Abstract: In one embodiment, different physical layer standards are segregated into different frequency channels. In one implementation, 802.11b traffic and 802.11g traffic are segregated into different frequency channels. A network management tool allows the user to specify channels to either, e.g., 802.11b-only, 802.11g-only, 802.11b preferred and 802.11g discouraged, or 802.11g preferred and 802.11b discouraged. Access points are given the capability of preventing or discouraging client traffic of either given type.

Abstract: An Ethernet link may comprise silent and active channels and may support energy efficient Ethernet communication. Training parameters from the one or more active channels may be utilized for determining and/or adjusting training parameters for silent channels prior to activation. Training parameters for silent channels may be determined based on copying training parameters from active channels. Determination of training parameters for silent channels may be based on a weighted average of the active channel training parameters. A delta between active channel training parameters from a prior time and subsequent time may be utilized to determine a correction factor for adjusting training parameters for a silent channel from a prior time. Silent channels may be adjusted based on active channel training parameters and then subsequently may be trained. Training parameters may be adjusted for one or more of an echo canceler, a near-end crosstalk canceler and a far-end canceler.

Abstract: A reduced-memory vectored DSL system includes methods and apparatus for reducing the bandwidth and memory storage demands on a vectored DSL system in which FEXT data is transmitted and stored. An upstream-end device such as a DSLAM communicates with a plurality of downstream-end devices such as CPE modems. When test signal data, such as training and/or tracking data, is sent to determine FEXT characteristics of the DSL system, error signals are available for all or substantially all of the upstream and/or downstream frequency band DSL tones used in the system. Dividing a frequency band into sub-bands, only a subset of tones in each sub-band is used for deriving FEXT data, such as a FEXT channel response, FEXT channel coefficients and/or FEXT cancellation coefficients. For tones in the sub-band subsets, full-precision FEXT data values can be derived. For other tones, approximations of the FEXT data can be derived.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method and apparatus for bit and power allocation and a communication system. The method for bit and power allocation comprises: determining a set of candidate modulation modes for sub-channels; constructing an SNR lookup table according to a predetermined target BER, the SNR lookup table containing a relationship of an SNR and the number of bits corresponding to a modulation mode in the set of candidate modulation modes at the target BER; obtaining normalized SNRs on the sub-channels; initializing the numbers of bits for the sub-channels; initializing powers for the sub-channels according to the numbers of bits for the sub-channels, the normalized SNRs on the sub-channels and the SNR lookup table; and adjusting the numbers of bits and the powers for the sub-channels in accordance with a principle of maximizing power utilization rate, to obtain the result of the bit and power allocation for the sub-channels.

Abstract: Present embodiments provide methods and systems for identifying quiet and/or under utilized segments of the radio spectrum and assigning the identified spectrum to non-primary license holders. The methods and systems may include spectrum management nodes for monitoring frequency bands of the radio spectrum for transmission by a primary user. When a primary user is not transmitting, segments of the quiet spectrum may be assigned to a non-primary user.

Abstract: A mobile device includes a communications protocol stack including a MAC layer and TCP layer separated by an IP layer. A cross-layer coordination module parallel to the communications protocol stack is coupled to both the MAC layer and TCP layer. The MAC layer generates a message sent to the cross-layer coordination module indicating that the mobile device is about to engage in a communications handover from a first base station to a second base station. The cross-layer coordination module passes handover information to the TCP layer so as to inform the TCP layer of the communications handover. If the mobile device is operating as a TCP sender, the TCP layer freezes its connection and state during the communications handover. If the mobile device is operating as a TCP receiver, the TCP layer sends a TCP ACK message to a TCP sender having an advertised window size set to a zero value so as to cause the TCP sender to freeze a connection and state during communications handover.

Abstract: The present invention relates to method and arrangements for using an identifier of a predefined type, e.g. an RNTI identifying one configuration on an out-band control channel for activating the configuration identifiable by that identifier. The identifier is sent from the network to the UE, when a configuration corresponding to that identifier is to be activated. This implies that both the UE and the radio base station comprise a mapping between each configuration and the corresponding identity of each configuration.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of changing a frequency assignment (FA) status in an improved broadband wireless access system where terminals and base stations communicate with each other by using a plurality of FAs. The base station changes the status of one of secondary FA into the status of the pFA in order to adjust a load of the primary FA, and communicates with the terminal through the pFA of which status is changed. When a response is received from the terminal, the base station changes the status of the pFA and communicates with the pFA of the terminal through a new pFA. The status of a previous pFA between the base station and the terminal is changed into the status of the sFA, and a previous sFA is changed into the pFA, so that communication is performed through new FAs.

