstract: A data processing system includes a memory channel, a memory coupled to the memory channel, and a data processor. The data processor is coupled to the memory channel and accesses the memory over the memory channel using a packet structure defining a plurality of commands and having corresponding address bits, data bits, and user bits. The data processor communicates with the memory over the memory channel using a first type of error code. In response to a write access request, the data processor calculates a different, second type of error code and appends each bit of the second type of error code as a corresponding one of the user bits. The memory stores the user bits in the memory in response to a write command, and transfers the user bits to the data processor in a read response packet in response to a read command.

Abstract: A device and a method for managing and controlling an end-to-end network in a wireless communication system are provided. The management device for controlling an end-to-end network in a wireless communication system includes a network slice manager configured to configure network slices for a terminal, a policy manager configured to set a policy applied to the network slices and a software defined network (SDN) device configured to control one or more network entities related to transmission of traffic for the network slices, based on the policy, wherein each of the network slices are configured for a different frequency band.

Abstract: A communication system and method are disclosed for transmitting packets of information in at least one first format over a communications link that utilizes packets of information in a second format. In certain embodiments, the packets of information in a first format are converted to packets of information in the second format prior to transmission via the communications link by packing and fragmenting the information in the first format in a coordinated manner. Embodiments may also utilize packing subheaders and fragmentation control bits in the packing and fragmentation processes.

Abstract: Provided is an intermediate system to intermediate system routing protocol based notification method. The method includes: within a delay period since an intermediate system (IS) establishes a new neighbor, notifying the outside through a link state protocol (LSP) data packet that a METRIC for traffic of the IS reaching the new neighbor is a preset value; after the delay period expires, restoring the METRIC to a normal value, where the preset value is greater than the normal value. Further provided are an intermediate system to intermediate system routing protocol based notification apparatus, a storage medium and a processor.

Abstract: Techniques are described for managing communications sent to and/or from multiple computing nodes, such as for a group of computing nodes that are part of one or more private networks. In at least some situations, the techniques are used in conjunction with providing network address translation (“NAT”) functionality to a group of computing nodes that share one or more networks, such as to provide NAT functionality in a distributed and asymmetric manner using multiple computing devices that perform different types of operations at different locations within the private network.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods and an electronic device for transmitting and receiving data. The data transmission method includes: determining a hash value of original data to be transmitted; determining whether the hash value exist in a predetermined set of hash values; in response to the hash value being present in the set of hash values, transmitting the hash value, rather than the original data, to a server; and in response to the hash value being absent from the set of hash values, transmitting the original data to the server; and adding the hash value to the set of hash values. The embodiments of the present disclosure can avoid transmitting duplicated data between a client and a server, and it is not required to add extra remote procedure calling commands between the client and the server.

Abstract: The disclosure provides an approach for enabling network functions to be executed in serverless computing environments. One embodiment employs a per-packet architecture, in which the trigger for launching a serverless computing instance is receipt of a packet. In such a case, each received packet is packaged into a request to invoke network function(s) required to process the packet, and a serverless computing environment in turn executes the requested network function(s) as serverless computing instance(s) that process the packet and return a response. Another embodiment employs a per-flow architecture in which the trigger for launching a serverless computing instance is receipt of a packet belonging to a new traffic flow. In such a case, a coordinator identifies (or receives notification of) a received packet that belongs to a new sub-flow and launches a serverless computing instance to process packets of the sub-flow that are redirected to the serverless computing instance.

Abstract: According to some example embodiments of the present disclosure, in a method for a memory lookup mechanism in a high-bandwidth memory system, the method includes: using a memory die to conduct a multiplication operation using a lookup table (LUT) methodology by accessing a LUT, which includes floating point operation results, stored on the memory die; sending, by the memory die, a result of the multiplication operation to a logic die including a processor and a buffer; and conducting, by the logic die, a matrix multiplication operation using computation units.

Abstract: A system, method and program product for provisioning a large scale network address translation (LSN) system. A system is disclosed that processes packets between a router and a TCP/IP network. The system includes a plurality of LSN appliances and a flow processor embedded in each of the plurality of LSN appliances. Each flow processor includes: a hash function that determines an owner appliance from the plurality of LSN appliances for a request received from the router based on a private IP address of the request; a look-up table that that determines the owner appliance from the plurality of LSN appliances for a response received from the TCP/IP network based on a public IP address of the response; and a packet routing system that routes a received request or a received response to the owner appliance.

