Abstract: Provided are a base station, a terminal, a band allocation method, and a downlink data communication method with which bands can be efficiently allocated. In a base station (200) in which a plurality of unit bands can be allocated to a single communication, when a data receiver (260) acquires terminal capability information transmitted by a terminal (100) in the initial access unit band and the bandwidth available for communication indicated by the terminal capability information can accommodate a plurality of unit bands, a unit band group which includes the initial access unit band as well as the unit bands adjacent thereto is allocated to the terminal (100), and a communication band movement indication, which indicates the movement of the center frequency in the communication band of the terminal (100) toward the center frequency in the unit band group, is transmitted to the terminal (100) using the initial access unit band.

Abstract: Provided are a base station, a terminal, a band allocation method, and a downlink data communication method in which a mapping method for synchronization signals and report signals is implemented with high resource usage efficiency when a first system in which an independent single communication is allocated to a unit band co-exists with a second system in which a plurality of unit bands can be allocated to a single communication. In a base station (200), an OFDM signal generation unit (225) maps primary synchronization channel (P-SCH), secondary synchronization channel (S-SCH), primary broadcast channel (P-BCH), and dynamic broadcast channel (D-BCH), which can be decoded by both an LTE terminal and an LTE+ terminal, to some of a plurality of unit bands available to the station itself. The OFDM signal generation unit (225) also maps D-BCH+, which can be decoded only by an LTE+ terminal, to all of the plurality of unit bands to produce a multiplexed transmission signal.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus of slot time synchronization for coexistence of 5 MHz, 10 MHz, and 20 MHz systems in TV white space are provided. The methods and apparatus extend concepts used in traditional 802.11 applications in the MAC layer so that networks that overlap in frequency and space can have access opportunities to TV white space channels. Several passive mechanisms are described which use bits of traditional 802.11 MAC Management Protocol Data Units to receive information related to the slot time of other overlapped networks. An active approach is described that uses measurements from a radio resource measurement service to adjust the slot time of stations in a network to that of the lowest bandwidth overlapped network in frequency and space.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses used to avoid the scheduling of devices for transmission in overlapping time slots in a mixed HFC and RFoG network. A method of scheduling the transmission of user devices on a mixed RFoG and HFC network can include determining whether a lost transmission event occurred between a first device and second device in a mixed HFC and RFoG network when the transmission of the first device and the transmission of the second device overlapped in time. If a lost transmission event occurred, a data element can be associated with the lost transmission event grouping the first device and second device into a category. The data element can be used to prevent the first device and the second device from transmitting in overlapping time slots.

Abstract: A method of scheduling data transmissions from a source to a destination, includes the steps of: providing a communication system having a number of channels and a number of paths, each of the channels having a plurality of designated time slots; receiving two or more data transmission requests; provisioning the transmission of the data; receiving data corresponding to at least one of the two or more data transmission requests; waiting until an earliest requested start time Ts; allocating at the current time each of the two or more data transmission requests; transmitting the data; and repeating the steps of waiting, allocating, and transmitting until each of the two or more data transmission requests that have been provisioned for a transmission of data is satisfied. A system to perform the method of scheduling data transmissions is also described.

Abstract: The present invention proposes methods for facilitating and improving the performance of MU-MIMO transmission in wireless communication systems. Each user within a MU group inserts an inter-user interference indication field in its acknowledgement packet. The inter-user interference indication field includes signal-to-interference-noise-ratio (SINR) and interference source information. The MU-MIMO transmitter extracts inter-user interference indication feedback and improves subsequent MU-MIMO transmission. Feedback of the inter-user interference information such as SINR and interference source allows efficient link adaptation, smarter user selection, channel re-sounding selection, and fine-tuning of precoding matrix.

Abstract: Allocation of contiguous blocks of airtime for data or airtime transmission can lead to large maximum service intervals for an application stream. This may result in a large delay bound where large blocks of contiguous MAS blocks other applications from meeting their low-latency requirements. A method and network that overcomes at least the shortcomings of known methods includes transmitting information over a wireless network. This includes the steps of: organizing the superframe into allocation zones; organizing the allocation zones into iso-zones; generating an allocation map; determining a periodic service interval and medium time based on a TSPEC, a delay requirement, and local resource of an application stream; searching for transmission opportunity that accommodates the periodic service interval and the medium time required based on the allocation map; transmitting information in the superframe upon finding transmission opportunity in the searching step.