Abstract: Provided are a radio terminal, a radio base station, a channel signal forming method, and a channel signal receiving method, by which the number of blinds in the processing for receiving allocation control information is reduced without causing disadvantage regarding the reception of a broadcast channel signal.

Abstract: A method of communicating over a bus is disclosed. The bus includes a write address channel, a write channel, and a read address channel. The method includes sending an address from a sending device to a receiving device via the write address channel. The method further includes concurrently sending a portion of a payload to the receiving device via the write channel and another portion of the payload to the receiving device via the read address channel. When sending multiple sequential portions of the payload via the bus concurrently, the sending device is configured to give data ordering preference to the write channel over the read address channel by sending a first sequential portion of the multiple sequential portions via the write channel and sending a subsequent sequential portion of the multiple sequential portions via the read address channel.

Abstract: A device may receive, from a base station, information that identifies traffic conditions within the base station; and may assign one or more different frequency bands to each of one or more applications being provisioned, by the base station, to one or more user devices based on the information that identifies the traffic conditions within the base station. The device may also generate allocation information that identifies how the different frequency bands are allocated to each of the applications; and transmit, via the base station, the allocation information to the user devices, where transmitting the allocation information allows a user device to identify a frequency band with which to obtain an application.

Abstract: In a satellite communication system, comprising a hub, a satellite and plurality of remote terminals (e.g., VSATs), a method for allocating timeslots over a return channel to VSATs in real time, without a reference to a predefined time-frequency map, for at least the purpose of optimizing return channel utilization. Also presented are a method for dividing a return channel to transmission channels in real time, a method for determining a most suitable timeslot type for a VSAT per allocation period and a tiling algorithm for mapping allocated capacity onto return channel bandwidth.

Abstract: A method for performing a bandwidth request procedure in a wireless communication system includes receiving a bandwidth request sequence, which has been selected from a sequence set including a plurality of sequences, via a bandwidth request channel, and selecting a bandwidth request procedure to be performed from among a general bandwidth request procedure and a quick bandwidth request procedure, wherein the sequence set is divided into a plurality of sub-sets corresponding to the general bandwidth request procedure and the quick bandwidth request procedure. The bandwidth request procedure can be quickly and effectively performed.

Abstract: System and methods for High-speed Digital Subscriber Line Software Download are provided. In one embodiment, a Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Transceiver Unit is provided. The transceiver unit comprises at least one DSL transceiver, wherein the at least one DSL transceiver implements an Embedded Operations Channel (EOC) and a data path over at least one DSL pair; a first memory for storing a software file for transfer over the DSL pair, wherein the software file comprises a header and at least one file record; and a second memory for storing a provisioning table, wherein the provisioning table establishes timeslot allocations for a plurality of channels communicated over the data path, including provisions for a software download channel for transmitting the software file from the first memory to a target unit over the data path.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an adaptive transmitting device using limited feedback information in a mobile communication system, and a method thereof. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, when the base station transmits a pilot signal to the terminal, the terminal generates channel information by using the pilot signal, generates additional channel information from the channel information, and transmits the channel information and the additional channel information to the base station. The base station determines band allocation, power allocation, and modulation methods for each use by using received feedback information, and transmits modulated traffic data to the terminal according to the determined methods.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for receiving data in a Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) system, the method comprising: decoding data transmitted from a transmitter by using one beam-forming vector included in a codebook that beam-forming vectors are formed in a hierarchical structure according to at least one of change directions of radio channels, the number of channel change directions, and a change rate; determining whether to update the beam-forming vector based on the radio channel changes; selecting other beam-forming vector included in the codebook having a hierarchical structure when it is determined that update for the beam-forming vector is required; feed-backing information about an index indicating where the selected beam-forming vector is located in the hierarchical structure of the codebook to the transmitter; and decoding data received from the transmitter by using the selected beam-forming vector.

