Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for communication are described. A communication system includes a first communication device configured to communicate with a backup device and a destination; and a first tapping device for monitoring messages sent over a first communication link between the first communication device and the backup device. The first communication device includes at least one processor configured to: before sending a first message destined for the destination, send a backup message corresponding to the first message over the communication link for backup at the backup device; and upon confirmation of a tap copy of the backup message from the first tapping device, send the first message to the destination.

Abstract: Various aspects of the disclosure relate to beam information for independent links. For example, beam information for one link may be sent on at least one other link. In some aspects, the independent links may involve a first device (e.g., a user equipment) communicating via different independent links with different devices (e.g., transmit receive points (TRPs) or sets of TRPs). For example, the first device may communicate with a second device (e.g., a TRP) via a first link and communicate with a third device (e.g., a TRP) via a second link. In some scenarios, one link can indicate beam switching for at least one other link. In some scenarios, one link can indicate link recovery for at least one other link. In some scenarios, one link can indicate link failure for at least one other link.

Abstract: A machine automation system for controlling and operating an automated machine. The system includes a controller and sensor bus including a central processing core and a multi-medium transmission intranet for implementing a dynamic burst to broadcast transmission scheme where messages are burst from nodes to the central processing core and broadcast from the central processing core to all of the nodes.

Abstract: Example inventory management and monitoring systems are described. In one implementation, an inventory management system includes a computing system that receives multiple images captured by multiple imaging devices wirelessly coupled to the computing system. The computing system also receives a spatial location of each imaging device as determined by a device positioning system. The computing system is configured to determine a spatial location of an object in each of the multiple images and monitor the objects in the images to determine changes in the location of the objects.

Abstract: Examples of implementations relate to metadata extraction. For example, a system of privacy preservation comprises a physical processor that executes machine-readable instructions that cause the system to normalize a network traffic payload with a hardware-based normalization engine controlled by a microcode program; parse the normalized network traffic payload, as the network traffic payload passes through a network, by performing a parsing operation of a portion of the normalized network traffic payload with a hardware-based function engine of a plurality of parallel-distributed hardware-based function engines controlled by the microcode program; and provide the hardware-based function engine with a different portion of the normalized network traffic payload responsive to an indication, communicated through a common status interface, that the different portion of the normalized network traffic payload is needed to complete the parsing operation.

Abstract: An electronic account is provided to a customer to enable the customer to access electronic services, such as e-mail and electronic transactions. The electronic account links an electronic address of the customer to a physical address of the customer. Using the electronic account, electronic services can be provided to the customer at either the electronic or physical address, or both. The services can be both secure and non-secure and can be provided by any service provider, such as an online merchant, a government agency, or a bank.

Abstract: The EIP Protocol Converter System is a system that facilitates integration of laser or dot peer marking systems into factory automation networks using the standard EtherNet/lP (EIP) protocol. Built-in support for the EIP protocol greatly simplifies the PLC programming task, and lowers the cost of integrating the marking system into factory operations.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer-readable media for implementing a routing handler for rule-based action triggering are disclosed. A request is received at a routing handler from a client. The request specifies a particular operation at a particular one of a plurality of sub-services. The sub-services comprise one or more operations for defining a plurality of rules; the rules are defined to bind triggers to actions. The sub-services also comprise one or more operations for performing the actions in a provider network comprising a plurality of resources. The particular operation in the request is determined at the routing handler. The particular one of the sub-services is determined at the routing handler based on the particular operation, using a routing map. The routing map is dynamically updated when operations provided by sub-services are modified. The request is routed to the particular one of the sub-services.

Abstract: Embodiments of the apparatus for reducing latency in a flexible parser relate to an implementation that optimizes each parser engine within the parser. A packet enters the parser. Each of the parser engines processes the packet if processing is required. Otherwise, the parser engine simply forwards the packet through without processing the packet, thereby reducing latency. Each parser engine includes a memory. The memory stores bypass data and status information that indicates whether parsing for this packet is completed and, thus, no further processing is required by subsequent parser engines. Each parser engine also includes a counter, which is incremented whenever a packet enters the parser engine and is decremented whenever a packet exists the parser engine. A packet bypasses the parser engine based on the counter of the parser engine and the status information of that packet.

