Abstract: A network termination card is provided which allows new services to be implemented on the DSLAM on which the network termination card is located without restricting the number of slots used for line termination cards. Software controlled multiplexers are provided on some ports of the switch on the network termination card, and a daughter card connector is provided on the network termination card. When a new service is to be implemented, a specialized daughter card implementing the service can be connected to the daughter card connector. The multiplexers can then be configured to allow the necessary number of ports from the switch to communicate with the daughter card connector, while other multiplexers can be configured to retain communication between the switch and normal components of the DLSAM.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an Ethernet physical interface transceiver comprises a link interface configured to be segmented into one or more active ports. First circuitry is configured to transmit and receive data either at a relatively high data rate via a single active port of the link interface when the transceiver is configured in a first mode or at a relatively low data rate via at least two different active ports of the link interface when the transceiver is configured in a second mode. Second circuitry is configured to communicate with a media access controller either at a relatively high data rate when the transceiver is configured in the first mode or at a relatively low data rate when the transceiver is configured in the second mode. Clock circuitry is configured to independently synchronize operation of each active port of the link interface.

Abstract: Provided is a system and method for performing smart offloads between computer applications module and a network interfacing device within a data communications system. The method includes receiving data requests from the computer applications module and determining whether the received data requests require offloading. The received requests are forwarded along a first data path to the network interfacing device if offloading is required. If offloading is not required, the received data requests are forwarded along a secondary data path to a host protocol stack for processing. Next, the protocol processing is performed and the processed data requests are forwarded to the network interfacing device.

Abstract: A local area network (60) within a residence or other building, including both wired (5) and non-wired segments (53). The wired segments are based on new or existing wires (5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e) in the building, wherein access to the wires is provided by means of outlets (61a, 61d), such as a telephone system, electrical power distribution system, or cable television wiring system. The non-wired segments are based on communication using propagated waves such as radio, sound, or light (e.g. infrared). The wired and non-wired segments interface in the outlet, using a module (50) that serves as mediator between the segments. The module can be integrated into the outlet, partially housed in the outlet, or attached externally to the outlet. Such a network allows for integrated communication of data units (24b) connected by wires and data units (24a, 24d) connected without wires.

Abstract: Briefly, in accordance with one embodiment of the invention, a wireless terminal may include an application subsystem and a communication subsystem. The communication subsystem in one embodiment may enable a virtual direct interface to a remote network to be presented to the application subsystem via a wireless communication system air link interface. The communication subsystem may allow applications of the application subsystem to be independent of any particular radio technology or network implementation of a wireless communication system air link interface. Once a session is established between the communication subsystem and the wireless communication system air link interface, the application subsystem may gain access to the remote network through the communication subsystem via a transport interface.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide a communication apparatus, a communication system and a communication method enabling efficient transmission in accordance with a situation of a wired transmission line and capable of reducing an influence by a radiation power of the transmission line. The communication apparatus of the invention executes wired transmission using a plurality of sub carriers and includes a transmission signal generator for generating a transmission signal, and a transmission signal controller for controlling a transmission power of the transmission signal generated by the transmission signal generator based on a radiation power in a transmission line in correspondence with a frequency of the sub carrier, and a transmitter for transmitting the transmission signal the transmission power of which is controlled by the transmission signal controller via the transmission line.

Abstract: A data transfer control device includes: an encoder circuit which performs encoding data and generation of a special code; a parallel/serial conversion circuit which converts parallel data from the encoder circuit to serial data; and a transmitter circuit which receives the serial data and transmits the special code and the data through the serial signal line. The transmitter circuit outputs an idle signal, logical level of which is continuously fixed at a first logical level in units of a given number of bits or more to the serial signal line as a signal indicating an idle state. The encoder circuit suspends operation after an indication that there is no transmission data by a transmission data valid/invalid signal from an upper layer circuit.

Abstract: A local area network (60) within a residence or other building, including both wired (5) and non-wired segments (53). The wired segments are based on new or existing wires (5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e) in the building, wherein access to the wires is provided by means of outlets (61a, 61d), such as a telephone system, electrical power distribution system, or cable television wiring system. The non-wired segments are based on communication using propagated waves such as radio, sound, or light (e.g. infrared). The wired and non-wired segments interface in the outlet, using a module (50) that serves as mediator between the segments. The module can be integrated into the outlet, partially housed in the outlet, or attached externally to the outlet. Such a network allows for integrated communication of data units (24b) connected by wires and data units (24a, 24d) connected without wires.