Abstract: A digital broadcasting system and a method of processing data are disclosed, which are robust to error when mobile service data are transmitted. To this end, additional encoding is performed for the mobile service data, whereby it is possible to strongly cope with fast channel change while giving robustness to the mobile service data.

Abstract: A method and equipment by which a mobile station receiving a point-to-multicast (p-t-m) transmission from a radio access network (RAN) of a wireless communication system communicates information to the RAN of use in the mobile changing to a neighboring cell for receiving the p-t-m transmission; in particular, the mobile station indicates to the RAN whether cell reselection parameters for the neighboring cell have been received, and/or whether neighboring cell information indicating parameters for receiving the p-t-m transmission in the neighboring cell have also been received by the mobile. In a typical embodiment, the mobile would indicate not only whether parameters for receiving the p-t-m transmission in the neighboring cell have been received, but which set of parameters have been received. The information of use in the mobile changing to the neighboring cell is communicated to the RAN in an acknowledgment message uplinked on a packet access control channel.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) performing a measurement in a CELL_PCH or URA_PCH state is disclosed. Subsequent to the measurement, the WTRU may transition to a CELL_FACH. The WTRU may then send a measurement report related to the measurement to a Node-B via a random access channel (RACH) in the CELL_FACH state.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide methods for optimizing the spectral efficiency of control channel transmissions carrying scheduling assignments from a serving Node B to user equipments. This is accomplished by adjusting the control channel size between successive transmission time intervals according to the number of user equipments having scheduling assignments and possibly according to the modulation and coding scheme used for the transmission of each scheduling assignments.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method and apparatus for relay station downlink cooperative retransmission, wherein said method comprises: a relay station carrying out physical layer processing in advance on data which requires retransmitting according to different scenarios associated with different possible number of available wireless resources for retransmitting data in a retransmission subframe, generating corresponding OFDM signals, and monitoring the PCFICH of the retransmission subframe, and according to the monitoring result, selecting an OFDM signal which is corresponding to the determined number of available wireless resources from said OFDM signals to carry out retransmission transmitting.

Abstract: An apparatus receives from a first device a first broadcast message/beacon which comprises an identifier for an enabling station, then uses the identifier to associate with the enabling station to obtain from it a list of at least one license-exempt channel (e.g., TV whitespaces). In one embodiment the apparatus can then join an ad hoc network (IBSS) with the first device and transmit a second beacon which comprises the identifier for the enabling station. If the apparatus hears multiple beacons advertising different IBSSs, it can select to join the first device's ad hoc network over the other(s) based on a service offered or the first device's network being trusted. Various examples are detailed for where in the beacon frame the identifier (e.g., SSID) might be placed. In one example the apparatus and first device are Mode I devices and the enabling station is a Mode II device under (draft) IEEE802.11af.

Abstract: A method of scheduling request (SR) behavior for a UE configured with semi-persistent scheduling in a wireless communication system includes triggering an SR when the UE does not have an uplink resource allocated for a current transmission time interval, and controlling the triggered SR to remain pending and to be repeated until uplink resources are granted for a new transmission.

Abstract: Methods and devices are provided to aid in the control of a channel used in communicating data packets between a first communication device and a communication device with which the first communication device is communicating. For an open session occurring on the channel, the channel can be in an active state or a dormant state. Controlling when the channel is brought down to the dormant state can help improve operating conditions such as battery life of a communication device. Time-out parameters associated with the communication device, each open session and packets being sent and received on the channel are used in determining when the channel is brought up to the active state or brought down to the dormant state.

Abstract: A method for adaptively deciding number of feedback resource blocks in a downlink which comprises that a base station (500) determines a mode corresponding to the number of the feedback resource blocks which a user equipment feeds back by monitoring performance of a wireless cell and number of the user equipments (100) and transmits the mode to the user equipments (100) through signaling; the user equipments (100) listens to the mode and adaptively decides the number of feedback resource blocks by conditions of itself and feeds back downlink channel quality indicator information to the base station (500) according to Best channel quality indicator number or Threshold based feedback algorithm; and the base station (500) performs resource scheduling according to the feedback information.