Abstract: Upon receiving malware detection rules that are to be identified with respect to an input traffic stream, a sequence of state definitions are generated for each of the rules. The state definitions for each rule correspond to respective segments of the rule and specify conditions under which a state machine is to transition between search states corresponding to those segments, at least one of the segments corresponding to multiple characters within the input traffic stream. A state machine transitions between search states corresponding to one or more of the rules in accordance with contents of the input traffic stream and the conditions specified by the sequence of state definitions.

Abstract: In order to edit, in a transmission-efficient manner, multimedia news before sending or receiving such news, the existing user data volume (VOL) of a piece of multimedia news (MM) is determined prior to, during, and after putting together such piece of multimedia news (MM). At least one application reducing the original user data volume (VOL) of such piece of multimedia news (MM) is supplied and run in case a predefined user data volume threshold (SGx) or an upper price limit (SPx) is exceeded.

Abstract: A services tool can detect, monitor, and manage software providing services in and for the network. The services tool can identify different types of software that provides services for the network (“services software”) and types of software that provide support (“support software”) to the services software. The services tool can determine configuration data for both the services software and the support software. The services tool can automatically identify when particular services software needs to be linked to particular support software. The services tool can configure the services software and/or support software to link the two according to the rules.

Abstract: A control timing synchronization method is executed by a first and a second optical transmission apparatus. The first optical transmission apparatus: superimposes on a main signal and transmits, information of control process details; waits for a first period; subsequently, superimposes on the main signal and transmits, a message giving notification of control start timing; waits for a second period; and subsequently switches a process of the first optical transmission apparatus to a process corresponding to the control process details. The second optical transmission apparatus: acquires the information on the main signal; waits until detection of the message on the main signal, when a process is present that is to be executed by the second optical transmission apparatus based on the information; waits for the second period when the message is detected while waiting for the detection of the message; and subsequently, executes a process corresponding to the information.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus includes a data input unit configured to input data to a ring bus, a data output unit configured to output the data input by the input unit, a first communication processing unit configured to control input of the data by the data input unit to the ring bus and to control output of the data by the data output unit, a plurality of data processing units configured to perform data processing, a plurality of second communication processing units configured to control transmission and reception of the data between the plurality of data processing units and the ring bus, and a control unit configured to independently perform initialization on the plurality of second communication processing units or the plurality of data processing units.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for enabling a user to effectively use a wireless network using a contention free channel access service. The wireless communication method includes receiving a contention free channel access request frame from at least one device in a wireless network in a superframe, and broadcasting a traffic information message including contention free channel access information in the superframe after the contention free channel access request frame is received.

Abstract: An RF unit, a modem unit and a processing unit receive packet signals sent from other radio apparatuses and broadcast packet signals. If no packet signals are received over a predetermined period of time, a timing control unit has the RF unit, the modem unit and the processing unit perform an intermittent receiving processing and has them stop broadcasting the packet signals. When the packet signals are received while no packet signals has been received over the predetermined period of time, the timing control unit has them perform continuous receiving processing and has them start broadcasting the packet signals.

Abstract: An optical node includes a wavelength splitter configured to split optical signals comprising multiple optical wavelengths into separate outputs, with each of the separate outputs having a different wavelength. The optical node further includes a detector configured to detect optical signals associated with packets at each of the separate outputs, and determine a modulation applied to the optical signals at each of the separate outputs. The optical node also includes a processing unit configured to identify destination optical nodes for the packets based on the determined modulation.

Abstract: A computing network, including: a plurality of peer computing devices including code, which when executed by a peer computing device causes the executing peer computing device to cooperate with at least one other of the peer computing devices; at least one server including code, which when executed by the at least one server locates at least one of the peer computing devices; and at least one mediator including code, which when executed by the at least on mediator collects charging information from at least some of the peer computing devices; wherein, the peer computing devices, at least one sever and at least one mediator are communicatively coupled via an at least carrier-grade telecommunications network being suitable for enhancing cooperation among the cooperating ones of the peer computing devices relative to best-efforts communications among the cooperating ones of the peer computing devices.