Abstract: An accessory interface bus for a telecommunications headset adapter or base unit, which controls and monitors the operations of various headset accessories coupled to the interface bus, is disclosed. The accessory interface bus allows the telecommunications headset adapter to detect when a new accessory is coupled to the bus. The interface bus may be implemented within a headset adapter base in a telecommunications system that includes the headset adapter base, a telecommunications headset coupled to the adapter base, and various headset accessories coupled to the adapter base. The interface bus transmits control and status signals between the headset adapter base and the various headset accessories to directly control and monitor operations for each headset accessory coupled to the interface bus. The control and monitoring of a given headset accessory may include activating or deactivating, resetting, and/or simulating a button press of a button located on the accessory.

Abstract: A data transmission system in an EPON includes a parser classifying frames generated in each block, and transmitting the frames to a block. A scheduler performs multiplexing of frames, then, during a transmission time permitted by an OLT, determines a transmission sequence of the frames and transmits the frames. A MPCP slave processes messages transmitted from the OLT, generates response messages on the transmitted messages, and maintains time synchronization with the OLT A processor interface conveys frames transmitted from the OLT to a processor, frames primitives transmitted from the processor, and transmits the primitives to the OLT. A register stores a value used during generation of frames in each block, a value for system control, and a value acquired from MPCP control frames.

Abstract: In an exemplary method, at least one telephony attribute associated with a voice call directed from a client communication subsystem to a voice network identifier is detected. Visual content that has been predefined as being associated with the at least one telephony attribute is identified. A request for the visual content is initiated in response to the detecting step. The visual content is received, in response to the initiating step, for display at the client communication subsystem.

Abstract: A system includes one or more processing units coupled to a network interface unit. The network interface unit may include a network port for connection to a network and a virtual interface that may be configured to distribute an available communication bandwidth of the network port between the one or more processing units. The network port may include a shared media access control (MAC) unit. The virtual interface may include a plurality of processing unit resources each associated with a respective one of the one or more processing units. Each of the processing unit resources may include an I/O interface unit coupled to a respective one of the one or more processing units via an I/O interconnect, and an independent programmable virtual MAC unit that is programmably configured by the respective one of the one or more processing units.

Abstract: A network interface device (15a) has a mass storage device interface (3a), which emulates a hard disk controller to transfer network traffic between a node (Ia) and the network. As a result, the node (Ia), typically a computer, is presented with a virtual hard disk (4a), which network traffic (e.g. data) can be written to and read from using standard hard disk protocols, e.g. SATA or PATA. In a computer cluster (13), several network interface devices (15a-15c) may be integrated in a router (8) having a switch (9). The router may connect to optional components such as hard disks (17a, 17b), a processor (18) and a Ethernet connection (19).

Abstract: Apparatus and method for providing a data interface to a plurality of radio transceivers such as between a personal computer or other information processing device to one or more radio transmitter/receiver systems having a serial data interface in a manner that provides control of the radio and means to send and receive data via the radio without regard to the characteristics of the radio or its serial interface. A common control protocol is employed that exposes the functionality necessary to control the radio transmitter/receiver device in a generic manner. The invention may communicate with the data terminal equipment via a widely-available data interface or network protocol, such as an asynchronous serial interface, the Universal Serial Bus (USB), or an Internet Protocol (IP) network. The invention also provides a means of implementing synchronous serial framing formats through software implementation, allowing compatibility with future data systems to be achieved without requiring hardware modifications.

Abstract: A method is provided to enable providing broadband communication services to a subscriber having a number of devices connected to a regional gateway (e.g. CPE). The method comprises the steps of: carrying out an authentication process between at one of the subscriber's devices and a network server, upon authenticating the subscriber, downloading information associated with that subscriber to an access node. At the access node, designating a port for communications with the regional gateway, and based on identification of the subscriber, allowing the provisioning of broadband communication services to all of the subscriber's devices connected to regional gateway. When the subscriber's device used for the authentication process is disconnected, the system shall continue allowing the provisioning of the already allowed broadband communication services to the remaining devices that are still connected to the regional gateway.