Abstract: Provided is an information processing system including plural information processing devices each of which is accessible using first authentication information that is given to each of users, that varies among the users, and that is common to the plural information processing devices, access to a specific service from an accessed information processing device among the plural information processing devices being permitted using second authentication information that is given for the specific service to each of the users and that varies among the users. The information processing system includes a display controller and a storage controller.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to enabling transparency for network traffic through an off-net site using the concept of static Pseudo-Wire (PW) of arriving data packets at a Network Interface Device (NID). In one aspect, a method of providing transparent Ethernet private line service includes receiving, at a network interface device of an enterprise network, a packet, the enterprise network being configured to receive the Ethernet private line service from a service provider; determining, by the network interface device, whether the packet is a raw data packet or a statically pseudo-wired packet; and performing, by the network interface device, a pseudo-wire encapsulation process if the packet is the raw data packet or a pseudo-wire de-capsulation process if the packet is the statically pseudo-wired packet, prior to delivering the packet to a corresponding destination.

Abstract: System and method for using multiple global identification subnet prefix values in a network switch environment in a high performance computing environment. A packet is received from a network fabric by a first Host Channel Adapter (HCA). The packet has a header portion including a destination subnet prefix identifying a destination subnet of the network fabric. The network HCA is allowed to receive the first packet from a port of the network HCA by selectively determining a logical state of a flag and, selectively in accordance with a predetermined logical state of the flag, ignoring the destination subnet prefix identifying the destination subnet of the network fabric.

Abstract: System and method provide wireless distributed lighting control systems implementing a secure peer-to-peer, self-organizing and self-healing mesh network of actuators and system inputs. The system and method can be designed specifically for indoor and outdoor lighting where actuators include in-fixture, on-fixture and circuit control modules with ON/OFF and full range dimming capabilities, and system inputs include occupancy/vacancy sensors, daylight sensors and switches. A unique messaging protocol facilitates wireless and wired communication between actuators and system inputs, and provides web-based commissioning and monitoring of the lighting control system using a wireless access point accessible from a local network or Internet which can provide an intuitive and easy to use Graphical User Interface (GUI).

Abstract: Presented herein are methodologies for handling multicast traffic that is transmitted to mobile devices in a given basic service set (BSS). The methodology includes detecting membership of clients in an Internet Protocol (IP) multicast group in a basic service set of a wireless network; determining whether the IP multicast group and its associated multicast traffic meet predetermined criteria; when the IP multicast group and its associated multicast traffic meet the predetermined criteria, negotiating with each client in the IP multicast group to have a target wake time (TWT) that includes, at least, a coincident overlap window of sufficient duration to transmit the multicast traffic associated with the IP multicast group; and transmitting the multicast traffic associated with the IP multicast group during the coincident overlap window, wherein the coincident overlap window is different from a delivery traffic indication message (DTIM) service period.

Abstract: A packet-transmission method, a local edge device and a machine-readable storage medium are provided. The method includes: receiving a first notification message from an opposite edge device, parsing out a first host route from the first notification message, and adding a first forwarding table entry to a software forwarding table, wherein the first forwarding table entry includes a correspondence between the first host route and an interface receiving the first notification message; inquiring, after receiving a packet, a hardware forwarding table according to a destination address of the packet, if there is no forwarding table entry matched with the destination address in the hardware forwarding table, inquiring the software forwarding table according to the destination address of the packet, if there is a forwarding table entry matched with the destination address in the software forwarding table, sending the packet according to the forwarding table entry matched with the destination address.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method tracks congestion in a service function chain. The method includes receiving a packet at a service function forwarding node of the service function chain, the packet having an information packet, a transport header, and a network service header, forwarding the packet to a service function in accordance with the network service header, detecting congestion, and updating a congestion field in the network service header to indicate congestion was encountered in the service function chain.