Abstract: A communication transfer apparatus and a communication transfer method can transfer communications at low cost without the need of requesting a global IP network to switch any port number. The local internet protocol address of the origin terminal of transfer described in a record relating to a transfer out of the records of the masquerade table that is utilized for an internet protocol masquerade is rewritten as the local internal protocol address of the destination terminal of transfer, while maintaining the global port number of the record.

Abstract: Distributed and highly software reconfigurable CMTS (CMRTS) device, based on MAC and PHY units with FPGA and DSP components, for a HFC CATV network. The various CATV RF modulators, such as QAM modulators, may be divided between QAM modulators located at the cable plant, and remote QAM modulators ideally located at the fiber nodes. A basic set of CATV QAM data waveforms may optionally be transmitted to the nodes using a first fiber, and a second set of IP/on-demand data may be transmitted to the nodes using an alternate fiber or alternate fiber frequency, and optionally using other protocols such as Ethernet protocols. The nodes will extract the data specific to each neighborhood and inject this data into unused QAM channels, thus achieving improved data transmission rates through finer granularity. A computerized “virtual shelf” control system for managing and reconfiguring the FPGA and DSP based CMTRS units is also disclosed.

Abstract: Measurements are conducted on one or more carriers in a case where an access terminal supports reception on multiple carriers. Upon determining that an access terminal is capable of concurrently receiving on a given set of carriers, a measurement is conducted on one or more carriers of the set while receiving on or more other carriers of the set. Conversely, upon determining that an access terminal is not capable of concurrently receiving on a given set of carriers, a measurement is conducted on one or more carriers of the set while not receiving on or more other carriers of the set. In addition, data transfers to or from an access terminal on a carrier may be restricted (e.g., data transfers not scheduled or only low priority data transfers scheduled) during one or more subframes before or after the access terminal conducts a measurement on another carrier.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a first system receives N data transmissions from a second system. The first system combines N ACK/NACK responses, corresponding to the N data transmissions received, and encodes the combined N ACK/NACK responses by selecting a position of a communication channel over which the first system sends ACK/NACK transmissions to the second system and setting a value for each bit sent during each ACK/NACK transmission based on the combined N ACK/NACK responses. The first system sends the bits at the selected position of the communication channel. The second system, upon receiving the bits sent at the selected position of the communication channel, decodes the N ACK/NACK responses based on the position at which the bits are sent and the bits.

Abstract: Techniques are presented for channel scanning in a network having one or more access points. In one embodiment, a first frequency band is scanned to identify a first access point. A channel indicator is received from the first access point. A second frequency band is scanned based on the channel indicator, to identify a second access point. The second access point may be identified based on the channel indicator.

Abstract: A computer-readable memory tangibly stores a plurality of instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to determine an indication of modulation constrained capacity of a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) communication channel. The indication of modulation constrained capacity corresponds to one modulation scheme from a plurality of modulation schemes. The instructions also cause the one or more processors to compare the indication of modulation constrained capacity corresponding to the one modulation scheme to a threshold corresponding to the one modulation scheme, and to select a modulation scheme from the plurality of modulation schemes based on the comparison of the indication of modulation constrained capacity to the threshold.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of controlling transmit power in a wireless communication system is provided. A wireless apparatus selects one transmit mode among a plurality of transmit modes, and determines the transmit power on the basis of the selected transmit mode. The wireless apparatus transmits an uplink channel by using the transmit power.

Abstract: A transmission of information from a secondary to a primary node occurs in a plurality of N logical time durations on an uplink channel in a wireless network. A scheme for mapping between logical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resource blocks (RBs) and physical RBs (PRBs) used by PUCCH is described. A logical uplink control resource block index nLRB is derived by the secondary node in response to information from the primary node. The secondary node then maps the logical uplink control resource block index nLRB to a first uplink physical resource block index nPRB,1 of a plurality of uplink physical resource blocks. The secondary node then transmits an uplink control information in a subframe using one of the plurality of uplink physical resource blocks indexed by nPRB,1.