Abstract: An adaptive service bus comprising adaptable logical components for transporting communications. A configuration of each logical component of the adaptive service bus is determined by receipt of a control message that establishes the behavior of that component. Thereafter, communications that are received by the adaptive service bus are processed in accordance with “rules” established by the configurations. The configuration of the adaptive service bus may be changed in real time to accommodate changes in communications types and/or changes in the processing rule for a particular communication type.

Abstract: A method of manipulating an already sent e-mail by routing a sent e-mail to a server storing at least the e-mail body and sending only a notification to the addressees. The server associates the e-mail with an access code, which is sent together with the notification, so that the addressees may retrieve the sent e-mail. The sender of the e-mail may access the e-mail body stored at the server to modify or suppress it. The condition for the modification to be accepted by the server is that none of its addressees has read the sent e-mail.

Abstract: Incoming/outgoing data packets to/from a network are processed by associated receive/send rings of a network interface. A plurality of counters, disposed in hardware, are each associated with particular receive/send rings. Each of the plurality of counters maintains a count of a number of data packets processed by an associated receive/send ring.

Abstract: In a first aspect, a first method of transmitting a data packet is provided. The first method includes the steps of (1) for each connection from which a data packet may be transmitted, storing header data corresponding to the connection; (2) employing a user application to form header and payload data of a packet, wherein the user application is associated with a connection from which the packet is to be transmitted; and (3) while transmitting the packet, comparing one or more portions of the packet header data with the header data corresponding to the connection with which the user application is associated. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is provided for allowing I/O devices to be shared and/or partitioned among a plurality of processing complexes within the load/store fabric of each of the processing complexes without requiring modification to the operating system or driver software of the processing complexes. The apparatus and method includes a switch for selectively coupling each of the processing complexes to one or more shared I/O devices. The apparatus and method further includes placing information within packets transmitted between the switch and the I/O devices to identify which of the processing complexes the packets are associated with. The invention further includes an apparatus and method within the shared I/O devices to allow the shared I/O devices to service each of the processing complexes independently.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for transporting control information in a communications system. The apparatus comprises a network processor, a control point processor operatively coupled to the network processor, and a guided frame generated by the control point processor. The guided frame comprises a first section in which frame control information is placed and is used by the network processor to update at least one control register within the network processor; a second section carrying correlators assigned by the control point processor to correlate guided frame responses with their requests; a third section carrying one or a sequence of guided commands; and an End delimiter guided command.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is provided for allowing I/O devices to be shared and/or partitioned among a plurality of processing complexes within the load/store fabric of each of the processing complexes without requiring modification to the operating system or driver software of the processing complexes. The apparatus and method includes a switch for selectively coupling each of the processing complexes to one or more shared I/O devices. The apparatus and method further includes placing information within packets transmitted between the switch and the I/O devices to identify which of the processing complexes the packets are associated with. The invention further includes an apparatus and method within the shared I/O devices to allow the shared I/O devices to service each of the processing complexes independently.

Abstract: A Local Area Network (LAN) device is provided that includes an integrated switching function and a single network port. More specifically, the single network port of the LAN device may be used to provide communications over two different channels to/from two different external network devices. Thus, the LAN device may be utilized as an intermediary network device in a bus or chain network configuration even though it only comprises a single network port.

Abstract: A system and method for enhanced data connections via an asymmetric data network receives incoming modem calls and discriminates those intended for enhanced service Web or other service, for instance by domain name. Those calls destined for that type of enhanced treatment may be received via modem banks or other RAS resources communicating with the PSTN or otherwise, and directed to an enhancement cluster or other nodes or locations for compression, caching, optimization or other processing designed to give the user's Web browsing or other service an improved or more responsive feel. According to embodiments of the invention in one regard, the user IP sessions may be tunneled to the enhancement cluster using a tunneling protocol, such as Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) or others.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described for simplified creation of, connection to, and termination from an ad hoc wireless network. Graphical user interfaces are used to guide users though creation and joining ad hoc network. The option to share one user's Internet connection with the entire ad hoc network is also described. The ad hoc networks described can provide some managed services traditionally unavailable in ad hoc networks, such as IP address assignment and name resolution services. The ad hoc networks can be created with termination criteria, such that a computer's connection to the ad hoc network is automatically terminated and previous network configuration settings are restored when one or a combination of termination criteria are met.