Abstract: A novel method for logically routing a packet between a source machine that is in a first logical domain and a destination machine that is in a second logical domain is described. The method configures a managed switching element as a second-level managed switching element. The method configures a router in a host that includes the second-level managed switching element. The method communicatively couples the second-level managed switching element with the router. The method causes the router to route a packet when the router receives a packet from the first logical domain that is addressed to the second logical domain.

Abstract: A network including a hierarchical structure of nodes is described. The structure of nodes includes n layers including n?1 layers of switch nodes and 1 layer of computational nodes. Each layer in the structure can include mn-L nodes grouped into units, where m represents a number of nodes in a unit and L represents a layer in the structure, where L=0 represents a lowest layer and L=n?1 represents a highest layer. Each node in a layer other than the computational layer can include a switch node for a unit in a next lower layer. For each unit, each node can be connected to each other node by a point to point link and to a local switch node for the unit by a point to point link. Each node can be connected to each other node and to the local switch node by a local broadcast network for the unit.

Abstract: A method and apparatus, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, is presented for securely accessing a voice-enabled communication terminal using Internet Protocol by performing physical authentication, performing biometric authentication, performing logical authentication, performing confirmation of a user and upon successful confirmation of the user, allowing access to the communication terminal.

Abstract: A virtual local area network switching device and an associated computer system and method are provided to permit operation in accordance with a plurality of different security classifications. The computer system includes a computer, a virtual local area network switching device and a plurality of peripheral units having different security classifications. The virtual local area network switching device may include a computing device that includes the plurality of ports and that is configured to control communications with the peripheral units in accordance with the respective security classifications. The virtual local area network switching device may also include a memory device configured to store information associating the plurality of the ports with the security classification of the respective peripheral unit. The memory device may also store information associating each port with both a logical address and a physical address of the respective peripheral units.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention relate to a super-node formed from a plurality of nodes in a binary tree topology network. The super-node includes a multitasking computing system having a memory, and nodes running the computing system. Each of the nodes are adapted to be docked downtree of and with another node, and are adapted to be docked uptree of and with two other nodes. A first node in the plurality of nodes is docked downtree of and with a parent node running on a first separate computing system. Each node of the plurality of nodes except the first node is docked downtree of and with another one of the plurality of nodes. In this manner, a super-node is formed having more than two sockets available for connection with nodes not running on the multitasking computing system.

Abstract: A ring communication network according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of nodes in which a single one of the nodes is configured for full channel conversion and the remaining nodes, other than the single node, are configured for no channel conversion. Links with no more than W channels couple the nodes. The ring communication network also may include N nodes and links connecting the nodes for carrying data in W channels such that N?2 log2 W?1 where W is a power of 2. Each of the N nodes includes switches connected such that each channel of a first one of the links adjacent to any one of the N nodes can be switched to no more than W?1 channels of another one of the links adjacent any one node.

Abstract: A method and system for rerouting data over a local area network is provided. The method comprises defining at least one port group associated with a bridging device, each port group including interfaces linked to the bridging device. A plurality of statuses for each port group is defined, the status being dependent on the individual statuses of the interfaces linked to the bridging device. At least one target port associated with each port group, each target port relating to a path for data. The method further comprises defining an action for each status of a port group and monitoring the status of the interfaces forming part of each port group. In response to determining the status of a port group, triggering the predefined action associated with the port group status at one of the port group's target ports.

Abstract: A channel search method for a vertical handoff in a wireless network environment is provided, the channel search method including: collecting channel information from a first terminal which is provided with a wireless local area network (WLAN) service via a channel connection with a WLAN node; and determining a channel search order for a channel connection between a second terminal and the WLAN node by using the collected channel information. A channel search system for a vertical handoff in a wireless network environment is also provided, the channel search system including: a channel information collection unit for collecting channel information from a first terminal which is provided with a WLAN service via a channel connection with a WLAN node and a search order determination unit for determining a channel search order for a channel connection between a second terminal and the WLAN node by using the collected channel information.

Abstract: A method and system for providing a multi-level interconnection network is provided. A multi-level interconnection network comprises basic cells that are aggregated into higher level cells at each level of the network. At the first level, the basic cells are aggregated into first level cells. Each first level cell is an aggregation of a number of basic cells that is one more than the number of devices in a basic cell. The basic cells of a first level cell are fully connected; that is, each basic cell has a first level link or connection to each other basic cell. In a first level cell, each device of a basic cell has a first level link to each other basic cell. The multi-level interconnection network has higher level cells that are aggregations of lower level cells in a similar manner.