Abstract: Techniques are described in which a centralized controller, such as a software defined networking (SDN) controller, constructs a service chain that includes a physical network function (PNF) between a bare metal server (BMS) and a virtual execution element (e.g., virtual machine or container), or in some instances a remote BMS, or vice-versa. In accordance with the techniques disclosed herein, the controller may construct an inter-network service chain that includes PNFs, or a combination of PNFs and virtualized network functions (VNFs). The controller may construct an inter-network service chain to steer traffic between a BMS and a virtual execution element or remote BMS through an inter-network service chain using Virtual Extensible Local Area Network (VXLAN) as an underlying transport technology through the service chain.

Abstract: Network architecture with network access controllers. In one embodiment, a method is disclosed. The method includes receiving a packet from a client device via an ingress network interface, wherein the packet comprises a first medium access control (MAC) address indicating a default network access controller. The method also includes identifying a source MAC address of the packet, wherein the source MAC address indicates a second MAC address of the client device. The method further includes identifying a second network access controller based on the source MAC address. The method further includes updating, by a packet forwarding component, a destination MAC address to indicate a third MAC address of the second network access controller. The method further includes forwarding the packet to the second network access controller via an egress network interface.

Abstract: An announcement protocol may allow disparate, and previously incompatible, content delivery network caches to exchange information and cache content for one another. Announcement data may be stored by the respective caches, and used to determine whether a cache is able to service an incoming request. URL prefixes may be included in the announcements to identify the content, and longest-match lookups may be used to help determine a secondary option when a first cache determines that it lacks a requested content.

Abstract: Systems, methods and devices for location-based services are disclosed in the present invention. A multiplicity of network devices, a database, and a server platform in network-based communication. The database stores a space-network model binding IP addresses and physical locations. The server platform is operable to generate at least one geofence in the space-network model and specify entitlements for the location-based services within the at least one geofence. The at least one geofence and specific entitlement are stored to the database. The multiplicity of network devices are configured to learn the space-network model and the at least one geofence and perform tasks based on the entitlements specified for the location-based services within the at least one geofence.

Abstract: A system generates a tailored contact plan using a set of contact commands that represent a contact plan of communication opportunities between nodes in a network, an identification of restricted nodes in the network, and an identification of a target node. The system processes the records in the contact plan by writing a record to the tailored contact plan when the record is not a contact command; or writing the record to the tailored contact plan when the record includes the contact command, and a source node in the record is not a restricted node or the source node in the record is the target node; or writing the record to the tailored contact plan when the record includes the contact command and the destination node in the record is the target node. The target node uses the tailored contact plan to route data through the network.

Abstract: Techniques for media endpoint configuration are described. In one embodiment, an apparatus may comprise a messaging server component operative to receive a media message addressed to a recipient user account, the media message comprising a media identifier for a media item; and send the media message to a recipient client device associated with the recipient user account; and a media management component operative to send a media endpoint list to a recipient client device, the media endpoint list operative to configure the recipient client device to retrieve the media item by identifying the media item with the media identifier to a media endpoint determined based on the media endpoint list. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for system resource management in self-healing networks by grouping End Point Groups (EPGs) into a plurality of policy groups based on shared security policies; identifying a first policy group with a highest resource demand; assigning a first security policy corresponding to the first policy group to a first switch of a plurality of switches; identifying a second plurality of EPGs from the remaining EPGs that were not included in the first policy group; grouping the second plurality of EPGs into a second plurality of policy groups based on shared security policies; identifying a second policy group with a highest resource demand of the second plurality of policy groups; and assigning a second security policy corresponding to the second policy group to a second switch of the plurality of switches.

Abstract: A communication device used in a wireless system that includes plural communication devices and executes communication via at least one of the plural communication devices. The communication device includes: first means for judging whether communication control information can be compressed or not on the basis of a neighboring node search message among the plural communication devices and a response thereto, or the exchange of routing control information according to an ad hoc routing protocol; and second means for compressing the information volume of the communication control information by judging the contents of the communication control information and deleting or replacing redundant information or constantly fixed information if the communication control information can be compressed.

Abstract: An operation method of an end node including a physical (PHY) layer unit and a controller unit in a vehicle network includes: detecting, by the controller unit, a local event; in response to detecting the local event, transitioning an operation state of the controller unit from an OFF state to an ON state; transmitting, by the controller unit, to the PHY layer unit an indicator requesting to transmit a wake-up signal in accordance with the local event; and transmitting, by the PHY layer unit, the wake-up signal including an identifier of at least one end node required to be woken up by the local event.