Abstract: An intelligent electronic device is configured to receive and generate data formatted in accordance with Distributed Network Protocol 3.0 (DNP 3.0) through an Ethernet TCP/IP medium. The intelligent electronic metering device for communicating over a network via an open channel includes an adapter to couple the electronic metering device to the network and to receive a message in a protocol of the network, wherein the adapter formats the message in a serial protocol; and a processor to receive the message from the adapter, generate a response to the message and transit the response to the adapter, wherein the adapter formats the response in the protocol of the network and transmits the response over the network via an open channel.

Abstract: A DBDM (dual band dual mode) terminal is provided for supporting different packet frame modes and a supporting method thereof. This may be provided by mounting a data communication protocol (TCP/UDP/IP/PPP) supporting different communication networks onto a video chip having application of packet data services of the DBDM terminal. It therefore may be possible to remove communication protocols of modem chips for different communication networks applied to a DBDM terminal. Accordingly, consistency of communication protocol may be maintained by using the same communication protocol in different communication networks, and performance of a terminal may also be improved by making application of a packet data service interwork directly with a socket. In addition, by mounting a communication protocol on a video chip, debugging can be easily performed during development.

Abstract: A remote switch for connecting to and providing access to a TDM network. A switch resident of a non-TDM network implements control of various components in order to effectuate telecommunications in the non-TDM network. An access gateway at a remote location connects to the TDM network. The switch accesses the TDM network through the access gateway via the connection.

Abstract: A duplexed network system is formed with a plurality of programmable controllers and two different networks. Each of the programmable controllers includes a CPU unit, a primary communication unit connected to one of these networks (the first network) and a secondary communication unit connected to the other of the networks (the second network). The primary communication unit serves to compile participation status of nodes connected to the first network. The CPU unit gives priority to the primary communication unit when a request to transmit a communication command is issued to both the primary and secondary communication units.

Abstract: Multiple initialization techniques for system and component in a point-to-point architecture are discussed. Consequently, the techniques allow for flexible system/socket layer parameters to be tailored to the needs of the platform, such as, desktop, mobile, small server, large server, etc., as well as the component types such as IA32/IPF processors, memory controllers, IO Hubs, etc. Furthermore, the techniques facilitate powering up with the correct set of POC values, hence, it avoids multiple warm resets and improves boot time. In one embodiment, registers to hold new values, such as, Configuration Values Driven during Reset (CVDR), and Configuration Values Captured during Reset (CVCR) may be eliminated. For example, the POC values could be from the following: Platform Input Clock to Core Clock Ratio, Enable/disable LT, Configurable Restart, Burn In Initialization Mode, Disable Hyper Threading, System BSP Socket Indication, and Platform Topology Index.

Abstract: A wireless communication apparatus includes a first interface, a packet memory, a shift register set, and a second interface. The first interface receives a plurality of packets and stores the plurality of packets in the packet memory. The addresses of the plurality of packets stored in the packet memory are recorded in the shift register set. The second interface reads the packets in the packet memory according to the addresses of the packets recorded in the shift register set and then sends to a receiver. After an acknowledge signals from the receiver is received, the addresses of the successfully transmitted packets are cleared from the shift register set.

Abstract: An integrated security switch and related method for managing connectivity and security among networks. The integrated security switch includes a security function connectable with a first network and at least one switching function connectable with a second network. A common management interface driven by both command line interface and graphic user interface protocols manages the switching function via a management path dedicated between the security function and the switching function. The common management interface enables secure switching of traffic to flow via a traffic path dedicated between the switching function and the security function. Typically, the traffic is a flow of data between the Internet and a group of networked users such as a wide area network.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transceiving multiple service data from multiple communication services to a SONET/SDH communication system or network are provided. A SONET/SDH universal framer (SURF) bidirectionally provides communication between a SONET/SDH communication port and multiple service communication ports using their native data format. A SONET/SDH byte engine processes complex hierarchical SONET/SDH frames storing intermediate states when it changes to process a byte of data of a different STS-1 equivalent frame in a SONET/SDH STS-N frame. A service byte engine processes the multitude of service data formats and generally intermediate states are restored, processed, and saved when the service byte engine changes to process a different data stream or a different frame of data of a given service.