Abstract: A first transmission of sounding reference signals is on a first cell of a first cell group in parallel with transmission of at least one of a first random access preamble in a second cell group, and a first uplink packet on a second cell. The wireless device drops a second transmission of sounding reference signals in a symbol of the first cell if at least one of the following conditions is satisfied: a second random access preamble is transmitted overlapping the symbol in the first cell group, and a second uplink packet is transmitted overlapping the symbol in the first cell.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and system to manage distributed channel access with time reservation are generally presented. In this regard, a reservation agent is introduced to reserve access to a wireless network channel for an amount of time greater than necessary to transmit to another station(s) and to transmit to the other station(s).

Abstract: In accordance with the exemplary embodiments of the invention there is deriving multiple input-multiple output feedback information using a set of precoding matrices associated with at least one precoding codebook, signaling, in a first plurality of resource elements, channel state information associated with a first precoding matrix indicator of the set of precoding matrices jointly with a transmission rank, and signaling separately, in a second plurality of resource elements, channel state information associated with a second precoding matrix indicator of the set of precoding matrices.

Abstract: In radio communication, especially in a centralized network, a commonly faced problem is the issue of the coexistence between a plurality of networks and different networks use different network timing parameters with no synchronization to one another. Thus, a device of one network usually has a difficulty in communication with a device of another network whether or not both are in a radio communication range. This results in causing unwanted mutual interference because when two or more networks operate in the same operation space, a device belonging to a certain network has a difficulty in letting a device belonging to another network know about the existence of the device belonging to the certain network.

Abstract: A channel switching method is provided for a base station to allocate a slot for data exchange with each of a plurality of terminals in a frequency channel that is not used by an incumbent user (IU). The method includes include transmitting a channel switching message for requesting to switch to a backup channel when a signal of the IU is sensed in the frequency channel; transmitting a beacon frame via the backup channel, wherein the beacon frame comprises allocation information about slots which are in the frequency channel and which are respectively allocated to each of the plurality of terminals; and allocating the slot for data exchange with each of the plurality of terminals to the backup channel according to the allocation information, and communicating with each of the plurality of terminals.

Abstract: In an example embodiment, a topology based channel assignment method for mitigating contention between overlapping radio coverage areas in a wireless “mesh” network topology. A central controller compiles radio overlap information and executes a Tiered Graph Coloring Algorithm, which is used to mitigate contention between overlapping radio coverage areas. In general, the radio channel for each Channel Assignment Cluster (Basic Service Set) is selected so that the aggregate radio coverage area of the Channel Assignment Cluster does not overlap with the radio coverage areas of neighboring Channel Assignment Clusters and fixed interference sources. In the tiered algorithm, a Channel Assignment Cluster is represented as a single vertex, interference sources are represented as “fixed” vertices with fixed color assignments, and “overlapping” vertices are interconnected by “edges.” Vertices are “tiered” so that overlap mitigation is prioritized for higher-traffic radios.

Abstract: A decoding apparatus and method of a terminal in a wireless communication system are provided. A carrier to interference and noise ratio (CINR) estimator estimates a CINR value of a received signal, and a controller generates a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) level candidate set satisfying the estimated CINR value and a target packet error rate (PER) based on a look-up table. A decoder switch determines if an MCS level of a burst is included in the MCS level candidate set when the burst having no connection identifier (CID) information exists in a corresponding frame, and determines to decode the corresponding burst if the MCS level of the burst is included in the MCS level candidate set and to discard the burst otherwise.

Abstract: The present invention aims at providing flexible and optimal configuration of an air interface of a transmitter in a radio system, more particularly a mobile radiotelephone system. According to the present invention, the data of a subscriber-specific control channel transmitted by the transmitter is transmitted with an adaptively modifiable frequency position or band width. The subscriber-specific control channel may include pilot symbols for channel evaluation, TCP symbols for power regulation, TFI symbols for transmitting transmission format information and other symbols, wherein the desired frequency position or band width can be individually adjusted for the individual symbol groups.

Abstract: A radio base station includes a mobile communication system configured to transmit and receive a data signal between a mobile station and a gateway device via a relay node and a radio base station. The mobile communication system is configured such that the radio bearer for the mobile station is set between the mobile station and the relay node. The radio bearer for the relay node is set between the relay node and the radio base station. A network bearer for the mobile station is set between the relay node and the gateway device. The network bearer for a plurality of mobile stations is multiplexed in the radio bearer for the relay node, and a data signal is transmitted and received between the mobile station and the gateway device via the radio bearer for the mobile station and the network bearer for the mobile station.