Abstract: A method for transmitting a physical channel in a Time Division Duplex (TDD) communication system capable of carrier aggregation is provided for supporting aggregation of carriers having different TDD configurations. The communication method of a terminal in a TDD radio communication system accomplishing broadband through carrier aggregation of primary and secondary cells, of which aggregated carriers have different TDD Uplink-Downlink (UL-DL) configurations, includes receiving Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) through the secondary cell, and transmitting acknowledgement information corresponding to the PDSCH to a base station, where acknowledgement information is transmitted on a Physical Uplink Control CHannel (PUCCH) of the primary cell.

Abstract: Methods and structure for lane-based multiplexing of physical links are provided. In one embodiment, a Serial Attached Small Computer System Interface (SAS) device is provided. The SAS device comprises a physical link and a controller. The controller is able to time division multiplex the physical link into multiple lanes, and to manage a first connection along one or more of the lanes of the physical link. The controller is further able to detect a request for a second connection, to determine a link rate for the second connection, to select a number of additional lanes at the physical link based on the link rate for the second connection, and to manage the second connection along the additional lanes while the first connection is being managed.

Abstract: Methods and systems for performing allocation of mixed-type combinations of slots are provided. Specifically, in a single assignment message, an allocation of slots over two framed and slots over four frames is performed. These can be RTTI and BTTI blocks for example.

Abstract: Methods and systems for performing allocation of mixed-type combinations of slots are provided. Specifically, in a single assignment message, an allocation of slots over two frames and slots over four frames is performed. These can be RTTI and BTTI blocks for example.

Abstract: Implementations are described for controlling, avoiding, and/or minimizing incast congestion in a network. In various embodiments, the network may be a data center network, which may include one or more senders and a receiver that transmit data across the network using Transmission Control Protocol. The receiver may be associated with a receive window that may determine amount of data that may be received by the receiver at a single time. Moreover, a size of the receive window may be adjusted based at least in part on an available bandwidth of the receiver. As a result of an increase or decrease in the receive window, the one or more senders may not be constrained in transmitting data to the receiver and incast congestion at the receiver may be reduced and/or avoided.

Abstract: A baseband processing module of a base station includes a Turbo decoding module. The Turbo decoding module decodes a Turbo code word to produce one or more Media Access Control (MAC) packet(s) carried by the turbo decode word. Each MAC packet includes a MAC packet header and the MAC packet payload, which carries one or more Radio Link Control (RLC) Packet Data Units (PDUs). The Turbo decoding module decodes the MAC packet header to determine boundaries of the PDUs carried in the MAC packet payload. The Turbo decoding module decodes RLC PDU headers and RLC PDU payloads of the RLC PDUs. The Turbo decoding module writes the decoded MAC packet header, the decoded RLC PDU headers, and the decoded RLC PDU payloads to memory in a word-aligned format. The Turbo decoding module may also operate in various other Turbo decoding modes.

Abstract: A network virtualization method in a wireless communication system includes aggregating sets of uplink and downlink flows on a cellular basestation into groups; allocating wireless resources to each of the sets as a respective basestation slice; and enabling each of the sets of flows to be under a distinct administrative entity.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for reducing the overhead required to transmit acknowledgment messages (ACKs) are described herein. In some aspects, the ACKs are reduced in size. In some aspects the ACKs include several short training fields. In some aspects, a receiver of the ACKs can determine the transmitter of the ACK based on when the ACK is received. In some aspects, a receiver of the ACKs can determine the transmitter of the ACK based on information superimposed on the short training fields in the ACK.

Abstract: A radio communication network having at least two base stations. The base stations communicate with mobile stations using time slots. The time slots are divided into transmission slots, during which the base stations transmit messages, and receiving slots, during which the base stations receive messages. The base stations jointly determine an assignment of the time slots as transmission slots and receiving slots.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wireless communication system, and more particularly, discloses a method and a device for transmitting a sounding reference signal and extended uplink control information in a wireless communication system.

Abstract: A transmission device includes a transmission power setting unit that respectively sets a transmission power for transmitting a main sound signal indicating a main sound and transmission powers for transmitting one or two or more subsidiary sound signals which pertain to the main sound signal and which realize a predetermined sound effect, and a first communication unit that respectively transmits the main sound signal and the one or two or more subsidiary sound signals on time division channels using the same frequency band, based on the transmission powers set by the transmission power setting unit, wherein the transmission power setting unit sets the transmission power for the main sound signal to a first reference value, and sets the transmission powers for the subsidiary sound signals to a second reference value smaller than the first reference value.