Abstract: One embodiment can provide for forwarding a packet. During operation, the system can identify a plurality of physical links for forwarding the packet received at a first physical port. In response to determining that one or more physical links within the identified plurality of physical links are coupled to a same line card where the first physical port resides, the system chooses one of the determined physical links coupled to the same line card for forwarding the packet. In response to determining that no physical link within the plurality of physical links is coupled to the same line card, the system chooses one physical link within the plurality of physical links for forwarding the packet.

Abstract: To promote efficient and reliable communication of beacons among neighboring nodes in a wireless network, instead of having each node transmit beacons over its operational channel and switch to a different channel to receive its one-hop neighbors' beacons, nodes may transmit beacons over a different channel (i.e., different from the operational channel) and receive beacons over their operational channels. These outgoing “visitor beacons” may contain the usual beacon information but most importantly specify the operating channel of the transmitting node over which conventional beacons may be transmitted and received.

Abstract: An example network device executes a plurality of virtual machines (VMs). The network device is configured to determine to assign a number of Internet protocol (IP) addresses to the plurality of VMs, the number of IP addresses being greater than two, determine a first IP address, determine a range value that is equal to or greater than the number of IP addresses, generate a message according to Duplicate Address Protocol (DAD) including data indicating that the message includes a range of addresses, the data further indicating the first IP address and the range value; and send the message according to DAD via the network interface to one or more network devices to determine whether any IP address in a range starting with the first IP address and through the range value is in use by the one or more network devices.

Abstract: An approach for improving throughput for encapsulated network traffic is provided. In an embodiment, a method comprises obtaining a plurality of network addresses of a plurality of intermediaries that facilitate communications between a plurality of virtual machines. A set of source-destination intermediary pairs is determined based on the plurality of network addresses, and for each source-destination intermediary pair, from the set of source-destination intermediary pairs, a precomputed encapsulated header is generated and included in a set of precomputed encapsulated headers.

Abstract: A failure monitoring device and a failure monitoring method that reduce maintenance operations at the time of a failure of an SIP server are provided. A failure monitoring device (10) includes: a monitoring unit (11) configured to transmit a monitoring signal from the outside of an SIP server (2) to the SIP server (2) and detect a failure of the SIP server (2) in accordance with presence/absence of a response from the SIP server (2) or details of a response from the SIP server; and a control unit (12) configured to inhibit, in a case in which the failure has been detected by the monitoring unit (11), a connection request toward a failed SIP server (2_1) in which a failure has been detected by the monitoring unit (11) in cooperation with a DNS server (1).

Abstract: A method, a device, and a non-transitory storage medium are described in which a network slice-to-transport domain service is provided. The service includes correlating a network slice identifier, an Internet Protocol subnet, and a virtual routing and forwarding instance pertaining to a network slice, and configuring network devices of the network slice with at least a portion of the correlated information. The service may obtain feedback information from the network devices, and evaluate performance metrics pertaining to the network slice based on the correlated information.

Abstract: A network segment route and a host route are advertised to a Spine node; the network segment route advertised by the Spine node is learned; when a first packet hits the network segment route, the first packet is sent to a Spine node corresponding to a next hop of the hit network segment routes so that the Spine node sends the first packet to a Leaf node corresponding to a next hop of a host route hit by the first packet.

Abstract: A NAT method, apparatus and device are provided. According to the method, a target IP address and its reference port are obtained from a NAT resource pool, the reference port being a port in a corresponding consecutive port range. A first five-tuple is generated based on the target IP address, the reference port and an original five-tuple of the packet, and a second five-tuple is obtained by masking first-class bits of the reference port of the first five-tuple. Based on a hash result of the second five-tuple, a target bit indicating a non-conflicting state is determined from a pre-constructed bitmap. The state indicated by the target bit is set to be a conflicting state, and a target five-tuple is generated based on the target bit. The target five-tuple and the original five-tuple are recorded in a session table, and the packet is NAT-processed based on the target five-tuple.