Abstract: A method of managing baseband resources in a mobile communications network, wherein at least one interference cancellation technique in uplink is available, the method comprising the steps of: when baseband resources are demanded by a mobile user, determining whether there are free baseband resources or not, and: if there are not free baseband resources, determining whether there is at least one interference cancellation process cancelling the interference caused by at least one mobile user or not, and: if there is at least one interference cancellation process cancelling the interference caused by at least one mobile user, one mobile user is removed from said interference cancellation process.

Abstract: According to a disclosed method, an MME in a network analyzes KPIs from the cells it serves and based on the KPIs, it decides to engage in sharing. The MME then contacts a sharing entity (SE) to announce that it wants to borrow or to supply resources. The MME obtains terms of a sharing agreement from the SE and the MME obtains the identity of the other network. In response to this information, the MME configures its network elements to share. The MME's own network may be a supplier or a borrower. If the network is a supplier, the MME configures its base stations to support UEs subscribing to the other network. If the network is a borrower, the MME configures its UEs to accept service from the other network's base stations. The SE applies knowledge of network topology and of services offered. This knowledge is obtained from a sharing database. At the expiration of the sharing agreement, the SE tells the MMEs to deactivate the sharing agreement.

Abstract: A base station configured for coordinating uplink resource allocation is described. The base station includes a processor and instructions stored in memory. The base station generates uplink resource allocation information for one or more wireless communication devices. The uplink resource allocation information is sent to one or more base stations. The base station allocates uplink resources based on the uplink resource allocation information. The base station sends an assignment to one or more wireless communication devices based on the uplink resource allocation information.

Abstract: Link startup systems, methods and devices associated with interconnects are described. Asymmetric lane connections are supported by, for example, independent renumbering of the connected lanes after an initial discovery process. Low-power, hibernating states of devices are supported by, for example, initialing alternating between transmission of startup and wakeup sequences over the interconnect between devices.

Abstract: A communication system that allows communication devices to synchronize the transfer of data to allow the devices to wirelessly and efficiently communicate in a star or mesh network. The communication system operates in the presence of other communication systems noise sources using a spread spectrum frequency hopping transmission scheme to efficiently generate adaptive frequency hopping patterns that are unique to the members of the wireless network based on a network identification code. The communication system employs a predictive retrieval of data for transmission from one device storing the data to a requesting device. A communication device transfers communication from a first network to a second network when the device has been moved beyond the range of the first network, where the second network is in communication with at least one other member device of the first network.

Abstract: Training, refreshing and/or updating Ethernet link partners for silent channels and/or silent directions of channels may be determined based on control parameters. This may be used to improve energy efficiency in Ethernet communication. Control parameters may comprise a default value and/or may be determined based on prior training, refreshing and/or updating. New values for the control parameters may be generated based on a magnitude of change between current and prior control parameter values or based on performance such as bit error rate. User input may be utilized to determine when to execute the training, refreshing and/or updating. The training, refreshing and/or updating may be done for one or more of a near-end crosstalk canceller, alien near-end crosstalk canceller, far-end crosstalk canceller, alien far-end crosstalk canceller and echo canceller. After the training, refreshing and/or updating, the silent channels may transition to active and/or may remain silent.

Abstract: A method for enhanced utilization of EVDO resources. The method includes receiving, at a control node and from an access terminal, a request for a UATI. Upon receiving the request, the control node references a database to determine whether the access terminal has been identified as subscribing to an EVDO service. If not, the access terminal is not assigned a valid UATI.

Abstract: An Ethernet link may comprise silent and active channels and may support energy efficient Ethernet communication. Training parameters from the one or more active channels may be utilized for determining and/or adjusting training parameters for silent channels prior to activation. Training parameters for silent channels may be determined based on copying training parameters from active channels. Determination of training parameters for silent channels may be based on a weighted average of the active channel training parameters. A delta between active channel training parameters from a prior time and subsequent time may be utilized to determine a correction factor for adjusting training parameters for a silent channel from a prior time. Silent channels may be adjusted based on active channel training parameters and then subsequently may be trained. Training parameters may be adjusted for one or more of an echo canceller, a near-end crosstalk canceller and a far-end canceller.