Abstract: A set of different pilot structures are designed for use in different environments and/or different user behaviors that are expected to occur in a cell. The radio conditions for a user are estimated. Each user is then assigned an area (108A-E) in resource space for its communication, which has a suitable pilot configuration. In one embodiment, the entire resource space is provided with different pilot structures in different parts (110A-D) In advance and allocation of resources to the users are then performed in order to match estimated radio conditions to the provided pilot structure. In another embodiment, allocation is performed first, and then the actual pilot structure is adapted within the allocated resource space area to suit the environmental conditions.

Abstract: A method of adaptive uplink/downlink timeslot assignment includes determining at least one of a potentially interfering cell which potentially interferes with a particular cell. A timeslot for uplink communication is eliminated, if a first one of the potentially interfering cells uses that timeslot for downlink communications. A timeslot for downlink communication is eliminated if a dynamic interference measurement in that timeslot as measured by most users exceeds a predetermined threshold and if a dynamic interference measurement in that timeslot does not exceed the predetermined threshold for most users but exceeds the predetermined threshold for at least one user. A timeslot is assigned to an uplink communication of the particular cell using non-uplink eliminated timeslots, and a timeslot is assigned to a downlink communication of the particular cell to each user using non-downlink eliminated timeslots with respect to that user.

Abstract: A transmitting apparatus, a receiving apparatus, and a communication system are provided that allow a reduction in a frame loss due to interference caused by use of the same channel. A transmitting apparatus disposed in a base station includes a GPS receiver for receiving a GPS signal, a timing generator for controlling respective function blocks in accordance with the GPS signal and an inter-base-station control signal so as to precisely synchronize the timing of frame transmission among base stations, the front-end transmission processing unit including for converting transmission information into transmission time slots, a frame generator for generating a frame including a plurality of time slots and one frame guard, and a back-end transmission processing unit for transmitting the generated frame as a radio signal.

Abstract: A method, a device, and a system for duplex communications. Uplink and downlink frequencies are allocated in an orthogonal manner such that at one time instant a certain carrier frequency is used for uplink (downlink) transmission and at some other time instant for downlink (uplink) transmission. Correspondingly, at said one time instant a second carrier frequency is used for downlink (uplink) transmission and at said some other time instant optionally for uplink (downlink) transmission.

Abstract: Systems and methods for designing, using, and/or implementing superframe coordination in beacon-enabled networks are described. In various implementations, these systems and methods may be applicable to Power Line Communications (PLC). For example, a method may include implementing a Media Access Control (MAC) superframe using a communication device. The MAC superframe may include a plurality of beacon slots, a plurality of Contention Access Period (CAP) slots following the plurality of beacon slots, a Contention Free Period (CFP) poll access slot following the plurality of CAP slots, a CFP slot following the CFP poll access slot, an inactivity period following the CFP slot, a beacon region following the inactivity period, and a communication slot following the beacon region. The method may also include communicating with another communication device using the MAC superframe.

Abstract: System and methods for transmitting packets over a network are provided. A system includes a network access coordinator (NAC) configured to communicate with first and second nodes via a network backbone. The NAC is configured to coordinate access of the first and second nodes to the network backbone. The NAC is configured to receive, from the first node in a first time period, a first reservation request to transmit a first packet to the second node. The NAC is configured to allocate, in response to the first reservation request, a first slot in a second time period for the first node to transmit the first packet to the second node. The NAC is configured to allocate a second slot for the second node to transmit, to the first node, a first reply that includes an indicator of whether the second node received the first packet.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus of receiving data in a wireless communication system are provided. The method includes detecting a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) on which control information is transmitted in a first subframe, and receiving data in at least one second subframe based on the control information.

Abstract: In a wireless system of one embodiment, a first wireless device includes: a first transmitter which transmits an end-of-transmission notification; and a first receiver which receives a change request signal sent from a second wireless device receiving the end-of-transmission notification. The second wireless device includes: a second receiver which receives the end-of-transmission notification; and a second transmitter which transmits a change request signal when the end-of-transmission notification is received. The first transmitter transmits a signal at a longer interval after the first receiver receives the change request signal, and the second transmitter transmits a signal at a shorter interval after the second transmitter transmits the change request signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of switching modes in a serial data communication network comprising a plurality of interconnected nodes, each of said nodes comprising a plurality of mode-dependent configurations, the method including, during a first mode, issuing an instruction to said nodes, said instruction identifying a next mode of the data communication network; terminating said first mode; and following said termination, reconfiguring each of said nodes in accordance with the configuration corresponding to said next mode identified by said instruction. A serial data communication network implementing such a method is also disclosed.