Abstract: A multi-path data dissemination method for a magnetic diffusion wireless network and a system thereof overcome environmental interferences in wireless data transmissions. Each node of the network is provided for figuring out its good neighbors by broadcasting a good-neighbor exploratory message in a bootstrap process. Each node keeps a good-neighbor table containing nodes with a RSSI higher than a threshold of the good-neighbor table. A magnetic field of a magnetic diffusion (MD) dissemination method capable of determining a data dissemination path is created according to the good-neighbor tables to ensure that the data can be forwarded to a data sink successfully.

Abstract: A variable equalizer apparatus for forward and/or reverse equalizers in an amplifier. The system can include a structure to allow continuous contact of the signal flow as an equalizer is removed; jumpers with fixed resistors and associated capacitors and inductors to produce a variable range over many different values; and/or variable resistance potentiometers with fixed resistors and associated capacitors and inductors to produce a variable range over separate value equalizers.

Abstract: A method selects a network entity in a communication system. The method includes receiving, in a controller entity of an unlicensed radio spectrum access network, location information of a communication device connected to one of the unlicensed radio spectrum access network and another access network. The method further includes determining a routing area indication based on the location information. The method further includes selecting, based on the routing area indication, a serving network entity, which provides services for the communication device using at least the unlicensed radio spectrum access network and the another radio access network. Furthermore, a computer program, a controller entity and a communication system are configured to execute the method.

Abstract: A network including a hierarchical structure of nodes is described. The structure of nodes includes n layers including n?1 layers of switch nodes and 1 layer of computational nodes. Each layer in the structure can include mn-L nodes grouped into units, where m represents a number of nodes in a unit and L represents a layer in the structure, where L=0 represents a lowest layer and L=n?1 represents a highest layer. Each node in a layer other than the computational layer can include a switch node for a unit in a next lower layer. For each unit, each node can be connected to each other node by a point to point link and to a local switch node for the unit by a point to point link. Each node can be connected to each other node and to the local switch node by a local broadcast network for the unit.

Abstract: In a circuit coupled to a port of a network having a loop architecture, a read/write pointer controller provides a read and a write pointer to track transmission words stored in a FIFO array. The read/write pointer controller also provides a FIFO level indicator to track the total number of transmission words in the FIFO array. A dynamic threshold controller tracks transmission word insertions and deletions in the FIFO array for a predetermined period of time and provides a threshold level adjustment signal based on the tracked transmission word insertions and deletions and a transmission word threshold level. A FIFO level adjuster provides transmission word insert and delete commands and adjusts the threshold level of the FIFO array in response to the threshold level adjustment signal.

Abstract: An access network system, an address resolution protocol proxy method and an IP bridging forwarding method for the access network system are disclosed. The access network system comprises: one or more access network edge nodes that connect to one or more access nodes; one or more access nodes that connect to user terminals to the access network, and a reference point that is introduced between two adjacent access nodes for the access nodes interconnection. With this system, the multi-cast or broadcast flow in the network can be reduced and the communication delay and path can also be decreased. Therefore the communication bottleneck brought by BRAS/BNG can be avoided.

Abstract: A system and a method allowing a user terminal (18) in a network to simultaneously access a plurality of radio based access networks (19, 20) of diverse access technologies. Characteristic features of the invention are access selection adapters (22, 23), each one associated with a respective radio based access network, and an access technology independent access selector (26). An access adapter has means (32) for receiving access technology dependant information from its respective access network and means (31) for translating the information into access technology independent status information. The access selector comprises an access selection algorithm (33) interacting with applications (27) resident in the user terminal and with each access adapter for selection of a radio access network based on an individual QoS profile associated with each respective application and on said access technology independent status information. The invention also relates to a method for service scheduling.