Abstract: A server group of a data intake and query system (DIQS) establishes connections with multiple source data network nodes. Data from the multiple sources comports with a variety of different data modes and may be received via the established network connections on a periodic or continuous basis for ongoing capture as modal entries of modal buckets of a common networked storage volume. Rates of data reception across the network connections influences a process to maintain a measured utilization of storage volume capacity at, near, or below a targeted level.

Abstract: A method for transmitting a broadcast signal in a broadcast transmitter includes generating a link layer packet including a header and a payload; and transmitting the broadcast signal carrying the link layer packet. Further, the header includes a fixed header having a fixed length and the fixed header includes packet type information of input data before encapsulation into the link layer packet, further the input data relates to an IP packet or MPEG-2 transport stream.

Abstract: A queue management method, system, and recording medium include Selective Acknowledgments (SACK) examining to examine SACK blocks of the forwarder to selectively drop packets in the forward flow queue based on a reverse flow queue and MultiPath Transmission Control Protocol (MPTCP) examining configured to examine multipath headers to recognize MPTCP flows and examine the reverse flow queue to determine if redundant data has been sent such that the dropping drops the redundant data.

Abstract: Disclosed is a mechanism for maintaining a single lookup table entry for symmetric/bidirectional flows. Multiple recipes are stored for each flow. A recipe is employed to select address information from an incoming packet header based on the packet's direction. The address information and an index are employed to generate a lookup key to find the single lookup table entry with the pertinent switching information. The recipe further indicates action pointers in the lookup table entry that are specific to direction. The action pointers point to an address in an action table that contains instructions for actions that are applied to the packet during switching based on the packet's direction.

Abstract: Mobile devices executing applications utilize data services worldwide. Testing of the applications for networking issues is facilitated by utilizing a test network having proxy devices placed at different physical locations. A tester may use the test network to direct traffic to and from an application under test to one of the proxy devices. Using the proxy device, the traffic is then exchanged with a real-world network, such as a cellular data network, at the different locations. The tester may thus test operation of the application under test in real-world conditions at a variety of different physical locations. The system may include a proxy host device with an intermediate module to establish Virtual Private Network (VPN) connections and to capture VPN data, including VPN protocol data, session data, and other data. The VPN data may be provided to a network system to analyze performance of an application under test.

Abstract: Techniques are described for providing a controller to configure, within a given namespace, a virtual network for a pod and an application service address for an application service to enable access to the pod. For example, the controller may configure in each namespace a virtual network for a logically-related group of one or more containers (“pod”) and application service address for an application service that is an abstraction which defines a logical set of pods and a policy by which to access the pods (e.g., load balancing). Techniques are also described for providing a controller to configure controller configures the service chain by configuring the left interface of a service node with a virtual routing and forwarding instance (VRF) identifying the pod of a first namespace and the right interface of the service node with a VRF identifying the application service of a second namespace.

Abstract: An endpoint group (EPG) can be stretched between the sites so that endpoints at different sites can be assigned to the same stretched EPG. Because the sites can use different bridge domains when establishing the stretched EPGs, the first time a site transmits a packet to an endpoint in a different site, the site learns or discovers a path to the destination endpoint. The site can use BGP to identify the site with the host and use a multicast tunnel to reach the site. A unicast tunnel can be used to transmit future packets to the destination endpoint. Additionally, a stretched EPG can be segmented to form a micro-stretched EPG. Filtering criteria can be used to identify a subset of the endpoints in the stretched EPG that are then assigned to the micro-stretched EPG, which can have different policies than the stretched EPG.

Abstract: Various systems and methods for performing bit indexed explicit replication (BIER) using multiprotocol label switching (MPLS). For example, one method involves receiving a packet that includes a MPLS label. The packet also includes a multicast forwarding entry. The method also involves determining, based on the value of the MPLS label, whether to use the multicast forwarding entry to forward the packet. The method further includes forwarding the packet.

Abstract: A method for transmitting a broadcast signal includes generating a packet carrying a broadcast service and service signaling information, and a packet carrying fast information for supporting rapid service scans and service acquisition, the fast information including identification information for identifying the broadcast service, service category information representing a category of the broadcast service and hidden information representing whether or not the broadcast service is related to a test service; generating a robust header compression (RoHC) packet by compressing a header of each packet, and signaling information including context information generated from the compressing the header of each packet; and transmitting a signal frame including the RoHC packet and the signaling information.