Abstract: Data communications are effected over one or more network branches to ensure appropriate receipt of data at different devices on the network. In accordance with an example embodiment, time-based communications are effected for a plurality of different network devices, at least two of which are connected to a common wired network link, with each network device being assigned to communicate during different time slots within a communication cycle. Each communication received on the common wired network link is assessed as being error-indicative or not error-indicative. In response to a received communication on the common wired network link being assessed as being error-indicative, the common wired network link is operated to corrupt data received on the branch, such as by driving the branch during a time slot in which the error-indicative communication is received, therein ensuring that other network devices disregard the data received during that time slot.

Abstract: Allocation schemes are provided for one or more portions of time during a data transmission time interval for contention by personal coordination points, access points and client devices to perform transmit sector sweep operations. In addition, a personal coordination point determines whether the set of channels universally agreed to be free by nearby synchronization access points is empty and selects any channel in the frequency band to initiate a Basic Service Set or continue operation of an existing Basic Service Set if it is determined that no channel in the frequency band is free among the channels that are universally agreed to be free.

Abstract: Receiving resource allocation information associated with an uplink physical control channel is disclosed. The uplink physical control channel and a physical uplink shared channel may have different resources. Data may be sent over the physical uplink shared channel in assigned time intervals. A signal may be sent over the uplink physical control channel based on the received resource allocation information in a time interval that the UE is not sending data over the physical uplink shared channel.

Abstract: Disclosed in a method whereby a terminal sends an uplink control signal on a wireless communication system. More specifically, the present invention comprises the steps of generating an uplink control signal, allocating uplink sending resources to the uplink control signal, and sending the uplink control signal to a base station; a time resource in the uplink transmission resources is divided into sub-frame units divided into two slots; at least one of the two slots comprises one reference symbol for transmitting a reference signal; and in the slot comprising the one reference symbol, at least one of a plurality of data symbols for transmitting data signals is dropped.

Abstract: A method for wireless communication comprises a donor enhanced Node B (eNB) transmitting system information for a subframe structure to a relay node (RN), which information comprises radio resource configuration and/or timing information for uplink backhaul transmission. The RN uses an automatic method to select the Round Trip Time (RTT) value for the Hybrid Automatic Repeat request (HARQ) on the uplink backhaul (Un) relay link. The RTT value is implicitly determined according to the Un (backhaul) subframe or MBSFN subframe configuration periodicity. The RTT option is signaled by the Un subframe configuration period of the MBSFN Un downlink signals.

Abstract: Random access coverage is assured while at the same time supporting high uplink data rates in a same service area served by a base station. A set of radio resources are shared by multiple mobile terminals for transmitting uplink to the base station including requests for access to service from the base station and transmissions for active connections with the base station. A first repeating time period and a second different repeating time period are defined. Uplink transmission grants are scheduled for active connections that permit use of a greater amount of the radio resources during the first repeating time period. Uplink transmission grants are also scheduled for active connections that permit use of a smaller amount of those resources during the second repeating time period. At least some random access requests to the base station are controlled to occur only during the second repeating time period.

Abstract: Disclosed are a data transmission method and device in a carrier aggregation system, used for realizing the data transmission of UE which does not support uplink and downlink transmission simultaneously in a carrier aggregation system which uses different TDD uplink and downlink configurations. The data transmission method in a carrier aggregation system provided in the present application includes: an eNB performing data transmission with specific user equipment (UE) according to the time division duplex (TDD) uplink and downlink sub-frame configuration employed by a specific component carrier in a carrier aggregation system by means of a component carrier in the carrier aggregation system, wherein said specific UE is TDDUE which does not support simultaneously performing uplink data transmission and downlink data transmission in an identical sub-frame.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for transmitting feedback information of an asymmetric frequency band in a wireless communication system supporting multiple bands are provided. The feedback information transmission method includes, when at least two frequency bands used by a mobile station includes at least one asymmetric frequency band, confirming feedback channel information for the asymmetric frequency band based on system channel information of the asymmetric frequency band, and transmitting feedback information for the asymmetric frequency band over the confirmed feedback channel. The feedback channel information includes feedback channel information for the asymmetric frequency band allocated to a symmetric frequency band.