Abstract: A radio deployment pack (110) includes a plurality of radios and deployable infrastructure package within a single package. The package is created by placing an order including the selection of frequency band of operation and either stand-alone mode infrastructure, to be used when all existing infrastructure is inoperable, or expanded infrastructure mode, to be used to extend coverage across remote region having gaps in coverage. The selection of infrastructure is preferably used to assign a battery option, the battery option being either a disposable battery or rechargeable battery. The use of the RDP (110) provides a communication system without the use of local infrastructure and without prior knowledge of communication system operation. The package may further include RFIDs (404) for inventory and location tracking of the radios, portable infrastructure and or emergency equipment (410). Wired programming capability is optionally provided through the use of a smart rack 502.

Abstract: A communication method for transmitting Ethernet messages in a distributed real-time system in which a plurality of network node computers, e.g. four network node computers (111, 112, 113, 114), each comprising at least one communication controller (121, 122, 123, 124), are linked via a communication system comprising one or more communication channels (109), one or more intelligent star couplers (101, 102) being disposed in each communication channel. According to the invention, a distinction is made between conventional Ethernet messages (ET messages) and time-triggered Ethernet messages (TT messages), the TT messages being transported with an a priori known constant delay time (?) between transmitter and receiver, and, when there is a time conflict between ET and TT messages, the transport of the ET message that is in conflict being delayed or aborted in order to be able to transport the TT message with the constant delay time (?).

Abstract: In order that a loop does not occur when switching upstream terminal apparatus, to provide an information distribution system capable of preemptively detecting a distribution route loop, and avoiding the loop, a terminal apparatus and a program used in the same system, as well as a loop connection avoidance method. A terminal apparatus B which has received loop connection detection information from upstream determines whether or not a downstream terminal apparatus of a control path which is not a distribution route along which contents information is flowing, and a source of the loop connection detection information match and, in the event that they match, determines that a loop will occur. By this means, it is possible to determine in advance that a loop will occur, before switching an upstream connection destination.

Abstract: An architecture, system and method are provided for efficiently transferring packets of data across a communication network. Portions of the communication network is structured such that there are hierarchical levels of high speed Routing Switches existing throughout the network. Distributed routing of packets is achieved by comparing identification numbers of Routing Switches with the destination address of a data packet. Once routing is achieved within the transport ID based network, transfer to a destination termination device occurs through a single look-up table only when departing the network. The routing operation between termination devices can therefore be achieved using a single mapping operation and is backward compatible with devices external to the network and protocols used by those devices.

Abstract: In receiving a MAC (media access control) frame whose destination address is any of a broadcast address, an unknown multicast address and an unknown unicast address, the flooding is reduced by broadcasting the received MAC frame to all the other ports than one that has received the MAC frame. An output control that attains this object is realized by using a destination group identifier (ID) look-up table (2-T1) which enables a look-up of a destination group ID by using, as a key, any one or combination of header information of the MAC frame, a port which received the MAC frame and a service VLAN (virtual local area network) ID corresponding to the MAC frame and a backbone port look-up table (2-T2) which enables a look-up of at least one backbone port which is to transmit or at least one backbone port which is not to transmit by using the destination group ID as a key.

Abstract: A deterministic access system and method is provided that may be used for gaining access to a shared communication medium in a mesh or decentralized network. The deterministic access method enables QoS prioritization for periodic data flows such as those used in streaming media or VOIP communications without the direction of a central controller. The method provides a way for network nodes to schedule communications that take into account the hidden node problem, provide priority access to the communication medium for high QoS data flows, and provide shared access to the medium for lower priority data packets during unscheduled times. The method also enables both backward and forward compatibility with network communication methods as well as interoperability between mesh networks and conventional networks.

Abstract: A system and method for routing packets in a multihopping wireless communication network (100). The system and method selects a node (106-1) of the wireless network (100) to operate as an aggregation point, at which two or more possible routes for transmitting packets or packet fragments from a source mobile node (102-1) to a destination mobile node (102-2) meet. A primary route is selected based on historical quality of one or more links between nodes (102, 106, 107), and one or more secondary routes are selected based on the success rate of packets reaching the aggregation point.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for reception of a data stream, transmitted in segment in one or several broadcast channels, comprising a reception step for the data in a segment of data stream transmitted by an active broadcast channel. A step for changing reception channel allows switching from the current broadcast channel to a second channel after receipt of the data stream. A listening step on said second channel listens for an event identifying the transmission of the subsequent segment of the data stream and a step for changing reception channel by switching from said second channel to the current broadcast channel or another broadcast channel.