Abstract: A communication system including a first terminal device connected to first and second networks, having only a reception function with respect to the first network and transmission and reception functions with respect to the second network, the first network being a radio network according to IEEE 802.11 and the second network being a radio network slower than the first network, and a second terminal device connected to the first and second networks, having at least a transmission function with respect to the first network and transmission and reception functions with respect to the second network is disclosed.

Abstract: An integrated circuit (e.g., a programmable integrated circuit such as a programmable microcontroller, a programmable logic device, etc.) includes programmable circuitry and 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10 GbE) transceiver circuitry. The programmable circuitry and the transceiver circuitry may be configured to implement the physical (PHY) layer of the 10GbE networking specification. This integrated circuit may then be coupled to an optical transceiver module in order to transmit and receive 10 GbE optical signals. The transceiver circuitry and interface circuitry that connects the transceiver circuitry with the programmable circuitry may be hard-wired or partially hard-wired.

Abstract: A network interface adapter includes a network interface and a client interface, for coupling to a client device so as to receive from the client device work requests to send messages over the network using a plurality of transport service instances. Message processing circuitry, coupled between the network interface and the client interface, includes an execution unit, which generates the messages in response to the work requests and passes the messages to the network interface to be sent over the network. A memory stores records of the messages that have been generated by the execution unit in respective lists according to the transport service instances with which the messages are associated. A completion unit receives the records from the memory and, responsive thereto, reports to the client device upon completion of the messages.

Abstract: This invention discloses a method for smooth capacity expansion of data communication product, and a smooth capacity expandable system of data communication. Architecture of the system at least comprises circuit card and switched network card; and further comprises interface card of switched network, interface transfer card and connection optical fiber. Based on these, it provides one kind of multiple frameworks structure with interconnection between frameworks. When the capacity is expanded, the original circuit cards and switched network cards keep unchanged, only smoothly increases the switched network cards and numbers of circuit card frameworks. Therefore, it implements smooth capacity expansion and client investment protection at the same time. With adding backup cards, it also implements capacity expansion without interrupting the service.

Abstract: The objective of the invention is to devise a method for establishing a subscriber connection and a system applying the method. According to the method, a digital subscriber connection consisting of a composition of an optical fiber and a metallic pair cable is implemented by transporting a digital information stream in two directions over an optical fiber (2) between a central site and equipment (103) which is connected to the metallic pair cable (4) of each subscriber. According to the invention, the information streams transmitted and received over the pair cables are multiplexed onto the optical fiber by using a multiplexing method of optical signals, whereby the information streams originating from different subscribers are combined onto the fiber by means of passive optical elements and whereby the information streams transmitted from the central site are distributed to each subscriber-specific optical-to-electric conversion element (105) by means of passive optical elements.

Abstract: A serial transceiver transmits at least one package of a data link layer and includes at least one channel including at least one transmitting module and at least one receiving module, a generating module and a controlling module. The channel is for transmitting the corresponding package. The transmitting module transmits the corresponding package and generates a transmitting time signal. The receiving module receives the package transmitted from the corresponding transmitting module and generates a receiving time signal. The generating module generates a target delay time signal. The controlling module receives the target delay time signal, transmitting time signals and receiving time signals, and generates a delay time signal for the corresponding receiving module according to the target delay time signal, the transmitting time signal and the receiving time signal.

Abstract: A connection adapter converts in accordance with prescribed rules into a form suitable for a second communication device, transmits or discards data transmitted by high-level equipment for use by a first communication device, and also converts in accordance with prescribed rules into a form suitable for the high-level equipment, transmits or discards data received from the second communication device.