Abstract: An invention for generating a slot table entry address for a communications device of a communications network includes a method that involves processing a slot counter value according to a configuration setting value to produce a processed slot counter value, the slot counter value identifying a time slot of data communications of the communications network, masking a cycle counter value according to the configuration setting value to generate a masked cycle counter value, where the cycle counter value identifies a communications cycle containing the time slot, and processing the processed slot counter value and the masked cycle counter value to generate a slot table entry address such that a corresponding slot table entry of the time slot of the communications cycle in a slot table is accessed by the communications device at the slot table entry address.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for activating and maintaining a plurality of separate and distanced functional units in an aircraft cabin. According to the invention, a wireless network comprising a plurality of nodes is initialized, wherein each node is associated with a device wherein said initializing comprises associating each node a sending time slot within a time frame using a TDMA synchronization scheme, wherein each node is active to send signals during its sending time slot and is active to receive signals during a first set of time slots comprising a number of time slots of said frame, wherein the sending time slot of a node is different from the sending time slots of at least a plurality of its neighbored nodes.

Abstract: A modular optical switch includes a set of optical switch modules connected in a mesh, a master controller for the whole optical node and a switch-module controller for each of the optical switch modules. The optical switch modules receive optical signals from, and transmit optical signals to, edge nodes based on connection requests received from the edge nodes. The master controller acts to select a path, using a simple or compound time-slot matching process, through the mesh of switch modules for each optical signal related to a connection request. Advantageously, the optical switch modules are fast switching, enabling the use of time-sharing schemes such as TDM, and the modular optical core node is made practical by efficient path selection at the master controller. A hybrid modular switch may include both optical and electronic switch modules, a master controller, and a switch-module controller for each of the switch modules.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a communication signal multiplexing method, a radio communication system, and a radio equipment controller (REC). Taking the common public radio interface (CPRI) standard as an example, by carrying multiple CPRI links on limited physical links (CPRI-MUX), generally one high-speed physical link, physical bandwidth is used more efficiently and the number of interconnected interfaces and the system cost are reduced without compromising with the CPRI standard is maintained. When the bandwidth provided by the high-speed physical link is insufficient, more physical links can be adopted.

Abstract: A wireless communications device operates in a system where communications resources may be used by multiple devices concurrently. A device, with an acquired set of recurring time intervals, selects, e.g., pseudo-randomly, an interval or intervals to be used as a combined data transmission and channel measurement time interval. The other time intervals in its set are to be used as data transmission time intervals. The combined use type interval facilitates the measurement of interference on the device's channel while still allowing the device to transmit some data during the interval. A combined use interval includes a first portion for data transmission and a second portion for channel measurement. In some embodiments, the first portion is fixed size and the second portion occurs at the very end of the interval. In some embodiments, the duration of the first portion is varied over time such that the channel measurement start time varies.

Abstract: A mobile communication device includes a first radio frequency (RF) transceiver and a second RF transceiver. The first RF transceiver is operative for communications in accordance with a first radio protocol (e.g. BLUETOOTH®) using a first set of RF channels, and the second RF transceiver is operative for communications in accordance with a second radio protocol (e.g. IEEE 802.11) using a second set of RF channels. The mobile device identifies a list of noisy RF channels in the first set of RF channels, detected through operation of the first RF transceiver in accordance with the first radio protocol. The mobile device selects one of the RF channels from the second set based on the identified list of noisy RF channels. The mobile device then controls operation of the second RF transceiver in accordance with the second radio protocol for communicating data to another communication device over the selected RF channel of the second set.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an apparatus includes a switch core that has a multi-stage switch fabric physically distributed among a set of chassis. The multi-stage switch fabric has a set of input buffers and a set of output ports. The switch core can be configured to be coupled to a set of edge devices. The apparatus can also include a controller implemented in hardware without software during operation and with software during configuration and monitoring. The controller can be coupled to the set of input buffers and the set of output ports. The controller can be configured to send a flow control signal to an input buffer from the set of input buffers when congestion at an output port from the set of output ports is predicted and before congestion in the switch core occurs.