Abstract: In a circuit coupled to a port of a network having a loop architecture, a read/write pointer controller provides a read and a write pointer to track transmission words stored in a FIFO array. The read/write pointer controller also provides a FIFO level indicator to track the total number of transmission words in the FIFO array. A dynamic threshold controller tracks transmission word insertions and deletions in the FIFO array for a predetermined period of time and provides a threshold level adjustment signal based on the tracked transmission word insertions and deletions and a transmission word threshold level. A FIFO level adjuster provides transmission word insert and delete commands and adjusts the threshold level of the FIFO array in response to the threshold level adjustment signal.

Abstract: A link aggregation function and maintenance function by MPLS OAM. Identical entry information is stored in plural circuits IF which perform a LA setting. In this way, multiplexing to the same LSP is possible even with different IF. The first network IF is assumed to be OAM ACT, and the second network IF is set to OAM SBY (SBY). OAM frame insertion is performed only by an OAM ACT port. In this way, in an opposite MPLS transmission apparatus, it is possible to prevent CV frame reception above a specified number of frames. Further, a switch forwarding table is set to forward frames from the network side to the first network IF of OAM ACT. The second network IF which was set to OAM SBY does not perform fault detection by CV reception. In this way, incorrect detection of faults due to non-reception of OAM can be prevented.

Abstract: The invention relates to a network comprising a plurality of network nodes. At least part of the network nodes are directly coupled to each other via at least one star node. The star node comprises a plurality of star interfaces which are assigned to at least one network node. In dependence on a respective pilot signal, a star interface conveys a message from the assigned network node to the other star interfaces, or from another star interface to at least one of the assigned network nodes. Also, in the event of simultaneous arrival of at least two pilot signals at the respective star interfaces, a decision circuit releases one star interface for the transmission of data.

Abstract: Each mobile ad hoc node has an assigned hierarchy position within an identified tree-based aggregation group. Each ad hoc node is configured for selectively attaching to one of a plurality of available ad hoc nodes based on identifying a best match, for the assigned hierarchy position within the identified aggregation group, from among identifiable hierarchy positions of identifiable aggregation groups. Each ad hoc node also is configured for selectively attaching to any available ad hoc node based on a determined absence of any available ad hoc node advertising the identified aggregation group of the ad hoc node, or an aggregation group containing the identified aggregation group. Hence, a root node of an aggregation group can filter group-specific routing information from packets destined toward a network clusterhead, resulting in a scalable routing protocol that is not adversely affected by added nodes.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention relate to a system for distributing data (e.g., content data) over a computer network and a method of arranging receiver nodes in a computer network such that the capacity of a server is effectively increased (e.g., the capacity of a server may be effectively multiplied many times over; the capacity of the server may be effectively increased exponentially). In one embodiment the present invention may take advantage of the excess capacity many receiver nodes possess, and may use such receiver nodes as repeaters. The distribution system may include node(s) having database(s) which indicate ancestor(s) and/or descendant(s) of the node so that reconfiguration of the distribution network may be accomplished without burdening the system's primary server.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cluster coupler in a time triggered network for connecting clusters operating on the same protocol. Further, it relates to a triggered network having a plurality of clusters, which are coupled via the cluster coupler. It also relates to a method for communicating between different clusters.

Abstract: A network topology links nodes with Cartesian and diagonal links. The diagonal links may be uniformly-extending iso-delta diagonal links of different lengths. The network topology may be used to provide data communication between processors or groups of processors in a high-performance computer system.

Abstract: A system for routing a data packet between N elements includes N network interfaces respectively connected to the N elements, with N being an even integer, and an on-chip packet-switched communication network arranged in a ring structure. The packet-switched communication network includes N routers respectively connected to the N interfaces, and N pairs of opposite uni-directional ring links. Each pair of ring links couples two adjacent routers in the ring structure, and each ring link provides two virtual channels. There are N/2 pairs of opposite uni-directional crossing links, with each pair of crossing links coupling two diametrically opposite routers in the ring structure.