Abstract: A serial bus data transfer system employs an interface circuit which includes a first FIFO which receives data from a serial bus and a second FIFO which outputs data to the bus. A first processor interfaces with the FIFOs and a dual-banked shared memory comprising first and second memory banks, such that data is routed between the FIFOs and the memory banks via the first processor. A second processor interfaces with the dual-banked shared memory such that data can be bidirectionally exchanged between either memory bank and the second processor. The first memory bank can be accessed and clocked by the first processor while the second memory bank is simultaneously accessed and clocked by the second processor, and vice versa, such that data can be simultaneously transferred between the FIFOs and the second processor via the dual-banked shared memory.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a DSL subscriber board with an increasable bandwidth and a method for increasing bandwidth of a DSL subscriber board; the bandwidth of interfaces between chips of the DSL subscriber board can be increased to a predefined bandwidth according to a required amount. The method specifically includes: increasing the number of the interface; increasing the bandwidth rate of the interface; or increasing the clock frequency of the interface. Both the DSL subscriber board and the method for increasing the bandwidth of the DSL subscriber board can increase the processing bandwidth of the DSL subscriber board efficiently, and thereby increasing the number of subscribers of the DSL subscriber board and reducing cost efficiently. At the same time, it can also improve the bandwidth of the DSL subscribers to accommodate to the development of future DSL high bandwidth technologies.

Abstract: A network status indicating circuit for indicating network status is provided. In a preferred embodiment, the network status indicating circuit includes a signal-generating unit (100) configured for being set in a kernel board, and an indicator circuit (200) configured for being set in a device board. The signal-generating unit (100) includes a signal transition circuit (130), which includes a first transistor (T1), a second transistor (T2), and a third transistor (T3). The signal transition circuit (130) is connected to a Link pin and a Speed pin of a network IC (120).

Abstract: A network interface and detection module to enable network communication within information handling systems is disclosed. According to an aspect, a network interface module is disclosed. The network interface module can include a housing including a first cavity configured to receive a first network plug having a first dimension. The housing also includes a second cavity within the first cavity, and configured to receive a second network plug having a second dimension that is less than the first dimension. The network interface module can also include a network detection circuit coupled to a first terminal within the housing. The network detection circuit can enable a first network type from a plurality of network types in response to an operating state of the first network terminal.

Abstract: A control sub system, a plurality of interface processors, a plurality of media interfaces a plurality of queues are operatively coupled and responsive to a control signal to move data from a memory to a selected one of the plurality of queues.

Abstract: Systems and methods for managing wireless communication between information handling system/s and one or more peripherals or other external devices, and that may be implemented in one embodiment to provide a virtual wireless docking environment for a portable information handling system and associated wired and wireless attached devices and peripherals.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to perform security related operations on received signals are described. In one embodiment, a security device may perform security related operations on received signals and a logic (such as an Ethernet controller) may include an interface to provide communication with the security device. Other embodiments are also disclosed.

Abstract: A processor includes controller circuitry configurable to determine for a given packet or other protocol data unit (PDU) received by the processor whether the given PDU is a single-cell PDU. If the given PDU is a single-cell PDU, information characterizing the given PDU is stored in first memory circuitry internal to the processor, without utilizing a linked list data structure. If the given PDU is not a single-cell PDU, information characterizing the PDU is stored in second memory circuitry external to the processor, utilizing a linked list data structure. The processor may be configured as a network processor integrated circuit to provide an interface between a network and a switch fabric in a router or switch.

Abstract: An apparatus for fixing computational latency within a deterministic region on a network comprises a network interface modem, a high priority module and at least one deterministic peripheral device. The network interface modem is in communication with the network. The high priority module is in communication with the network interface modem. The at least one deterministic peripheral device is connected to the high priority module. The high priority module comprises a packet assembler/disassembler, and hardware for performing at least one operation. Also disclosed is an apparatus for executing at least one instruction on a downhole device within a deterministic region, the apparatus comprising a control device, a downhole network, and a downhole device. The control device is near the surface of a downhole tool string. The downhole network is integrated into the tool string. The downhole device is in communication with the downhole network.

Abstract: A Keyboard-Video-Mouse (KVM) switch is provided for a set of user interface devices to share a plurality of computers. The Keyboard-Video-Mouse (KVM) switch comprises a network port, a second interface, at least one first interface, a switch device and an Ethernet hub. The network port is arranged to connect to a network. The second interface is arranged to connect the set of user interface devices. The first interface is arranged to connect the computers, and the first interface has a port for connecting a network interface of the computers. The switch device is arranged to route paths between the second interface and the first interface. The Ethernet hub is arranged to connect the network port and the port of the first interface.