Abstract: A method for transmission of data requires a transmitting node sending a request message identifying at least one time slot that is available for the transmitting node to transmit a data transmission to a plurality of receiving nodes, a first receiving node transmitting a first time slot grant message in response to the request message, a second receiving node transmitting a second time slot grant message in response to the request message, the transmitting node receiving the first and second time slot grant messages, the transmitting node evaluating the first and second time slot grant messages to determine at least one available time slot for transmitting, the transmitting node transmitting at least one confirmation message to the first and second receiving nodes, and the transmitting node transmitting the data transmission in the at least one available time slot identified in the at least one confirmation message.

Abstract: Transmission of data frames over a channel in a communications network takes place on a slotted time base. A method comprises an evaluation, by at at least one node of the network having a frame available for transmission, of whether the channel is available for transmission. If the the channel is available for transmission, the available frame is transmitted over the channel in a subsequent slot of the slotted time base. If the channel is not available for transmission, owing to a frame (having a certain temporal length) being transmitted over the channel at a certain time, the slotted time base of the at least one node is resynchronized as a function of the frame being transmitted. The resynchronization includes identifying, as a function of the certain temporal length, an interval of delay to evaluate again in at a furture time whether the channel is available for transmission.

Abstract: A method for user uplink data scheduling and an user equipment are applied in multi-period mode semi-persistent scheduling under 3GPP Long Term Evolution TDD configuration 2, the method includes setting the different offsets delta of periods for multi-period mode semi-persistent scheduling started by each uplink sub-frame in 10 ms radio frame, determining the periods of multi-period mode semi-persistent scheduling started by each uplink sub-frame in 10 ms radio frame according to the set delta, and scheduling the uplink new conveyed package data of user according to the periods of multi-period mode semi-persistent scheduling started by each uplink sub-frame in 10 ms radio frame. The method and user equipment can be used to increase the utilization ratio of resource, and are simple and easy to use.

Abstract: The method improves data exchange on a wireless communication medium accessible by a plurality of nodes via a contention mechanism, the plurality of nodes comprising legacy nodes and a collaborative group of nodes, each node of the collaborative group being provided with a first and a second MAC address. The method comprises, upon successful contention at a first node of the group, at the first node: determining if a communication from a source node of the group to a legacy node is required, and in such a case, selecting the second MAC address of the source node as source address for issuing a request to access the medium (RTS), and, upon reception of a medium access authorization (CTS): transmitting first data to the legacy node using said second MAC address, and transmitting second data inside the group using said first MAC address.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses to multiplex logic data pseudo synchronously are described. A representation of a multiplexer logic is generated to transmit data items asynchronously relative to a design clock. The data items may be transmitted under control of a transmission clock from a first integrated circuit to a second integrated circuit. A representation of a counter logic may be generated to couple with the multiplexer logic for transmitting the data asynchronously. Additionally, a representation of reset logic may be generated for a configuration to repeatedly reset the counter logic. Synchronization signals may be generated for a design clock cycle of a design clock driving the data items. The synchronization signals may be transmitted via the transmission clock asynchronous with the design clock.

Abstract: A home network, in one embodiment including a home wiring system; a demarcation point unit in electrical communication with the home wiring system; and a home network module in electrical communication with the home wiring system. The home network module is adapted for connection to a home electronic device. The demarcation point unit passes data to and receives data from the home electronic device through the home network module.

Abstract: A transmission of information within a wireless cellular network may include a first and second group of samples. A first group of samples is created comprising at least a first and a last subgroup, wherein the last subgroup is same as the first subgroup. A second group of samples created. A transformed set of samples produced by jointly transforming the created first and second group with a discrete Fourier transform (DFT). The transformed set of samples is expanded to produce an expanded set, and the expanded set is transformed with an inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) to produce an OFDM symbol with a fractional payload. The first group of samples is a reference signal (RS), which is known to the receiver before the transmission occurs, while the second group of samples is information data.

Abstract: An audio bitstream is read from a digital video disc DVD for transfer, subsequent to parsing thereof, via an IEC 958 protocolled interface, for use in a multi-channel audio reproduction apparatus. For each respective audio channel MPEG audio samples are packaged recurrently in burst payloads, and these burst payloads are packaged as user data in IEC958 format frames. Pause bursts are used for signalling absence of audio for all associated channels with, each pause burst representing such audio absence during a perceptibly acceptable time interval only.